JP3671099B2 - Method and apparatus for melting and separating aluminum from raw materials containing aluminum and a metal having a higher melting point - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for melting and separating aluminum from raw materials containing aluminum and a metal having a higher melting point Download PDF

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JP3671099B2
JP3671099B2 JP902197A JP902197A JP3671099B2 JP 3671099 B2 JP3671099 B2 JP 3671099B2 JP 902197 A JP902197 A JP 902197A JP 902197 A JP902197 A JP 902197A JP 3671099 B2 JP3671099 B2 JP 3671099B2
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Prior art keywords
crucible
aluminum
metal
melting point
basket
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JPH10204553A (en
Inventor
民雄 岡田
俊昭 佐野
英雄 吉川
寛 郷田
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Nippon Crucible Co Ltd
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Nippon Crucible Co Ltd
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Priority to JP902197A priority Critical patent/JP3671099B2/en
Priority to TW086109449A priority patent/TW460584B/en
Priority to AU28478/97A priority patent/AU711071B2/en
Priority to US08/890,420 priority patent/US5810907A/en
Priority to MYPI97003112A priority patent/MY116927A/en
Priority to CNB97114608XA priority patent/CN1138965C/en
Priority to BR9703965-9A priority patent/BR9703965A/en
Priority to MXPA97005316A priority patent/MXPA97005316A/en
Priority to IDP972420A priority patent/ID18567A/en
Publication of JPH10204553A publication Critical patent/JPH10204553A/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、廃材の効果的なリサイクル利用を主目的とし、アルミニウムとそれより高融点の金属とを含んだ原材料からアルミニウムを溶解して分離する方法および装置に関し、とくに、簡単な装置と温度制御により原材料を連続的に処理してアルミニウムのみを適切に溶解分離する技術に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
よく知られているように、近年のリサイクル運動の潮流にともなって、廃棄された自動車やオートバイもしくは電気冷蔵庫などの金属製品は、破砕などの手段によって解体・分離され、再生地金としてリサイクルに供されている。
【０００３】
ところで、前記金属製品には鉄材もしくは銅材などを含むアルミニウム複合金属が使用されている場合が少なくないが、一般にこれらの複合金属をリサイクル可能な再生地金とする場合、人手による破砕手段に頼るのでは非効率である上、十分に解体・分離することは困難である。
【０００４】
そこで、これらのアルミニウム複合金属を溶解炉に投入し、融点の差を利用して分離する方法が知られている。例えばオートバイのエンジン部分のように鉄材を多く含むアルミニウム複合金属の場合には、炉の温度をアルミニウム材の融点よりも高くかつ鉄材よりも低くなるように保つことにより、溶解したアルミニウム材と、固体として溶湯中に沈んでいる鉄材とに分離することができる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
溶解炉による処理は溶解作業と溶湯の取り出し作業とを交互に繰り返すというバッチ処理である。前述のようなアルミニウム複合金属材料を大量に炉に投入し、アルミニウムが溶解し、銅や鉄などの金属は溶解しない温度に保ち、アルミニウムのみをほぼ全部溶解させる。そして、アルミニウム溶湯と未溶解の銅や鉄とを分離回収する。しかし、このような温度管理、温度制御は簡単だとはいえない。温度管理に失敗して温度を上昇させすぎてしまい、例えば銅の融点にまで達してしまうと、アルミニウム溶湯が銅と合金化してしまう。電気冷蔵庫のラジエータ部分などでは、アルミニウムと融点の近い銅材を含んでいるので、上述した理由で溶解炉を用いて適切に分離することが簡単ではなく、そのため人手により解体・分離しており、非効率であった。
【０００６】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたものであって、その目的は、坩堝炉を原型とした比較的簡単な装置により溶湯温度を適切に制御しつつ原材料を連続的に処理し、アルミニウムを適切に溶解して分離する方法および装置を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のうち請求項１に記載の発明は、アルミニウムとそれより高融点の金属とを含んだ原材料からアルミニウムを溶解して分離する方法であって、つぎの要件（１）（２）（３）を備えることとした。
【０００８】
（１）胴部の中間高さ付近に出湯穴を貫通形成してある坩堝を炉本体内に上向きに設置して当該坩堝を外周から加熱する。
【０００９】
（２）アルミニウムとそれより高融点の金属とを含んだ原材料を前記坩堝に投入し、当該坩堝内でアルミニウムを溶解し、当該坩堝に溜まったアルミニウム溶湯が前記出湯穴から外部に排出される。
【００１０】
（３）前記坩堝内のアルミニウム溶湯中に未溶解のアルミニウムが常に存在している状態を保つように、前記原材料を適量づつ適時に前記坩堝に追加投入する。
【００１１】
また、本発明のうち請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の発明において、前記原材料を高融点金属材料からなるバスケットに収容して前記坩堝内に投入し、溶解せずに残った高融点金属を前記バスケットとともに引き上げて回収することとした。
【００１２】
また、本発明のうち請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、胴部中間高さ付近に出湯穴を貫通形成してある坩堝と、この坩堝を炉内に上向きに設置して当該坩堝をバーナーにより外周から加熱する炉本体と、前記原材料を収容する高融点金属製のバスケットと、このバスケットを前記坩堝の上方から出し入れするためのリフトとを備えることとした。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の実施例を図１に示している。炉本体１の内張り耐火物で囲まれた燃焼室の中央に台２を設置し、台２の上に坩堝３を載置している。台２および坩堝３は炉本体１の側壁部分の穴に設置されているバーナー（図示せず）により加熱される。炉本体１の側壁部分には掃除口４が２箇所に設けられている。また、炉本体１の上部には覆い被さる形態で架台５を設置している。坩堝３の胴部中間高さ付近には出湯穴６が貫通形成されている。
【００１４】
図示した原材料１０は電気冷蔵庫のラジエータであり、アルミニウムフィン部８および銅パイプ部９との複合材料である。この原材料１０を、ワイヤ１１に結んで吊下げ、坩堝３内に上部開口１２から収容し、バーナーで坩堝３を外周から加熱する。アルミニウムの融点（６６０．４℃）は銅の融点（１０８４．５℃）に比べて低いため、アルミニウムフィン部８が銅パイプ部９よりも先に下方から溶解し始める。このとき、アルミニウムフィン部８が全て溶解してしまわないように原材料１０を投入していき、固体のアルミニウム材が常に坩堝３内に残留するようにすれば、バーナーからの熱の一部は固体のアルミニウム材の融解熱（９４．８Ｋｃａｌ／Ｋｇ）として消費されて溶湯の温度はアルミニウムの融点近傍にほぼ一定に保持され、溶湯の温度が上昇して銅パイプ部９が溶解してしまうことはない。
【００１５】
図３はアルミニウムの加熱時間に対する温度変化をグラフで示したものである。加熱してしばらくの間は急激に温度が上昇しているが、１３．２秒後に温度上昇が鈍り始め、６０．６秒後までは殆どアルミニウムの温度は融点近傍に保たれている。これはアルミニウムの融解熱がアルミニウムの温度上昇を抑制していることを示している。
【００１６】
アルミニウムフィン部８の溶解により湯面が上昇し上述した出湯穴６の高さにまで達すると、溶湯は出湯穴６からこぼれ出て坩堝３の外部に排出され、炉本体１の保持室１３へ流れて溜まる。炉本体１の内部には燃焼室１４から保持室１３そして出湯樋１５につながる湯道が形成されており、保持室１３に溜まったアルミニウム溶湯は重力の作用で出湯樋１５から炉外に排出される。保持室１３のアルミニウム溶湯の冷却を防止するために、炉本体１には補助バーナー１６を設置してあり、これにより保持室１３の上方から溶湯を加熱する。
【００１７】
ところで、原材料１０はいきなり溶湯に接するのではなく、坩堝３内の上部空間で加熱しながら徐々に溶湯に浸漬させるようにする。原材料１０に付着した水分や油分などは坩堝３内の上部空間を通過する間に除去され、水蒸気爆発などのような激しい反応が起きるおそれは少なく、安全性が高い。
【００１８】
図２ではアルミニウムよりも融点が高い鉄製のバスケット１７に、電気冷蔵庫を破砕して鉄材を電磁力で分離して残ったアルミニウム複合金属を原材料１０として入れて坩堝３内へ収容している。原材料１０はバスケット１７が残留物で一杯になるまで追加する。このようにすれば、アルミニウム複合金属が溶解してしまった直後に、バスケット１７を引上げて鉄材などの残留物を容易に回収することができる。また、バスケット１７をワイヤ１１で吊下げ、ワイヤ１１をリフト１８により上下させるようにすれば、人手による作業が軽減される上、坩堝３への廃材の投入および回収作業を迅速に行うことができる。
【００１９】
また、リフト１８が水平方向に移動可能となるように坩堝３の上方に設けたレール１９にリフト１８が垂下するようにすれば、架台５と坩堝３の上部においてバスケット１７の平行移動が容易になり作業のスピードアップを図ることができる。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
（１）アルミニウム溶湯中に固体のアルミニウムが常に残留するように坩堝に原材料を適量づつ適時に投入するため、アルミニウムの融解熱により特別な装置を用いることなく容易に溶湯温度を一定に保つことができ、溶解分離処理を効率よく連続して実施することができる。
【００２１】
（２）広く一般的に使われている坩堝炉を原型としているため、設置スペースが小さくてすみ、特に設備費や保守費および運転経費も安い。
【００２２】
（３）坩堝へ投入する廃材をバスケットに収納しているため、溶解せずに坩堝内に残留した金属を容易に回収することができる。また、バスケットをリフトにより巻き上げるため、バスケットの昇降が容易である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施例の縦断面図である。
【図２】同上実施例の縦断面図である。
【図３】アルミニウムインゴットを加熱した時の温度変化を表わすグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１ 炉本体
２ 台
３ 坩堝
４ 掃除口
５ 架台
６ 出湯穴
８ アルミニウムフィン部
９ 銅パイプ部
１０ ラジエータ
１１ ワイヤ
１２ 上部開口
１３ 保持室
１４ 燃焼室
１５ 出湯樋
１６ 補助バーナー
１７ バスケット
１８ リフト
１９ レール[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for dissolving and separating aluminum from raw materials containing aluminum and a metal having a melting point higher than that, mainly for effective recycling of waste materials, and in particular, simple apparatus and temperature control. The present invention relates to a technology for appropriately dissolving and separating only aluminum by continuously processing raw materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, along with the recent trend of the recycling movement, discarded metal products such as automobiles, motorcycles and electric refrigerators are dismantled and separated by means such as crushing and used as recycled bullion for recycling. Has been.
[0003]
By the way, there are many cases where aluminum composite metals including iron materials or copper materials are used for the metal products, but generally, when these composite metals are used as recyclable recycled metal, they rely on manual crushing means. Therefore, it is inefficient and it is difficult to disassemble and separate sufficiently.
[0004]
Therefore, a method is known in which these aluminum composite metals are put into a melting furnace and separated using a difference in melting points. For example, in the case of an aluminum composite metal containing a large amount of iron material such as an engine part of a motorcycle, the temperature of the furnace is kept higher than the melting point of the aluminum material and lower than that of the iron material. It can be separated into an iron material that is submerged in the molten metal.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The treatment by the melting furnace is a batch process in which a melting operation and a molten metal take-out operation are alternately repeated. A large amount of the above-mentioned aluminum composite metal material is put into a furnace, aluminum is melted, and a temperature such as copper and iron is kept at a temperature that does not melt, and almost all of aluminum is melted. Then, the molten aluminum and undissolved copper and iron are separated and recovered. However, such temperature management and temperature control is not easy. If the temperature control fails and the temperature is increased too much, for example, if the temperature reaches the melting point of copper, the molten aluminum is alloyed with copper. The radiator part of an electric refrigerator contains a copper material with a melting point close to that of aluminum, so it is not easy to properly separate using a melting furnace for the reasons described above, so it is dismantled and separated manually. It was inefficient.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to continuously process raw materials while appropriately controlling the molten metal temperature with a relatively simple apparatus using a crucible furnace as a prototype, and to appropriately control aluminum. The object is to provide a method and apparatus for dissolving and separating.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention is a method for dissolving and separating aluminum from a raw material containing aluminum and a metal having a melting point higher than that, and has the following requirements ( 1) (2) (3) was provided.
[0008]
(1) A crucible having a tapping hole formed in the vicinity of the middle height of the body portion is installed upward in the furnace body, and the crucible is heated from the outer periphery.
[0009]
(2) A raw material containing aluminum and a metal having a melting point higher than that is put into the crucible, the aluminum is melted in the crucible, and the molten aluminum stored in the crucible is discharged to the outside from the outlet hole.
[0010]
(3) An appropriate amount of the raw material is added to the crucible at an appropriate time in an appropriate manner so that undissolved aluminum is always present in the molten aluminum in the crucible.
[0011]
Further, the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is accommodated in a basket made of a refractory metal material, put into the crucible, and remains without melting. The refractory metal was collected together with the basket.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a crucible is formed in the vicinity of the middle height of the body portion. And a furnace body for installing the crucible upward in the furnace and heating the crucible from the outer periphery with a burner, a refractory metal basket for containing the raw materials, and the basket to be taken in and out from above the crucible. And a lift.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. A stand 2 is installed in the center of the combustion chamber surrounded by the refractory lining the furnace body 1, and a crucible 3 is placed on the stand 2. The table 2 and the crucible 3 are heated by a burner (not shown) installed in a hole in the side wall portion of the furnace body 1. The cleaning port 4 is provided in two places on the side wall portion of the furnace body 1. In addition, a gantry 5 is installed on the top of the furnace body 1 so as to cover it. In the vicinity of the middle height of the body part of the crucible 3, a tapping hole 6 is formed to penetrate.
[0014]
The illustrated raw material 10 is a radiator of an electric refrigerator, and is a composite material with an aluminum fin portion 8 and a copper pipe portion 9. This raw material 10 is suspended by being tied to a wire 11, and is accommodated in the crucible 3 from the upper opening 12, and the crucible 3 is heated from the outer periphery by a burner. Since the melting point of aluminum (660.4 ° C.) is lower than the melting point of copper (1084.5 ° C.), the aluminum fin portion 8 begins to melt from below before the copper pipe portion 9. At this time, if the raw material 10 is introduced so that the aluminum fin portion 8 does not completely dissolve and the solid aluminum material always remains in the crucible 3, a part of the heat from the burner is solid. Is consumed as the heat of fusion of the aluminum material ( 94.8 Kcal / Kg), and the temperature of the molten metal is kept almost constant near the melting point of aluminum, and the temperature of the molten metal rises and the copper pipe part 9 is melted. There is no.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change of aluminum with respect to the heating time. The temperature rises abruptly for a while after heating, but the temperature rise begins to slow after 13.2 seconds, and the temperature of aluminum is almost kept at the melting point until 60.6 seconds. This indicates that the heat of fusion of aluminum suppresses the temperature rise of aluminum.
[0016]
When the hot metal surface rises as a result of melting of the aluminum fin portion 8 and reaches the height of the aforementioned hot water outlet hole 6, the molten metal spills out of the hot water outlet hole 6 and is discharged to the outside of the crucible 3 and into the holding chamber 13 of the furnace body 1. Flow and accumulate. Inside the furnace main body 1, a runner leading from the combustion chamber 14 to the holding chamber 13 and the tapping cup 15 is formed, and the molten aluminum accumulated in the holding chamber 13 is discharged from the tapping pot 15 to the outside of the furnace by the action of gravity. The In order to prevent cooling of the molten aluminum in the holding chamber 13, an auxiliary burner 16 is installed in the furnace body 1, whereby the molten metal is heated from above the holding chamber 13.
[0017]
By the way, the raw material 10 is not suddenly brought into contact with the molten metal, but is gradually immersed in the molten metal while being heated in the upper space in the crucible 3. Moisture, oil, etc. adhering to the raw material 10 are removed while passing through the upper space in the crucible 3, and there is little risk of a violent reaction such as a steam explosion, and safety is high.
[0018]
In FIG. 2, in an iron basket 17 having a melting point higher than that of aluminum, the electric refrigerator is crushed and the iron material is separated by electromagnetic force, and the remaining aluminum composite metal is placed as a raw material 10 and accommodated in the crucible 3. Raw material 10 is added until the basket 17 is full of residue. In this way, immediately after the aluminum composite metal is dissolved, the basket 17 can be pulled up to easily collect residues such as iron. Further, if the basket 17 is suspended by the wire 11 and the wire 11 is moved up and down by the lift 18, the manual work can be reduced and the waste material can be charged into the crucible 3 and recovered quickly. .
[0019]
Further, if the lift 18 hangs down on the rail 19 provided above the crucible 3 so that the lift 18 can move in the horizontal direction, the basket 17 can be easily moved in parallel on the gantry 5 and the upper part of the crucible 3. Speed up the work.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
(1) In order to always keep the solid aluminum in the molten aluminum, the raw material is put into the crucible in an appropriate amount in a timely manner, so that the molten metal temperature can be easily kept constant without using a special device due to the heat of melting of the aluminum. And the dissolution and separation process can be carried out efficiently and continuously.
[0021]
(2) Since the crucible furnace which is widely used generally is used as a prototype, the installation space is small, and particularly the equipment cost, maintenance cost and operation cost are low.
[0022]
(3) Since the waste material thrown into the crucible is stored in the basket, the metal remaining in the crucible without being dissolved can be easily recovered. Moreover, since the basket is wound up by a lift, the basket can be easily moved up and down.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temperature change when an aluminum ingot is heated.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace main body 3 Crucible 4 Cleaning port 5 Base 6 Drain hole 8 Aluminum fin part 9 Copper pipe part 10 Radiator 11 Wire 12 Upper opening 13 Holding chamber 14 Combustion chamber 15 Hot water tap 16 Auxiliary burner 17 Basket 18 Lift 19 Rail

Claims (3)

アルミニウムとそれより高融点の金属とを含んだ原材料からアルミニウムを溶解して分離する方法であって、つぎの要件（１）（２）（３）を備える。
（１）胴部の中間高さ付近に出湯穴を貫通形成してある坩堝を炉本体内に上向きに設置して当該坩堝を外周から加熱する。
（２）アルミニウムとそれより高融点の金属とを含んだ原材料を前記坩堝に投入し、当該坩堝内でアルミニウムを溶解し、当該坩堝に溜まったアルミニウム溶湯が前記出湯穴から外部に排出される。
（３）前記坩堝内のアルミニウム溶湯中に未溶解のアルミニウムが常に存在している状態を保つように、前記原材料を適量づつ適時に前記坩堝に追加投入する。This is a method for dissolving and separating aluminum from a raw material containing aluminum and a metal having a melting point higher than that, and includes the following requirements (1), (2), and (3).
(1) A crucible having a tapping hole formed in the vicinity of the middle height of the body portion is installed upward in the furnace body, and the crucible is heated from the outer periphery.
(2) A raw material containing aluminum and a metal having a melting point higher than that is put into the crucible, the aluminum is melted in the crucible, and the molten aluminum stored in the crucible is discharged to the outside from the outlet hole.
(3) An appropriate amount of the raw material is added to the crucible at an appropriate time in an appropriate manner so that undissolved aluminum is always present in the molten aluminum in the crucible. 前記原材料を高融点金属材料からなるバスケットに収容して前記坩堝内に投入し、溶解せずに残った高融点金属を前記バスケットとともに引き上げて回収することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is placed in a basket made of a refractory metal material, put into the crucible, and the refractory metal remaining without being melted is pulled up together with the basket and collected. . 請求項１または２に記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、胴部中間高さ付近に出湯穴を貫通形成してある坩堝と、この坩堝を炉内に上向きに設置して当該坩堝をバーナーにより外周から加熱する炉本体と、前記原材料を収容する高融点金属製のバスケットと、このバスケットを前記坩堝の上方から出し入れするためのリフトとを備えたことを特徴とするアルミニウムの溶解分離装置。An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a crucible having a tapping hole formed in the vicinity of the middle height of the trunk portion, and the crucible is installed upward in the furnace. A melting point separation of aluminum, comprising: a furnace body that heats the material from the outer periphery by means of a burner; a refractory metal basket that contains the raw materials; and a lift that allows the basket to be taken in and out from above the crucible. apparatus.
JP902197A 1996-07-15 1997-01-21 Method and apparatus for melting and separating aluminum from raw materials containing aluminum and a metal having a higher melting point Expired - Fee Related JP3671099B2 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP902197A JP3671099B2 (en) 1997-01-21 1997-01-21 Method and apparatus for melting and separating aluminum from raw materials containing aluminum and a metal having a higher melting point
TW086109449A TW460584B (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-04 Continuous melting apparatus for law-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus
AU28478/97A AU711071B2 (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-07 Continuous melting apparatus for low-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus
MYPI97003112A MY116927A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-09 Continuous melting apparatus for low-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus
US08/890,420 US5810907A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-09 Continuous melting apparatus for low-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus
CNB97114608XA CN1138965C (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-14 Continuous melting apparatus for low-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus
BR9703965-9A BR9703965A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-14 Continuous melting apparatus for a low melting metal, crucible as an upward refractory vessel, and process for melting and separating aluminum from material containing aluminum and another metal having a higher melting point
MXPA97005316A MXPA97005316A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-14 Continuous melting apparatus for low-melting point metal, improved crucible for such apparatus, and melting method using such apparatus.
IDP972420A ID18567A (en) 1996-07-15 1997-07-14 CONTINUOUS VACATION EQUIPMENT FOR LOW-MIXED METALS, FIXED HEAT RESISTANCE FOR SUCH EQUIPMENT, AND VACUATION METHODS THAT USE SUCH EQUIPMENT

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JP4214340B2 (en) * 1999-06-14 2009-01-28 日本坩堝株式会社 Aluminum separation and recovery melting equipment
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