JP3690083B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3690083B2
JP3690083B2 JP24699097A JP24699097A JP3690083B2 JP 3690083 B2 JP3690083 B2 JP 3690083B2 JP 24699097 A JP24699097 A JP 24699097A JP 24699097 A JP24699097 A JP 24699097A JP 3690083 B2 JP3690083 B2 JP 3690083B2
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image
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JP24699097A
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JPH1184877A (en
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博 深尾
峰行 酒向
謙三 戸谷
和洋 坂本
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Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc
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Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粉体現像剤を用いて画像を形成する電子写真方式の複写機・プリンタ・ファクシミリ等に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真方式の画像形成装置では、要求される画質を得るために、特に、フルカラー方式の複写機やプリンタでは高画質の画像を得るために、トナーを含む現像剤に後処理剤として多量の無機微粒子を添加し、これによりトナーの均一な攪拌(流動性向上)、感光体上の静電潜像へのトナーのスムーズな移動(現像性向上)、及び感光体から紙などの転写部材へのトナーのスムーズな移動(転写性向上)、ブレードによる感光体からの未転写トナーの効率的回収(回収性向上)を達成している。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記後処理剤の添加量は、上記流動性、現像性、転写性の向上を図るためには、出来るだけ多い方が望ましい。しかし、ブレードの回収性向上を図るためには、後処理剤の添加量は多すぎてもいけないし、少なすぎてもいけない。すなわち、添加量が多すぎると、ブレードと感光体との接触部を通過していく後処理剤の量が増えると共に接触部で感光体の外周面に後処理剤が擦り付けられ、これが作成された画像上のノイズとなって現れる。逆に、少なすぎると、ブレードと感光体との接触部近傍に安定した後処理剤の静止塊(静止層)が得られず、ブレードのトナー回収効率が低下し、例えば作成されたソリッド画像上に白抜け模様が現れる。
【0004】
本発明者らは上記問題点を解消するために数々の検討を重ねた結果、後処理剤に含まれる成分粒子のうち上記回収性の向上に本当に有効な成分粒子は、トナーの帯電極性と逆の極性の電荷を有するもので、トナーの帯電極性と同一の極性の電荷を有する成分粒子は必ずしも回収性に対して有効とは限らないことを知見した。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記知見に基づいてなされたもので、所定の方向に回転する静電潜像担持体の外周面に形成された静電潜像を現像領域において現像剤の像として可視像化し、次に上記現像剤の像を転写領域において転写部材に転写し、続いて上記転写部材に転写されずに上記静電潜像担持体上に残留している現像剤をクリーニング領域においてブレードで除去すると共に、上記現像剤に後処理剤を添加している画像形成装置において、上記転写領域から上記クリーニング領域までの間に、上記現像剤に添加されている後処理剤のうち、上記現像剤の帯電極性と異なる極性の成分粒子を上記静電潜像担持体に残し、上記現像剤の帯電極性と同一極性の電荷を有する成分粒子を除去する手段を設けたものである。
【0006】
上記後処理剤は、現像剤と共に、上記静電潜像担持体上における静電潜像形成領域以外の領域、例えば、いわゆる像間領域に供給するのが好ましい。
【0007】
上記除去手段は、上記静電潜像担持体の外周面に接触可能な回転部材、例えば回転ブラシや回転ローラなどが、また、フルカラー複写機の場合には転写ドラムなどが考えられる。
【0008】
上記現像剤の帯電極性と異なる極性の成分粒子としては、チタン酸ストロンチウムが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の作用及び効果】
上記画像形成装置では、現像領域において、静電潜像担持体の外周面に、後処理剤を含む現像剤が供給される。供給された後処理剤のうち、現像剤の帯電極性と同一極性の電荷を有する成分粒子は、静電潜像担持体の回転と共に転写領域からクリーニング領域に搬送される間に、除去手段によって回収される。そして、後処理剤のうち、現像剤の帯電極性と異なる極性の電荷を有する成分粒子がクリーニング領域に搬送され、ブレードと静電潜像担持体との接触部近傍に滞留して静止塊を形成し、この静止塊が後に未転写現像剤の回収に寄与する。
【0010】
このように、本発明にかかる画像形成装置によれば、クリーニング領域にはこのクリーニング領域における現像剤の回収に最も有効な後処理剤成分粒子だけが搬送されて静止塊が形成され、それ以外の後処理剤成分粒子はクリーニング領域に到達する前に除去手段に回収される。したがって、クリーニング領域では効率的に未転写現像剤が回収されると共に、ブレードと静電潜像担持体との接触部を通過して搬送される後処理剤の量が減少するので、画像形成装置で形成される画像にノイズが現れることがなく、高画質の画像が得られる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明する。図1は、複写機、プリンタ、ファクシミリなどの電子写真方式の画像形成装置の主要部を示し、静電潜像担持体である円筒状の感光体10が設けてある。なお、感光体10は円筒体である必要はなく、無端状のベルト感光体であってもよい。感光体10は矢印12方向に回転駆動可能としてあり、感光体10の外周部位が以下に説明するそれぞれの領域を通過することにより、周知の電子写真プロセスに基づいて、可視的な像が形成されるようになっている。
【0012】
具体的に、感光体10の外周部位は、帯電領域14において、帯電装置16により所定の極性に帯電される。本実施形態では、感光体10は負極性に帯電されるものとする。図面上、帯電装置16としてコロトロンが示してあるが、これに限るものでなく、あらゆる周知の帯電装置(例えば、スコロトロン、ローラ、ブラシ、ブレード型式の帯電装置)が使用可能である。
【0013】
帯電された感光体10の外周部位には、露光領域18において、図示しない露光装置から光20が露光されて、再現すべき画像に対応した静電潜像が形成される。露光装置としてはあらゆる公知の露光装置が適用可能で、例えば、アナログ複写機で一般に使用されている走査光学系、デジタル複写機で使用されているレーザ光学系、光学素子を感光体10の軸方向に配列した光学系などがある。
【0014】
次に、静電潜像が形成された感光体10の外周部位は次に現像領域22に到達し、ここで現像装置24によって可視像化される。現像装置24としてはあらゆる公知の現像装置が適用可能である。現像装置24は、トナーと、このトナーの現像性、転写性、回収性を向上するためにの後処理剤(後に詳細に説明する)とを収容している。
【0015】
現像装置24はまた、トナーと後処理剤に含まれる成分粒子を所定の極性に帯電する手段、例えば、トナー等と共に混合攪拌されることによりこれらと摩擦接触するキャリア粒子、又は感光体10に対向配置されたローラ26に接触して該ローラ26により搬送されるトナー等を摩擦帯電する帯電ブレード(図示せず)を備えている。本実施形態では、トナーは、感光体10の帯電極性と同一の極性(負極性)に帯電される。一方、後処理剤に含まれるある成分粒子はトナーと同一の極性(負極性)に帯電され、残る成分粒子はトナーと逆の極性(正極性)に帯電される。なお、これらの成分粒子の比率は適宜調整可能である。
【0016】
現像領域22で可視像化された現像剤像は次に転写領域28に搬送され、この転写領域28において感光体10に対向配置されている転写装置30により、該転写装置30と感光体10との間を搬送されるシート(紙、フィルム)32にトナーの帯電極性と逆の極性の電荷を付与することで、負極性に帯電しているトナーが静電気的にシートに転写される。転写領域28を通過したシート32は、分離装置34により感光体10から分離され、図示しない定着装置でトナーがシートに永久定着された後、同様に図示しない排出部に排出される。図面上、転写装置30としてコロトロンが示してあるが、これに限るものでなく、その他の転写装置(例えば、スコロトロン、ローラ型式の転写装置)を使用してもよいし、同様に、分離装置34としてコロトロンが示してあるが、その他の分離装置(例えば、感光体の外周面に接触した爪部材)を使用してもよい。
【0017】
感光体10に付着したトナーは転写領域28ですべてシート32に転写するのが理想的であるが、実際には本来の極性(負極性)とは逆の極性(正極性)に帯電しているトナーも存在し、このようなトナーは転写領域28でシート32に転写されることなく通過し、クリーニング領域36に搬送される。
【0018】
クリーニング領域36には上記未転写のトナーを回収するクリーニング装置38が設けてある。クリーニング装置38は、弾性材料からなる板状のブレード40を備えており、その一端角部が感光体10の外周面に当接しており、これによりクリーニング領域36に搬送されてきた未転写のトナーがブレード40により掻き落されて回収される。
【0019】
クリーニング領域36を通過した感光体10の外周部位は次に除電領域42に移動する。除電領域42には除電装置44が設けてあり、この除電装置44によって感光体10の外周の残留電荷が除去されて次回の露光に備える。除電装置44としては、あらゆる公知の除電装置(例えば、照明式、放電式除電装置等)が使用可能である。
【0020】
以上のように構成された画像形成装置は、クリーニング領域36に搬送される後処理剤に含まれる成分粒子のうち、トナーの帯電極性(負極性)と同一極性に帯電している成分粒子を回収し、これによりトナーの帯電極性(負極性)と異なる極性(正極性)に帯電している成分粒子だけを選択的にクリーニング領域36に搬送するために、転写領域28からクリーニング領域36に至るまでの間の回収領域46にブラシローラ48を備えている。
【0021】
ブラシローラ48は、感光体10の軸と平行に配置された導電性の軸50と、この軸50に植毛された多数の導電性材料(例えば、導電性レーヨン繊維)からなるブラシ52を有し、ブラシ52の先端を感光体10の外周面に接触させた状態で回転駆動可能としてある。また、軸50は電源54に接続されており、軸50を介してブラシ52に、トナー帯電極性と異なる極性(正極性)の回収バイアス(例えば、+500ボルト)が印加され、これにより負極性に帯電している後処理剤の成分粒子を電気的に吸着して回収できるようにしてある。
【0022】
したがって、転写領域28を通過した感光体10の外周部位に付着している後処理剤は回収領域46でブラシ52と接触し、後処理剤に含まれる成分粒子のうちトナーの帯電極性と同一極性(負極性)に帯電している成分粒子が、正極性の電圧が印加されているブラシ52に電気的に吸着して回収される。しかし、トナーの帯電極性(負極性)と異なる極性に帯電している後処理剤の成分粒子は、ブラシ52に回収されることなく回収領域46を通過してクリーニング領域36に移動し、ここでブレード40と感光体10との接触部の感光体移動方向上流側に溜まり、安定した静止塊(静止層)を形成する。そして、この静止塊により効率良く未転写トナーが感光体10からクリーニング装置38に回収される。
【0023】
このように、本発明によれば、感光体10に供給された後処理剤のすべてがクリーニング領域36に搬送されることがなく、後処理剤の中でもトナーの回収に効果を発揮する成分粒子だけが選択的にクリーニング領域36に供給されるので、クリーニング領域36に過剰な後処理剤が堆積することもないし、クリーニング領域36に堆積する後処理剤の量が少なくて未転写のトナーを効率良く回収できないということもない。また、現像剤に多量の後処理剤を含ませて、優れた現像性や定着性を確保できる。
【0024】
感光体10への後処理剤の供給は、当然画像作成時に付随的に行われるが、積極的に後処理剤を感光体10に供給するために、感光体10の外周面のうち静電潜像の形成される画像形成領域に挟まれた非画像形成領域(いわゆる像間領域)に現像装置24から供給するようにしてもよい。この場合、露光装置により感光体10の像間領域に所定の大きさのパターン静電潜像を形成し、これを現像剤で現像する方法を採るのが好ましい。
【0025】
また、後処理剤の積極的供給は、画像形成動作に入る直前の前処理段階で行ってもよい。
【0026】
さらに、ブラシローラ48は感光体10の外周面に常時接触させてもよいが、感光体10に対して接離自在とし、必要なときだけ感光体10に接触して後処理剤を回収するようにしてもよい。
【0027】
本発明はフルカラーの画像形成装置にも適用できる。具体的に、図2は本発明をフルカラー画像形成装置に適用した実施形態を示す。この画像形成装置は、感光体110の周囲に、イエロー、シアン、マゼンタ、ブラックの現像剤をそれぞれ収容した4台の現像装置124a、124b、124c、124dを有する。転写領域128には、回転駆動式転写ドラム160が感光体110に接離自在に対向しており、転写ドラム160の内側に設けた転写チャージャ130が転写領域128を介して感光体110に対向している。転写ドラム160の外周面近傍には、上記ブラシローラ48と同一型式のブラシローラ148が設けてあり、このブラシローラ148にはトナーの帯電極性と異なる極性(正極性)の電圧が印加されている。
【0028】
この画像形成装置では、画像形成時、それぞれの現像装置124a、124b、124c、124dで作成されたトナー像が順次転写領域128に搬送される。転写領域128では、この転写領域を通過する転写ドラム160に転写チャージャ130からトナーの帯電極性と異なる極性の電荷が与えられ、これにより転写ドラム160の所定の領域にトナー像が順次転写されて重ね合わされる。重ね合わされたトナー像は次に図示しないシートに転写される。
【0029】
トナー像は転写ドラム160上で重ね合わせる必要はなく、転写ドラム160に一旦転写されたトナー像をシート上で重ね合わせてもよいし、転写ドラム160の外周面にシートを適当なチャック機構で保持し、このシート上でトナー像を重ね合わせるようにしてもよい。
【0030】
後処理剤をクリーニング領域136に供給する場合、一つ又は複数の現像装置からトナー及び後処理剤を感光体に供給する。次に、転写領域128で、転写チャージャ130の放電に基づいて、トナーの帯電極性(負極性)と同一の極性に帯電している後処理剤の成分粒子を転写ドラム160に回収し、トナーの帯電極性と異なる極性に帯電している後処理剤の成分粒子だけを選択的にクリーニング領域136に供給する。転写ドラム160に供給された後処理剤の成分粒子は、転写ドラム160に接触しているブラシローラ148によって電気的に回収される。
【0031】
以下の具体的な実施例、比較例について、後述する項目について評価した。
【0032】
実施例1:トナー(黒トナー)は、樹脂としてポリエステル樹脂(アルコール成分としてエチレングリコール変成ビスフェノールAとプロピレングリコール変成ビスフェノールAと、酸成分としてテレフタル酸を使用したもの)100部に対して、着色材としてカーボンブラック5部、帯電制御材として含金属サリチル酸化合物E84を5部混合し、これを加熱混練して材料を分離し、冷却し、各種粉砕機で粗粉砕から微粉砕を行い、風力分級機で分級して、平均粒径8ミクロンのものを得た。トナーに対して、後処理剤として、流動性向上と帯電制御のために、シリカ微粒子としてH1300を0.75部、酸化チタン微粒子としてSTT30を0.75部、そしてトナーと異なる極性に帯電する後処理剤成分粒子としてチタン酸ストロンチウム粒子SW−100を1.5部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサで攪拌してトナーに後処理を行った。キャリアとして、PTK社製のフェライト材F300(平均粒径50ミクロン)にシリコーンアクリル樹脂をコートしたものを使用した。現像剤としては、上記トナーとキャリアを、トナー濃度6%となるように調整したものを使用し、図1に示す型式の画像形成装置(ミノルタ(株)製のデジタル複写機Di30(複写速度30枚/分、感光体は有機感光体を使用))で画像ノイズの発生等(後述する)を評価した。なお、現像剤の帯電量はマイナス25マイクロクーロンを示した。ブラシローラには、導電性のレーヨン繊維からなるブラシを植毛したものを使用し、後処理剤の回収時に+500ボルトの電圧を印加した。
【0033】
実施例2:実施例1の構成において、感光体の像間部に、軸方向に伸びる幅1cmの画像(トナー付着量0.7mg/cm2)を形成し、これをシートに転写することなくクリーニングした。
【0034】
実施例3:上記黒色現像剤以外に以下の3種類のカラー現像剤を使用して図2の画像形成装置で画像を作成し評価した。イエロー現像剤:着色剤として大日本インキ化学社製のKET Yellow401を3部添加し、実施例1の方法でトナーを作成し、同様のキャリアで現像剤を調整した。この現像剤は、帯電量:−26マイクロクーロンを示した。マゼンタ現像剤:着色剤として同様に大日本インキ化学社製のKET Red103を3部添加し、イエロー現像剤と同様にして調整した。この現像剤の帯電量は−24マイクロクーロンを示した。シアン現像剤:着色剤として大日本インキ化学社製のKET Blue103を3部添加し、イエロー現像剤と同様にして調整した。この現像剤の帯電量は−27マイクロクーロンを示した。画像形成装置には、図2のフルカラー複写機(ミノルタ社製デジタルフルカラーCF900、複写枚数6枚/分、有機感光体)を使用し、感光体の像間部に、軸方向に伸びる幅1cmの画像(トナー付着量0.7mg/cm2)を形成し、これを転写チャージャ(転写バイアス:+700ボルト)で転写ドラムに転写して画像を作成した。
【0035】
比較例1:実施例1の画像形成装置からブラシローラを除いた構成により画像を作成した。
【0036】
比較例2:実施例1の画像形成装置のブラシローラにバイアスを印加せずに画像を作成した。
【0037】
比較例3:実施例3の画像形成装置において、感光体の像間部にトナーを付着させた後、転写ドラムを感光体から離間させて、感光体から除去すべき後処理剤を転写領域で除去することなく画像を作成した。
【0038】
比較例4:実施例1の後処理剤に代えて、トナーに対してシリカ微粒子H1300を0.75部、酸化チタンSTT30を0.75部、トナーの帯電極性と同一の極性に帯電する第3の後処理剤としてシリカ微粒子を1.5部添加し、これをヘンシェルミキサで攪拌して得たものを使用した。その他は実施例1と同一とした。
【0039】
評価項目及び評価方法は以下の通りである。
【0040】
後処理逆極性評価:実施例1と比較例4の現像剤を用いてCF900で現像後、転写ドラムにマイナス電圧を印加して、転写ドラムに付着した後処理剤の成分粒子を、電子顕微鏡とX線マイクロアナライザで元素分析し、定性分析した。
【0041】
画像ノイズ評価:白黒比6%のチャートを、 A3/B5サイズ紙に、500枚連続、500枚を2枚間欠で、合計100,000枚コピーした。また、10,000枚ごとにハーフトーン画像をコピーして画像ノイズ(BS)を評価した。フルカラー複写機の場合、各色を15%の割合で含むチャートを、白黒複写機と同様のモードで、合計30,000枚コピーした。評価は5,000枚ごとに行った。
【0042】
クリーニング領域上流部における感光体表面付着トナーの成分分析:クリーニング装置上流側の感光体表面に付着したトナーの状態を、X線マイクロアナライザで評価し、トナーの帯電極性と異なる極性の後処理剤(チタン酸ストロンチウム)が、トナー量に比べて増えているか否か、元素分析結果で評価した。
【0043】
クリーニング装置のブレード部評価:クリーニング装置のブレードと感光体との接触部に溜まっている後処理剤の状態を電子顕微鏡で観察すると共に、X線マイクロアナライザで元素分析し、溜まっている後処理剤の定性、半定量分析を行った。
【0044】
耐刷後感光体表面観察:感光体表面を光学顕微鏡で観察すると共に、X線マイクロアナライザで元素分析し、付着物のある場合はその定性分析を行った。
【0045】
評価結果を図3の表に示す。この表から明らかなように、本発明の実施例では、画像ノイズが発生するまでのコピー枚数が比較例の場合よりも大きく、画像ノイズの発生が抑制できることが理解できる。また、本実施例では、ブラシローラの存在により確実に、ブレードと感光体との接触部上流側にトナーの帯電極性と異なる極性の後処理剤成分粒子を溜めてその静止塊(静止層)を形成でき、耐刷後の感光体表面は付着物がなくきれいな状態に保たれることが理解できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明にかかる単色式画像形成装置の主要部の概略断面図。
【図2】 本発明にかかるフルカラー画像形成装置の主要部の概略断面図。
【図3】 実施例と比較例の評価結果を示す図表。
【符号の説明】
10…感光体、24…現像装置、28…転写領域、36…クリーニング領域、48…ブラシローラ。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic copying machine, printer, facsimile, or the like that forms an image using a powder developer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In electrophotographic image forming apparatuses, in order to obtain the required image quality, especially in full-color copying machines and printers, in order to obtain high-quality images, a developer containing toner contains a large amount of inorganic as a post-processing agent. Fine particles are added, thereby uniformly stirring the toner (improving fluidity), smoothly moving the toner to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member (improving developing property), and transferring the photosensitive member to a transfer member such as paper. Smooth movement of toner (improving transferability) and efficient recovery (improvement of recoverability) of untransferred toner from the photoreceptor using a blade are achieved.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The amount of the post-treatment agent added is preferably as large as possible in order to improve the fluidity, developability and transferability. However, in order to improve the recoverability of the blade, the added amount of the post-treatment agent should not be too much or too little. That is, if the amount added is too large, the amount of post-treatment agent that passes through the contact portion between the blade and the photoconductor increases, and the post-treatment agent is rubbed against the outer peripheral surface of the photoconductor at the contact portion. Appears as noise on the image. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, a stable post-processing agent stationary mass (static layer) cannot be obtained in the vicinity of the contact portion between the blade and the photoreceptor, and the toner recovery efficiency of the blade is reduced. A white pattern appears on the screen.
[0004]
As a result of numerous studies conducted by the present inventors to solve the above problems, among the component particles contained in the post-treatment agent, the component particles that are really effective for improving the recoverability are opposite to the charging polarity of the toner. It has been found that component particles having the same charge as that of the toner and having the same polarity as the charge polarity of the toner are not necessarily effective for recoverability.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and the electrostatic latent image formed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier rotating in a predetermined direction is visualized as a developer image in the development region, Next, the developer image is transferred to a transfer member in the transfer area, and then the developer remaining on the electrostatic latent image carrier without being transferred to the transfer member is removed with a blade in the cleaning area. In addition, in the image forming apparatus in which the post-processing agent is added to the developer, among the post-processing agents added to the developer between the transfer area and the cleaning area, charging of the developer is performed. Means for removing the component particles having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the developer are provided while leaving the component particles having a polarity different from the polarity on the electrostatic latent image carrier.
[0006]
The post-processing agent is preferably supplied together with the developer to a region other than the electrostatic latent image forming region on the electrostatic latent image carrier, for example, a so-called inter-image region.
[0007]
The removing means may be a rotating member that can come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier, such as a rotating brush or a rotating roller, or a transfer drum in the case of a full-color copying machine.
[0008]
As the component particles having a polarity different from the charging polarity of the developer, strontium titanate is preferable.
[0009]
[Action and effect of the invention]
In the image forming apparatus, a developer containing a post-processing agent is supplied to the outer peripheral surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier in the development region. Among the supplied post-processing agent, component particles having the same polarity as the developer charging polarity are collected by the removing means while being transported from the transfer area to the cleaning area along with the rotation of the electrostatic latent image carrier. Is done. Then, among the post-processing agent, component particles having a charge with a polarity different from the charge polarity of the developer are conveyed to the cleaning region and stay in the vicinity of the contact portion between the blade and the electrostatic latent image carrier to form a stationary mass. This static mass later contributes to the recovery of the untransferred developer.
[0010]
As described above, according to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, only the post-processing agent component particles that are most effective for the recovery of the developer in the cleaning area are conveyed to the cleaning area to form a stationary lump. The post-treatment agent component particles are collected by the removing means before reaching the cleaning region. Accordingly, the untransferred developer is efficiently collected in the cleaning area, and the amount of post-processing agent conveyed through the contact portion between the blade and the electrostatic latent image carrier is reduced. No noise appears in the image formed in the above, and a high-quality image can be obtained.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a main part of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile machine, and is provided with a cylindrical photosensitive member 10 as an electrostatic latent image carrier. Note that the photoconductor 10 need not be a cylindrical body, and may be an endless belt photoconductor. The photoconductor 10 can be driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow 12, and a peripheral image of the photoconductor 10 passes through each area described below, so that a visible image is formed based on a known electrophotographic process. It has become so.
[0012]
Specifically, the outer peripheral portion of the photoconductor 10 is charged to a predetermined polarity by the charging device 16 in the charging region 14. In the present embodiment, the photoreceptor 10 is charged to a negative polarity. Although the corotron is shown as the charging device 16 in the drawing, the invention is not limited to this, and any known charging device (for example, scorotron, roller, brush, blade type charging device) can be used.
[0013]
In the exposure area 18, light 20 is exposed from an exposure device (not shown) to form an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image to be reproduced on the outer peripheral portion of the charged photoreceptor 10. Any known exposure apparatus can be used as the exposure apparatus. For example, a scanning optical system generally used in an analog copying machine, a laser optical system used in a digital copying machine, and an optical element in the axial direction of the photosensitive member 10 are used. There is an optical system arranged in
[0014]
Next, the outer peripheral portion of the photoreceptor 10 on which the electrostatic latent image is formed reaches the developing region 22 where it is visualized by the developing device 24. As the developing device 24, any known developing device can be applied. The developing device 24 contains toner and a post-treatment agent (described in detail later) for improving the developability, transferability, and recoverability of the toner.
[0015]
The developing device 24 also opposes a means for charging the toner and component particles contained in the post-processing agent to a predetermined polarity, for example, carrier particles that are mixed and agitated with the toner and the like, or the carrier particles that are in frictional contact with these, or the photosensitive member 10 A charging blade (not shown) that frictionally charges toner or the like conveyed by the roller 26 in contact with the arranged roller 26 is provided. In this embodiment, the toner is charged to the same polarity (negative polarity) as the charging polarity of the photoconductor 10. On the other hand, certain component particles contained in the post-treatment agent are charged to the same polarity (negative polarity) as the toner, and the remaining component particles are charged to the opposite polarity (positive polarity) to the toner. The ratio of these component particles can be adjusted as appropriate.
[0016]
The developer image visualized in the development region 22 is then conveyed to the transfer region 28, and the transfer device 30 and the photoconductor 10 are transferred by the transfer device 30 disposed opposite to the photoconductor 10 in the transfer region 28. By applying a charge having a polarity opposite to the charging polarity of the toner to the sheet (paper, film) 32 conveyed between the toner and the negatively charged toner, the toner is electrostatically transferred to the sheet. The sheet 32 that has passed through the transfer region 28 is separated from the photoreceptor 10 by the separation device 34, and after the toner is permanently fixed to the sheet by a fixing device (not shown), it is similarly discharged to a discharge portion (not shown). In the drawing, a corotron is shown as the transfer device 30, but the transfer device 30 is not limited to this, and other transfer devices (for example, a scorotron, a roller type transfer device) may be used, and similarly, the separation device 34. However, other separation devices (for example, a claw member in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the photoreceptor) may be used.
[0017]
It is ideal that all the toner adhering to the photoreceptor 10 is transferred to the sheet 32 in the transfer region 28, but actually, the toner is charged to a polarity (positive polarity) opposite to the original polarity (negative polarity). There is also toner, and such toner passes through the transfer area 28 without being transferred to the sheet 32 and is conveyed to the cleaning area 36.
[0018]
The cleaning area 36 is provided with a cleaning device 38 that collects the untransferred toner. The cleaning device 38 includes a plate-like blade 40 made of an elastic material, and one end corner of the cleaning device 38 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the photosensitive member 10, and thus untransferred toner that has been conveyed to the cleaning region 36. Is scraped off by the blade 40 and collected.
[0019]
The outer peripheral portion of the photoreceptor 10 that has passed through the cleaning area 36 then moves to the charge removal area 42. A static elimination device 44 is provided in the static elimination region 42, and the residual charge on the outer periphery of the photoreceptor 10 is removed by the static elimination device 44 to prepare for the next exposure. As the static eliminator 44, any known static eliminator (for example, illumination type, discharge type static eliminator, etc.) can be used.
[0020]
The image forming apparatus configured as described above collects component particles that are charged to the same polarity as the charged polarity (negative polarity) of the toner among the component particles contained in the post-processing agent conveyed to the cleaning region 36. As a result, only the component particles charged with a polarity (positive polarity) different from the charged polarity (negative polarity) of the toner are selectively conveyed to the cleaning area 36, so that the transfer area 28 to the cleaning area 36 are reached. A brush roller 48 is provided in the collection area 46 between the two.
[0021]
The brush roller 48 includes a conductive shaft 50 disposed in parallel to the shaft of the photoreceptor 10 and a brush 52 made of a large number of conductive materials (for example, conductive rayon fibers) planted on the shaft 50. The brush 52 can be driven to rotate while the tip of the brush 52 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the photoconductor 10. Further, the shaft 50 is connected to a power source 54, and a recovery bias (for example, +500 volts) having a polarity (positive polarity) different from the toner charging polarity is applied to the brush 52 via the shaft 50. The charged component particles of the post-treatment agent can be electrically adsorbed and recovered.
[0022]
Therefore, the post-processing agent adhering to the outer peripheral portion of the photoconductor 10 that has passed through the transfer region 28 comes into contact with the brush 52 in the recovery region 46 and has the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner among the component particles contained in the post-processing agent. The component particles charged in (negative polarity) are electrically adsorbed and collected by the brush 52 to which a positive voltage is applied. However, the component particles of the post-treatment agent that are charged to a polarity different from the charged polarity (negative polarity) of the toner pass through the collection region 46 and are moved to the cleaning region 36 without being collected by the brush 52. It accumulates on the upstream side of the contact portion between the blade 40 and the photosensitive member 10 in the photosensitive member moving direction, and forms a stable stationary mass (static layer). Then, the untransferred toner is efficiently collected from the photoconductor 10 to the cleaning device 38 by the stationary mass.
[0023]
As described above, according to the present invention, all of the post-treatment agent supplied to the photoconductor 10 is not conveyed to the cleaning region 36, and only the component particles that are effective in collecting the toner among the post-treatment agents are included. Is selectively supplied to the cleaning region 36, so that an excessive amount of post-processing agent does not accumulate in the cleaning region 36, and the amount of post-processing agent deposited in the cleaning region 36 is small, so that untransferred toner can be efficiently collected. It cannot be recovered. In addition, a large amount of a post-treatment agent can be included in the developer to ensure excellent developability and fixability.
[0024]
The supply of the post-processing agent to the photoconductor 10 is naturally performed at the time of image creation. However, in order to positively supply the post-processing agent to the photoconductor 10, an electrostatic latent image on the outer peripheral surface of the photoconductor 10 is used. The developing device 24 may supply a non-image forming area (so-called inter-image area) sandwiched between image forming areas where images are formed. In this case, it is preferable to adopt a method in which a pattern electrostatic latent image having a predetermined size is formed in an inter-image region of the photoconductor 10 by an exposure device and developed with a developer.
[0025]
Further, the positive supply of the post-processing agent may be performed in a pre-processing stage immediately before entering the image forming operation.
[0026]
Further, the brush roller 48 may be always in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the photoconductor 10, but it can be brought into contact with and separated from the photoconductor 10 so as to contact the photoconductor 10 and collect the post-processing agent only when necessary. It may be.
[0027]
The present invention can also be applied to a full-color image forming apparatus. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a full-color image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes four developing devices 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, and 124 d that respectively contain yellow, cyan, magenta, and black developers around the photoreceptor 110. In the transfer area 128, a rotationally driven transfer drum 160 is opposed to the photoreceptor 110 so as to be able to contact and separate, and a transfer charger 130 provided inside the transfer drum 160 faces the photoreceptor 110 via the transfer area 128. ing. Near the outer peripheral surface of the transfer drum 160, a brush roller 148 of the same type as the brush roller 48 is provided, and a voltage having a polarity (positive polarity) different from the charging polarity of the toner is applied to the brush roller 148. .
[0028]
In this image forming apparatus, at the time of image formation, the toner images created by the developing devices 124a, 124b, 124c, and 124d are sequentially conveyed to the transfer region 128. In the transfer area 128, a charge having a polarity different from the charging polarity of the toner is applied from the transfer charger 130 to the transfer drum 160 passing through the transfer area, whereby the toner images are sequentially transferred and superimposed on a predetermined area of the transfer drum 160. Is done. The superimposed toner images are then transferred to a sheet (not shown).
[0029]
The toner image does not need to be superimposed on the transfer drum 160. The toner image once transferred to the transfer drum 160 may be superimposed on the sheet, or the sheet is held on the outer peripheral surface of the transfer drum 160 by an appropriate chuck mechanism. The toner images may be superimposed on the sheet.
[0030]
When supplying the post-processing agent to the cleaning region 136, the toner and the post-processing agent are supplied to the photosensitive member from one or a plurality of developing devices. Next, in the transfer region 128, based on the discharge of the transfer charger 130, the post-treatment agent component particles charged to the same polarity as the charging polarity (negative polarity) of the toner are collected on the transfer drum 160, Only the component particles of the post-treatment agent charged to a polarity different from the charging polarity are selectively supplied to the cleaning region 136. The component particles of the post-processing agent supplied to the transfer drum 160 are electrically collected by the brush roller 148 that is in contact with the transfer drum 160.
[0031]
The following specific examples and comparative examples were evaluated for items described below.
[0032]
Example 1: Toner (black toner) is a colorant based on 100 parts of polyester resin (using ethylene glycol modified bisphenol A and propylene glycol modified bisphenol A as alcohol components and terephthalic acid as acid component) as resin. 5 parts of carbon black and 5 parts of metal-containing salicylic acid compound E84 as a charge control material are mixed by heating and kneading to separate and cool the material. To obtain an average particle size of 8 microns. As a post-treatment agent for the toner, for improving fluidity and charging control, 0.75 part of H1300 as silica fine particles, 0.75 part of STT30 as titanium oxide fine particles, and after charging to a polarity different from that of the toner 1.5 parts of strontium titanate particles SW-100 were added as treatment agent component particles, and the toner was post-treated by stirring with a Henschel mixer. As a carrier, a ferrite material F300 (average particle size 50 microns) manufactured by PTK was coated with a silicone acrylic resin. As the developer, a toner prepared by adjusting the toner and the carrier so that the toner density is 6% is used. The image forming apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 1 (digital copying machine Di30 (copying speed 30 manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) is used. Sheet / min, the photosensitive member is an organic photosensitive member))) and the occurrence of image noise (described later) was evaluated. The developer charge amount was minus 25 microcoulombs. As the brush roller, a brush in which a brush made of conductive rayon fiber was planted was used, and a voltage of +500 volts was applied when recovering the post-treatment agent.
[0033]
Example 2 In the structure of Example 1, an image having a width of 1 cm (toner adhesion amount 0.7 mg / cm 2) extending in the axial direction is formed between the images of the photoconductor, and the image is cleaned without being transferred to a sheet. did.
[0034]
Example 3 Using the following three types of color developers in addition to the black developer, an image was formed and evaluated using the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. Yellow developer: 3 parts of KET Yellow 401 manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. was added as a colorant, and a toner was prepared by the method of Example 1, and a developer was prepared using the same carrier. This developer exhibited a charge amount of −26 microcoulomb. Magenta developer: Similarly, 3 parts of KET Red 103 manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals was added as a colorant and prepared in the same manner as the yellow developer. The charge amount of this developer was -24 microcoulomb. Cyan developer: 3 parts of KET Blue 103 manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd. was added as a colorant and prepared in the same manner as the yellow developer. The charge amount of this developer was -27 microcoulomb. The image forming apparatus uses the full-color copier shown in FIG. 2 (Minolta digital full-color CF900, copy number 6 sheets / min, organic photoconductor), and has a width of 1 cm extending in the axial direction between the image portions of the photoconductor. An image (toner adhesion amount 0.7 mg / cm 2) was formed and transferred to a transfer drum with a transfer charger (transfer bias: +700 volts) to form an image.
[0035]
Comparative Example 1: An image was created with a configuration in which the brush roller was removed from the image forming apparatus of Example 1.
[0036]
Comparative Example 2: An image was created without applying a bias to the brush roller of the image forming apparatus of Example 1.
[0037]
Comparative Example 3: In the image forming apparatus of Example 3, after the toner is adhered to the inter-image portion of the photoconductor, the transfer drum is separated from the photoconductor, and the post-processing agent to be removed from the photoconductor is transferred in the transfer region. The image was created without removal.
[0038]
Comparative Example 4: In place of the post-treatment agent of Example 1, 0.75 parts of silica fine particles H1300 and 0.75 parts of titanium oxide STT30 are charged to the toner with the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner. As a post-treatment agent, 1.5 parts of silica fine particles were added, and this was obtained by stirring with a Henschel mixer. Others were the same as Example 1.
[0039]
Evaluation items and evaluation methods are as follows.
[0040]
Post-process reverse polarity evaluation: After developing with CF900 using the developers of Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, a negative voltage was applied to the transfer drum, and the component particles of the post-process agent adhering to the transfer drum were Elemental analysis and qualitative analysis were performed with an X-ray microanalyzer.
[0041]
Image noise evaluation: A chart with a black-and-white ratio of 6% was copied on A3 / B5 size paper, 500 sheets in succession, and 500 sheets intermittently, totaling 100,000 sheets. Further, a halftone image was copied every 10,000 sheets to evaluate image noise (BS). In the case of a full-color copying machine, a total of 30,000 copies of a chart containing 15% of each color were copied in the same mode as a monochrome copying machine. Evaluation was performed every 5,000 sheets.
[0042]
Component analysis of toner adhering to the surface of the photosensitive member in the upstream area of the cleaning region: The state of the toner adhering to the surface of the photosensitive member upstream of the cleaning device is evaluated by an X-ray microanalyzer, Whether or not the amount of strontium titanate) was increased compared to the amount of toner was evaluated based on the results of elemental analysis.
[0043]
Blade evaluation of the cleaning device: The state of the post-treatment agent collected in the contact portion between the blade of the cleaning device and the photosensitive member is observed with an electron microscope, and elemental analysis is performed with an X-ray microanalyzer, and the post-treatment agent collected A qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis was performed.
[0044]
Observation of photoreceptor surface after printing durability: While observing the photoreceptor surface with an optical microscope, an elemental analysis was performed with an X-ray microanalyzer, and if there was a deposit, a qualitative analysis was performed.
[0045]
The evaluation results are shown in the table of FIG. As is apparent from this table, in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be understood that the number of copies until image noise is generated is larger than that in the comparative example, and generation of image noise can be suppressed. Further, in this embodiment, the presence of the brush roller ensures that the post-treatment agent component particles having a polarity different from the charging polarity of the toner are accumulated on the upstream side of the contact portion between the blade and the photosensitive member, and the static mass (static layer) is collected. It can be understood that the surface of the photoreceptor after printing can be kept clean with no deposits.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a monochromatic image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a full-color image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a chart showing evaluation results of examples and comparative examples.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Photosensitive body, 24 ... Developing device, 28 ... Transfer area, 36 ... Cleaning area, 48 ... Brush roller.

Claims (4)

所定の方向に回転する静電潜像担持体の外周面に形成された静電潜像を現像領域において現像剤の像として可視像化し、次に上記現像剤の像を転写領域において転写部材に転写し、続いて上記転写部材に転写されずに上記静電潜像担持体上に残留している現像剤をクリーニング領域においてブレードで除去すると共に、上記現像剤に後処理剤を添加している画像形成装置において、上記転写領域から上記クリーニング領域までの間に、上記現像剤に添加されている後処理剤のうち、上記現像剤の帯電極性と異なる極性の成分粒子を上記静電潜像担持体に残し、上記現像剤の帯電極性と同一極性の電荷を有する成分粒子を除去する手段を設けたことを特徴とする画像形成装置。The electrostatic latent image formed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier rotating in a predetermined direction is visualized as a developer image in the development area, and then the developer image is transferred to the transfer member in the transfer area. Then, the developer remaining on the latent electrostatic image bearing member without being transferred to the transfer member is removed with a blade in the cleaning area, and a post-treatment agent is added to the developer. Among the post-processing agents added to the developer between the transfer area and the cleaning area, component particles having a polarity different from the charged polarity of the developer are removed from the electrostatic latent image. An image forming apparatus comprising means for removing component particles that remain on the carrier and have the same polarity as the charge of the developer. 上記静電潜像担持体上における静電潜像形成領域以外の領域に、上記後処理剤を含む現像剤を供給することを特徴とする画像形成装置。An image forming apparatus comprising: supplying a developer containing the post-processing agent to an area other than the electrostatic latent image forming area on the electrostatic latent image carrier. 上記除去手段が上記静電潜像担持体の外周面に接触可能な回転部材であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the removing means is a rotating member capable of contacting the outer peripheral surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier. 上記現像剤の帯電極性と異なる極性の成分粒子が、チタン酸ストロンチウムであることを特徴とする画像形成装置。An image forming apparatus, wherein the component particles having a polarity different from the charged polarity of the developer is strontium titanate.
JP24699097A 1997-07-09 1997-09-11 Image forming apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3690083B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24699097A JP3690083B2 (en) 1997-09-11 1997-09-11 Image forming apparatus
US09/111,889 US6014540A (en) 1997-07-09 1998-07-08 Image forming apparatus having a device for removing charged materials prior to cleaning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24699097A JP3690083B2 (en) 1997-09-11 1997-09-11 Image forming apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH1184877A JPH1184877A (en) 1999-03-30
JP3690083B2 true JP3690083B2 (en) 2005-08-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP24699097A Expired - Fee Related JP3690083B2 (en) 1997-07-09 1997-09-11 Image forming apparatus

Country Status (1)

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JP (1) JP3690083B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH1184877A (en) 1999-03-30

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