JP3686032B2 - Vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a fuel reforming / supply function - Google Patents

Vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a fuel reforming / supply function Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3686032B2
JP3686032B2 JP2001385957A JP2001385957A JP3686032B2 JP 3686032 B2 JP3686032 B2 JP 3686032B2 JP 2001385957 A JP2001385957 A JP 2001385957A JP 2001385957 A JP2001385957 A JP 2001385957A JP 3686032 B2 JP3686032 B2 JP 3686032B2
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Prior art keywords
fuel
internal combustion
combustion engine
reformed
gas
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JP2003184667A (en
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朴 銭
康次郎 相本
貴浩 郡司
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の車両として燃料用改質器を備えたものが知られている（例えば特開昭５２−９８８１９号公報、特開２０００−２９１４９９号公報参照）。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら従来の燃料用改質器によると、改質された燃料はガス状であるものがほとんどであり、改質後に液体として得られる高オクタン価成分は少ない。ガス燃料は同一発熱量の液体燃料と比較して体積が極めて大きいために、内燃機関への充填効率が低下し、内燃機関の出力を大きくすることが難しい。また、ガス燃料は一時的にも貯蔵しておくことが困難なため、例えば車両の加速時のように多量の燃料を必要とする場合に対応が困難である。
【０００４】
一方、従来の改質器は、改質に必要な熱を排気ガスの余熱より得ているので、排気ガスの温度が内燃機関の運転状況によって大きく変化することから、改質反応が不安定になるという問題があった。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、高オクタン価成分量が多い改質液体燃料を得て、内燃機関のエネルギ効率を向上させ得るようにし、更に前記改質反応を安定化し得るようにした前記車両を提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
前記目的を達成するため本発明によれば、内燃機関を搭載した車両に、液体燃料の少なくとも一部を脱水素環化反応により改質して、芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料および水素に富む改質ガス燃料を生成する改質器と、前記改質液体燃料と前記改質ガス燃料を分離する気液分離装置と、前記改質液体燃料の少なくとも一部を前記内燃機関にそれの燃料として供給する装置と、前記改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を前記改質器のガス燃焼式加熱器に供給する装置と、前記改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を前記内燃機 関に供給する装置とを備えた、内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両が提供される。
【０００７】
前記脱水素環化反応によれば、オクタン価の低い炭化水素を含む液体燃料から、芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料を得ることができ、これにより内燃機関のエネルギ効率を向上させることが可能である。
【０００８】
また上記芳香族炭化水素が生成する際に、オクタン化の低い炭化水素の脱水素反応により水素に富んだ改質ガス燃料が生成するが、この改質ガス燃料を改質液体燃料から分離して、その少なくとも一部を改質器の加熱用ガス燃焼式加熱器に、その燃料として定常的に供給し得るので、改質器の改質反応を安定化させることが可能である。しかもその改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関にも供給することが可能である。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１に示す内燃機関１を搭載した車両の燃料供給システムにおいて、燃料タンク２が、開閉弁４を有する供給管３を介して改質器５の入口側に接続され、その改質器５の出口側は開閉弁６を有する供給管７を介して気液分離装置８の入口側に接続される。気液分離装置８の第１の出口側は開閉弁９を有する供給管１０を介して内燃機関１の燃料導入側に接続され、また第２の出口側は開閉弁１１を有する供給管１２を介して改質器５の加熱用ガス燃焼式加熱器１３に接続される。供給管３における、燃料タンク２および開閉弁４間と内燃機関１の燃料導入側とが開閉弁１４を有する供給管１５を介して接続される。また供給管１２における、気液分離装置８および開閉弁１１間と内燃機関１の燃料導入側とが開閉弁１６を有する供給管１７を介して接続される。
【００１０】
燃料タンク２内には液体燃料が注入されている。改質器５は原料である液体燃料を脱水素環化反応により接触改質する機能を有するもので、液体燃料から芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料と水素に富む改質ガス燃料とを生成する。その改質ガス燃料には、水素の外にメタン、エタン、プロパン等のパラフィン系炭化水素ガスが含まれる。 気液分離装置８は、芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料と、水素に富む改質ガス燃料とを分離して、その改質液体燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関１に供給し、また改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を改質器５のガス燃焼式加熱器１３に供給する機能を有する。さらに気液分離装置８は改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関１に供給する機能も有する。実施例では、気液分離装置８は気液分離機能と燃料供給機能とを有するが、燃料供給は別の装置により行うようにしてもよい。
【００１１】
改質器５に脱水素環化反応を促進する触媒が充填される。脱水素環化反応用触媒としては、例えばゼオライトのような結晶性アルミノシリケート、特に、ＭＦＩ構造を持ったＺＳＭ−５ゼオライトが好適であり、好ましくは、ガリウム、亜鉛および白金から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有することが望ましい。また脱水素環化反応の温度は４００〜７００℃に設定される。
【００１２】
表１はプロトン型ＺＳＭ−５（Ｈ−ＺＳＭ−５）、ガリウム修飾ＺＳＭ−５（Ｇａ−ＺＳＭ−５）および亜鉛修飾ＺＳＭ−５（Ｚｎ−ＺＳＭ−５）をそれぞれ触媒とし、燃料としてｎ−ペンタンを用いて脱水素環化反応を行った改質結果を示す。ガリウムおよび亜鉛の量は触媒重量の２ｗｔ％とした。改質条件は重量空間速度（ＷＨＳＶ）２ｈ-1、改質温度５５０℃、改質圧０．１ＭＰａとした。
【００１３】
【表１】

Figure 0003686032
【００１４】
表１より、Ｈ−ＺＳＭ−５を触媒として用いると、脱水素環化反応が十分に進行することが明らかである。ガリウムまたは亜鉛で修飾した触媒を用いると、芳香族炭化水素と水素の収量が、Ｈ−ＺＳＭ−５を用いた場合よりも増加していることが判る。
【００１５】
前記構造において、開閉弁４が開で、且つ開閉弁１４が閉の状態で、液体燃料が液体燃料タンク２から供給管３を通じて改質器５の入口に供給される。この場合、開閉弁１４を開くことにより、液体燃料を改質せずに内燃機関へ供給することも可能である。改質器５においては液体燃料の脱水素環化反応により芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料および水素に富む改質ガス燃料よりなる改質燃料が生成される。改質燃料は改質器５の出口より開閉弁６が開の状態で供給管７を通じて気液分離装置８に供給される。気液分離装置８において、改質燃料は改質液体燃料と、改質ガス燃料とに分離され、改質液体燃料は開閉弁９が開の状態で供給管１０を通じて内燃機関１に供給される。一方、改質ガス燃料は開閉弁１１が開で、且つ開閉弁１６が閉の状態で供給管１２を通じて、改質器５の加熱用ガス燃焼式加熱器１３に供給される。この場合、改質ガス燃料の一部を、開閉弁１６が開の状態で供給管１７を通じて内燃機関１に供給することも可能である。また内燃機関１の排気ガスの熱を改質器５の加熱用熱源としてガス燃焼式加熱器１３と共に使用することも可能である。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、内燃機関を搭載した車両が、液体燃料の少なくとも一部を脱水素環化反応により改質して、芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料および水素に富む改質ガス燃料を生成する改質器と、改質液体燃料と改質ガス燃料を分離する気液分離装置と、改質液体燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関にそれの燃料として供給する装置と、改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を改質器のガス燃焼式加熱器に供給する装置と、改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関に供給する装置とを備えるので、上記改質器によって、オクタン価の低い炭化水素を含む液体燃料から芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料を得て、内燃機関のエネルギ効率を向上させることが可能である。
【００１７】
また上記芳香族炭化水素が生成する際に、オクタン化の低い炭化水素の脱水素反応により水素に富んだ改質ガス燃料が生成するが、この改質ガス燃料を上記気液分離装置によって改質液体燃料から分離して、その少なくとも一部を燃料として改質器の加熱用ガス燃焼式加熱器に定常的に供給し得るので、改質器の改質反応を安定化させることが可能であり、しかもその改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を内燃機関にも供給可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 燃料供給システムの系統図である。
【符号の説明】
１…………内燃機関
５…………改質器
８…………気液分離装置
１３………加熱器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and having a fuel reforming / supply function.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a vehicle equipped with a fuel reformer is known as this type of vehicle (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 52-98819 and 2000-291499).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the conventional reformer for fuel, the reformed fuel is mostly in a gaseous state, and there are few high octane components obtained as a liquid after reforming. Since the gas fuel has an extremely large volume as compared with the liquid fuel having the same calorific value, the charging efficiency into the internal combustion engine is lowered and it is difficult to increase the output of the internal combustion engine. Further, since it is difficult to store gas fuel temporarily, it is difficult to cope with a case where a large amount of fuel is required, for example, when the vehicle is accelerated.
[0004]
On the other hand, the conventional reformer obtains the heat necessary for reforming from the residual heat of the exhaust gas, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas changes greatly depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine, so the reforming reaction becomes unstable. There was a problem of becoming.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle in which a reformed liquid fuel having a high amount of high octane number components is obtained, energy efficiency of an internal combustion engine can be improved , and further, the reforming reaction can be stabilized. And
[0006]
To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a high-octane reformed liquid rich in aromatic hydrocarbons is obtained by reforming at least a part of a liquid fuel by a dehydrocyclization reaction in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. A reformer that generates a reformed gas fuel rich in fuel and hydrogen, a gas-liquid separator that separates the reformed liquid fuel and the reformed gas fuel, and at least a part of the reformed liquid fuel from the internal combustion engine to a device for supplying as its fuel, a device for supplying a gas combustion type heater of the reformer at least a portion of the reformed gas fuel, at least part of the reformed gas fuel to the internal combustion agencies A vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and having a fuel reforming / supply function is provided.
[0007]
According to the dehydrocyclization reaction, it is possible to obtain a reformed liquid fuel having a high octane number rich in aromatic hydrocarbons from a liquid fuel containing a hydrocarbon having a low octane number, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine. It is possible.
[0008]
Also when generating the above-mentioned aromatic hydrocarbons, although reformed gas fuel rich hydrogen produced by the dehydrogenation of lower hydrocarbons octane separates the reformed gas fuel from the reforming liquid fuel Since at least a part of the fuel can be steadily supplied to the gas combustion heater for heating the reformer as the fuel, the reforming reaction of the reformer can be stabilized. Moreover, at least a part of the reformed gas fuel can be supplied also to the internal combustion engine.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the vehicle fuel supply system equipped with the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1, a fuel tank 2 is connected to the inlet side of the reformer 5 via a supply pipe 3 having an on-off valve 4. The outlet side is connected to the inlet side of the gas-liquid separator 8 through a supply pipe 7 having an on-off valve 6. The first outlet side of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the fuel introduction side of the internal combustion engine 1 via a supply pipe 10 having an on-off valve 9, and the second outlet side has a supply pipe 12 having an on-off valve 11. To the gas-fired heater 13 for heating of the reformer 5. In the supply pipe 3, the fuel tank 2 and the on-off valve 4 are connected to the fuel introduction side of the internal combustion engine 1 through a supply pipe 15 having an on-off valve 14. In the supply pipe 12, the gas-liquid separator 8 and the on-off valve 11 are connected to the fuel introduction side of the internal combustion engine 1 through a supply pipe 17 having an on-off valve 16.
[0010]
Liquid fuel is injected into the fuel tank 2. The reformer 5 has a function of catalytically reforming a liquid fuel as a raw material by a dehydrocyclization reaction. The reformer 5 is a high-octane reformed liquid fuel rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and a reformed gas rich in hydrogen. Producing fuel. The reformed gas fuel contains paraffinic hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, and propane in addition to hydrogen. The gas-liquid separator 8 separates the high-octane reformed liquid fuel rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and the reformed gas fuel rich in hydrogen, and supplies at least a part of the reformed liquid fuel to the internal combustion engine 1. In addition, it has a function of supplying at least a part of the reformed gas fuel to the gas combustion heater 13 of the reformer 5. Further, the gas-liquid separator 8 also has a function of supplying at least a part of the reformed gas fuel to the internal combustion engine 1. In the embodiment, the gas-liquid separation device 8 has a gas-liquid separation function and a fuel supply function, but the fuel supply may be performed by another device.
[0011]
The reformer 5 is filled with a catalyst that promotes the dehydrocyclization reaction. As the catalyst for the dehydrocyclization reaction, for example, a crystalline aluminosilicate such as zeolite, particularly ZSM-5 zeolite having an MFI structure is suitable, and preferably at least one selected from gallium, zinc and platinum is used. It is desirable to contain. The temperature of the dehydrocyclization reaction is set to 400 to 700 ° C.
[0012]
Table 1 shows proton-type ZSM-5 (H-ZSM-5), gallium-modified ZSM-5 (Ga-ZSM-5) and zinc-modified ZSM-5 (Zn-ZSM-5) as catalysts and n- The reforming result of dehydrocyclization reaction using pentane is shown. The amount of gallium and zinc was 2 wt% of the catalyst weight. The reforming conditions were a weight space velocity (WHSV) of 2 h −1 , a reforming temperature of 550 ° C., and a reforming pressure of 0.1 MPa.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003686032
[0014]
From Table 1, it is clear that the dehydrocyclization reaction proceeds sufficiently when H-ZSM-5 is used as a catalyst. It can be seen that the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen are increased when using catalysts modified with gallium or zinc, compared to when H-ZSM-5 is used.
[0015]
In the above structure, liquid fuel is supplied from the liquid fuel tank 2 to the inlet of the reformer 5 through the supply pipe 3 with the on-off valve 4 open and the on-off valve 14 closed. In this case, the liquid fuel can be supplied to the internal combustion engine without reforming by opening the on-off valve 14. In the reformer 5, a reformed fuel composed of a high-octane reformed liquid fuel rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and a reformed gas fuel rich in hydrogen is generated by a dehydrocyclization reaction of the liquid fuel. The reformed fuel is supplied from the outlet of the reformer 5 to the gas-liquid separator 8 through the supply pipe 7 with the on-off valve 6 open. In the gas-liquid separator 8, the reformed fuel is separated into reformed liquid fuel and reformed gas fuel, and the reformed liquid fuel is supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 through the supply pipe 10 with the on-off valve 9 open. . On the other hand, the reformed gas fuel is supplied to the heating gas combustion type heater 13 of the reformer 5 through the supply pipe 12 with the on-off valve 11 open and the on-off valve 16 closed. In this case, part of the reformed gas fuel can be supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 through the supply pipe 17 with the on-off valve 16 open. It is also possible to use the heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 as a heat source for heating the reformer 5 together with the gas combustion type heater 13.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine reforms at least a part of a liquid fuel by a dehydrocyclization reaction to improve a high-octane reformed liquid fuel rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and a hydrogen-rich modified fuel. A reformer that generates a gaseous fuel, a gas-liquid separator that separates the reformed liquid fuel and the reformed gas fuel, an apparatus that supplies at least a part of the reformed liquid fuel to the internal combustion engine as its fuel, Since the apparatus includes a device for supplying at least a part of the reformed gas fuel to the gas combustion heater of the reformer and a device for supplying at least a part of the reformed gas fuel to the internal combustion engine, to obtain a high octane reformed liquid fuel-rich from a liquid fuel containing a low hydrocarbon octane aromatic hydrocarbons, it is possible Rukoto improve the energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
[0017]
In addition, when the aromatic hydrocarbon is produced, a reformed gas fuel rich in hydrogen is produced by a dehydrogenation reaction of a hydrocarbon with low octanation. This reformed gas fuel is reformed by the gas-liquid separator. It is possible to stabilize the reforming reaction of the reformer , because it can be separated from the liquid fuel and at least a part of the fuel can be constantly supplied to the gas combustion heater for heating the reformer . Moreover, at least a part of the reformed gas fuel can be supplied to the internal combustion engine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a fuel supply system.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Internal combustion engine 5 ... Reformer 8 ... Gas-liquid separator 13 ... Heater

Claims (4)

内燃機関（１）を搭載した車両に、液体燃料の少なくとも一部を脱水素環化反応により改質して、芳香族炭化水素に富む高オクタン価の改質液体燃料および水素に富む改質ガス燃料を生成する改質器（５）と、前記改質液体燃料と前記改質ガス燃料を分離する気液分離装置（８）と、前記改質液体燃料の少なくとも一部を前記内燃機関（１）にそれの燃料として供給する装置と、前記改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を前記改質器（５）のガス燃焼式加熱器（１３）に供給する装置と、前記改質ガス燃料の少なくとも一部を前記内燃機関（１）に供給する装置とを備えた、内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両。A high-octane reformed liquid fuel rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and a reformed gas fuel rich in hydrogen by reforming at least a part of the liquid fuel by a dehydrocyclization reaction on a vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine (1) , A gas-liquid separator (8) for separating the reformed liquid fuel and the reformed gas fuel, and at least part of the reformed liquid fuel for the internal combustion engine (1) A device for supplying the reformed gas fuel to the gas combustion heater (13) of the reformer (5), and at least one of the reformed gas fuel. A vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and having a fuel reforming / supply function, comprising a device for supplying a portion to the internal combustion engine (1) . 脱水素環化反応に用いられる触媒が結晶性アルミノシリケートである、請求項１記載の内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両。A vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and having a fuel reforming / supply function, wherein the catalyst used in the dehydrocyclization reaction is crystalline aluminosilicate. 前記結晶性アルミノシリケートがＭＦＩ構造を持つ、請求項２記載の内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両。The vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine according to claim 2 , wherein the crystalline aluminosilicate has an MFI structure, and has a fuel reforming and supplying function. 前記結晶性アルミノシリケートが、ガリウム、亜鉛および白金から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項３記載の内燃機関を搭載し、且つ燃料の改質・供給機能を有する車両。The vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine according to claim 3 , wherein the crystalline aluminosilicate includes at least one selected from gallium, zinc, and platinum and having a fuel reforming / supply function.
JP2001385957A 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a fuel reforming / supply function Expired - Fee Related JP3686032B2 (en)

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