JP3690838B2 - Method and apparatus for processing outer surface of round bamboo for raw material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for processing outer surface of round bamboo for raw material Download PDF

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JP3690838B2
JP3690838B2 JP15254995A JP15254995A JP3690838B2 JP 3690838 B2 JP3690838 B2 JP 3690838B2 JP 15254995 A JP15254995 A JP 15254995A JP 15254995 A JP15254995 A JP 15254995A JP 3690838 B2 JP3690838 B2 JP 3690838B2
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bamboo
raw material
raw
processing
support
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JPH08318507A (en
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誠二 吉田
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日本ブロアー工業株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
原料用丸竹から素材としての板材を製造するには、次の主要な四つの基本工程を経由する。
▲1▼原料用丸竹の外面の節と外皮を削り平滑とする外面加工。
▲2▼原料用丸竹の内面の節部分の隔壁と内皮を削り平滑とする内面加工。
▲3▼脱脂用温浴設備。
▲4▼加熱炉を通しながら原料用丸竹をプレスして平板状にする展開加工。
【0002】
本発明は、上記の〔0001〕で説明した工程の▲1▼の部分に関する。原料用丸竹を効果的に展開して平板状の板を製造するさいの、工程である原料用丸竹の外面の表皮部分と間隔を置いて突出する節部分とを、原料用丸竹全体の長手方向に連続して切削加工して除去し、平滑なる外面をうるための方法と装置に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0003】
生活水準の向上に伴って、人間が消費する資材の量は飛躍的に増加した。特に木材は欠かすことの出来ない原材料として重宝され、今や世界的にその枯渇が心配されるようになった。衆知の通り木材は再生産に膨大な時間と労力を掛けないと手に入れることができないことから、木材の輸出国も原木輸出のための森林伐採に厳重な歯止めを掛けるようになってきた。
【0004】
このような現象は、多量の木材の輸入国である我が国にとって、原木の安定供給ルートが崩れることであり、多様な代替品を開発し絶対量を確保することは極めて重要なことである。その代替品の一つとして、成長期間が短く強度が高く国の内外で容易に入手可能な原材料として竹がとり上げられ、その利用方法について色々と研究がなされている。
【0005】
利用の形態は多様であるが、原料用丸竹を最も効果的に利用して付加価値を高め、多量に生産しようとようとすれば円筒形状の材料を展開して平板状とする所謂竹板の製品化である。竹板の製品化に係る先行技術には次のような出願がある。特公昭36−794,特開昭59−48103,特開昭62−90202,特開平1−294003,特開平4−67902,特開平6−182712,特開平6−182713、特開平6−320504等の出願で各々の要旨はつぎのような内容である。
【0006】
特公昭36−794では、原料用丸竹の中節をとり縦に切り割りした原料用丸竹を恒温の油層の中で加熱しながら、一端を固定し他端をローラで加圧展開して板状とする技術が、特開昭59−48103では、原料用丸竹の中空円筒内面の円周方向に多数の切込みを入れ、縦方向に切断して簀子状に展開して板状とする技術が、特開平昭62−90202では、縦方向に切込みを入れた原料用丸竹を加熱浴の中に入れ、切込部を楔状の拡開治具で除々に展開して板状とする技術が開示されている。
【0007】
特開平1−294003では、半月状の原料用丸竹を両面から加圧して板状とする際に、半月状の原料用丸竹の内側が伸びないように両端を規制する技術が、特開平4−67902では、半割りかそれ以上に割った原料用丸竹を連続して、節と内外の表皮の除去に加えてカセット式の高周波加熱炉中を通しながら圧延送りロールで板状とする技術が、特開平6−182712では、カセット電極で半割り竹材を、長手方向に多数並べて加圧成形して板状とするバッチ式電気炉の技術について開示されている。
【0008】
また特開平6−182713では、原料用丸竹を強制的に展開した板が乾燥等の状態の変化で反りや戻り曲がり現象の発生の防止技術が、本願の出願人の先願である特開平6−320504では、原料用丸竹を半割り等でなく丸の儘で内外の節と表皮を除去し、その後に縦方向に切込みをいれ加熱しながら順次内外から加圧して展開し板状とする技術について開示されている。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の先願のなかで、外側加工に関して具体的に開示されている先行技術は2件であり、その一つは特開平4−67902で、それは半割りの原料用丸竹を主軸の中空部分に通しながら移動させ、回転する主軸外側に取り付けた刃物によって節と外皮の除去をする方法で、他の一つは特開平6−320504に述べられた、原料用丸竹を回転しながら原料用丸竹の外側に配置した円周方向に伸縮可能な切削刃物により節と外皮の除去をする方法である。
【0010】
確かに、原料用丸竹の形状が断面に於いて限り無く円に近く、長手方向に於いて限り無く直線に近い製材に適した木材のような形状では、先行技術に開示された方法でも加工可能であるが、原料用丸竹の一般的な形状は、図1に示すように中空で断面形状が根基部分において不揃いが多く、変形を伴い歪んで楕円形であることも多く、長手方向に於いて多少とも曲がりを有し外径の縮小を伴う場合が殆どで、半割り材としても外面形状の制限から板厚の有効採取を伴った長尺加工をおこなうことが不可能である。
【0011】
間伐と枝打ちが充分に実施された木材では、原木の断面は円に近くまた長手方向にたいする直線性もよく、また多数の原木に形状の類似性がみられるので、原木を固定し刃物を回転しながら移動したり、刃物を固定し原木を回転しながら移動させたりする方法等により外側加工が容易である。然し、このような設備を用いて原料用丸竹の外側を刃物で加工することは、原料用丸竹の反りを矯正しても原料用丸竹の断面形状によっては必要以上に外皮を削り取り効率の良い板材採取をすることが難しい。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は竹が成長の過程で、異常に変形したり反りを伴って加工に供しえない原料用丸竹を除き、後日加工前に長手方向の真直度を改善するために、加熱浴等で加熱し矯正を施こす対象である多少の反りを持った原料用丸竹を含めて、伐採後に枝を落とし長さをまとめたあと、日を置かずにまたは水封して未乾燥状態で入手した原料用丸竹を半割り等に加工せずに、その儘の姿で外面の節と外皮を連続して除去し平滑な面を形成する外面加工に係る方法と装置を提供する。
【0013】
本発明は最大長さ4m、好ましくは長さ2mの外径が60〜160mmまでの原料用丸竹を対象とする。原料用丸竹の断面形状が長手方向にたいし根基側に相当する端から他端である先端に至る全長で、その平均的直径の最大/最小の違いが最大直径に対して−5〜−15%の範囲、長手方向の中央部分で計測した反りが長さ2mに対して4〜6%の範囲のものを矯正無しで、またそれ以上は取扱いが可能な範囲のものを矯正して加工の対象としたものである。
【0014】
本発明の態様は、外面加工装置が供給設備と加工設備と排出設備の三つからなり、加工設備の前後設備は、対称的な位置関係であることを除けば略同様な構造を有している。前記三部分の各フレーム上には、原料用丸竹を下側から少なくとも一ケ所以上で支持するローラが設けられている。前記支持ローラは加工設備を除き、一組単位で使用され、前記支持ローラの直径は140〜160mmの範囲で好ましくは150mmである。一組単位の前記支持ローラの軸間距離は、ローラ直径+5〜15mmの範囲で好ましくは10mmである。
【0015】
加工設備での支持ローラは、原料用丸竹の表面を加工するために切削帯側に相当する位置にはなく、外側部分にのみ設置され加工時の原料用丸竹の逃げを防止する役目も兼ね備える。原料用丸竹の前記支持ローラは、全て旋回軸を持つ二また軸受の回転軸に回動可能に支承され、供給・加工・排出の各設備の少なくとも一ケ所以上の前記支持ローラは、回転数が18〜180rpmの範囲で動かされる。駆動方式としては前記支持ローラ毎に併設した従動プーリと、前記各設備のフレーム下に連通して配置された駆動軸に、前記従動プーリに対応するように設けた駆動プーリとの間にタイミングベルト等を渡し減速機付きの動力源により駆動する。
【0016】
各設備の支持ローラに乗せられた原料用丸竹は、順次回転しながら移動する必要性がある。然し、前記支持ローラによって表面駆動され回転はするが、前記支持ローラが原料用丸竹の長手方向に直交するように配置された儘では前進しない。従って、前記支持ローラを3〜10度の範囲で、好ましくは5〜8度で旋回軸廻りに旋回させると、原料用丸竹は進行すべき方向に推進力を得て、推進速度は0.5〜2.0m/minの範囲で移動を開始する。旋回角の選択は前記支持ローラ上の原料用丸竹の寸法と表面状態により、例えば、節のある部分とない部分等で判断されて手動または自動で処置される。
【0017】
旋回角は、構造的に一組の支持ローラの旋回軸毎に平歯車を取り付け中間に遊動歯車を挿入した歯車列を使用し、前記旋回軸用歯車の一つを回転させれば容易に前記支持ローラは同方向に同時に旋回できる。従って、このような前記歯車列を一組もしくは一個の前記支持ローラ全てに設置し、前記歯車列の各々の駆動側歯車を連動する旋回機構を付与すればよい。前記旋回機構は、前記支持ローラの回転軸の全てを同時に回動する機構とは独立して動作する。
【0018】
そして供給設備と排出設備に位置する各一組の支持ローラが、その一組の回転軸間に相当する距離を一辺として、原料用丸竹を挟み込むようにした二等辺三角形の交点に相当する位置に、シリンダーピストン先端で旋回する軸受に回動自在に支承した押さえローラを配置し、前記押さえローラは各部分のフレーム上に取り付けた支柱上に固定したシリンダーにより、加圧されると共に上下方向に動かされ、加工設備の中央では一個の支持ローラとシリンダーピストン先端で旋回する軸受に支承された押さえローラと加工設備の切削帯とにより支持される。
【0019】
支持ローラと押さえローラは共に原料用丸竹との接触面で、スリップせず確実に接触を維持するため弾性はあるが変形量が僅かな材質が使用される。従って、原料用丸竹は三個のローラにより圧接されて支持を受け、原料用丸竹が変形していても円滑に回転し次の部分に移動し、原料用丸竹は切削帯と確実に接触する事ができる。前記押さえローラの支持部分は回動自在のため、原料用丸竹の長手方向の移動に支障を来すことはない。
【0020】
この際、押さえロールのない供給設備の前半、排出設備の後半に配置された支持ローラと原料用丸竹の外面は、原料用丸竹の形状によって常に接触しているとは限らず、前記支持ローラの何れかまたは全てと、原料用丸竹の一回転中に全く接触しない状態が存在するし、また全ての三点支持装置では必ず原料用丸竹を三点支持しているとは限らないが、必ず二点で支持し原料用丸竹の蛇行を制限するので、切削加工への影響を最小限に止める。
【0021】
切削帯が原料用丸竹に接触し加工する際、原料用丸竹の断面形状の真円度に起因する接触圧力の不均一が、原料用丸竹の切削面に及ぼす影響を緩和するために、前記切削帯を内蔵する加工ヘッドフレームの内に緩衝用バネが使用され、加工圧力の変動に対応して原料用丸竹に対し前記加工ヘッドフレームが前後に摺動できるよう構成しているので、切削作業への原料用丸竹の形状による蛇行の影響が解消されて支障を来すことはない。
【0022】
供給設備を出た原料用丸竹は、加工設備に入り節と表皮部分の削除が行われるが、削除のために固定した切削工具を用いると、断面が一様でない原料用丸竹の場合は切削工具が原料用丸竹の表面に合わせて、常にフレキシブルに前後進しなければ、過剰に切削が進み効果的な厚みの竹板を得ることができず、そのうえ太い繊維束を有する竹では、切削工具の形状や原料用丸竹の回転速度等の兼ね合いが複雑で平滑な加工面を得ることが難しいために、本発明では、サンドペーパーのベースを強化してエンドレス状とした平ベルト状の切削帯が使用される。
【0023】
平ベルト状の切削帯は、原料用丸竹の外面に接し長手方向に直交するように垂直に配置された駆動と非駆動の二つのプーリ間に渡されて使用される。そして一組のプーリを内蔵した加工ヘッドは、加工対象である原料用丸竹にたいして直角に、接近又は離脱が可能なるよう水平方向に移動するための微動調整手段がついている。前記加工ヘッドが原料用丸竹表面への接近の程度をしるために、前記加工ヘッドの周辺に設置した探査ローラ付き接触形位置センサーにより、位置を検出し前記加工ヘッドが繰り出される。前記センサーは非接触形でもよいが前記接触形のタイプが簡単で信頼性も高い。
【0024】
原料用丸竹は回転しながら切削帯面に触れ切削される。前記切削帯は緊張されているとはいえ多少の弾力性があるために、原料用丸竹の一様でない断面形状に対してもよく対応して、過剰に食込むことなく切削し平滑な外面に仕上げる。この際、原料用丸竹と前記切削帯が接する部分での各々の回転と移動方向は、原料用丸竹の加工時の跳ね上がりを防止するために共に上から下方向が採用されるが、原料用丸竹の固定が十分であるときは前記回転方向とは逆であってもよい。
【0025】
切削帯の回転方向にたいして、原料用丸竹の回転方向は切削帯と同方向で、その回転速度は断面形状が一様に近いときは速く、そうでないときは遅くして切削むらを無くし、逆回転すれば切削量を増やすことができるので、駆動ローラは正逆転できることが望ましい。また前記切削帯の回転の際に前記切削帯の加工側が常に緊張状態にあるように駆動プーリの位置を選択する必要がある。その理由は加工側が常に弛緩状態にあると前記切削帯の弾力性が乏しく、加工面の面圧が変動し易いからである。したがつて、二つのプーリの何方も任意に切り換えて駆動できる構造であることが望ましい。
【0026】
本発明になる加工設備で使用される加工ヘツドの切削帯は、回転速度が15〜35m/minの範囲とし好ましくは20〜30m/min、幅方向に120〜250mmの範囲とし好ましくは150〜200mm、砥粒の粒度は30〜80メッシュの範囲とし好ましくは40〜60メッシュが選択使用される。この供給設備と加工設備と後述の排出設備からなる加工設備の加工能力は、原料用丸竹の断面形状等の変形度合いを考慮し平均直径で60〜160mmの範囲である。
【0027】
原料用丸竹の先端部分が供給設備から加工設備へ順次送り込まれて、節と表皮の切削加工が終了した外面加工材は排出設備に順次移動するが、この部分では加工対象である原料用丸竹の後半部分から終端にかけての切削加工が、円滑に進むために既に切削加工が終了した外面加工材を支持する役割を受け持つので、形状的には前半の供給設備と構造並びに配置が対称的な関係である点を除けば略同じ内容である。
【0028】
尚、原料用丸竹ないしは部分的に外面加工完了材を下面から支え移動させる支持ローラは、各々の部分での原料用丸竹ないしは外面加工完了材の外径が長手方向に、僅かづつ小さくまたは太くなってゆくので円周長に差が生じ、外面加工完了部分を含めた原料用丸竹が複数の支持ローラに跨がるときは、前記支持ローラの回転が全て均一では、部分的にスリップすることになり加工材表面または前記支持ローラ表面を傷つけることになるので、前記支持ローラに直接内蔵するか、または前記支持ローラ個々の駆動部分に過剰回転力をスリップ等の形で吸収する機構を組み込んでおくことがこのましい。
【0029】
本発明になる内面加工装置の第二の態様は、装置内での支持ローラの駆動と旋回の手段として、前記支持ローラの回転軸を順次ユニバーサルジョイントで接続連接し、回転動力を一端から他端へ伝える構造としたものである。然し、動力伝達機構のかなりの部分がフレーム上に存在することになり、安全等の面からはカバーを別途に必要とする等、上部構造が複雑になるので前記支持ローラの旋回手段をリンク機構としてフレーム下面に構成する。
【0030】
本発明になる加工設備の第三の態様は、装置内での支持ローラの駆動方法として、前記支持ローラの駆動力にそれ程大きい容量が必要ではないので、個々に前記支持ローラの回転軸に直接小型の独立動力源を装着し駆動する。この手段では前記支持ローラ個々との間に同期運転をする必要があり制御部分の複雑化は避けられないが、連接した駆動軸等が使用されないので、装置の機構部分は単純化し保守保全の作業が楽になる。
【0031】
本発明に示した実施例は、共通した部分の説明は極力省略したので、若い番号での実施例を参照されたい。また、各実施例に示した各部分の構造は相互に組合せ使用できることは当然である。
【0032】
【作用】
本発明は、供給設備・加工設備・排出設備の三つからなる外面加工装置に、原料用丸竹を導入して、原料用丸竹の下側と上側をそれぞれ支持ローラと押さえローラとからなる三点支持により位置決めし、前期支持ローラをやや旋回して駆動回転することにより、原料用丸竹を回転しながら同時に希望方向に移動させ、ベルト状に構成され回転する緊張側の切削帯を原料用丸竹に押しつけて、切削帯の弾力と加工ヘッドフレムの内に設けた緩衝用バネの弾力の相乗効果により原料用丸竹の表面を過剰切削することなく加工する。この方法により断面が一様でなく長手方向に反りのある原料用丸竹でも、その外面を平滑に加工することが可能である。
【0033】
【実施例1】
図2は、本発明になる外面加工装置2の正面図、図3は上面図を夫々示している。外面加工装置2は供給設備3・加工設備4・排出設備5からなり、加工設備4には加工ヘッド6が装着されている。3,4,5各部分のフレーム7,8,9は高さが一様で長手方向に接続されている。然し、フレーム8の幅方向寸法は、加工ヘッド6のフレーム8に対し矢印方向に示した移動を見込んで内側が大きく切り込まれている。また排出設備のフレーム9側面に制御盤10が組み込まれている。
【0034】
連結されたフレーム7,8,9上には、前記各フレーム上に少なくとも1ケ所以上は、一組の直径150mmの支持ローラ11が中心間隔160mmで並び原料用丸竹を支持するが、フレーム7上では支持ローラ11は単体で使用される。支持ローラ11は、図4,5に示すように、ホイル12の外周上に表面が硬めのゴムまたは合成樹脂製のライニング13が施され、支持ローラ11の回転力を原料用丸竹1に伝えるので、原料用丸竹1はライニング13面と原料用丸竹1表面との接触により面駆動されて、一様でない断面形状による周速度の不均一の問題を緩和する。
【0035】
支持ローラ11はホイル12の両端に突き出すように回転軸14がつき、二また軸受16に装着された軸受材15で回動可能に支承される。軸受材16から外に伸びた回転軸14の上に従動プーリ17が装着される。二また軸受16の底部分に旋回軸18が付き、フレーム7,8,9上に設けられた軸受19の回りに回動可能に抜止めと共に挿入されている。支持ローラ11は原料用丸竹1に矢印方向の回転力と推進力を与える必要があり、フレーム7の内面を軸受21に支持された駆動軸22がフレーム8,9内も連通し、従動プーリ17に対応する位置の駆動軸22上に、駆動プーリ23を設けタイミングベルト24を介して従動プーリ17を回転する。
【0036】
外面加工装置2のフレーム7,8,9上に配置された支持ローラ11の回転数は、18〜180rpmの範囲が使用される。然し、原料用丸竹1の長手方向の外径が順次微減または微増して、長手方向の接する位置により外周長が異なるために、前記支持ローラ11全てが同一速度で回転されると、原料用丸竹1は位置毎で周速度が異なるために、前記支持ローラ11と原料用丸竹1の接触面でスリップする現象が起こり易く、特に原料用丸竹1の表面仕上がりを重視する場合は、従動プーリ17または駆動プーリ23内に、摩擦板等のスリップ吸収機構(図示せず)を入れておき、部分的に過剰なトルクが原料用丸竹1に加わらぬようにするのが望ましい。
【0037】
支持ローラ11が、原料用丸竹の長手方向に直角に接し回転するだけでは、原料用丸竹を移動する事が出来ない。従って、支持ローラ11の回転力が原料用丸竹を移動させるための推進力を生むためには、図5に示したように、支持ローラ11の旋回軸18を、フレーム7,8,9上に設けた軸受19の回りに僅かに右に旋回すると、支持ローラ11は回転力の分力として推進力を得る。この旋回角度は5〜8度の範囲が好ましく、この時の推進速度は0.5〜2.0m/minの範囲が使用される。
【0038】
上述の旋回角度は、二また軸受16底部の旋回軸18に挿入され、二また軸受16の底に取り付けた円周上の一部分に平歯を反対側の円周上の一部分にネジを各々刻んで形成したウオームホイル25が、ウオーム26と噛合うように配置される。一組を構成する隣りの支持ローラ11にも同様にして平歯のみが刻まれた歯車27を取付け、中間に一組の支持ローラ11を同方向に旋回させるために、軸受28で支承した小平歯車が29が挿入されている。ウオーム26は順次軸受30で支承した軸31に連接され、フレーム端上に取り付けたハンドル32が回転すると、支持ローラ11全てが同時に同角度旋回する。
【0039】
図2,3,6に示すように、供給設備3・加工設備4・排出設備5に夫々設置された支持ローラ11には、少なくとも一ケ所以上で原料用丸竹1を、上方から押さえるためにゴムライニングを施した押さえローラ36が、フレーム7,8,9上から延びる支柱37上に固定したシリンダー38の先端につけた、二また軸受39の回転軸40に支承されシリンダーピストン41先端の回りに回動自在に設置されている。その結果、反りを持ち断面形状が一様でない原料用丸竹1を、シリンダー38の推力により押さえローラ36で押さえ、原料用丸竹1が回転と加工のさい受ける反動(跳ね上がり)を防止して円滑な加工をなさしめる。
【0040】
供給設備3を通過した原料用丸竹は、加工設備4に入り加工ヘッド6に達すると原料用丸竹1の表面は切削される。図6に示すように、加工ヘッド6は上下に配置した従動平プーリ42と駆動平プーリ43の間には、エンドレスで幅150mmの平ベルト状とした40〜60メッシュの砥粒からなる切削帯44が掛けられ、加工ヘッドフレーム45の軸受に支承され、駆動平プーリ43はベルト46を介して可変速駆動源47につながれ、周速度20〜30m/minの範囲で回転する。周速度の設定は原料用丸竹1の状態と加工条件により決められる。
【0041】
42と43のプーリ間に掛けられた切削帯44は、上から下へ向かうように移動し、同様に原料用丸竹1も切削帯44の移動方向と同じ方向(内側回転)に回転するように使用されるが、これは原料用丸竹1が回転による跳ね上がり等がなく、安定した状態で表面を切削させるためである。然し、原料用丸竹1が充分に固定されている場合は切削帯44は前記回転方向とは逆でもよいし、また原料用丸竹1の回転方向も前記回転方向とは逆であってもよい。
【0042】
切削帯44の原料用丸竹1との接触面側は、常に緊張状態にあるよう駆動平プーリ43の回転方向を選択することが好ましい。この理由は原料用丸竹1の加工面が断面形状が一様でない時また節のある部分と無い部分とでは、切削帯44の当たり方が当然異なり加工量も異なるので、切削帯44と接した時に切削帯44の接触面側に弾力性が有ると、原料用丸竹1の移動速度の調整とにより加工面を過剰に切削することなく好ましい加工面を与える。逆に切削帯44の原料用丸竹1との接触面側が、常に弛緩側にあると切削帯44の接触面側の弾力性が失われ、切削帯44の伸びの影響を受けて好ましくなく、加工ヘッド6には切削帯44の伸びを吸収できる機構48(図2,3参照、詳細図示せず)が付属する。
【0043】
図6に示すように、加工ヘッド6を構成する加工ヘッドフレーム45は、切削帯44の受ける圧力の変化に追従するように緩衝バネ49がくみこまれている。加工設備4のフレーム8に対し直角に加工ヘッドフレーム45が摺動台50上に乗り、摺動台50はベッド51上にあって矢印方向に移動できるように、摺動台50上に開けたネジ穴52とベッド51の側面の軸受53に回動自在に取り付けた調整ネジ54と螺合し、ハンドル55の回転によって移動される。この移動操作は手動でもよいが切削ゲージの出力を利用した制御回路と動力源の組合せで自動操作することも可能である。
【0044】
図7に示すように、回転移動する原料用丸竹1が切削帯44に接近すると、原料用丸竹1の加工面と切削帯44の位置関係は、加工ヘッド6の入口側で、原料用丸竹1の外面に接するように設置した切削ゲージ56で検出する。切削ゲージ56は、探査ローラ57を先端に持つレバー58がピン59の回りに回動自在とし、その動きを支持盤60上に指すことにより表示する。その他にも電気・電子の単独か合成手段がある。また加工ヘッド6の出口側にも切削ゲージ56を設置すると加工前後の状況が確認でき、加工量・仕上度等を知ることができる。
【0045】
加工設備での切削加工が終了した原料用丸竹1の外面加工部分は、支持ローラ11の回転により移動し順次排出設備5へ送り出されるが、排出設備5の形状は供給設備3と対称的な配置関係にある以外は、機能的・構造的にも略同型であるので説明を省略する。また加工装置2の主駆動系統は、大別すると原料用丸竹1の回転と移動用駆動系統と、切削帯44の回転用駆動系統とに別れ、夫々単独で使用され、インバーター制御を行って変速範囲を広くとっている。
【0046】
【実施例2】
図8は、支持ローラ61の駆動手段の別の態様を示した。支持ローラ61は二また軸受62の軸受材上で回転軸63によりで回動自在に支持され、下面の旋回軸65は軸受66に支持されている。この回転軸63の端をユニバーサルジョイント64により順次連結して回転力を伝えることにより全体を駆動するものである。この手段でも過剰トルクの吸収機構を支持ローラ61に内蔵しておくのが好ましく、またこの駆動手段ではユニバーサルジョイント64が露出し危険なので安全上カバー等で覆い隠す必要がある。
【0047】
図9は、支持ローラ61に推進力を与えるための旋回手段としてリンク機構がついている。二また軸受62の下面の旋回軸65は軸受66に支持されている点は実施例1と同じであるが、旋回軸65の先端に支持ローラ61の回転軸64に対してやや角度を以つレバー67が固定されて、その先端孔68に通したリーマボルト69によりリンク70,71が滑合可能に止められて、縦横に位置する支持ローラ61全てに均等に傾斜角度を伝える。従って、レバー72の上に取付けた抜止付ナット73と螺合するハンドル75付きの調節ネジ74を回転して、矢印方向に動かし容易に設定することが出来る。
【0048】
【実施例3】
図10は、支持ローラ61の駆動手段のさらに別の態様を示した。支持ローラ61の回転軸に直接可変速度の小型ギヤードモータ76を取付けて駆動する。この手段は構造上もっとも単純化されて好ましいが、駆動源が多数となり制御回路がやや複雑になる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明による外面加工設備の使用ににより次の効果を得た。
▲1▼枝打ちし一定の長さとした断面形状が一様でなく、全長にわたり徐々に外径が縮小し反りのある原料用丸竹を、その儘の状態で加工が可能になった。
▲2▼原料用丸竹の外周に間隔を於いて突出する節と外皮の部分を、長手方向に連続して切削できた。
▲3▼切削帯の使用により、断面形状の一様でない原料用丸竹の表面を、過剰加工することなく断面形状に沿い平滑なる外面加工ができた。
▲4▼ベルト状の切削帯の回転方向を含んだ加工速度と切削粒度・原料用丸竹の回転方向を含んだ加工表面速度・移動速度の相互関係の組合せが任意に採れ、原料用丸竹の外面を様々の加工状態に仕上げることができた。
▲5▼節取りや半割りの手間がなくなった。
▲6▼原料用丸竹の加工速度を早めることができた。
▲7▼原料用丸竹の加工表面速度を一様にできた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 加工対象となる原料用丸竹の形状を示す鳥瞰図である。
【図2】 実施例1に示した本発明になる外面加工装置の正面図である。
【図3】 図2の外面加工装置の上面図である。
【図4】 図2の支持ローラの旋回と駆動機構の一部断面を含む側面図である。
【図5】 図4のA−A断面に沿った支持ローラの旋回と駆動機構の断面図である。
【図6】 図2の切削帯を装備した加工ヘッドの側面図である。
【図7】 切削ゲージの側面図である。
【図8】 実施例2によるユニバーサルジョイントによる駆動機構の側面図である。
【図9】 図8のC矢視によるリンク旋回機構の配置図である。
【図10】 実施例3による独立駆動源付の支持ローラの側面図である。
【符号の説明】
2 外面加工装置
3,4,5 供給設備.加工設備.排出設備
6 加工ヘッド
7,8,9 供給.加工.排出の各フレーム
11,61 支持ローラ
25,26 ウオームホイル,ウオーム
27,29 歯車.小歯車
36 押さえローラ
42,43,44 駆動平プーリ,従動平プーリ,切削帯
56 切削ゲージ
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
In order to produce a plate material as a raw material from raw bamboo, it goes through the following four basic processes.
(1) Outer surface processing that smoothes off the outer nodes and shells of the raw material bamboo.
(2) Inner surface processing by smoothing the partition wall and inner surface of the node part of the inner surface of the raw bamboo.
(3) Hot bath equipment for degreasing.
(4) Unfolding process by pressing the raw material bamboo into a flat shape while passing through a heating furnace.
[0002]
The present invention relates to part (1) of the process described in [0001] above. When producing a flat plate by effectively deploying the raw material bamboo, the outer surface of the raw material round bamboo, which is a process, and the node portion protruding at an interval are used as a whole. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining a smooth outer surface by cutting and removing continuously in the longitudinal direction.
[Prior art]
[0003]
With the improvement of living standards, the amount of materials consumed by humans has increased dramatically. In particular, wood has come in handy as an indispensable raw material, and now the world is worried about its depletion. As we all know, timber cannot be obtained without a great deal of time and effort in reproduction, and timber exporting countries have come to put a strict hold on deforestation to export raw wood.
[0004]
Such a phenomenon means that Japan, which imports a large amount of timber, breaks down the stable supply route of raw wood, and it is extremely important to develop various alternatives and secure absolute quantities. As one of the alternatives, bamboo is taken up as a raw material that has a short growth period and high strength and can be easily obtained in and out of the country, and various studies have been conducted on its use.
[0005]
There are various forms of use, but the so-called bamboo board that expands the cylindrical material into a flat plate shape is used to increase the added value by making the most effective use of the raw material bamboo, and to produce in large quantities. Is commercialization. The following applications are related to the prior art related to the commercialization of bamboo board. JP-B-36-794, JP-A-59-48103, JP-A-62-90202, JP-A-1-294003, JP-A-4-67902, JP-A-6-182712, JP-A-6-182713, JP-A-6-320504, etc. In each application, the gist is as follows.
[0006]
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 36-794, the raw material round bamboo obtained by cutting the middle section of the raw material round bamboo into a vertical oil layer is heated in a constant temperature oil layer, one end is fixed and the other end is pressed and developed with a roller. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-48103, a technique for forming a plate is a technique in which a large number of cuts are made in the circumferential direction of the inner surface of a hollow cylinder of raw material bamboo and then cut into a vertical direction to be developed into an insulator. However, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 62-90202, a raw material bamboo that has been cut vertically is placed in a heating bath, and the cut portion is gradually developed with a wedge-shaped spreading jig to form a plate shape. Is disclosed.
[0007]
In JP-A-1-294003, a technique for regulating both ends so that the inside of the half-moon-shaped raw material bamboo is not stretched when the half-moon-shaped raw material-made bamboo is pressed from both sides to form a plate shape is disclosed in JP-A-4-294003. In 67902, there is a technology in which raw material bamboo divided into half or more is continuously made into a plate shape with a rolling feed roll while passing through a cassette type high-frequency heating furnace in addition to removal of nodes and inner and outer skins. JP-A-6-182712 discloses a technique of a batch-type electric furnace in which a large number of half-bamboo bamboo materials are arranged in the longitudinal direction by pressure forming and formed into a plate shape by cassette electrodes.
[0008]
Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-182713, a technique for preventing the occurrence of warping or a return bending phenomenon due to a change in a state such as drying of a plate on which raw material bamboo is unfolded is a prior application of the present applicant. 6-320504 removes the inner and outer nodes and skins with a round spade instead of halving the raw material bamboo, then cuts it in the vertical direction and pressurizes it from the inside and outside in order to develop it into a plate shape. The technology to do is disclosed.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the above-mentioned prior applications, there are two prior arts specifically disclosed for the outer processing, one of which is Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-67902, which is a halved raw material round bamboo with a hollow portion of the main shaft. This is a method of removing the knot and the outer shell with a blade attached to the outside of the rotating spindle, and the other is described in JP-A-6-320504. This is a method of removing nodes and outer skins with a cutting blade which is arranged on the outside of a round bamboo and can be expanded and contracted in the circumferential direction.
[0010]
Certainly, the shape of the raw bamboo is close to a circle in the cross section and close to a straight line in the longitudinal direction, and it is processed by the method disclosed in the prior art. Although it is possible, as shown in FIG. 1, the general shape of the round bamboo for raw materials is hollow and the cross-sectional shape is often uneven at the root portion, and is often distorted and elliptical with deformation. In most cases, however, it is slightly bent and accompanied by a reduction in the outer diameter, and it is impossible to perform a long process with effective sampling of the plate thickness due to the limitation of the outer surface shape even as a half-cut material.
[0011]
In wood that has been thinned and pruned sufficiently, the cross-section of the raw wood is close to a circle and has good linearity in the longitudinal direction, and many raw woods are similar in shape, so the raw wood is fixed and the cutter is rotated. The outer processing can be easily performed by a method of moving while moving or fixing the blade and moving the log while rotating. However, using such equipment to process the outer side of the raw material bamboo with a blade, even if the raw material's raw material is corrected, it cuts off the outer shell more than necessary, depending on the cross-sectional shape of the raw material material. It is difficult to collect good plate materials.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in the process of growth of bamboo, except for raw round bamboo that cannot be processed abnormally or warped, in order to improve the straightness in the longitudinal direction before processing at a later date, Including raw material bamboo with some warping that is subject to heating and correction, after collecting branches and summing the length after cutting, get it in a dry state without leaving the sun or water sealing There is provided a method and apparatus for external surface processing that forms a smooth surface by continuously removing the outer surface nodes and the outer skin in the form of a ridge without processing the raw material round bamboo into half.
[0013]
The present invention is directed to a raw material bamboo having a maximum length of 4 m, preferably a length of 2 m and an outer diameter of 60 to 160 mm. The cross-sectional shape of the raw round bamboo is the total length from the end corresponding to the base side to the tip in the longitudinal direction, and the maximum / minimum difference in average diameter is -5 to- 15% range, warp measured at the central part in the longitudinal direction is in the range of 4-6% with respect to 2m length without correction, and more than that, it can be handled by correcting the range that can be handled It is intended for.
[0014]
In the aspect of the present invention, the outer surface processing apparatus is composed of a supply facility, a processing facility, and a discharge facility, and the front and rear facilities of the processing facility have substantially the same structure except that they have a symmetrical positional relationship. Yes. On each of the three parts of the frame, there are provided rollers for supporting the raw material bamboo from at least one place from the lower side. The support roller is used as a unit except for processing equipment, and the diameter of the support roller is in the range of 140 to 160 mm, preferably 150 mm. The distance between the axes of the supporting rollers in a set unit is preferably 10 mm in the range of the roller diameter +5 to 15 mm.
[0015]
The support roller in the processing equipment is not located at the position corresponding to the cutting strip side to process the surface of the raw material bamboo, and it is installed only on the outer part and also serves to prevent the raw material bamboo from escaping during processing. Have both. The support rollers for the raw material round bamboo are all rotatably supported by a rotary shaft of a two-bearing bearing having a turning shaft, and at least one of the supporting rollers in each of the supply / processing / discharge facilities has a rotational speed. Is moved in the range of 18-180 rpm. As a drive system, a timing belt is provided between a driven pulley provided for each of the support rollers and a drive pulley provided on a drive shaft arranged to communicate with the driven pulley on a drive shaft arranged in communication under the frame of each facility. Etc. are driven by a power source with a reduction gear.
[0016]
The raw material round bamboo placed on the support roller of each facility needs to move while rotating sequentially. However, although the surface is driven and rotated by the support roller, the support roller does not move forward with the rod arranged so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the raw material bamboo. Therefore, when the support roller is swung around the swivel axis in the range of 3 to 10 degrees, preferably 5 to 8 degrees, the raw material round bamboo obtains a propulsive force in the direction to travel, and the propulsion speed is 0. The movement is started in the range of 5 to 2.0 m / min. The selection of the swivel angle is made manually or automatically, for example, based on the dimensions and surface condition of the raw material bamboo on the support roller, based on whether or not there is a node.
[0017]
The swivel angle can be easily obtained by using a gear train in which a spur gear is attached to each swivel shaft of a set of support rollers and an idle gear is inserted in the middle, and one of the swivel gears is rotated. The support rollers can rotate simultaneously in the same direction. Therefore, such a gear train may be installed on one set or all of the support rollers, and a turning mechanism for interlocking each drive side gear of the gear train may be provided. The turning mechanism operates independently of a mechanism that simultaneously turns all of the rotation shafts of the support rollers.
[0018]
Each pair of support rollers located in the supply facility and the discharge facility corresponds to the intersection of isosceles triangles that sandwich the raw material bamboo, with the distance corresponding to the pair of rotating shafts as one side. In addition, a pressing roller supported rotatably on a bearing that rotates at the tip of the cylinder piston is arranged, and the pressing roller is pressurized and vertically moved by a cylinder fixed on a column attached to the frame of each part. At the center of the processing equipment, it is supported by a single support roller, a pressing roller supported by a bearing that rotates at the tip of the cylinder piston, and a cutting band of the processing equipment.
[0019]
Both the support roller and the pressing roller are contact surfaces with the raw material bamboo, and a material that is elastic but has a small amount of deformation is used to reliably maintain contact without slipping. Therefore, the raw material bamboo is pressed and supported by three rollers, and even if the raw material bamboo is deformed, it smoothly rotates and moves to the next part. You can touch. Since the supporting part of the pressing roller is rotatable, it does not hinder the movement of the raw material bamboo in the longitudinal direction.
[0020]
At this time, the support roller arranged in the first half of the supply facility without the press roll and the second half of the discharge facility and the outer surface of the raw material bamboo are not always in contact with each other depending on the shape of the raw material circular bamboo. There is a state in which any or all of the rollers do not contact at all during one rotation of the raw material bamboo, and not all three-point support devices always support the raw material bamboo. However, since it always supports at two points and restricts the meandering of the raw round bamboo, the influence on the cutting process is minimized.
[0021]
To alleviate the influence of non-uniform contact pressure on the cutting surface of the raw round bamboo when the cutting strip contacts the raw round bamboo for processing. Since the buffer spring is used in the machining head frame incorporating the cutting band, the machining head frame can slide back and forth with respect to the raw material round bamboo in response to fluctuations in machining pressure. The effect of meandering due to the shape of the round bamboo for raw material on the cutting work is eliminated, and there is no problem.
[0022]
The raw material bamboo taken out from the supply equipment enters the processing equipment and the knot and the skin part are deleted, but if the cutting tool fixed for the deletion is used, If the cutting tool does not always move back and forth flexibly according to the surface of the raw material round bamboo, it will not be possible to obtain a bamboo plate with an effective thickness due to excessive cutting, and in addition to bamboo with thick fiber bundles, In the present invention, it is difficult to obtain a smooth processed surface due to the complicated balance between the shape of the cutting tool and the rotation speed of the raw material bamboo, etc. A cutting strip is used.
[0023]
The flat belt-shaped cutting strip is used by passing between two driven and non-driven pulleys that are in contact with the outer surface of the raw material round bamboo and are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The processing head incorporating a set of pulleys is provided with fine adjustment means for moving in a horizontal direction so as to be able to approach or disengage at right angles to the raw material round bamboo to be processed. In order for the processing head to approach the surface of the raw material round bamboo, the position is detected by a contact-type position sensor with a search roller installed around the processing head, and the processing head is fed out. The sensor may be a non-contact type, but the contact type is simple and reliable.
[0024]
The raw material round bamboo is cut by touching the cutting surface while rotating. The cutting band is somewhat elastic even though it is tensioned, so it corresponds well to the non-uniform cross-sectional shape of raw material bamboo, and it cuts without excessive biting and has a smooth outer surface Finish. At this time, the rotation and movement directions at the portion where the raw material bamboo and the cutting strip are in contact with each other are both from the top to the bottom in order to prevent jumping during processing of the raw material bamboo. When the round bamboo is sufficiently fixed, the rotation direction may be reversed.
[0025]
The rotation direction of the raw material bamboo is the same as that of the cutting band, and the rotation speed is high when the cross-sectional shape is nearly uniform, and slow when not so as to eliminate cutting unevenness and reverse. Since the amount of cutting can be increased by rotating, it is desirable that the drive roller can be rotated forward and backward. Further, it is necessary to select the position of the drive pulley so that the machining side of the cutting band is always in tension when the cutting band rotates. The reason is that if the machining side is always in a relaxed state, the cutting band has poor elasticity and the surface pressure of the machined surface tends to fluctuate. Therefore, it is desirable that either of the two pulleys can be arbitrarily switched and driven.
[0026]
The cutting band of the processing head used in the processing equipment according to the present invention has a rotational speed in the range of 15 to 35 m / min, preferably 20 to 30 m / min, and in the range of 120 to 250 mm in the width direction, preferably 150 to 200 mm. The grain size of the abrasive grains is in the range of 30 to 80 mesh, and preferably 40 to 60 mesh is selected and used. The processing capacity of the processing equipment including the supply equipment, the processing equipment, and the discharge equipment described below is in the range of 60 to 160 mm in average diameter in consideration of the degree of deformation such as the cross-sectional shape of the raw round bamboo.
[0027]
The tip of the round bamboo for raw materials is sequentially fed from the supply equipment to the processing equipment, and the outer surface processed material that has finished cutting of the nodes and the skin is moved to the discharge equipment in sequence. Since the cutting process from the latter half of the bamboo to the end of the bamboo plays a role in supporting the outer surface processed material that has already been cut in order to proceed smoothly, the supply equipment, structure and arrangement of the first half are symmetrical in shape. The contents are substantially the same except for the relationship.
[0028]
The support roller for supporting and moving the raw material bamboo or the partially finished outer surface processing material from the lower surface is such that the outer diameter of the raw material circular bamboo material or the outer surface processed material at each portion is slightly smaller in the longitudinal direction or When the raw material round bamboo including the outer surface finished part crosses over multiple support rollers, the rotation of the support rollers is all uniform and partially slips. The surface of the work material or the surface of the support roller is damaged, so that a mechanism that directly incorporates in the support roller or absorbs excessive rotational force in the form of slip or the like in the drive part of each of the support rollers is provided. It is good to include it.
[0029]
The second aspect of the inner surface machining apparatus according to the present invention is a means for driving and turning the support roller in the apparatus, wherein the rotation shafts of the support rollers are sequentially connected and connected by a universal joint, and the rotational power is supplied from one end to the other end. It is structured to convey to. However, a considerable part of the power transmission mechanism is present on the frame, and the upper structure becomes complicated, for example, a separate cover is required from the aspect of safety and the like. As shown in FIG.
[0030]
The third aspect of the processing equipment according to the present invention is that, as the driving method of the supporting roller in the apparatus, a large capacity is not necessary for the driving force of the supporting roller. A small independent power source is installed and driven. In this means, it is necessary to perform synchronous operation with each of the supporting rollers, and the control part is inevitably complicated. However, since the connected drive shaft and the like are not used, the mechanism part of the apparatus is simplified and maintenance work is performed. Becomes easier.
[0031]
In the embodiments shown in the present invention, the description of the common parts is omitted as much as possible, so please refer to the embodiments with the lower numbers. Of course, the structure of each part shown in each embodiment can be used in combination with each other.
[0032]
[Action]
In the present invention, a raw material bamboo is introduced into an outer surface processing apparatus composed of a supply facility, a processing facility, and a discharge facility, and the lower side and the upper side of the raw material bamboo are respectively composed of a support roller and a pressing roller. By positioning by three-point support and rotating and rotating the support roller slightly in the previous period, the raw material bamboo is rotated and simultaneously moved in the desired direction, and the belt-shaped rotating belt is rotated and rotated. The surface of the raw material bamboo is processed without excessive cutting by the synergistic effect of the elasticity of the cutting band and the elasticity of the buffer spring provided in the processing head frame. With this method, the outer surface of the raw bamboo having a non-uniform cross section and a warp in the longitudinal direction can be processed smoothly.
[0033]
[Example 1]
FIG. 2 is a front view of the outer surface processing apparatus 2 according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a top view thereof. The outer surface processing apparatus 2 includes a supply facility 3, a processing facility 4, and a discharge facility 5, and a processing head 6 is attached to the processing facility 4. The frames 7, 8, and 9 of the portions 3, 4, and 5 have a uniform height and are connected in the longitudinal direction. However, the width direction dimension of the frame 8 is greatly cut inward to allow the machining head 6 to move in the direction of the arrow with respect to the frame 8. A control panel 10 is incorporated on the side surface of the frame 9 of the discharge facility.
[0034]
On the connected frames 7, 8, and 9, at least one pair of supporting rollers 11 having a diameter of 150 mm are arranged at a center interval of 160 mm on each frame to support the raw material bamboo. Above, the support roller 11 is used alone. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the support roller 11 is provided with a hard rubber or synthetic resin lining 13 on the outer periphery of the foil 12, and transmits the rotational force of the support roller 11 to the raw material bamboo 1. Therefore, the raw material bamboo 1 is driven by the contact between the surface of the lining 13 and the surface of the raw material bamboo 1 to alleviate the problem of uneven circumferential speed due to the non-uniform cross-sectional shape.
[0035]
The support roller 11 has a rotating shaft 14 so as to protrude from both ends of the foil 12, and is supported rotatably by a bearing member 15 mounted on the bearing 16. A driven pulley 17 is mounted on the rotary shaft 14 extending outward from the bearing material 16. A bifurcated shaft 18 is attached to the bottom portion of the bearing 16 and is inserted together with a retaining member so as to be rotatable around a bearing 19 provided on the frames 7, 8, 9. The support roller 11 needs to give the raw material round bamboo 1 rotational force and propulsive force in the direction of the arrow, and the drive shaft 22 supported by the bearing 21 on the inner surface of the frame 7 also communicates with the inside of the frames 8 and 9. A drive pulley 23 is provided on the drive shaft 22 at a position corresponding to 17, and the driven pulley 17 is rotated via a timing belt 24.
[0036]
A range of 18 to 180 rpm is used for the number of rotations of the support roller 11 disposed on the frames 7, 8, and 9 of the outer surface processing apparatus 2. However, since the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction of the raw material bamboo 1 gradually decreases or slightly increases and the outer peripheral length varies depending on the position in contact with the longitudinal direction, when all the support rollers 11 are rotated at the same speed, Since the circumferential speed of the round bamboo 1 varies depending on the position, a slip phenomenon is likely to occur at the contact surface between the support roller 11 and the raw circular bamboo 1, and particularly when the surface finish of the raw circular bamboo 1 is important. It is desirable to place a slip absorbing mechanism (not shown) such as a friction plate in the driven pulley 17 or the driving pulley 23 so that a partly excessive torque is not applied to the raw material bamboo 1.
[0037]
If the support roller 11 rotates only in contact with the longitudinal direction of the raw material bamboo, the raw material bamboo cannot be moved. Therefore, in order for the rotational force of the support roller 11 to generate a propulsive force for moving the raw material round bamboo, the pivot shaft 18 of the support roller 11 is placed on the frames 7, 8, 9 as shown in FIG. When the support roller 11 turns slightly to the right around the provided bearing 19, the support roller 11 obtains a propulsive force as a component of the rotational force. The turning angle is preferably in the range of 5 to 8 degrees, and the propulsion speed at this time is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 m / min.
[0038]
The above-mentioned swivel angle is inserted into the swivel shaft 18 at the bottom of the bifurcated bearing 16, and a flat tooth is engraved on a part of the circumference attached to the bottom of the bifurcated bearing 16 and a screw is engraved on a part of the opposite circumference. The worm foil 25 formed in the above is arranged so as to mesh with the worm 26. In the same manner, a gear 27 in which only flat teeth are engraved is attached to the adjacent support roller 11 constituting one set, and a small flat supported by a bearing 28 in order to turn the pair of support rollers 11 in the same direction in the middle. A gear 29 is inserted. The worm 26 is sequentially connected to a shaft 31 supported by a bearing 30. When the handle 32 attached on the frame end rotates, all the support rollers 11 simultaneously turn at the same angle.
[0039]
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 6, the support rollers 11 installed in the supply facility 3, the processing facility 4, and the discharge facility 5 are provided to hold the raw material bamboo 1 from above at least one place. A pressing roller 36 with a rubber lining is supported on a rotating shaft 40 of a bifurcated bearing 39 attached to the tip of a cylinder 38 fixed on a support column 37 extending from the frames 7, 8, and 9. It is installed so that it can rotate freely. As a result, the raw material bamboo 1 having a warp and a non-uniform cross-sectional shape is pressed by the pressing roller 36 by the thrust of the cylinder 38 to prevent the raw material bamboo 1 from being rebounded (bounced up) during rotation and processing. Make smooth processing.
[0040]
When the raw material bamboo passed through the supply facility 3 enters the processing equipment 4 and reaches the processing head 6, the surface of the raw material bamboo 1 is cut. As shown in FIG. 6, the machining head 6 has an endless cutting belt made of 40-60 mesh abrasive grains between a driven flat pulley 42 and a driving flat pulley 43 that are endless and have a flat belt shape with a width of 150 mm. 44 is supported by a bearing of the machining head frame 45, and the drive flat pulley 43 is connected to a variable speed drive source 47 via a belt 46 and rotates within a range of a peripheral speed of 20 to 30 m / min. The setting of the peripheral speed is determined by the state of the raw round bamboo 1 and the processing conditions.
[0041]
The cutting band 44 hung between the pulleys 42 and 43 moves from top to bottom, and similarly, the raw material round bamboo 1 also rotates in the same direction (inward rotation) as the moving direction of the cutting band 44. This is because the raw material round bamboo 1 does not jump up due to rotation and the like, and the surface is cut in a stable state. However, when the raw material bamboo 1 is sufficiently fixed, the cutting band 44 may be opposite to the rotation direction, and the rotation direction of the raw material circle bamboo 1 may be opposite to the rotation direction. Good.
[0042]
It is preferable to select the rotation direction of the driving flat pulley 43 so that the cutting surface 44 is always in a tension state on the contact surface side with the raw material round bamboo 1. The reason for this is that when the processed surface of the raw round bamboo 1 is not uniform in cross-sectional shape and where there is a nodule, the cutting band 44 is naturally different in the manner of contact with the cutting band 44, and the processing amount is also different. If there is elasticity on the contact surface side of the cutting strip 44 at this time, a preferable processing surface is given without excessively cutting the processing surface by adjusting the moving speed of the raw bamboo 1 for raw material. On the contrary, if the contact surface side of the cutting strip 44 with the raw material round bamboo 1 is always on the relaxed side, the elasticity of the contact surface side of the cutting strip 44 is lost, which is undesirable due to the influence of the elongation of the cutting strip 44, The machining head 6 is provided with a mechanism 48 (see FIGS. 2 and 3, not shown in detail) that can absorb the elongation of the cutting band 44.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 6, the machining head frame 45 constituting the machining head 6 includes a buffer spring 49 so as to follow a change in pressure received by the cutting band 44. The machining head frame 45 is placed on the slide base 50 at a right angle to the frame 8 of the processing equipment 4, and the slide base 50 is opened on the slide base 50 so that it can be moved in the direction of the arrow on the bed 51. The screw hole 52 and the adjustment screw 54 rotatably attached to the bearing 53 on the side surface of the bed 51 are screwed together and moved by the rotation of the handle 55. This moving operation may be performed manually, but may be automatically performed by a combination of a control circuit using a cutting gauge output and a power source.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 7, when the rotating raw material bamboo 1 approaches the cutting band 44, the positional relationship between the processing surface of the raw material circular bamboo 1 and the cutting band 44 is on the inlet side of the processing head 6. Detection is performed with a cutting gauge 56 installed so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the round bamboo 1. The cutting gauge 56 indicates that the lever 58 having the exploration roller 57 at the tip is rotatable around the pin 59 and indicates its movement on the support board 60. In addition, there are electric / electronic single or synthetic means. Further, if a cutting gauge 56 is installed on the exit side of the machining head 6, the situation before and after machining can be confirmed, and the machining amount, finishing degree, etc. can be known.
[0045]
The outer surface processed portion of the raw material round bamboo 1 that has been cut by the processing equipment is moved by the rotation of the support roller 11 and sequentially sent to the discharge equipment 5, but the shape of the discharge equipment 5 is symmetrical with the supply equipment 3. Except for the positional relationship, the functional and structural features are substantially the same, and the description thereof will be omitted. The main drive system of the processing apparatus 2 is roughly divided into a rotation and movement drive system for the raw material round bamboo 1 and a rotation drive system for the cutting strip 44, which are used independently and perform inverter control. The shifting range is wide.
[0046]
[Example 2]
FIG. 8 shows another aspect of the driving means of the support roller 61. The support roller 61 is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft 63 on a bearing material of a bearing 62, and a rotating shaft 65 on the lower surface is supported by a bearing 66. The end of the rotating shaft 63 is sequentially connected by a universal joint 64 to transmit the rotational force to drive the whole. Also in this means, it is preferable that an excessive torque absorbing mechanism is built in the support roller 61, and in this driving means, the universal joint 64 is exposed and dangerous, so it is necessary to cover it with a cover or the like for safety.
[0047]
In FIG. 9, a link mechanism is provided as a turning means for applying a propulsive force to the support roller 61. The turning shaft 65 on the lower surface of the bearing 62 is supported by the bearing 66 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but the tip of the turning shaft 65 has a slight angle with respect to the rotating shaft 64 of the support roller 61. The lever 67 is fixed, and the links 70 and 71 are slidably stopped by a reamer bolt 69 passed through the tip hole 68, and the inclination angle is uniformly transmitted to all the support rollers 61 positioned vertically and horizontally. Accordingly, the adjusting screw 74 with the handle 75 screwed with the retaining nut 73 mounted on the lever 72 can be rotated and moved in the direction of the arrow to be set easily.
[0048]
[Example 3]
FIG. 10 shows still another aspect of the driving means of the support roller 61. A small geared motor 76 having a variable speed is directly attached to the rotating shaft of the support roller 61 and driven. This means is most simplified and preferable in terms of structure, but the number of drive sources becomes large and the control circuit becomes somewhat complicated.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
The following effects were obtained by using the external surface processing equipment according to the present invention.
{Circle around (1)} The cross-sectional shape that was pruned to a certain length was not uniform, and the outer diameter gradually decreased over the entire length, so that it was possible to process a raw material round bamboo with its warp.
{Circle around (2)} The portions of the nodes and the outer skin protruding at intervals on the outer periphery of the raw material round bamboo were continuously cut in the longitudinal direction.
(3) By using the cutting band, the surface of the raw round bamboo with a non-uniform cross-sectional shape could be smoothed along the cross-sectional shape without excessive processing.
(4) Raw bamboo for raw materials can be arbitrarily combined with the processing speed including the rotational direction of the belt-shaped cutting band, the cutting grain size, the processing surface speed including the rotational direction of the raw circular bamboo, and the moving speed. The outer surface of can be finished in various processing states.
(5) Eliminates the hassle of cutting and splitting.
(6) The processing speed of raw bamboo was increased.
(7) The processing surface speed of the round bamboo for raw materials was made uniform.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a bird's-eye view showing the shape of a raw round bamboo for processing.
2 is a front view of the outer surface processing apparatus according to the present invention shown in Embodiment 1. FIG.
3 is a top view of the outer surface processing apparatus of FIG. 2. FIG.
4 is a side view including a partial cross-section of the turning and driving mechanism of the support roller of FIG. 2;
5 is a cross-sectional view of the support roller and the drive mechanism along the AA cross section of FIG. 4; FIG.
6 is a side view of a machining head equipped with the cutting band of FIG. 2. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a side view of a cutting gauge.
FIG. 8 is a side view of a drive mechanism using a universal joint according to a second embodiment.
9 is a layout view of a link turning mechanism as viewed in the direction of arrow C in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a side view of a support roller with an independent drive source according to a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 External surface processing equipment
3, 4, 5 Supply equipment. Processing facilities. Discharge equipment
6 Processing head
7, 8, 9 supply. processing. Each frame of discharge
11, 61 Support roller
25, 26 worm foil, worm
27, 29 Gears. Small gear
36 Pressing roller
42, 43, 44 Driving flat pulley, driven flat pulley, cutting band
56 Cutting gauge

Claims (11)

原料用丸竹(1)を、下記の(A)から(E)の工程を移動する間に加工され、原料用丸竹(1)の外面の節や外皮を切削し平滑に仕上げることを特徴とする原料用丸竹の外面加工方法。
(A).原料用丸竹(1)が供給設備(3)の、少なくとも一個以上の駆動した支持ローラ(11,61)の上に乗り回転しながら移動する。
(B).原料用丸竹(1)は、回転しながら進行し、一組の支持ローラ(11,61)とシリンダー(38)で上下に移動する加圧ローラ(36)からなる三点支持台に達して加工に際して動かないように位置決めされる。
(C).原料用丸竹(1)が、加工設備(4)の切削帯(44)に接近すると、センサーが原料用丸竹(1)の加工面の位置を検出し、加工ヘッド(6)に備えた水平方向の移動手段が切削帯(44)を加工位置に移動する。
(D).原料用丸竹(1)の表面は回転しながら進行して切削帯(44)と接触し切削される。
(E).原料用丸竹(1)は、供給設備(3)と同様構成の排出備(5)を経て順次移動し、外面長手方向の加工が完了すると工程外に排出される。
The raw bamboo (1) is processed during the following steps (A) to (E), and the outer surface of the raw bamboo (1) is cut and smoothed to finish the surface. The outer surface processing method of the round bamboo for raw materials.
(A). The raw round bamboo (1) moves on the supply equipment (3) while rotating on at least one driven support roller (11, 61).
(B). The raw material round bamboo (1) advances while rotating and reaches a three-point support base consisting of a pair of support rollers (11, 61) and a pressure roller (36) that moves up and down by a cylinder (38). Positioned so as not to move during processing.
(C). When the raw material bamboo (1) approaches the cutting band (44) of the processing equipment (4), the sensor detects the position of the processed surface of the raw material circular bamboo (1) and is provided in the processing head (6). The horizontal moving means moves the cutting band (44) to the machining position.
(D). The surface of the raw round bamboo (1) advances while rotating and comes into contact with the cutting strip (44) to be cut.
(E). Raw material round bamboo (1), the supply system (3) and to move sequentially through the discharge equipment (5) of the same configuration, and is discharged to the outside of the process when the processing of the outer surface longitudinal direction is completed.
原料用丸竹(1)の外面加工装置(2)が、下記の(A)と(B)と(C)の設備を合成してなり、原料用丸竹(1)を(A)から(C)方向に移動させることにより、原料用丸竹(1)の外面の節や外皮を切削して平滑に仕上げることを特徴とする原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。
(A).供給設備(3)のフレーム(7)の上に、支持ローラ(11,61)を一組とし、少なくとも原料用丸竹(1)の進行方向の一箇所以上に配置し、少なくともその中の一組はシリンダー(38)により加圧されて上下に移動するローラ(36)と組合せて三点支持台を構成する。
(B).加工設備(4)のフレーム(8)の長手方向に直角な方向に、向き合うようにして加工ヘッド(6)が配置され、前後進するための微動調節手段を備える共に、両端に設置したプーリ(42,43)に支えられた切削帯(44)を内蔵する加工ヘッドフレーム(45)と摺動台(50)とベッド(51)から構成され、フレーム(8)の上には支持ローラ(11,61)を単一または一組として、少なくとも一箇所以上を原料用丸竹(1)の進行方向に配置し、その中の切削帯(44)と向き合う場所では、支持ローラ(11,61)は単一としてシリンダー(38)により加圧されて上下に移動するローラ(36)と組合せて二点支持台を構成する。
(C).排出設備(5)のフレーム(9)の上に、支持ローラ(11,61)を一組として、原料用丸竹(1)の進行方向に少なくとも一箇所以上は配置し、その中の少なくとも一組は、シリンダー(38)により加圧されて上下に移動するローラ(36)と組合せて三点支持台を構成する。
The outer surface processing device (2) of the raw bamboo for raw material (1) combines the following equipment (A), (B) and (C), and the raw circular bamboo for raw material (1) is converted from (A) to ( C) An outer surface processing apparatus for raw material bamboo, wherein the outer surface of the raw material bamboo (1) is moved and moved to cut and smooth the outer nodes and skins.
(A). On the frame (7) of the supply facility (3), a set of support rollers (11, 61) is arranged at least one place in the direction of travel of the raw material bamboo (1), and at least one of them The set is combined with a roller (36) that is pressed by a cylinder (38) and moves up and down to form a three-point support.
(B). The processing head (6) is arranged so as to face each other in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the frame (8) of the processing equipment (4), and is provided with fine movement adjusting means for moving forward and backward, and pulleys ( 42, 43), which is composed of a machining head frame (45) having a built-in cutting band (44), a slide base (50), and a bed (51), and a support roller (11) on the frame (8). , 61) as a single or a set, at least one or more places are arranged in the direction of travel of the raw material bamboo (1), and in the place facing the cutting band (44) therein, the support roller (11, 61) Is combined with a roller (36) which is pressed by a cylinder (38) and moves up and down as a single unit to constitute a two-point support.
(C). On the frame (9) of the discharge facility (5), the support rollers (11, 61) are paired and at least one place is arranged in the traveling direction of the raw material bamboo (1), and at least one of them is arranged. The set constitutes a three-point support in combination with a roller (36) that is pressed by a cylinder (38) and moves up and down.
供給設備(3)・加工設備(4)・排出設備(5)に設置した、少なくとも一個または一組以上の支持ローラ(11,61)を駆動回転し、接触する原料用丸竹(1)に支持ローラ(11,61)から表面駆動により回転を伝え、原料用丸竹(1)の長手方向に対して支持ローラ(11,61)を旋回軸廻りに旋回して傾けることにより、原料用丸竹(1)を移動することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。At least one or one or more sets of support rollers (11, 61) installed in the supply facility (3), processing facility (4), and discharge facility (5) are driven and rotated to contact the raw material bamboo (1). Rotation is transmitted from the support roller (11, 61) by surface driving , and the support roller (11, 61) is turned around the turning axis and tilted with respect to the longitudinal direction of the raw material round bamboo (1), whereby the raw material round The apparatus for processing an outer surface of a round bamboo for raw material according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo (1) is moved. 供給設備(3)・加工設備(4)・排出設備(5)に設置した支持ローラ(11,61)の駆動機構が、支持ローラ(11,61)と原料用丸竹(1)の間の周速度の違いを、吸収する構造であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。The drive mechanism of the support roller (11, 61) installed in the supply facility (3), processing facility (4), and discharge facility (5) is between the support roller (11, 61) and the raw material bamboo (1). The outer surface processing apparatus for raw bamboo for raw materials according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the structure absorbs the difference in peripheral speed. 支持ローラ(11)の旋回手段が、円周上の一部に平歯を反対側の円周上の一部分にネジを各々刻んで構成したウオームホイル(25)と、ウオーム(26)を噛合せ、同様にして一組を構成する隣りの支持ローラにも歯車(27)を取付け、小歯車(29)を挟んで歯車列とし、多数の前記支持ローラ用のウオームを順次軸(31)で連接して回転することにより、前記支持ローラ全てを同時に同角度旋回させることを特徴とする請求項か4に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。The swiveling means of the support roller (11) meshes a worm wheel (25) and a worm (26), each of which has a flat tooth on a part of the circumference and a screw on a part of the circumference on the opposite side. Similarly, a gear (27) is also attached to adjacent support rollers constituting a set, and a gear train is formed by sandwiching a small gear (29), and a plurality of worms for the support rollers are sequentially connected by a shaft (31). 5. The outer surface processing apparatus for a raw material round bamboo according to claim 3 , wherein all of the support rollers are simultaneously rotated at the same angle by rotating in the same manner. 支持ローラ(61)の旋回手段が、支持軸(65)の先端に嵌合したレバー(67)と、リンク(70,71)を滑合可能にピン止めし、小レバー(72)を旋回することにより、前記支持ローラ全てを同時に同角度旋回させることを特徴とする請求項か4に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。The turning means of the support roller (61) pins the lever (67) fitted to the tip of the support shaft (65) and the links (70, 71) so as to be slidable, and turns the small lever (72). 5. The apparatus for processing the outer surface of the raw round bamboo for raw materials according to claim 3 or 4, wherein all the support rollers are simultaneously turned at the same angle. 支持ローラ(11,61)が、外径140〜160mmの範囲、一組の支持ローラ(11,61)の軸間距離を、前記外径+5〜15mmの範囲としたことを特徴とする請求項2から6のいずれかに記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。  The support roller (11, 61) has an outer diameter in the range of 140 to 160 mm, and the distance between the axes of the pair of support rollers (11, 61) is in the range of the outer diameter + 5 to 15 mm. The outer surface processing apparatus of the raw bamboo for raw materials in any one of 2-6. 支持ローラ(11,61)の旋回角度を5〜8度の範囲としたことを特徴とする請求項から7のいずれかの項に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。The outer surface processing apparatus for raw bamboo for raw materials according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein a turning angle of the support roller (11, 61) is in a range of 5 to 8 degrees. 加工ヘッド(6)の内に構成した、プーリ(42)とプーリ(43)の間に渡したエンドレスで平ベルト状の切削帯(44)が、原料用丸竹(1)の長手方向軸に対し直角に接するように置かれ、接触面は切削帯(44)の緊張側が対応し、移動方向が下向きであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。  An endless flat belt-shaped cutting band (44) configured between the pulley (42) and the pulley (43), which is configured in the machining head (6), is attached to the longitudinal axis of the raw round bamboo (1). The apparatus for processing the outer surface of the raw round bamboo for raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that it is placed so as to be in contact with a right angle, the contact surface corresponds to the tension side of the cutting band (44), and the moving direction is downward. 切削帯(44)を内蔵する加工ヘッドフレーム(45)の内部に、加工ヘッドフレーム(45)を原料用丸竹(1)の接触面に対して、前後に揺動させる緩衝用バネ(49)が組み込まれていることを特徴とする請求項29に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。A buffering spring (49) for swinging the processing head frame (45) back and forth with respect to the contact surface of the raw material round bamboo (1) inside the processing head frame (45) containing the cutting band (44). The apparatus for processing the outer surface of a round bamboo for raw material according to claim 2 or 9, characterized in that is incorporated. 切削帯(44)を、幅140〜160mmの範囲、砥粒の粒度40〜60メッシュの範囲で構成し、周速度が20〜30m/minの範囲で使用することを特徴とする請求項210に記載の原料用丸竹の外面加工装置。The cutting band (44) is configured in a range of 140 to 160 mm in width, in a range of 40 to 60 mesh of abrasive grains, and used in a range of peripheral speed of 20 to 30 m / min . The outer surface processing apparatus of the round bamboo for raw materials of 10.
JP15254995A 1995-05-26 1995-05-26 Method and apparatus for processing outer surface of round bamboo for raw material Expired - Fee Related JP3690838B2 (en)

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