JP3709424B2 - Vacuum tube solar collector - Google Patents

Vacuum tube solar collector Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3709424B2
JP3709424B2 JP2002104519A JP2002104519A JP3709424B2 JP 3709424 B2 JP3709424 B2 JP 3709424B2 JP 2002104519 A JP2002104519 A JP 2002104519A JP 2002104519 A JP2002104519 A JP 2002104519A JP 3709424 B2 JP3709424 B2 JP 3709424B2
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Prior art keywords
tube
heat
solar
terminal
pipe
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002104519A
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JP2003254630A (en
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秀次 西原
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秀次 西原
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、太陽熱を効率よく集熱するための太陽熱集熱器に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の真空管式太陽熱集熱器は図2のごとく二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6の内側にアルミフィン7付きの銅管8を配置していた。太陽熱20は二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6で集熱され、空気層11を通過してアルミフィン7に伝熱し、さらに銅管8に伝熱し、そして、熱媒体9を加熱していた。
【0003】
【問題が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この従来の方法では熱が太陽熱20から熱媒体9に伝わるため▲1▼太陽熱20を二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6で集熱する。
▲2▼内管6から空気層11を通して、伝導と輻射により、アルミフィン7に伝熱する。
▲3▼アルミフィン7から銅管8に伝熱する。
▲4▼銅管8から熱媒体9に熱交換する。
という四工程の熱伝達が繰り返され、各工程で熱伝達の温度差が必要となり、結果的に二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6で高温集熱しても、熱媒体9の温度は10℃以上も下がってしまい、温度低下を招くとともに集熱効率を低下させていた。
また、内管6の内側に熱媒体9が往復する銅管8を内蔵する構造のため、どうしても細い銅管8を使用する必要があり、これにより、熱媒体9への水流抵抗が大きくなり、銅管8が水流により削られ、穴があいて破損する事故があり、耐久性に問題があった。
さらに、部品として単価の高いアルミフィン7と銅管8を使っているため、この材料と加工費が製造コストの大きな上昇をまねいていた。
このため、従来の技術では低効率で耐久性が無い高コストの太陽熱集熱システムとなり、太陽熱集熱システムの販売及び普及を妨げていた。
【0004】
【問題を解決するための手段】
本発明はこれらの問題を自然の法則を利用し、もっとも合理的な方法で解決したものである。
まず、その構成を説明すると、内管6と外管12で構成され、内管6と外管12の隙間を真空層10にし、端末の一方を閉端末13に、他方を開端末14とした二重ガラス集熱管1に、開端末14と接する面17に接続口3を内接点15に内接するように開けた接続金具2で開端末14を封印した集熱管ユニットを複数台用意し、それぞれを開端末14方向から見て内接点15が最上部の位置になるように並列に配置し、それぞれの集熱管ユニットの接続口3を連結管5で連結したことを特徴とする真空管式太陽熱集熱器により解決するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施例をもとに、この真空管式太陽熱集熱器の効果を説明すると、
まず、本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器の実施形態を模式的に表現した構成図である図1のごとく、二重ガラス集熱管1、接続金具2、接続口3、とこれらを連結している連結管5で構成されている。二重ガラス集熱管1は二重ガラス集熱管1の縦方向の断面図である図4のごとく、内管6と外管12で構成され、内管6と外管12の隙間を真空層10にし、端末の一方を閉端末13に、他方を開端末14とする。接続金具2の材料は真鍮で、接続金具2の(a)正面図、(b)A−A断面図である図5のように、開端末14と接する面17に開端末14の内径16よりも小さな内径の丸穴の接続口3を開端末14の内周16に接続口3の内周が最も接近する内接点15で内接するように開けてある。集熱管ユニットの縦方向の断面図である図3のように二重ガラス集熱管1と接続金具2を開端末14にシーリング材22で封印した集熱管ユニットを複数台製作する。この集熱管ユニットを図1のように開端末14の方向から見て内接点15が最上部になるようにそれぞれ並列に並べ、銅管の連結管5でそれぞれの接続口3と溶接し、連結することにより本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器が完成する。
【0006】
設置例として、本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器は、開端末14方向を上に、閉端末13を下に、本発明の真空管太陽熱集熱器の縦方向の断面図である図6のように屋根の上に設置される。従って、連結管5に冷たい熱媒体を通水すると冷たい熱媒体は比重が重いため、重力により接続口3の内面下部から接続金具2の開端末14と接する面17で段差により、急激に集熱管に落ち込み、内管6下面を冷たい熱媒体の流れ18の矢印のように最下部へと自然の法則で移動する。熱媒体は太陽熱20により内管6上面で直接、しかも、連続的に暖められ内管6上面を上方向に加熱されながら比重が軽くなり、加速度的に内管6の上面に沿って温められた熱媒体の流れ19の矢印のように上昇する。開端末14の内周16と接続口3の内周は最上部で内接する内接点15に設けられているので、この加熱され、上昇してきた熱媒体は、管路の抵抗を受けずに、接続口3の上面を通過し、接続管5内の上部に戻ってくる。
つまり、二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6内で太陽熱20により加熱され、自然対流する熱媒体に、接続口3内面下部から接続金具2の開端末と接する面17で段差により急激に落ち込む加速度を与え、なおかつ、上昇してきた熱媒体は、管路の抵抗を受けずに、接続口3の上面を通過し、接続管5内の上部に戻ってくる構造となっている。この連結管5の熱媒体を次の集熱管ユニットに移動させることにより、集熱が繰り返され、連結管5出口では太陽熱20で十分に加熱された熱媒体を得ることができるようになる。
連結管5の熱媒体を移動させる手段としては一般的に循環ポンプによる方法がとられている。
本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器の連結管5に配管を接続し、熱媒体を循環させるようにすることにより、給湯、暖房利用への太陽熱集熱システムができるようになる。
【0007】
【発明の効果】
この発明により、従来
▲1▼太陽熱20を二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6で集熱する。
▲2▼内管6から空気層11を通して伝導と輻射により、アルミフィン7に伝熱する。
▲3▼アルミフィン7から銅管8に伝熱する。
▲4▼銅管8から熱媒体9に熱交換する。
四工程必要であった集熱プロセスが
▲1▼太陽熱20を二重ガラス集熱管1の内管6で集熱する。
▲2▼熱媒体に直接熱伝導され熱交換する。
上記の二工程に短縮され、無駄な熱伝達、熱交換が不要となるので、高温、高効率の太陽熱集熱ができるようになる。
また、内管6内部の水流は自然循環で行われ、集熱管内部にアルミフィン7、銅管8を使う必要が無くなるので材料の破損、劣化が無くなり耐久性が増すとともに、材料、加工費が不要になり、製造コストを大幅に低減できるようになる。
本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器の連結管5に配管を接続し、熱媒体を循環させるようにすることにより、高温、高効率、低コストの太陽熱集熱システムが完成され、熱媒体を直接、間接的に利用することにより、給湯、暖房への利用と普及が可能となる。これにより、自然、無公害、無尽蔵、無料のクリーンな太陽エネルギーを有効利用することが出来るようになり、地球環境問題の解決に多少なりとも効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の真空管式太陽熱集熱器の実施形態を模式的に表現した構成図である。
【図2】従来の真空管式太陽熱集熱器を輪切りにした断面図である。
【図3】集熱管ユニットの縦方向の断面図である。
【図4】二重ガラス集熱管1の縦方向の断面図である
【図5】接続金具2の(a)正面図、(b)A−A断面図である。
【図6】本発明の真空管太陽熱集熱器の縦方向の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 二重ガラス集熱管
2 接続金具
3 接続口
4 集熱管ユニット
5 連結管
6 内管
7 アルミフィン
8 銅管
9 熱媒体
10 真空層
11 空気層
12 外管
13 閉端末
14 開端末
15 内接点
16 開端末14の内周
17 開端末14と接する面
18 冷たい熱媒体の流れ
19 温められた熱媒体の流れ
20 太陽熱
21 外管12の外周
22 シーリング材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar heat collector for efficiently collecting solar heat.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional vacuum tube type solar heat collector, a copper tube 8 with aluminum fins 7 is arranged inside the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1 as shown in FIG. The solar heat 20 was collected by the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1, passed through the air layer 11, transferred to the aluminum fin 7, further transferred to the copper tube 8, and heated the heat medium 9. .
[0003]
[Problem to be solved by the problem]
However, in this conventional method, heat is transferred from the solar heat 20 to the heat medium 9. (1) The solar heat 20 is collected by the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1.
(2) Heat is transferred from the inner pipe 6 through the air layer 11 to the aluminum fins 7 by conduction and radiation.
(3) Heat is transferred from the aluminum fin 7 to the copper tube 8.
(4) Heat exchange from the copper tube 8 to the heat medium 9 is performed.
The four steps of heat transfer are repeated, and a temperature difference in heat transfer is required in each step. As a result, even if high temperature heat is collected in the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1, the temperature of the heat medium 9 is 10 ° C. As a result, the temperature was lowered, and the temperature was lowered and the heat collection efficiency was lowered.
In addition, since the copper tube 8 in which the heat medium 9 reciprocates inside the inner tube 6 is built in, it is necessary to use a thin copper tube 8 inevitably, thereby increasing the water flow resistance to the heat medium 9, There was an accident in which the copper pipe 8 was scraped by a water flow and had a hole, resulting in a problem in durability.
Furthermore, since the aluminum fins 7 and the copper pipes 8 having a high unit price are used as parts, this material and processing costs have caused a significant increase in manufacturing costs.
For this reason, in the conventional technique, it became a high-cost solar heat collection system with low efficiency and no durability, which hindered the sales and spread of the solar heat collection system.
[0004]
[Means for solving problems]
The present invention solves these problems in the most rational manner using the laws of nature.
First, the configuration will be described. The inner tube 6 and the outer tube 12 are configured, the gap between the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 12 is a vacuum layer 10, one terminal is a closed terminal 13, and the other is an open terminal 14. In the double glass heat collecting tube 1, a plurality of heat collecting tube units are prepared in which the open terminal 14 is sealed with the connection fitting 2 opened so as to be inscribed in the inner contact 15 on the surface 17 in contact with the open terminal 14. Are arranged in parallel so that the inner contacts 15 are in the uppermost position when viewed from the open terminal 14 direction, and the connection port 3 of each heat collecting tube unit is connected by a connecting tube 5. It is solved by a heater.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Based on the examples, the effect of this vacuum tube solar collector will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a vacuum tube solar collector according to the present invention, the double glass heat collecting tube 1, the connection fitting 2, the connection port 3, and these are connected. It is comprised with the connecting pipe 5 which is. As shown in FIG. 4, which is a longitudinal sectional view of the double glass heat collecting tube 1, the double glass heat collecting tube 1 is composed of an inner tube 6 and an outer tube 12, and a vacuum layer 10 is formed between the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 12. One of the terminals is a closed terminal 13 and the other is an open terminal 14. The material of the connection fitting 2 is brass, as shown in FIG. 5 which is (a) a front view of the connection fitting 2 and (b) AA sectional view. Further, the connection port 3 having a small inner diameter is opened so as to be inscribed in the inner contact 15 where the inner periphery of the connection port 3 is closest to the inner periphery 16 of the open terminal 14. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a longitudinal sectional view of the heat collecting tube unit, a plurality of heat collecting tube units in which the double glass heat collecting tube 1 and the connection fitting 2 are sealed at the open end 14 with the sealing material 22 are manufactured. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat collecting tube units are arranged in parallel so that the inner contacts 15 are at the top when viewed from the direction of the open end 14, and are welded to the respective connection ports 3 by connecting pipes 5 of copper pipes. By doing so, the vacuum tube type solar collector of the present invention is completed.
[0006]
As an installation example, the vacuum tube solar collector of the present invention is a longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tube solar collector of the present invention with the open terminal 14 direction up and the closed terminal 13 down as shown in FIG. Installed on the roof. Accordingly, when the cold heat medium is passed through the connecting pipe 5, the specific heat of the cold heat medium is heavy, so that the heat collecting pipe is suddenly caused by a step on the surface 17 contacting the open end 14 of the connection fitting 2 from the lower inner surface of the connection port 3 due to gravity. Then, the lower surface of the inner pipe 6 moves to the lowermost part as indicated by the arrow of the flow 18 of the cold heat medium according to the natural law. The heat medium was directly heated by the solar heat 20 directly on the upper surface of the inner tube 6, and the specific gravity was reduced while the upper surface of the inner tube 6 was heated upward, and the heat medium was accelerated along the upper surface of the inner tube 6. It rises as indicated by the arrow in the flow 19 of the heat medium. Since the inner periphery 16 of the open terminal 14 and the inner periphery of the connection port 3 are provided at the inner contact 15 inscribed at the uppermost part, the heated and raised heat medium is not subjected to the resistance of the pipe line, It passes through the upper surface of the connection port 3 and returns to the upper part in the connection pipe 5.
In other words, the acceleration that drastically drops due to the step on the surface 17 that contacts the open end of the connection fitting 2 from the lower surface of the inner surface of the connection port 3 to the heat medium that is heated by the solar heat 20 in the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1 and naturally convects. Furthermore, the rising heat medium passes through the upper surface of the connection port 3 without returning to the resistance of the pipe line and returns to the upper part in the connection pipe 5. By moving the heat medium of the connection pipe 5 to the next heat collection pipe unit, heat collection is repeated, and a heat medium sufficiently heated by the solar heat 20 can be obtained at the outlet of the connection pipe 5.
As a means for moving the heat medium of the connecting pipe 5, a method using a circulation pump is generally used.
By connecting a pipe to the connecting pipe 5 of the vacuum tube type solar heat collector of the present invention and circulating the heat medium, a solar heat collecting system for hot water supply and heating can be made.
[0007]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, conventional (1) solar heat 20 is collected by the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1.
(2) Heat is transferred from the inner pipe 6 to the aluminum fin 7 by conduction and radiation through the air layer 11.
(3) Heat is transferred from the aluminum fin 7 to the copper tube 8.
(4) Heat exchange from the copper tube 8 to the heat medium 9 is performed.
The heat collecting process that required four steps collects (1) solar heat 20 by the inner tube 6 of the double glass heat collecting tube 1.
(2) Direct heat conduction to the heat medium to exchange heat.
Since it is shortened to the above two steps and unnecessary heat transfer and heat exchange are not required, high-temperature and high-efficiency solar heat collection can be performed.
In addition, the water flow inside the inner pipe 6 is naturally circulated, and there is no need to use the aluminum fins 7 and the copper pipe 8 inside the heat collecting pipe, so that there is no damage or deterioration of the material and durability is increased. It becomes unnecessary and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
By connecting a pipe to the connecting pipe 5 of the vacuum tube type solar heat collector of the present invention and circulating the heat medium, a high temperature, high efficiency, low cost solar heat collection system is completed, and the heat medium is directly transferred. By using it indirectly, it can be used and spread for hot water supply and heating. This makes it possible to effectively use natural, pollution-free, inexhaustible, and free clean solar energy, and is somewhat effective in solving global environmental problems.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of a vacuum tube solar collector according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional vacuum tube solar collector that is cut into rings.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a heat collecting tube unit.
4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a double glass heat collecting tube 1. FIG. 5 is a (a) front view and (b) AA sectional view of a connection fitting 2. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the vacuum tube solar heat collector of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Double glass heat collecting pipe 2 Connection metal fitting 3 Connection port 4 Heat collecting pipe unit 5 Connection pipe 6 Inner pipe 7 Aluminum fin 8 Copper pipe 9 Heat medium 10 Vacuum layer 11 Air layer 12 Outer pipe 13 Closed terminal 14 Open terminal 15 Inner contact 16 Inner circumference 17 of the open end 14 Surface 18 in contact with the open end 14 Cold heat medium flow 19 Heated heat medium flow 20 Solar heat 21 Outer pipe outer circumference 22 Sealing material

Claims (2)

内管と外管で構成され、内管と外管の隙間を真空層にし、端末の一方を閉構造の端末(以後閉端末と表現する)に、他方を開構造の端末(以後開端末と表現する)とした二重ガラス集熱管(1)に、開端末と接する面に開端末の内径よりも小さな内径の丸穴(以後接続口と表現する)を開端末の内周と接続口(3)の内周が最も接近する位置(以後内接点と表現する)に内接するように開けた接続金具(2)で開端末を封印した集熱管ユニットを複数台用意し、それぞれを開端末方向から見て内接点が最上部の位置になるように並列に配置し、それぞれの集熱管ユニットの接続口(3)を連結管(5)で連結したことを特徴とする真空管式太陽熱集熱器。It is composed of an inner tube and an outer tube. The gap between the inner tube and the outer tube is a vacuum layer, one of the terminals is a closed structure terminal (hereinafter referred to as a closed terminal), and the other is an open structure terminal (hereinafter referred to as an open terminal). In the double glass heat collecting tube (1), the inner surface of the open terminal and the connection port (hereinafter referred to as a connection port) are formed on the surface in contact with the open terminal. 3) Prepare multiple heat collection tube units with open ends sealed with connecting fittings (2) opened so as to be inscribed in the position closest to the inner circumference (hereinafter referred to as internal contact). The solar tube solar collector is characterized by being arranged in parallel so that the inner contacts are in the uppermost position when viewed from the top, and the connection ports (3) of the respective heat collecting tube units are connected by connecting tubes (5) . 前記真空管式太陽熱集熱器の連結管(5)に熱媒体を循環させるようにした太陽熱集熱システム。A solar heat collection system in which a heat medium is circulated in the connection pipe (5) of the vacuum tube type solar heat collector.
JP2002104519A 2002-03-01 2002-03-01 Vacuum tube solar collector Expired - Fee Related JP3709424B2 (en)

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CN103604229A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-02-26 王来雨 Special heat collection pipe for solar heat collection engineering

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CN110657593A (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-07 王存义 Same-end heat collecting pipe
CN112984826B (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-08-30 秦皇岛科阳新能源有限公司 Vacuum tube solar rural heating equipment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103604229A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-02-26 王来雨 Special heat collection pipe for solar heat collection engineering

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