JP3699603B2 - Water intake device by filtration device using riverbed - Google Patents

Water intake device by filtration device using riverbed Download PDF

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JP3699603B2
JP3699603B2 JP01365899A JP1365899A JP3699603B2 JP 3699603 B2 JP3699603 B2 JP 3699603B2 JP 01365899 A JP01365899 A JP 01365899A JP 1365899 A JP1365899 A JP 1365899A JP 3699603 B2 JP3699603 B2 JP 3699603B2
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water intake
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博充 菅原
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山大機電株式会社
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Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は河川から飲料、工業用、養殖用などのために水を取り入れる取水装置に関するものであり、河川の水を濾過した状態で取水装置から取り込むことによって取り込んだ水の後処理を容易にし、取り込んだ水の後処理コストを低減することができるものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
飲料水や養殖池のために水を河川から取り込むための従来の取水装置は概略、図３に示す構造からなるものであり、高さ１〜１．５ｍの取水堰を設け、この取水堰１の上流側の取水口にゲート弁３を設け、この取水口から取り込んだ水を沈砂池２に導き、上記沈砂池２で、泥や砂利や落葉、木片、砂などを除去しているものである。
しかし、落葉の多い季節の河川の水や、雪解け水には、多量の落葉が混じっており、殊に雪解け水には沈みがちな落葉が多量に混入しているので、これらが取水口から流入して沈砂池に流れ込み、沈砂池で沈降し、堆積する。梅雨、台風の季節における河川の流れは砂利や砂、木片を巻き込みながら激しく流れるので、その傾向が一段と強くなる。このために従来の取水装置においては、沈砂池を定期的に清掃する必要があり、また、取り入れた水の処理装置の施工コスト、取り入れた水の処理コスト、取水装置のメンテナンスコストがかさむと言う問題がある。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は取水装置のメンテナンスコスト、取り入れた水の処理コストを低減するとともに、砂利、砂、落葉、木片などの異物が取水口から流れ込むことを確実に防止できるように、取水装置の構造を根本的に改良することをその課題とするものである。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題解決のために講じた手段は、次ぎの要素（イ）〜（ヘ）によって構成されるものである。
（イ）堰堤に隣接した上流側の川底に玉石層を設け、この玉石層にほぼ水平な二重多孔集水管を敷設し、この玉石層の上に玉砂利層、木炭層、砂層などからなる濾過層を積層したこと、
（ロ）堰堤の高さと濾過層の最上の砂層の高さがほぼ同じであること、
（ハ）上記濾過層の中に上記玉石層から水面よりも上方に達する高さの貯水槽をる設け、上記二重多孔集水管の内管の一端を弁を介して当該貯水槽に解放したこと、
（ニ）上記二重多孔集水管の内管を上記貯水槽内の逆洗本管に接続したこと、
（ホ）上記逆洗本管を高圧水（又は空気）源に接続したこと、
（ヘ）上記貯水槽から水を取り出すための取水手段を設けたこと。
【０００５】
【作用】
堰堤に隣接した上流側の川底に玉石層を設け、この玉石層にほぼ水平な二重多孔集水管を敷設し、この玉石層の上に玉砂利層、木炭層、砂層などからなる濾過層を積層し、堰堤の高さと濾過層の最上の砂層の高さがほぼ同じであるので、台風時などでの濁流、流木、石、落葉、泥により、濾過層の最上の砂層をたたき、表面に沈澱していたものを多少の砂と共に堰堤を乗越えて排出してくれる。これによって取水効率が低下することが防止され、また、堰堤の上端と川の水底とが同レベルにあるので、河川の水量が多い時に流れも早く、平常時においても砂層の上に沈澱した泥層が洗い流され、砂層の表面が清掃される。
取水状態においては、上記弁を開いて二重多孔集水管の内管を貯水槽に解放している。
川を流れる水が上記濾過層を通って玉石層に達し、玉石層に達した水はこの玉石層に敷設された二重多孔集水管の外管から内管に侵入し、当該内管を経て貯水槽に流入する。貯水槽に流入した水が取水手段によって取水される。
水は自然に濾過層に浸透し、二重多孔集水管に入って河川の水の水頭圧によって貯水槽に流れ込むから、川底の玉石層の上の玉砂利層、木炭層、砂層などからなる濾過層によって自然に濾過された状態で取水される。したがって、取水された水の後処理装置には大掛かりな濾過装置は不要である。
取水期間の経過とともに砂の最上部の上記濾過層が目詰まりして集水効率が低下するが、取水量が低下したときは、二重多孔集水管の内管を貯水槽に解放している解放端の弁を閉じ、高圧水（又は空気）源から逆洗本管を介して二重多孔集水管の内管に高圧水（又は空気）を圧送する。
二重多孔集水管の内管に圧送された高圧水（又は空気）が内管、外管の小孔から吹き出し、玉石層、濾過層を経て水面上に吹き出す。これによって二重多孔集水管、濾過層が逆洗浄され、これらの目詰まりが解消され、取水効率が回復する。この高圧水（又は空気）による逆洗浄を繰り返すことによって本発明の取水装置は半永久的に使用可能である。
【０００６】
【実施態様１】
解決手段における上記貯水槽の底部に水中ポンプを設け、当該水中ポンプに取水管を接続したこと。
【０００７】
【作用】
上記貯水槽の水位を河川水面よりも低レベルに維持できるので、貯水槽の水位と河川水位との間の水頭圧が高くなり、したがって、高い取水効率で取水することができる。
【０００８】
【実施態様２】
解決手段における砂層の下に荒砂層を介して活性炭層を積層して解決手段の濾過層を形成したこと。
【０００９】
【作用】
活性炭層によって脱臭がなされるが、この活性炭層を荒砂層の下に積層しているので、活性炭層の活性炭の目詰まりが抑制され、活性炭の脱臭効果を長期間維持することができる。
【００１０】
【実施態様３】
実施態様２における活性炭層の下に荒砂層を介して木炭層を積層したこと。
【００１１】
【作用】
木炭層によって殺菌、浄化作用がなされるが、木炭層が多層の荒砂層の下に積層されているので、木炭層への異物、川砂の侵入が少なく、したがってこれらが木炭層の木炭表面に付着することが少ないので、木炭による殺菌、浄化作用は長期間持続する。
【００１２】
【実施態様４】
二重多孔集水管の内管を撓み管継ぎ手を介して貯水槽の管に連結したこと。
【００１３】
【作用】
二重多孔集水管の沈降等による二重多孔集水管の内管と貯水槽間の位置ずれを撓み管継ぎ手が吸収するので、上記位置ずれによる上記内管の破損が防止される。
【００１４】
【実施例】
次いで図面を参照しながら実施例を説明する。
この実施例は堰堤１０によって河川を塞き止め、堰堤１０に隣接して上流側に本発明の取水装置を設けている。
この実施例では最下層の玉石層１１の深さが約２．８ｍであり、当該玉石層１１の厚さは約１ｍである。この玉石層に上下２段に二重多孔集水管１２，１２が敷設してある。この各段の二重多孔集水管１２，１２は円筒状のコンクリート製貯水槽１３（砂利、砂、自重、基礎にしっかりと支えられていて大雨、大水でも十分耐えられる。）から中心角２２〜２３度の間隔で放射状に配置されていて、長さ４．３ｍのもの３本、長さ２．３ｍのもの３本から構成されている。二重多孔集水管１２は外径１５０ｍｍの多孔の鋼管製外管１２ａと外径６５ｍｍの多孔のステンレス鋼管製内管１２ｂからなる二重管であり、外管１２ａを玉石層に埋設して玉石層に支持させ、この外管１２ａに内管１２ｂを挿入して二重管にしたものである。内管１２ｂの貯水槽１３側の端は撓み継ぎ手１４を介して貯水槽１３に固定された管１５に接続してある。
川底に構築された濾過層は、その長さが約１０ｍ、幅が約６ｍであり、玉石層１１の上に厚さ５０ｃｍの玉砂利層１６、厚さ１５ｃｍの荒砂層１７を積層し、この荒砂層１７の上にさらに厚さ１０ｃｍの木炭層１８、厚さ１５ｃｍの荒砂層１９、厚さ１５ｃｍの活性炭層２０、厚さ３０ｃｍの荒砂層２１を順次積層し、この荒砂層２１の上に適当な厚さの砂層２２を積層している。
貯水槽１３の内径は１．８ｍ、高さは約３ｍであり、その中には逆洗本管２３，２３が配管されており、この逆洗本管２３に貯水槽の管１５が接続されている。逆洗本管２３をＴ型管継ぎ手Ｊを介して管１５に接続し、このＴ型管継ぎ手Ｊの左右両端に弁２４を設けている。ハンドルＨを操作して貯水槽１３の壁側の弁２４を止めることによって、内管からの取水を止めることができる。
また貯水槽１３に取水送水管２５を配管し、この取水送水管２５の下端に水中ポンプ２６を設けている。
【００１５】
二重多孔集水管１２の内管１２ｂから貯水槽１３内に取り入れられた水は水中ポンプ２６によって取水送水管２５を介して汲み上げられる。この取水装置によって取水された水の濁度は０°〜５°であり、殺菌処理するだけで飲用水として使える程度に濾過、浄化されている。
濾過層などが目詰まりして取水効率が低下したときは、ハンドルＨを操作して内管１２ｂの解放端の弁２４を閉じ、高圧ポンプＰから逆洗本管２３に高圧水（又は空気）を圧入し、これをＴ型管継ぎ手Ｊを介して内管１２ｂに圧送すると、この高圧水（又は空気）が二重多孔集水管の孔（スリット）から吹き出し、玉石層１１、玉石層１１の上に積層された濾過層を通って水面Ｗ上に吹き出す。この高圧水（又は空気）の逆流によって、二重多孔集水管、濾過層が逆洗浄されるから、目詰まりが修復されて再び取水効率は回復する。
二重多孔集水管の長さは、その敷設本数、取水量、川幅にもよるが、高圧水（又は空気）による逆洗浄の効果との関係から、５〜５０ｍが実用上好ましい長さである。また、二重多孔集水管の太さについては、同様の理由から、外管１２ａの外径が１００〜５００ｍｍ、内管１２ｂの外径が５０〜２５０ｍｍが実用的である。
上記堰堤１０の高さと濾過層の最上の砂層２２の高さはほぼ同じであるから、表層の近傍で流れが澱むことはなく、流れは速い。したがって、台風時などでの濁流、流木、石、落葉、泥により、濾過層の最上の砂層２２をたたき、表面に沈澱していたものを多少の砂と共に堰堤１０を乗越えて排出してくれる（場合によっては後で１〜２ｃｍ位新しい砂を入れてやる必要がある）。これによって取水効率が低下することが防止され、また、堰堤１０の上端と川の水底とが同レベルにあるので、河川の水量が多い時に流れも早く、平常時においても砂層２２の上に沈澱した泥層が洗い流され、砂層２２の表面が清掃される。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
以上の通り、堰堤に隣接した上流側の川底に濾過層を設け、この濾過層の下に玉石層を設けて、この玉石層に二重多孔集水管を敷設しているので、綺麗に濾過、浄化された状態で、河川の水が取水される。そして、二重多孔集水管は玉石層に敷設されているので、自然の水頭圧によって河川の水がスムースに多孔集水管内に侵入し、また二重多孔集水管が目詰まりすることも少ない。
また、河川の川底を利用するものであるから、濾過層を設置するための敷地が不要であり、また、濾過層構築に制約がないので、高い殺菌、浄化、脱臭能力を備えた濾過層を容易に構築することができる。
さらに、多孔集水管を二重管にして内管に高圧水（又は空気）を圧入して外管の孔（スリット）から玉石層に噴出させるものであるが、外管が玉石層内に敷設されているから、外管の孔からの高圧水（又は空気）の噴出がスムースに成される。したがって、高圧水（又は空気）によって濾過層を極めて能率的、効率的に逆洗浄することができ、この逆洗浄を行うことによって、長期間にわたって高い取水効率が維持される。
また、堰堤の高さと濾過層の最上の砂層の高さがほぼ同じであるので、台風時などでの濁流、流木、石、落葉、泥により、濾過層の最上の砂層をたたき、表面に沈澱していたものを多少の砂と共に堰堤を乗越えて排出してくれる。これによって取水効率が低下することが防止され、また、堰堤の上端と川の水底とが同レベルにあるので、河川の水量が多い時に流れも早く、平常時においても砂層の上に沈澱した泥層が洗い流され、砂層の表面が清掃される。
したがって、長期に亘って高い取水効率の低下が防止され、高い取水効率での取水が継続される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例の断面図である。
【図２】実施例の平面図である。
【図３】従来の取水装置の模式図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・・取水堰
２・・・沈砂池
３・・・ゲート弁
１０・・・堰堤
１１・・・玉石層
１２・・・二重多孔集水管
１２ａ・・・外管
１２ｂ・・・内管
１３・・・貯水槽
１４・・・撓み継ぎ手
１５・・・管
１６・・・玉砂利層
１７・・・荒砂層
１８・・・木炭層
１９・・・荒砂層
２０・・・活性炭層
２１・・・荒砂層
２２・・・砂層
２３・・・逆洗本管
２４・・・弁
２５・・・取水送水管
２６・・・水中ポンプ
Ｈ・・・ハンドル
Ｊ・・・Ｔ型管継ぎ手
Ｐ・・・高圧ポンプ
Ｗ・・・水面[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
This invention relates to a water intake device that takes in water from the river for beverages, industrial use, aquaculture, etc., and facilitates the post-treatment of the water taken in by taking the water from the river in a filtered state, The post-treatment cost of the taken-in water can be reduced.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional water intake device for taking water from a river for drinking water or aquaculture pond is generally composed of the structure shown in FIG. 3, and is provided with a water intake weir having a height of 1 to 1.5 m. A gate valve 3 is provided at the upstream water intake, and the water taken from this water intake is guided to the settling basin 2 where mud, gravel, fallen leaves, wood chips, sand, etc. are removed. is there.
However, a lot of fallen leaves are mixed in the river water in the season with many fallen leaves and the snowmelt. Then, it flows into the sand basin, sinks and accumulates in the sand basin. In the rainy season and typhoon season, the river flows violently with gravel, sand, and wood chips, so the tendency becomes stronger. For this reason, in the conventional water intake device, it is necessary to periodically clean the sand basin, and the construction cost of the incorporated water treatment device, the treatment cost of the incorporated water, and the maintenance cost of the intake device are increased. There's a problem.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention reduces the maintenance cost of the water intake device and the treatment cost of the taken-in water, and fundamentally improves the structure of the water intake device so that foreign matter such as gravel, sand, fallen leaves, and wood chips can be reliably prevented from flowing from the water intake port. The problem is to improve it.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means taken for solving the above-described problems is constituted by the following elements (a) to (f).
(B) A cobblestone layer is provided at the upstream riverbed adjacent to the dam, and a double porous water collecting pipe is laid on this cobblestone layer. Filtration consisting of a boulder gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a sand layer, etc. Layered layers,
(B) The height of the dam and the height of the top sand layer of the filtration layer are almost the same,
(C) A reservoir having a height reaching above the water surface from the cobblestone layer is provided in the filtration layer, and one end of the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe is released to the reservoir through a valve. thing,
(D) the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe connected to the backwash main pipe in the water storage tank;
(E) the backwash main is connected to a high pressure water (or air) source;
(F) Provided water intake means for taking out water from the water storage tank.
[0005]
[Action]
A cobblestone layer is installed on the upstream river bed adjacent to the dam, and a double horizontal water collecting pipe is laid on this cobblestone layer, and a filter layer consisting of a boulder gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a sand layer, etc. is laminated on this cobblestone layer However, since the height of the dam and the height of the top sand layer of the filtration layer are almost the same, the top sand layer of the filtration layer is struck by muddy flow, driftwood, stones, fallen leaves, and mud during typhoons, etc. It will discharge over the dam with some sand. This prevents water intake efficiency from decreasing, and because the top of the dam and the bottom of the river are at the same level, the flow of water is fast when there is a lot of water in the river, and mud that has settled on the sand layer even during normal times. The layer is washed away and the surface of the sand layer is cleaned.
In the water intake state, the valve is opened to release the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe to the water storage tank.
The water flowing through the river reaches the cobblestone layer through the filtration layer, and the water that has reached the cobblestone layer enters the inner pipe from the outer pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe laid in this cobblestone layer, and passes through the inner pipe. It flows into the water tank. The water flowing into the water storage tank is taken in by the water intake means.
Water naturally penetrates into the filtration layer, enters the double porous water collecting pipe and flows into the reservoir by the head pressure of the river water, so the filtration layer consists of a boulder gravel layer, charcoal layer, sand layer, etc. above the cobblestone layer at the bottom of the river The water is taken in the state of being naturally filtered. Therefore, a large-scale filtration device is not necessary for the post-treatment device for the water taken.
The filtration layer at the top of the sand clogs with the passage of the water intake period and the water collection efficiency decreases, but when the water intake amount decreases, the inner pipe of the double porous water collection pipe is released to the water storage tank. The valve at the open end is closed, and high-pressure water (or air) is pumped from the high-pressure water (or air) source to the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe through the backwash main pipe.
High-pressure water (or air) pumped to the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe blows out from the small holes of the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and blows out on the water surface through the cobblestone layer and the filtration layer. As a result, the double porous water collecting tube and the filtration layer are back-washed, the clogging of these is eliminated, and the water intake efficiency is restored. The water intake device of the present invention can be used semipermanently by repeating this backwashing with high-pressure water (or air).
[0006]
Embodiment 1
A submersible pump is provided at the bottom of the water tank in the solution, and a water intake pipe is connected to the submersible pump.
[0007]
[Action]
Since the water level of the water tank can be maintained at a level lower than the river water level, the head pressure between the water level of the water tank and the river water level becomes high, and therefore water can be taken with high water intake efficiency.
[0008]
Embodiment 2
The activated carbon layer was laminated through the rough sand layer under the sand layer in the solution means to form the filter layer of the solution means.
[0009]
[Action]
Although the deodorization is performed by the activated carbon layer, since this activated carbon layer is laminated under the rough sand layer, clogging of the activated carbon in the activated carbon layer is suppressed, and the deodorizing effect of the activated carbon can be maintained for a long time.
[0010]
Embodiment 3
The charcoal layer was laminated | stacked through the rough sand layer under the activated carbon layer in Embodiment 2.
[0011]
[Action]
Sterilization and purification action is performed by the charcoal layer, but since the charcoal layer is laminated under the multi-layered rough sand layer, there is little invasion of foreign matter and river sand into the charcoal layer, so these adhere to the charcoal surface of the charcoal Therefore, the sterilization and purification action by charcoal lasts for a long time.
[0012]
Embodiment 4
The inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe is connected to the pipe of the water storage tank through a flexible pipe joint.
[0013]
[Action]
Since the displacement between the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe and the water storage tank due to sedimentation of the double porous water collecting pipe and the water storage tank is absorbed by the pipe joint, damage to the inner pipe due to the above positional deviation is prevented.
[0014]
【Example】
Next, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, the river is blocked by the dam 10, and the water intake device of the present invention is provided on the upstream side adjacent to the dam 10.
In this embodiment, the depth of the lowermost cobblestone layer 11 is about 2.8 m, and the thickness of the cobblestone layer 11 is about 1 m. Double porous water collecting pipes 12 and 12 are laid on the cobblestone layer in two upper and lower stages. The double porous water collecting pipes 12 and 12 at each stage have a central angle 22 from a cylindrical concrete water storage tank 13 (gravel, sand, dead weight, firmly supported by the foundation and capable of withstanding heavy rain and heavy water). They are arranged radially at intervals of ˜23 degrees, and are composed of three 4.3 m long and three 2.3 m long. The double porous water collecting pipe 12 is a double pipe comprising a porous steel pipe outer pipe 12a having an outer diameter of 150 mm and a porous stainless steel pipe inner pipe 12b having an outer diameter of 65 mm, and the outer pipe 12a is buried in a cobblestone layer. The inner tube 12b is inserted into the outer tube 12a to form a double tube. The end of the inner pipe 12b on the side of the water storage tank 13 is connected to a pipe 15 fixed to the water storage tank 13 via a flexible joint 14.
The filtration layer constructed at the bottom of the river has a length of about 10 m and a width of about 6 m. A cobblestone layer 16 having a thickness of 50 cm and a rough sand layer 17 having a thickness of 15 cm are laminated on the cobblestone layer 11. A 10 cm thick charcoal layer 18, a 15 cm thick rough sand layer 19, a 15 cm thick activated carbon layer 20, and a 30 cm thick rough sand layer 21 are sequentially laminated on the sand layer 17. A sand layer 22 having a proper thickness is laminated.
The internal diameter of the water storage tank 13 is 1.8 m, and the height is about 3 m, and backwash main pipes 23 and 23 are piped therein, and a water tank pipe 15 is connected to the backwash main pipe 23. ing. The backwash main pipe 23 is connected to the pipe 15 via a T-type pipe joint J, and valves 24 are provided at both left and right ends of the T-type pipe joint J. By operating the handle H and stopping the valve 24 on the wall side of the water storage tank 13, water intake from the inner pipe can be stopped.
A water intake / pipe 25 is provided in the water storage tank 13, and a submersible pump 26 is provided at the lower end of the water intake / pipe 25.
[0015]
The water taken into the water storage tank 13 from the inner pipe 12b of the double porous water collecting pipe 12 is pumped up by the submersible pump 26 through the water intake / pipe 25. The turbidity of water taken by this water intake device is 0 ° to 5 °, and it has been filtered and purified to such an extent that it can be used as drinking water simply by sterilization.
When the filtration layer or the like is clogged and the water intake efficiency is reduced, the handle H is operated to close the valve 24 at the open end of the inner pipe 12b, and the high pressure water (or air) is supplied from the high pressure pump P to the backwash main pipe 23. Is pressed into the inner pipe 12b via the T-shaped pipe joint J, and this high-pressure water (or air) is blown out from the hole (slit) of the double porous water collecting pipe, and the boulder layer 11 and the boulder layer 11 It blows out on the water surface W through the filtration layer laminated | stacked on the top. Due to the backflow of the high-pressure water (or air), the double porous water collecting pipe and the filtration layer are backwashed, so that the clogging is repaired and the water intake efficiency is restored again.
Although the length of the double porous water collecting pipe depends on the number of laying pipes, the amount of water intake, and the river width, 5-50 m is a practically preferable length from the viewpoint of the effect of back washing with high-pressure water (or air). . Regarding the thickness of the double porous water collecting pipe, for the same reason, it is practical that the outer diameter of the outer pipe 12a is 100 to 500 mm and the outer diameter of the inner pipe 12b is 50 to 250 mm.
Since the height of the dam 10 and the height of the uppermost sand layer 22 of the filtration layer are substantially the same, the flow does not stagnate near the surface layer, and the flow is fast. Therefore, the uppermost sand layer 22 of the filtration layer is struck by muddy flow, driftwood, stones, fallen leaves, and mud during a typhoon, etc., and what has settled on the surface gets over the dam 10 with some sand and is discharged ( In some cases, it may be necessary to add 1-2 cm of new sand later). As a result, the water intake efficiency is prevented from lowering, and the upper end of the dam 10 and the bottom of the river are at the same level, so that the flow is fast when the amount of water in the river is large, and the sediment is deposited on the sand layer 22 even in normal times. The mud layer is washed away, and the surface of the sand layer 22 is cleaned.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, a filtration layer is provided on the upstream river bed adjacent to the dam, a cobblestone layer is provided under this filtration layer, and a double porous water collecting pipe is laid in this cobblestone layer, so that it is neatly filtered, River water is taken in the purified state. And since the double porous water collecting pipe is laid in the cobblestone layer, the water in the river smoothly intrudes into the porous water collecting pipe due to the natural head pressure, and the double porous water collecting pipe is less likely to be clogged.
In addition, because it uses the bottom of the river, there is no need for a site to install a filtration layer, and there are no restrictions on the construction of the filtration layer, so a filtration layer with high sterilization, purification, and deodorization capabilities is required. Easy to build.
Furthermore, the porous water collecting pipe is made into a double pipe, and high pressure water (or air) is injected into the inner pipe and injected into the cobblestone layer from the hole (slit) of the outer pipe, but the outer pipe is laid in the cobblestone layer. Therefore, the high pressure water (or air) is smoothly ejected from the hole of the outer tube. Therefore, the filtration layer can be back-washed very efficiently and efficiently with high-pressure water (or air), and by this back-washing, high water intake efficiency is maintained over a long period of time.
In addition, the height of the dam and the height of the top sand layer of the filtration layer are almost the same, so the top sand layer of the filtration layer is struck by turbidity, driftwood, stones, fallen leaves, and mud during typhoons, etc. It will discharge over the dam with some sand. This prevents water intake efficiency from decreasing, and because the top of the dam and the bottom of the river are at the same level, the flow of water is fast when there is a lot of water in the river, and mud that has settled on the sand layer even during normal times. The layer is washed away and the surface of the sand layer is cleaned .
Accordingly, a decrease in high water intake efficiency is prevented over a long period of time, and water intake with high water intake efficiency is continued.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional water intake device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Intake weir 2 ... Sand basin 3 ... Gate valve 10 ... Weir 11 ... Cobblestone layer 12 ... Double porous water collecting pipe 12a ... Outer pipe 12b ... Inner pipe DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... Water tank 14 ... Deflection joint 15 ... Pipe 16 ... Gravel layer 17 ... Rough sand layer 18 ... Charcoal layer 19 ... Rough sand layer 20 ... Activated carbon layer 21 ...・ Rough sand layer 22 ... Sand layer 23 ... Backwash main pipe 24 ... Valve 25 ... Intake water pipe 26 ... Submersible pump H ... Handle J ... T type pipe joint P ...・ High pressure pump W ・ ・ ・ Water surface

Claims (5)

堰堤に隣接した上流側の川底に玉石層を設け、この玉石層にほぼ水平な二重多孔集水管を敷設し、この玉石層の上に玉砂利層、木炭層、砂層などからなる濾過層を積層し、
堰堤の高さと濾過層の最上の砂層の高さがほぼ同じであり、
上記濾過層の中に上記玉石層から水面よりも上方に達する高さの貯水槽を設け、上記二重多孔集水管の内管の一端を弁を介して当該貯水槽に解放し、
上記二重多孔集水管の内管を上記貯水槽内の逆洗本管に接続し、
上記逆洗本管を高圧水（又は空気）源に接続し、
上記貯水槽から水を取り出すための取水手段を設けた、川底を利用した濾過装置による取水装置。 A cobblestone layer is installed on the upstream river bed adjacent to the dam , and a double horizontal water collecting pipe is laid on this cobblestone layer, and a filter layer consisting of a boulder gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a sand layer, etc. is laminated on this cobblestone layer And
The height of the dam and the height of the top sand layer of the filtration layer are almost the same,
In the filtration layer is provided a water storage tank having a height that reaches above the water surface from the cobblestone layer, one end of the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe is released to the water storage tank through a valve,
Connect the inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe to the backwash main pipe in the water tank,
Connect the backwash main to a high pressure water (or air) source,
A water intake device by a filtration device using a riverbed, provided with water intake means for taking out water from the water tank. 上記貯水槽の底部に水中ポンプを設け、当該水中ポンプに取水管を接続した請求項１記載の取水装置。The water intake device according to claim 1, wherein a submersible pump is provided at the bottom of the water tank, and a water intake pipe is connected to the submersible pump. 上記砂層の下に荒砂層を介して活性炭層を積層して濾過層を形成した請求項１記載の取水装置。The water intake device according to claim 1, wherein a filtration layer is formed by laminating an activated carbon layer under the sand layer via a rough sand layer. 上記活性炭層の下に荒砂層を介して木炭層を積層した請求項３記載の取水装置。The water intake device according to claim 3, wherein a charcoal layer is laminated under the activated carbon layer through a rough sand layer. 上記二重多孔集水管の内管を撓み管継ぎ手を介して貯水槽の管に連結した請求項１記載の取水装置。The water intake device according to claim 1, wherein an inner pipe of the double porous water collecting pipe is connected to a pipe of a water storage tank through a flexible pipe joint.
JP01365899A 1999-01-21 1999-01-21 Water intake device by filtration device using riverbed Expired - Lifetime JP3699603B2 (en)

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