JP3660762B2 - Continuous hot working method and scale removing device used therefor - Google Patents

Continuous hot working method and scale removing device used therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3660762B2
JP3660762B2 JP27552196A JP27552196A JP3660762B2 JP 3660762 B2 JP3660762 B2 JP 3660762B2 JP 27552196 A JP27552196 A JP 27552196A JP 27552196 A JP27552196 A JP 27552196A JP 3660762 B2 JP3660762 B2 JP 3660762B2
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metal material
scale
hot working
longitudinal direction
spatula
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JPH1099929A (en
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美津夫 沖
敏男 永野
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Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd
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Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10Type of spring
    • B60G2202/13Torsion spring
    • B60G2202/135Stabiliser bar and/or tube
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/122Mounting of torsion springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45Stops limiting travel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/012Hollow or tubular elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42Springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/80Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/81Shaping

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  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鋼管等の長尺の金属材料に対して連続的に熱間曲げ加工や熱間増肉加工を行う方法並びにその方法に用いるスケール除去装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、鋼管等の長尺の金属材料を曲げ加工する方法として、金属材料に曲げモーメントを作用させた状態でその金属材料の長手方向の狭幅領域を加熱し、その加熱領域に曲げの塑性変形を生じさせると共にその加熱領域を金属材料の長手方向に移動させることで金属材料に連続的に曲げの塑性変形を生じさせ、同時にその塑性変形を生じた領域の下流側に冷却水を吹き付けて冷却、固化する連続熱間曲げ加工方法が知られている。また、鋼管等の長尺の金属材料の長手方向の所望領域を増肉加工する方法として、金属材料に長手方向の圧縮力を作用させた状態でその金属材料の長手方向の狭幅領域を加熱し、その加熱領域に増肉の塑性変形を生じさせると共にその加熱領域を金属材料の長手方向に移動させて金属材料に連続的に増肉の塑性変形を生じさせ、同時にその塑性変形を生じた領域の下流側に冷却水を吹き付けて冷却、固化する連続熱間増肉加工方法も知られている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上記した従来の連続熱間曲げ加工方法及び連続熱間増肉加工方法(以下、連続熱間加工方法と総称する)では、塑性変形を大きくした場合などに、加工中に好ましくない変形が生じ、製品の外観を悪くするという問題があった。例えば、曲げ加工の場合には、曲げ内側で、じゃばらと呼ばれる不安定な増肉が生じることがあった。また、増肉加工の場合には、加熱され増肉変形を生じている部分が長手方向の軸線に対して直角方向に不安定に変位し、このため金属材料の増肉部分に好ましくない曲がりを生じたり、また曲げの場合と同様のじゃばらを生じたりすることがあった。
【0004】
本発明はかかる問題点を解決せんとするもので、金属材料に対して好ましくない変形を生じることなく熱間曲げ加工或いは熱間増肉加工等を行うことを可能とする金属材料の連続熱間加工方法を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明はその連続熱間加工方法の実施に用いるためのスケール除去装置を提供することも目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記した従来の問題点の原因を検討した結果、これが、金属材料表面に生じるスケールに起因した冷却むらによって生じていることを見出した。すなわち、金属材料の熱間加工の際には、高温に(例えば赤熱状態)に加熱された材料の塑性変形に伴ってその表面に、粗い突起状、うろこ状等の粗鬆なスケールがむら状に生じており、その上に冷却水を吹き付けて冷却すると、冷却水が不均一に飛び散って塑性変形中の加熱領域に冷却スポットを生じるとか、スケールと金属材料の表面との間に形成されている微小な空隙によって冷却効果が悪くなり、その部分の冷却固化、即ち塑性変形の停止が遅れ、塑性変形が不均一に進行してじゃばらや好ましくない曲がりを生じていた。
【0006】
本発明はかかる知見に基づいてなされたもので、金属材料の熱間加工時において、加熱され、塑性変形を生じている領域の、冷却水等の冷却媒体を吹き付ける位置若しくはその上流で、金属材料の表面に生じている粗鬆なスケールを、工具を用いた機械的な方法で除去することを特徴とする。このように粗鬆なスケールを除去した後の表面に冷却媒体を吹き付けることにより、均一な冷却が可能となり、曲げや増肉の塑性変形が安定し、じゃばらや曲がりという好ましくない変形を生じることなく所望の熱間加工を行うことができる。
【0007】
本発明はまた、このスケール除去を行う装置として、へら工具を、金属材料の表面に当接し、金属材料に対する熱間加工の進行方向と略直角な方向に摺動させる構成のものを用いたものである。塑性変形した金属材料の表面に生じる粗鬆なスケールは、細い突起状或いは一部が材料表面から浮き上がったような形態で付着しているため、へら工具で機械的に擦る、払う乃至は掃くという簡単な動作を行うことにより除去可能であり、本発明装置により除去できる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の方法は、金属材料の長手方向の狭幅領域を加熱し、その加熱領域に塑性変形を生じさせると共に、その加熱領域を金属材料の長手方向に移動させることで金属材料に連続的に塑性変形を生じさせ、同時にその加熱領域の後端に冷却媒体を吹き付けて冷却、固化する連続熱間加工方法において、前記加熱領域の後端の冷却媒体吹き付け位置若しくはその上流で、金属材料の表面に生じている粗鬆なスケールを、工具を用いた機械的な方法で除去することを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
本発明の対象とする金属材料は、主として、丸形鋼管、角型鋼管等の鋼製管材であるが、その他の金属材料の管材でもよい。また、H型材、I型材、L型材、棒材、板材等の管材以外のものでもよく、その場合、材質は通常は鋼材であるが、その他の金属材料に適用されてもよい。熱間加工の種類としては、曲げ加工、増肉加工を挙げることができる。冷却媒体には、通常は冷却水が使用されるが、もちろん、冷却油等の水以外の冷却媒体を用いてもよい。
【0010】
スケールを除去する位置は、冷却媒体吹き付け位置若しくはその上流であるが、好ましくは、冷却媒体吹き付け位置に隣接する直ぐ上流の位置である。本発明で除去するスケールは、塑性変形に伴って発生する粗鬆なスケールであるので、あまり上流に設定すると、スケール除去後の部分が冷却媒体吹き付け位置に達するまでに再び粗鬆なスケールが生じる恐れがある。また、通常、塑性変形は、正常に進行している場合には、冷却媒体吹き付け位置より少し上流で終了するため、その位置よりも下流では表面位置が安定しており、スケール除去がし易い。一方、冷却媒体吹き付け位置でスケール除去を行う構成とすると、場所によってはスケール除去前のタイミングで冷却媒体の吹き付けが行われることとなり、その部分の冷却むら、あるいはその部分からの冷却媒体の飛散による加熱領域内の温度むらが生じる場合がある。このため、スケール除去位置は、上記したように、冷却媒体吹き付け位置の直ぐ上流の位置が好ましい。
【0011】
本発明で除去するスケールは、上記したように粗鬆なスケールである。一般に鋼材等の金属材料を加熱して塑性変形させた際に生じるスケールとしては、表面に薄い皮膜状(一様な膜状)に密着したものと、粗い突起状、うろこ状等に付着した粗鬆なものがあるが、前者の皮膜状のスケールはさほど冷却むらを生じない。従って、本発明では後者の粗鬆なスケールのみを除去すればよい。この場合、粗鬆なスケールを完全に除去する必要はなく、その大部分を除去すればよく、粗鬆なスケールの除去の具体的な程度としては、例えば、表面粗さが0.5〜2mm程度の粗鬆なスケールがある場合において、表面粗さを0.2mm程度以下とすればよい。
【0012】
本発明の方法において粗鬆なスケールを除去するには、粗鬆なスケールを除去しうる、工具を用いた機械的な方法を使用する。その機械的な方法としては、例えば、ブラシやサンドペーパ等で擦る方法、グラインダーで削る方法、細長い棒、板等によってへら状に作ったへら工具で擦り落とす方法等を挙げることができる。なかでも、へら工具を用いる方法は、装置が簡単となるので好ましい。
【0013】
本発明は、また、粗鬆なスケールの除去に使用するのに好適なスケール除去装置を提供するものであり、そのスケール除去装置は、へら工具を、金属材料の表面に当接し、金属材料の長手方向とは略直角な方向に摺動させて、金属材料表面の粗鬆なスケールを除去するように構成している。このようにへら工具を、金属材料の長手方向とは略直角な方向に摺動させることにより、金属材料の長手方向の一部領域の外周を効率良くへら工具で払って粗鬆なスケールを除去することができ、且つそのへら工具は細いので冷却媒体の吹き付けにほとんど干渉しないという効果が得られる。
【0014】
ここで、へら工具を金属材料に対して摺動させる機構は、任意であり、例えば、金属材料の表面に沿って且つ長手方向とは直角方向に移動可能な移動台と、該移動台を往復動させる駆動装置とを設け、前記へら工具を、金属材料の表面に弾性的に押し付けられるようにその移動台に保持させる構成とすることができる。この構成とすると、へら工具を金属材料の表面に押し付けた状態で往復動させることができ、へら工具の両面を有効に利用してスケール除去を行うことができる。なお、この場合において、金属材料が角筒状の場合には、4面に対応してそれぞれへら工具及びそれを保持した支持台を設けることが好ましい。
【0015】
また、へら工具の柄を長くしておき、その柄の先端を中心に旋回させることにより、へら工具の金属材料に当接する部分を大きい円弧状に移動させ、熱間加工の進行方向と略直角な方向に摺動する構成とすることもできる。
【0016】
前記へら工具は、棒材、線材或いは板材によって作り、材質としては、耐熱性の点で金属、セラミックス、あるいは金属母材にセラミックスやサーメットを被覆した複合材が適するが、加熱手段として誘導加熱法を採用した場合には非磁性材によるのが良い。これは、磁性材であると誘導加熱コイルによる引力が作用して支障を来たす場合があるからである。SUS304のような非磁性のステンレスは、耐熱性にも優れており、鋼材を汚染することもないので好適な材料である。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、図面に示す本発明の好適な実施例を説明する。図1は本発明を角形鋼管の増肉加工に適用した実施例を示す概略断面図である。図1において、1は増肉加工すべき金属材料であり、本実施例では角形鋼管が用いられている。この金属材料1には、図示しない加圧機構によって長手方向の圧縮力Pが付与されるようになっている。2は、その金属材料を取り囲むように配置された誘導加熱コイルであり、その内側に位置する金属材料1の長手方向の狭幅領域を加熱することができる。この誘導加熱コイル2は移動装置(図示せず)に連結されており、増肉加工時には金属材料1に沿って矢印A方向に移動し、金属材料1の加熱領域1aを金属材料1の長手方向に移動させるようになっている。4は誘導加熱コイル2と一緒に移動するように設けられ、金属材料1の加熱領域1aの下流側に冷却水等の冷却媒体5を吹き付ける冷却装置である。
【0018】
そして、この装置による増肉加工は次のように行われる。すなわち、金属材料1に長手方向の圧縮力Pを作用させた状態で、誘導加熱コイル2が金属材料1の長手方向の狭幅領域を、塑性変形を容易に行いうる状態に、例えば赤熱状態に加熱し、その加熱領域1aに塑性変形による増肉を生じさせると共に、誘導加熱コイル2を金属材料1の長手方向に連続的に移動させることによってその加熱領域1aを金属材料の長手方向に連続的に移動させ、それによって金属材料1に連続的に塑性変形を生じさせ、同時にその塑性変形を生じた領域の下流側に冷却装置4が冷却媒体5を吹き付けて冷却、固化してゆく。これによって、金属材料1の長手方向の所望領域に連続的に増肉を生じさせてゆくことができる。ここで、増肉加工中における加熱領域1aの長さL(誘導加熱コイル2が加熱する領域の先端7から冷却媒体5の吹き付け位置8までの距離)は、増肉率によっても異なるが、通常、金属材料1の増肉前の厚さtの2〜5倍程度に選定している。このように選定しておくと、増肉が比較的ゆっくりと進行するためか、安定した増肉変形が可能である。また、この時、図面に誇張して示すように、所定量の増肉変形は加熱領域1aの後端即ち冷却媒体5の吹き付け位置8よりも少し上流で完了しており、冷却媒体5は平坦となった領域に吹き付けられるため、冷却効果も安定する利点が得られる。
【0019】
ところで、従来の技術の欄で説明したように、赤熱状態で増肉のための塑性変形を行うと、その表面に粗鬆なスケールが生じており、それが冷却媒体の吹き付けによる冷却を不均一にし、加熱領域1aに温度むらを生じさせており、このため、増肉加工を生じている加熱領域1aを全体的に金属材料1の中心軸線から直角方向に変位させて曲がりを生じるとか、局部的に不安定な増肉を生じてじゃばら状の変形を生じさせることがあった。本実施例ではこれを防止するため、誘導加熱コイル2の下流に、スケール除去装置10を設けている。以下、このスケール除去装置10を詳細に説明する。
【0020】
図2は図1のB−B矢視概略断面図である。図1、図2において、11は金属材料1を通過させる大きい開口を備えたベース板であり、増肉加工のための所定位置にセットされた金属材料1の長手方向に対して直角となるように配置され、且つ誘導加熱コイル2と一緒に移動するように設けられている。12は、その金属材料1の一つの平面に平行になるようにベース板11に取り付けられたガイドロッド、13はそのガイドロッド12に移動可能に保持された移動台、14はガイドロッド12に平行に設けられ、移動台13を往復動させるロッドレスシリンダ、16はそれぞれ、金属材料1の他の三つの平面に平行になるようにベース板11に取り付けられたスライドベッド、17は各スライドベッド16に移動可能に保持された移動台、18は、全ての移動台13、17を直列に連結するチェーン、19は金属材料1の四つの角部の外方に配置されたチェーンスプロケットであり、チェーン18を保持している。かくして、ロッドレスシリンダ14で一つの移動台13を往復動させると、他の三つの移動台17も一緒に往復動することとなり、各移動台13、17は、金属材料1の表面に沿って且つ長手方向とは直角方向に往復動する。従って、これらのロッドレスシリンダ14、チェーン18、チェーンスプロケット19等は移動台13、17を往復動させる駆動装置を構成する。
【0021】
各移動台13、17には、図3、図4(移動台17についてのものであるが、移動台13についても同様な構造である)に拡大して示すように、ばね付ヒンジ23を介してへら取付具24が回動可能に連結されており、そのへら取付具24には3本のへら工具25a、25b、25cが取り付けられている。なお、へら工具の使用個数は3本に限るものでなく、スケール除去の難易度に応じて適宜変更可能である。ばね付ヒンジ23に設けられているばね(図示せず)は、へら工具25a、25b、25cに対して図1及び図4で矢印F方向の回転力を作用させるように配置されており、これにより、通常は、へら工具25a、25b、25cを金属材料1の表面に弾性的に押し付けるように作用する。
【0022】
へら工具25a、25b、25cは、金属材料1の表面を拭って粗鬆なスケールを除去可能なものであればその形状は任意であり、本実施例では、金属材料表面の一定幅を効率良く拭うことができるように、先端に直線部26を備えている。この直線部26の長さとしては、1〜5mm程度が好ましく、更には2〜3mm程度が一層好ましい。また、へら工具25a、25b、25cは、断面が丸や四角の棒材又は線材、或いは細長い板材を折り曲げて容易に製造でき、本実施例では、へら工具25a、25cに線径が約3mmの線材を用い、へら工具25bに幅4mm、厚さ2mmの板材を用いている。へら工具の材料としては、当然、熱的な損傷を受けにくい材質のものが選定されており、誘導加熱法による加熱が行われている場合には、オーステナイトステンレス、セラミックスのような非磁性材料によることが望ましい。
【0023】
へら工具25a、25b、25cの金属材料1に対する接触位置は、金属材料1に対する冷却媒体5の吹き付け位置8の直ぐ上流の位置で、増肉変形をほぼ終わった領域とする。
【0024】
図2において、金属材料1の各平面に平行に往復動する移動台13、17の移動ストロークの一端には、へら工具25a、25b、25cを金属材料1の表面から離す方向に作用するカム30が設けられている。このカム30は図5に拡大して示すように、ベース板11に取り付けられたカム取付具31に高さ方向の位置を調整可能に取り付けられており、且つベース板11に面する側にカム面30aを備えている。そして、各移動台13、17(図2参照)が対応するカム30に接近して来ると、図6に示すように、ばね付ヒンジ23先端の先端側がカム面30aに係合して回動させられ、これにより、保持しているへら工具25a、25b、25cが金属材料1の表面から離され、金属材料1の出し入れに干渉しない位置となる。
【0025】
次に上記構成のスケール除去装置10の動作を説明する。このスケール除去装置10は、金属材料1に対する増肉加工中連続して運転され、ロッドレスシリンダ14は連続的に往復動を繰り返す。これにより、各移動台13、17が金属材料1の各平面に沿って連続的に往復動し、へら工具25a、25b、25cが金属材料1の表面に弾性的に押し付けられた状態で、各平面の全幅を連続的に往復動し、粗鬆なスケールをかき落とす。かくして、金属材料1の冷却媒体5を吹き付けられる表面では、粗鬆なスケールが除去された状態となっているので、吹き付けられた冷却媒体5が不均一に飛び散るとか、スケールと金属材料の表面との間に微小な空隙があって冷却効果が悪くするということがなく、均一な冷却が行われる。これにより、加熱領域の温度分布が均一に保持され、増肉変形が安定して生じ、良好な増肉加工を行うことができる。
【0026】
ここで、へら工具25a、25b、25cが金属材料1の平面のみのスケール除去を行っており、角部でのスケール除去を行っていないが、角部は小さいのでさほど問題とはならない。もし、必要なら、角部のスケール除去を行う適当な装置を設けてもよい。また、へら工具25a、25b、25cは金属材料1に吹き付けられる冷却媒体5を横切って移動しているが、へら工具25a、25b、25cはきわめて細いため、それによる悪影響はほとんどない。
【0027】
へら工具25a、25b、25cによるスケール除去に当たっての、へら工具25a、25b、25cの移動速度としては、金属材料1の平面のほぼ全領域を拭うことができるように選定することが好ましい。例えば、へら工具の直線部26の長さを2mm、増肉加工速度(誘導加熱コイル2の金属材料1に対する移動速度)を1.6mm/s、金属材料1の1辺の長さを300mmとすると、金属材料1の平面の全領域を確実に拭うためには、へら工具の移動速度を240mm/s(=300mm×1.6/2.0)とすることが必要となる。実際には、へら工具で拭わない領域が多少あっても良い場合もあるし、また、少し重複して拭うことが望ましい場合もあるので、上記例の場合はへら工具の移動速度は200〜300mm/s程度に設定することが好ましい。
【0028】
金属材料1の増肉加工を終了した時には、ロッドレスシリンダ14は移動台13、17をカム30のところに移動させ、その位置で停止する。このため、各移動台13、17が保持しているへら工具25a、25b、25cはカム30により金属材料1の表面から離れた位置に保持される。この状態で増肉加工済の金属材料1が抜き出され、また、新たな金属材料1が挿入され、次の増肉加工に備える。
【0029】
以上に本発明を角形鋼管の増肉加工に適用した実施例を説明したが、本発明は角形鋼管以外の金属材料、例えば丸形鋼管の増肉加工に適用することも可能である。また、増肉加工に限らず曲げ加工に適用することも可能である。曲げ加工に適用する場合、不安定な塑性変形を主として曲げ内側に生じるので、スケール除去は、主として曲げ内側について行うのみでもよい。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明方法は、金属材料の熱間加工時において、加熱され、塑性変形を生じている領域の、冷却水等の冷却媒体を吹き付ける位置若しくはその上流で、金属材料の表面に生じている粗鬆なスケールを除去する構成としたことにより、粗鬆なスケールによる冷却むらを無くして金属材料の均一な冷却が可能となり、曲げや増肉の塑性変形が安定し、じゃばらや曲がりという好ましくない変形を生じることなく所望の熱間加工を行うことができ、高品質の製品を得ることができるという効果を有している。
【0031】
また、本発明のスケール除去装置は、へら工具を、金属材料の表面に当接し、金属材料の長手方向とは略直角な方向に摺動させる構成としたことにより、単純な構造のへら工具を用いて、金属材料表面の粗鬆なスケールを除去することができ、これを熱間加工装置に組み合わせることにより、安定した熱間加工を行うことができるという効果を有している。また、本発明のスケール除去装置は構造が簡単であり、熱間加工装置に対して容易に取り付けることができるという効果も有している。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を角形鋼管の増肉加工に適用した実施例を示す概略断面図
【図2】図1のB−B矢視概略断面図
【図3】図2に示す装置において、移動台17にへら工具を取り付けている部分を拡大して示す概略平面図
【図4】図3に示す部分の概略側面図
【図5】図2のC−C矢視概略断面図
【図6】図5において、移動台に保持されたばね付ヒンジ23及びへら工具等がカム30の位置に移動して来た状態を矢印D−D方向に見た概略断面図
【符号の説明】
1 金属材料
1a 加熱領域
2 誘導加熱コイル
4 冷却装置
5 冷却媒体
10 スケール除去装置
11 ベース板
13 移動台
14 ロッドレスシリンダ
16 スライドベッド
17 移動台
23 ばね付ヒンジ
24 へら取付具
25a、25b、25c へら工具
26 直線部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for continuously performing hot bending or hot thickening on a long metal material such as a steel pipe and a scale removing device used in the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method of bending a long metal material such as a steel pipe, a bending region is heated in a longitudinal direction of the metal material in a state in which a bending moment is applied to the metal material, and bending plasticity is applied to the heating region. the heating region along with causing deformation to the metal material by moving in the longitudinal direction of the metal material causes plastic deformation of the continuously bent, by blowing cooling water that plastic deformation on the downstream side of the area resulting at the same time A continuous hot bending method that cools and solidifies is known. In addition, as a method of increasing the thickness of a desired region in the longitudinal direction of a long metal material such as a steel pipe, a narrow region in the longitudinal direction of the metal material is heated in a state where a compressive force in the longitudinal direction is applied to the metal material. In addition, a plastic deformation with an increased thickness was caused in the heating region, and the heating region was moved in the longitudinal direction of the metal material to cause a continuous plastic deformation with an increased thickness in the metal material. At the same time, the plastic deformation was caused. There is also known a continuous hot-thickening processing method in which cooling water is sprayed on the downstream side of the region to cool and solidify.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional continuous hot bending method and continuous hot wall thickness processing method (hereinafter collectively referred to as continuous hot processing method), undesired deformation during processing occurs when plastic deformation is increased. This has caused a problem of deteriorating the appearance of the product. For example, in the case of bending, an unstable thickening called “Jaraba” may occur inside the bending. In addition, in the case of thickening processing, the heated portion causing the thickening deformation is unstablely displaced in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and this causes an undesirable bending of the thickened portion of the metal material. Sometimes occur, and the same looseness as in the case of bending may occur.
[0004]
The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and it is possible to perform hot bending or hot thickening of a metal material without causing undesirable deformation of the metal material. An object is to provide a processing method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a scale removing device for use in carrying out the continuous hot working method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of examining the cause of the above-described conventional problems, the present inventors have found that this is caused by uneven cooling caused by the scale generated on the surface of the metal material. That is, during hot working of a metal material, rough scales such as rough protrusions and scaly shapes are unevenly formed on the surface as the material is heated to a high temperature (for example, in a red hot state). When cooling water is sprayed on the cooling surface, the cooling water scatters non-uniformly to form a cooling spot in the heating area during plastic deformation, or it is formed between the scale and the surface of the metal material. The cooling effect deteriorated due to the minute voids, and the cooling and solidification of the portion, that is, the stop of plastic deformation was delayed, and the plastic deformation progressed non-uniformly, resulting in loose or undesirable bending.
[0006]
The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and at the upstream of the position where a cooling medium such as cooling water is blown in an area where the metal material is heated and plastically deformed during hot working of the metal material. The rough scale generated on the surface of the film is removed by a mechanical method using a tool . By spraying a cooling medium on the surface after removing the rough scale in this way, uniform cooling becomes possible, plastic deformation of bending and thickening is stabilized, and undesirable deformation such as looseness and bending does not occur. Desired hot working can be performed.
[0007]
The present invention also employs a device for removing the scale by using a configuration in which a spatula tool is brought into contact with the surface of the metal material and is slid in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of hot working on the metal material . It is. The rough scale generated on the surface of a plastically deformed metal material is attached in the form of fine protrusions or a part of the surface lifted from the surface of the material, so that it is mechanically rubbed, scraped or swept with a spatula tool. It can be removed by performing a simple operation, and can be removed by the apparatus of the present invention.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention heats the longitudinal direction of the narrow width region of the metallic material, with resulting plastic deformation in the heating region, the continuous metal material by moving the heating area in the longitudinal direction of the metal material In a continuous hot working method that causes plastic deformation and simultaneously cools and solidifies by blowing a cooling medium to the rear end of the heating region, the surface of the metal material at the cooling medium spraying position at the rear end of the heating region or upstream thereof The rough scale generated in the above is removed by a mechanical method using a tool .
[0009]
The metal material which is the subject of the present invention is mainly steel pipe materials such as round steel pipes and square steel pipes, but pipe materials of other metal materials may be used. In addition, pipes such as H-shaped material, I-shaped material, L-shaped material, bar material, and plate material may be used. In this case, the material is usually a steel material, but may be applied to other metal materials. Examples of the hot working include bending and thickening. As the cooling medium, cooling water is usually used, but of course, a cooling medium other than water such as cooling oil may be used.
[0010]
The position where the scale is removed is the cooling medium spraying position or upstream thereof, but is preferably a position immediately upstream adjacent to the cooling medium spraying position. Since the scale to be removed in the present invention is a coarse scale that occurs in association with plastic deformation, if it is set too upstream, a coarse scale is generated again until the portion after the scale removal reaches the cooling medium spraying position. There is a fear. In addition, when plastic deformation is normally progressing, it usually ends slightly upstream from the cooling medium spraying position. Therefore, the surface position is stable downstream from that position, and scale removal is easy. On the other hand, if the scale removal is performed at the cooling medium spraying position, the cooling medium is sprayed at the timing before the scale removal depending on the location, due to uneven cooling of the part or scattering of the cooling medium from the part. There may be uneven temperature in the heating area. For this reason, the scale removal position is preferably a position immediately upstream of the cooling medium spraying position as described above.
[0011]
The scale removed in the present invention is a coarse scale as described above. In general, scales that occur when metal materials such as steel are heated and plastically deformed include those that adhere to a thin film (uniform film) on the surface, and rough protrusions and scales that adhere to the surface. Although there is a void, the former film scale does not cause much cooling unevenness. Therefore, in the present invention, only the latter coarse scale needs to be removed. In this case, it is not necessary to completely remove the rough scale, and most of it may be removed. As a specific degree of removal of the rough scale, for example, the surface roughness is 0.5 to 2 mm. When there is a rough scale of the order, the surface roughness may be about 0.2 mm or less.
[0012]
To remove the osteoporotic scale in the process of the present invention may remove the osteoporotic scale, using a mechanical method using a tool. Examples of the mechanical method include a method of rubbing with a brush or sandpaper, a method of scraping with a grinder, a method of rubbing off with a spatula tool made into a spatula shape with an elongated rod, plate or the like. Among these, the method using a spatula tool is preferable because the apparatus becomes simple.
[0013]
The present invention also provides a scale remover suitable for use in removing coarse scale, the scale remover contacting a spatula tool against the surface of the metal material, By sliding in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a rough scale on the surface of the metal material is removed. By sliding the spatula tool in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the metal material in this way, the outer circumference of a partial region in the longitudinal direction of the metal material is efficiently paid with the spatula tool to remove the rough scale. In addition, since the spatula tool is thin, the effect of hardly interfering with the blowing of the cooling medium is obtained.
[0014]
Here, the mechanism for sliding the spatula tool with respect to the metal material is arbitrary. For example, a movable table that can move along the surface of the metal material and in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the movable table are reciprocated. And a driving device for moving the spatula tool so that the spatula tool is held on the moving table so as to be elastically pressed against the surface of the metal material. With this configuration, the spatula tool can be reciprocated while being pressed against the surface of the metal material, and scale removal can be performed by effectively using both sides of the spatula tool. In this case, when the metal material is in the shape of a rectangular tube, it is preferable to provide a spatula tool and a support stand for holding it corresponding to the four surfaces.
[0015]
In addition, by making the handle of the spatula tool long and turning it around the tip of the handle, the portion of the spatula tool that contacts the metal material is moved in a large arc shape, approximately perpendicular to the direction of hot working. It can also be configured to slide in any direction.
[0016]
The spatula tool is made of a bar, wire or plate, and as a material, metal, ceramics, or a composite material in which a metal base material is coated with ceramics or cermet is suitable as a material, but an induction heating method is used as a heating means. It is better to use a non-magnetic material. This is because, if it is a magnetic material, the attractive force by the induction heating coil may act and cause trouble. Nonmagnetic stainless steel such as SUS304 is a suitable material because it is excellent in heat resistance and does not contaminate the steel material.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a thickening process for a rectangular steel pipe. In FIG. 1, 1 is a metal material to be thickened, and a square steel pipe is used in this embodiment. A compressive force P in the longitudinal direction is applied to the metal material 1 by a pressure mechanism (not shown). Reference numeral 2 denotes an induction heating coil disposed so as to surround the metal material, and can heat a narrow region in the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1 located inside the coil. This induction heating coil 2 is connected to a moving device (not shown), and moves in the direction of arrow A along the metal material 1 during the thickening process, and the heating region 1a of the metal material 1 is moved in the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1. It is supposed to be moved to. A cooling device 4 is provided so as to move together with the induction heating coil 2 and sprays a cooling medium 5 such as cooling water to the downstream side of the heating region 1 a of the metal material 1.
[0018]
And the thickening process by this apparatus is performed as follows. That is, in a state where the longitudinal compression force P is applied to the metal material 1, the induction heating coil 2 can make the narrow region in the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1 easily plastically deformed, for example, in a red hot state. Heating is performed to increase the thickness of the heating region 1a due to plastic deformation, and the heating region 1a is continuously moved in the longitudinal direction of the metal material by continuously moving the induction heating coil 2 in the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1. Thus, the metal material 1 is continuously plastically deformed, and at the same time, the cooling device 4 sprays the cooling medium 5 on the downstream side of the region where the plastic deformation is generated, thereby cooling and solidifying. Thereby, it is possible to continuously increase the thickness in a desired region in the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1. Here, the length L of the heating region 1a during the thickening process (the distance from the tip 7 of the region heated by the induction heating coil 2 to the spraying position 8 of the cooling medium 5) varies depending on the thickening rate. The thickness of the metal material 1 before the thickness increase is selected to be about 2 to 5 times. If the selection is made in this way, stable increase in thickness deformation is possible because the increase in thickness proceeds relatively slowly. At this time, as shown in an exaggerated manner in the drawing, the predetermined thickness increase deformation is completed slightly upstream from the rear end of the heating region 1a, that is, the spraying position 8 of the cooling medium 5, and the cooling medium 5 is flat. Since it is sprayed to the area | region which became, the advantage that the cooling effect is stabilized is acquired.
[0019]
By the way, as explained in the section of the prior art, when plastic deformation for thickening is performed in a red hot state, a rough scale is generated on the surface, which causes uneven cooling by spraying the cooling medium. The heating region 1a is uneven in temperature. For this reason, the heating region 1a in which the thickening process is performed is entirely displaced in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the metal material 1 to cause bending, In some cases, the thickness of the plate was unstable, causing loose deformation. In the present embodiment, in order to prevent this, a scale removing device 10 is provided downstream of the induction heating coil 2. Hereinafter, the scale removing apparatus 10 will be described in detail.
[0020]
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a base plate having a large opening through which the metal material 1 passes, and is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the metal material 1 set at a predetermined position for thickening processing. And is arranged to move together with the induction heating coil 2. Reference numeral 12 denotes a guide rod attached to the base plate 11 so as to be parallel to one plane of the metal material 1, 13 is a moving base movably held by the guide rod 12, and 14 is parallel to the guide rod 12. Are rodless cylinders 16 for reciprocating the moving table 13, 16 are slide beds attached to the base plate 11 so as to be parallel to the other three planes of the metal material 1, and 17 are slide beds 16. 18 is a chain that connects all of the mobile bases 13 and 17 in series, and 19 is a chain sprocket arranged outside the four corners of the metal material 1. 18 is held. Thus, when one moving table 13 is reciprocated by the rodless cylinder 14, the other three moving tables 17 are also reciprocated together, and each moving table 13, 17 moves along the surface of the metal material 1. And it reciprocates in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the rodless cylinder 14, the chain 18, the chain sprocket 19 and the like constitute a drive device for reciprocating the moving bases 13 and 17.
[0021]
As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 (which is for the moving table 17, but the moving table 13 has the same structure), each moving table 13 and 17 is provided with a spring-equipped hinge 23. A spatula attachment 24 is rotatably connected, and three spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c are attached to the spatula attachment 24. The number of spatula tools used is not limited to three, and can be changed as appropriate according to the degree of difficulty of scale removal. A spring (not shown) provided on the spring-equipped hinge 23 is arranged to apply a rotational force in the direction of arrow F in FIGS. 1 and 4 to the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c. Accordingly, the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c are normally operated to be elastically pressed against the surface of the metal material 1.
[0022]
The spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c can have any shape as long as they can wipe the surface of the metal material 1 and remove the coarse scale. In this embodiment, the constant width of the metal material surface is efficiently set. A straight portion 26 is provided at the tip so that it can be wiped off. The length of the straight portion 26 is preferably about 1 to 5 mm, and more preferably about 2 to 3 mm. The spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c can be easily manufactured by bending a rod or wire having a round or square cross section, or an elongated plate. In this embodiment, the spatula tools 25a, 25c have a wire diameter of about 3 mm. A wire rod is used, and a plate material having a width of 4 mm and a thickness of 2 mm is used for the spatula tool 25b. Naturally, the material of the spatula tool is selected from materials that are not easily damaged by heat. When heating is performed by induction heating, it is made of a non-magnetic material such as austenitic stainless steel or ceramics. It is desirable.
[0023]
The contact position of the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c with the metal material 1 is a region immediately upstream of the spraying position 8 of the cooling medium 5 with respect to the metal material 1 and the region in which the thickening deformation is almost finished.
[0024]
In FIG. 2, the cam 30 acting in the direction of moving the spatula tools 25 a, 25 b, 25 c away from the surface of the metal material 1 at one end of the movement strokes of the moving bases 13, 17 that reciprocate in parallel with each plane of the metal material 1. Is provided. As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, the cam 30 is attached to a cam attachment 31 attached to the base plate 11 so that the position in the height direction can be adjusted, and the cam 30 is mounted on the side facing the base plate 11. A surface 30a is provided. When each of the movable bases 13 and 17 (see FIG. 2) approaches the corresponding cam 30, as shown in FIG. 6, the distal end side of the distal end of the spring-loaded hinge 23 engages with the cam surface 30a and rotates. Thus, the held spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c are separated from the surface of the metal material 1 and become a position that does not interfere with the loading and unloading of the metal material 1.
[0025]
Next, the operation of the scale removing apparatus 10 having the above configuration will be described. The scale removing device 10 is continuously operated during the thickening process for the metal material 1, and the rodless cylinder 14 continuously reciprocates. As a result, each moving table 13, 17 continuously reciprocates along each plane of the metal material 1, and the spatula tools 25 a, 25 b, 25 c are elastically pressed against the surface of the metal material 1, The entire width of the plane is continuously reciprocated to scrape the rough scale. Thus, since the rough scale is removed on the surface of the metal material 1 to which the cooling medium 5 is sprayed, the sprayed cooling medium 5 is scattered unevenly or the scale and the surface of the metal material There is a minute gap between them, and the cooling effect is not deteriorated, and uniform cooling is performed. As a result, the temperature distribution in the heating region is uniformly maintained, and the thickening deformation is stably generated, so that a good thickening process can be performed.
[0026]
Here, the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c perform scale removal only on the flat surface of the metal material 1 and do not perform scale removal at the corners. However, since the corners are small, there is no problem. If necessary, a suitable device for removing the scale of the corner may be provided. Further, the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c are moving across the cooling medium 5 sprayed on the metal material 1, but the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c are extremely thin and therefore have almost no adverse effects.
[0027]
It is preferable to select the moving speed of the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c when removing the scale by the spatula tools 25a, 25b, and 25c so that almost the entire area of the plane of the metal material 1 can be wiped. For example, the length of the straight portion 26 of the spatula tool is 2 mm, the thickness increase processing speed (moving speed of the induction heating coil 2 with respect to the metal material 1) is 1.6 mm / s, and the length of one side of the metal material 1 is 300 mm. Then, in order to wipe the entire area of the flat surface of the metal material 1 with certainty, it is necessary to set the moving speed of the spatula tool to 240 mm / s (= 300 mm × 1.6 / 2.0). Actually, there may be some areas that are not wiped with a spatula tool, and it may be desirable to wipe a little overlap, so in the case of the above example, the moving speed of the spatula tool is 200 to 300 mm. It is preferable to set to about / s.
[0028]
When the thickening process of the metal material 1 is finished, the rodless cylinder 14 moves the moving bases 13 and 17 to the cam 30 and stops at that position. For this reason, the spatula tools 25 a, 25 b, and 25 c held by the movable tables 13 and 17 are held at positions away from the surface of the metal material 1 by the cam 30. In this state, the metal material 1 that has been subjected to the thickening process is extracted, and a new metal material 1 is inserted to prepare for the next thickening process.
[0029]
Although the embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the thickening process of a square steel pipe has been described above, the present invention can also be applied to a metal material other than the square steel pipe, for example, a thickening process of a round steel pipe. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to thickening processing but also to bending processing. When applied to bending, unstable plastic deformation mainly occurs on the inside of the bend, so scale removal may be performed only on the inside of the bend.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the metal material is heated at the time of hot working of the metal material and the plastic material is deformed at the position where the cooling medium such as cooling water is sprayed or upstream thereof. By adopting a configuration that removes the rough scale generated on the surface, the cooling unevenness due to the rough scale is eliminated, and the metal material can be uniformly cooled, and the plastic deformation of bending and thickening is stabilized, and the looseness is stable. It is possible to perform desired hot working without causing undesirable deformation such as bending and bending, and to obtain a high-quality product.
[0031]
Further, the scale removing device of the present invention is configured so that the spatula tool is in contact with the surface of the metal material and is slid in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the metal material. It is possible to remove the rough scale on the surface of the metal material, and by combining this with a hot working apparatus, there is an effect that stable hot working can be performed. Further, the scale removing device of the present invention has a simple structure and has an effect that it can be easily attached to the hot working device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a thickening process of a square steel pipe. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic plan view showing a portion where a spatula tool is attached to the base 17. Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the portion shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line CC in Fig. 2. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the state in which the spring-equipped hinge 23 and the spatula tool, etc., which are held on the moving base have moved to the position of the cam 30, as viewed in the direction of the arrow DD.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal material 1a Heating area 2 Induction heating coil 4 Cooling device 5 Cooling medium 10 Scale removal device 11 Base plate 13 Moving base 14 Rodless cylinder 16 Slide bed 17 Moving base 23 Spring-equipped hinge 24 Spatula fitting 25a, 25b, 25c Spatula Tool 26 Straight part

Claims (3)

金属材料の長手方向の狭幅領域を加熱し、その加熱領域に塑性変形を生じさせると共に、その加熱領域を金属材料の長手方向に移動させることで金属材料に連続的に塑性変形を生じさせ、同時にその塑性変形を生じた領域の下流側に冷却媒体を吹き付けて冷却、固化する連続熱間加工方法において、前記加熱領域の後端の冷却媒体吹き付け位置若しくはその上流で、金属材料の表面に生じている粗鬆なスケールを、工具を用いた機械的な方法で除去することを特徴とする連続熱間加工方法。Heating the longitudinal direction of the narrow width region of the metallic material, with resulting plastic deformation in the heating zone, continuously cause plastic deformation to the metal material by moving the heating area in the longitudinal direction of the metal material, At the same time, in the continuous hot working method in which the cooling medium is sprayed to the downstream side of the plastic deformation region to cool and solidify, it is generated on the surface of the metal material at the cooling medium spraying position at the rear end of the heating region or upstream thereof. The continuous hot working method is characterized in that the rough scale is removed by a mechanical method using a tool . 請求項1に記載の連続熱間加工方法に用いるスケール除去装置であって、へら工具を、金属材料の表面に当接し、金属材料の長手方向とは略直角な方向に摺動させて、金属材料表面の粗鬆なスケールを除去するように構成したスケール除去装置。  The scale removing device used in the continuous hot working method according to claim 1, wherein the spatula tool is brought into contact with the surface of the metal material and is slid in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the metal material. A scale removing device configured to remove rough scale on a material surface. 請求項1に記載の連続熱間加工方法に用いるスケール除去装置であって、金属材料の表面に沿って且つ長手方向とは直角方向に移動可能な移動台と、該移動台を往復動させる駆動装置と、前記金属材料の表面に弾性的に押し付けられるように前記移動台に保持されたへら工具とを有するスケール除去装置。  2. A scale removing device used in the continuous hot working method according to claim 1, wherein the moving table is movable along a surface of the metal material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a drive for reciprocating the moving table. A scale removing apparatus comprising: an apparatus; and a spatula tool held on the moving table so as to be elastically pressed against a surface of the metal material.
JP27552196A 1996-09-26 1996-09-26 Continuous hot working method and scale removing device used therefor Expired - Lifetime JP3660762B2 (en)

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ES2560443T3 (en) * 2009-05-19 2016-02-19 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Bending apparatus
KR101866127B1 (en) * 2017-03-20 2018-06-08 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 Simple torsion-based severe plastic deformation of metallic bar enhanced mechanical properties by surface abrasion
CN108548171A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-09-18 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 The device and method blocked for eliminating boiler high temperature heating surface U-tube elbow oxide skin

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