JP3649548B2 - Refrigeration cycle - Google Patents

Refrigeration cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3649548B2
JP3649548B2 JP09029497A JP9029497A JP3649548B2 JP 3649548 B2 JP3649548 B2 JP 3649548B2 JP 09029497 A JP09029497 A JP 09029497A JP 9029497 A JP9029497 A JP 9029497A JP 3649548 B2 JP3649548 B2 JP 3649548B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
housing
accumulator
compressor
pipe
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JP09029497A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10267435A (en
Inventor
武司 伊藤
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors

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  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は空気調和機等の冷凍サイクルに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の冷凍サイクルの1例が図3に示されている。
図3において、1及び2は低圧ハウジング型圧縮機で、冷媒回路に対して並列に接続され、これら圧縮機1、2の吸入側には一個のアキュムレータ3が設置されている。
【0003】
冷房運転時、圧縮機1及び2から吐出されたガス冷媒は実線矢印で示すように、吐出管7、8を通って合流管9に入りここで合流した後、四方弁36を経て室外熱交換器37に入り、ここで外気に放熱することによって凝縮液化する。
この液冷媒は絞り機構38で絞られることによって断熱膨張した後、室内熱交換器39に入り、ここで室内空気を冷却することによって蒸発気化する。
【0004】
このガス冷媒は四方弁36を経てアキュムレータ3のケーシング30内に吸込管31から流入し、ここでガス冷媒中に含まれている液冷媒、潤滑油等のミストが分離される。
ミストが分離されたガス冷媒はU字管32にその上端開口から流入し、U字管32内を通って流出した後、分岐して吸入管5、6を通って圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2a内に吸入される。
【0005】
アキュムレータ3のケーシング30内で分離された液冷媒、潤滑油等のミストは落下してケーシング30内底部に一旦貯溜される。
そして、ケーシング30内底部の油33はその油面35の下に開口する油戻し穴34を通ってU字管32内に入り、U字管32内を通るガス冷媒に伴われて圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2a内に入ってその底部に貯溜される。
【0006】
圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2aはその最低必要油面位置23、24に開口する均油管25を介して互いに接続され、圧縮機1のハウジング1a内底部に貯溜された油21及び圧縮機2のハウジング2a内底部に貯溜された油22が均油管25を通って相互に移動することによってこれらの油面27と28が等しくなる。
【0007】
暖房運転時には四方弁36が上記と逆に切り換えられ、冷媒は破線矢印で示すように冷房運転時と逆方向に循環する。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来の冷凍サイクルにおいては、圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2aを相互に接続する均油管25は油面27と28とを等しく保つためにある程度の太さが必要であるため、圧縮機1、2の振動によってこの均油管25が折損するおそれがあった。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記課題を解決するために発明されたものであって、次の要旨に係るものである
【0010】
本発明の要旨とするところは、冷媒回路に並列に接続された複数の低圧ハウジング型圧縮機の吸入側に一個のアキュムレータを設置してなる冷凍サイクルにおいて、上記アキュムレータのケーシング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間と上記各圧縮機のハウジング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間とをそれぞれ独立した吸入管を介して接続するとともに上記アキュムレータの下部と上記各圧縮機のハウジングの最低必要油面位置とをそれぞれ独立した油戻し管で接続し、これら油戻し管を上記最低必要油面位置より低位に設置したことを特徴とする冷凍サイクルにある。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の第1の実施形態が図1に示されている。
40はアキュムレータで、ケーシング47と、その頂板を封密的に貫通して固定された流入管48と、ケーシング47の底板を封密的に貫通して固定された流出管41及び42からなる。
【0012】
流出管41及び42はほぼ垂直に立ち上がってその上端はケーシング47内底部に貯溜された油45の油面46上に開口している。そして、流出管41及び42にはそれぞれ油面46の下に開口する油戻し穴43、44が穿設されている。
【0013】
流出管41の他端は吸入管5を介して圧縮機1のハウジング1aに接続されてこのハウジング1a内底部に貯溜された油21の最低必要油面位置23に開口している。
また、流出管42の他端は吸入管6を介して圧縮機2のハウジング2aに接続されてこのハウジング2a内底部に貯溜された油22の最低必要油面位置24に開口している。
【0014】
そして、これら吐出管5及び6はその全長に亘って圧縮機1、2の最低必要油面位置23、24より低位に布設されている。
他の構成は図3に示す従来のものと同様であり、対応する部材には同じ符号を付してその説明を省略する。
【0015】
しかして、圧縮機1及び2の運転時、ガス冷媒が流入管48からアキュムレータ40のケーシング47に入り、油面46の上部空間でこのガス冷媒中に含まれる液冷媒や潤滑油のミストが分離される。
ミストを分離したガス冷媒は流出管41及び吸入管5を通って圧縮機1のハウジング1a内に吸入され、かつ、流出管42及び吸入管6を通って圧縮機2のハウジング2a内に吸入される。
【0016】
ガス冷媒から分離されたミストはケーシング47内底部に一旦貯溜され、油戻し穴43、44から徐々に流出管41、42内に入り、流出管41、42内を通るガス冷媒に伴われて圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2a内に入りその底部に貯溜される。
【0017】
圧縮機1又は2のいずれか一方例えば2が運転され、他方1が停止した場合、圧縮機2のハウジング2a内が低圧となるので、アキュムレータ40内の油45が油戻し穴44、流出管42、吸入管6を経て圧縮機2のハウジング2a内に流入し、圧縮機2のハウジング2a内の油22の油面28が上昇するが、アキュムレータ40内の油45の油面46は油戻し穴44より下に低下することはないので、圧縮機1内の油21の油面27は最低必要油面位置23以下に低下することはない。
【0018】
圧縮機1及び2が停止したとき、圧縮機1及び2のハウジング1a、2a内の油21、22の油面27、28及びアキュムレータ40のケーシング47内の油45の油面46は等しくなる。
【0019】
本発明の第2の実施形態が図2に示されている。
アキュムレータ50のケーシング53にはその頂板を封密的に貫通する流入管54が固定され、かつ、このケーシング53はその底部に貯溜された油51の液面52上において吸入管5及び吸入管6を介して圧縮機1、2のハウジング1a、2aにその底部に貯溜された油21、22の油面27、28より上位において連結されている。
【0020】
また、ケーシング53の底部はキャピラリチューブ17を有する油戻し管16を介して圧縮機1のハウジング1aにその最低必要油面位置23に接続され、かつ、キャピラリチューブ19を有する油戻し管18を介して圧縮機2のハウジング2aにその最低必要油面位置24に接続されている。
【0021】
そして、これら油戻し管16及び18はその全長に亘って圧縮機1、2の最低必要油面位置23、24より低位に布設されている。
他の構成は図3に示す従来のものと同様であり、対応する部材には同じ符号を付してその説明を省略する。
【0022】
しかして、圧縮機1及び2の停止時、圧縮機1、2のハウジング1a、2a内底部に貯溜された油21、22及びアキュムレータ50のケーシング53内底部に貯溜された油51は油戻し管16、18を通って相互に流動することによりこれらの油面27、28、52は等しくなる。
【0023】
圧縮機1及び2の運転時、アキュムレータ50のケーシング53内で液冷媒や潤滑油のミストを分離したガス冷媒は吸入管5、6を経て圧縮機1、2のハウジング1a、2a内に吸入される。
【0024】
ガス冷媒から分離されたミストはケーシング53内底部に一旦貯溜され、油戻し管16及びキャピラリチューブ17を経て徐々に圧縮機1のハウジング1aに戻ると同時に油戻し管18及びキャピラリチューブ19を通って徐々に圧縮機2のハウジング2aに戻る。
【0025】
圧縮機1及び2のいずれか一方例えば2が運転され、他方1が停止した場合には、圧縮機2のハウジング2a内が低圧となるので、アキュムレータ50内の油51が油戻し管18を経て圧縮機2のハウジング2a内に流入し、これに伴って圧縮機1内の油21が油戻し管16を通ってアキュムレータ50内に流入するが、圧縮機1内の油21の油面27は最低必要油面位置23以下に低下することはない。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
請求項1記載の発明は、アキュムレータのケーシング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間と各圧縮機のハウジング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間とをそれぞれ独立した吸入管を介して接続するとともにアキュムレータの下部と各圧縮機のハウジングの最低必要油面位置とをそれぞれ独立した油戻し管で接続し、これら油戻し管を上記最低必要油面位置より低位に設置したものである
【0027】
よって、複数台の圧縮機の運転中アキュムレータのケーシング内でガス冷媒から分離された油はケーシング内底部に一旦貯溜され、油戻し管を通って徐々に各圧縮機のハウジング内に戻り、油を分離した冷媒ガスは各吸入管を通って各圧縮機のハウジング内の上部空間に吸入される
【0028】
全ての圧縮機を停止すれば、油戻し管を通って油が移動してアキュムレータのケーシング内の油及び各圧縮機のハウジング内の油の油面が等しくなる
【0029】
また、一部の圧縮機が停止したとき、そのハウジング内の油の油面は低下するが、最低必要油面以下に低下することはないのでこの圧縮機の潤滑不良や焼き付きを防止できる。また、各圧縮機のハウジング内底部を相互に接続する従来の均油管を廃止できるのでこの均油管の折損に伴うトラブルを回避できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施形態を示す回路図である。
【図2】本発明の第2の実施形態を示す回路図である。
【図3】従来の冷凍サイクルの回路図である。
【符号の説明】
1、2 圧縮機
5、6 吸入管
7 8 吐出管
1a、2a ハウジング
21、22 油
23、24 最低必要油面位置
27、28 油面
40 アキュムレータ
47 ケーシング
45、油
41、42 流出管
43、44 油戻し穴
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle such as an air conditioner.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An example of a conventional refrigeration cycle is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 3, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote low-pressure housing type compressors which are connected in parallel to the refrigerant circuit, and one accumulator 3 is installed on the suction side of these compressors 1 and 2.
[0003]
During the cooling operation, the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressors 1 and 2 enters the merging pipe 9 through the discharge pipes 7 and 8 as shown by solid arrows, merges there, and then exchanges outdoor heat through the four-way valve 36. It enters into the vessel 37, where it condenses and liquefies by dissipating heat to the outside air.
The liquid refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by being throttled by the throttle mechanism 38, and then enters the indoor heat exchanger 39, where it evaporates and evaporates by cooling the indoor air.
[0004]
This gas refrigerant flows from the suction pipe 31 into the casing 30 of the accumulator 3 through the four-way valve 36, where mist such as liquid refrigerant and lubricating oil contained in the gas refrigerant is separated.
The gas refrigerant from which the mist has been separated flows into the U-shaped tube 32 from its upper end opening, flows out through the U-shaped tube 32, branches, passes through the intake tubes 5 and 6, and the housings of the compressors 1 and 2 Inhaled into 1a, 2a.
[0005]
Mist such as liquid refrigerant and lubricating oil separated in the casing 30 of the accumulator 3 falls and is temporarily stored in the bottom of the casing 30.
The oil 33 at the bottom of the casing 30 enters the U-shaped pipe 32 through an oil return hole 34 that opens below the oil level 35, and is accompanied by the gas refrigerant passing through the U-shaped pipe 32. And 2 in the housings 1a and 2a and stored in the bottom thereof.
[0006]
The housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 are connected to each other via an oil equalizing pipe 25 that opens to the minimum required oil level positions 23 and 24, and the oil 21 stored in the bottom of the housing 1a of the compressor 1 and the compressor As the oil 22 stored in the inner bottom of the two housings 2a moves to each other through the oil equalizing pipe 25, the oil surfaces 27 and 28 become equal.
[0007]
At the time of heating operation, the four-way valve 36 is switched in reverse to the above, and the refrigerant circulates in the opposite direction to that at the time of cooling operation as indicated by the broken line arrows.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional refrigeration cycle, the oil leveling pipe 25 that connects the housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 needs to have a certain thickness in order to keep the oil levels 27 and 28 equal. The oil leveling pipe 25 may be broken by the vibrations 1 and 2.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been invented to solve the above-described problems, and relates to the following gist .
[0010]
The gist of the present invention is that, in a refrigeration cycle in which one accumulator is installed on the suction side of a plurality of low-pressure housing compressors connected in parallel to the refrigerant circuit, the accumulator is stored in the inner bottom portion of the casing. The upper oil level space of oil and the upper oil level space of oil stored in the inner bottom of the housing of each compressor are connected via independent suction pipes, and the lower part of the accumulator and the housing of each compressor are connected. The minimum required oil level position is connected to each other by an independent oil return pipe, and these oil return pipes are installed lower than the minimum required oil level position.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 40 denotes an accumulator, which includes a casing 47, an inflow pipe 48 that is tightly penetrated through the top plate, and outflow pipes 41 and 42 that are tightly penetrated through the bottom plate of the casing 47.
[0012]
The outflow pipes 41 and 42 rise almost vertically, and the upper ends thereof open onto the oil surface 46 of the oil 45 stored in the bottom of the casing 47. In addition, oil return holes 43 and 44 opened below the oil surface 46 are formed in the outflow pipes 41 and 42, respectively.
[0013]
The other end of the outflow pipe 41 is connected to the housing 1a of the compressor 1 via the suction pipe 5 and opens to the minimum required oil level position 23 of the oil 21 stored in the inner bottom of the housing 1a.
The other end of the outflow pipe 42 is connected to the housing 2a of the compressor 2 through the suction pipe 6 and opens to the minimum required oil level position 24 of the oil 22 stored in the inner bottom portion of the housing 2a.
[0014]
The discharge pipes 5 and 6 are laid at a position lower than the minimum required oil level positions 23 and 24 of the compressors 1 and 2 over the entire length thereof.
The other structure is the same as that of the prior art shown in FIG.
[0015]
During operation of the compressors 1 and 2, gas refrigerant enters the casing 47 of the accumulator 40 from the inflow pipe 48, and liquid refrigerant and lubricating oil mist contained in the gas refrigerant are separated in the upper space of the oil surface 46. Is done.
The gas refrigerant from which the mist has been separated is sucked into the housing 1a of the compressor 1 through the outflow pipe 41 and the suction pipe 5, and is sucked into the housing 2a of the compressor 2 through the outflow pipe 42 and the suction pipe 6. The
[0016]
The mist separated from the gas refrigerant is temporarily stored in the bottom of the casing 47, gradually enters the outflow pipes 41 and 42 through the oil return holes 43 and 44, and is compressed along with the gas refrigerant passing through the outflow pipes 41 and 42. It enters the housings 1a and 2a of the machines 1 and 2 and is stored at the bottom thereof.
[0017]
When either one of the compressors 1 or 2 is operated, for example, 2 and the other 1 is stopped, the pressure in the housing 2a of the compressor 2 becomes low, so that the oil 45 in the accumulator 40 becomes the oil return hole 44 and the outflow pipe 42. The oil flows into the housing 2a of the compressor 2 through the suction pipe 6 and the oil level 28 of the oil 22 in the housing 2a of the compressor 2 rises, but the oil level 46 of the oil 45 in the accumulator 40 is an oil return hole. Therefore, the oil level 27 of the oil 21 in the compressor 1 does not decrease below the minimum required oil level position 23.
[0018]
When the compressors 1 and 2 are stopped, the oil surfaces 27 and 28 of the oils 21 and 22 in the housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 and the oil surface 46 of the oil 45 in the casing 47 of the accumulator 40 become equal.
[0019]
A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
An inflow pipe 54 hermetically penetrating the top plate is fixed to the casing 53 of the accumulator 50, and the casing 53 is arranged on the liquid level 52 of the oil 51 stored at the bottom of the suction pipe 5 and the suction pipe 6. Are connected to the housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 above the oil surfaces 27 and 28 of the oils 21 and 22 stored at the bottom thereof.
[0020]
Further, the bottom of the casing 53 is connected to the housing 1a of the compressor 1 via the oil return pipe 16 having the capillary tube 17 at the minimum required oil level position 23, and via the oil return pipe 18 having the capillary tube 19 The minimum oil level position 24 is connected to the housing 2a of the compressor 2.
[0021]
These oil return pipes 16 and 18 are installed at a position lower than the minimum required oil level positions 23 and 24 of the compressors 1 and 2 over their entire length.
The other structure is the same as that of the prior art shown in FIG.
[0022]
Thus, when the compressors 1 and 2 are stopped, the oils 21 and 22 stored in the inner bottoms of the housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 and the oil 51 stored in the inner bottom of the casing 53 of the accumulator 50 are oil return pipes. These oil levels 27, 28, 52 are equalized by flowing through each other through 16, 18.
[0023]
During the operation of the compressors 1 and 2, the gas refrigerant obtained by separating the liquid refrigerant and the lubricant mist in the casing 53 of the accumulator 50 is sucked into the housings 1a and 2a of the compressors 1 and 2 through the suction pipes 5 and 6. The
[0024]
The mist separated from the gas refrigerant is temporarily stored in the bottom of the casing 53, and gradually returns to the housing 1a of the compressor 1 through the oil return pipe 16 and the capillary tube 17, and simultaneously passes through the oil return pipe 18 and the capillary tube 19. Gradually return to the housing 2a of the compressor 2.
[0025]
When either one of the compressors 1 and 2 is operated, for example, 2 and the other 1 is stopped, the housing 2a of the compressor 2 has a low pressure, so that the oil 51 in the accumulator 50 passes through the oil return pipe 18. The oil 21 flows into the housing 2a of the compressor 2, and along with this, the oil 21 in the compressor 1 flows into the accumulator 50 through the oil return pipe 16, but the oil level 27 of the oil 21 in the compressor 1 is It does not drop below the minimum required oil level position 23.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention , the oil level upper space of the oil stored in the inner bottom portion of the accumulator casing and the oil level upper space of the oil stored in the inner bottom portion of the housing of each compressor are provided via independent suction pipes. In addition, the lower part of the accumulator and the minimum required oil level position of each compressor housing are connected by independent oil return pipes, and these oil return pipes are installed lower than the minimum required oil level position. .
[0027]
Therefore, the oil separated from the gas refrigerant in the accumulator casing during operation of the plurality of compressors is temporarily stored in the bottom of the casing, and gradually returns to the housing of each compressor through the oil return pipe. The separated refrigerant gas is sucked into the upper space in the housing of each compressor through each suction pipe .
[0028]
If all the compressors are stopped, the oil moves through the oil return pipe so that the oil level in the accumulator casing and the oil level in each compressor housing are equal .
[0029]
Further, when some of the compressors are stopped, the oil level of the oil in the housing is lowered, but since the oil level is not lowered below the minimum required oil level, poor lubrication and seizure of the compressor can be prevented. Since it abolished the conventional oil equalizing pipe for connecting the housing bottom of the compressors to each other, it can be avoided problems associated with breakage of the oil equalizing tube.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a conventional refrigeration cycle.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 2 Compressor 5, 6 Suction pipe 7 8 Discharge pipe
1a, 2a housing
21, 22 oil
23, 24 Minimum required oil level position
27, 28 Oil level
40 Accumulator
47 Casing
45, oil
41, 42 Outflow pipe
43, 44 Oil return hole

Claims (1)

冷媒回路に並列に接続された複数の低圧ハウジング型圧縮機の吸入側に一個のアキュムレータを設置してなる冷凍サイクルにおいて、上記アキュムレータのケーシング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間と上記各圧縮機のハウジング内底部に貯溜された油の油面上部空間とをそれぞれ独立した吸入管を介して接続するとともに上記アキュムレータの下部と上記各圧縮機のハウジングの最低必要油面位置とをそれぞれ独立した油戻し管で接続し、これら油戻し管を上記最低必要油面位置より低位に設置したことを特徴とする冷凍サイクル。In the refrigeration cycle in which a single accumulator is installed on the suction side of a plurality of low-pressure housing compressors connected in parallel to the refrigerant circuit, the oil level upper space of the oil stored in the bottom of the accumulator casing and each of the above The upper oil level space of oil stored in the inner bottom of the compressor housing is connected via independent suction pipes, and the lower part of the accumulator and the minimum required oil level position of the compressor housing are independent of each other. The refrigeration cycle is characterized in that the oil return pipes are connected at a lower position than the minimum required oil level.
JP09029497A 1997-03-25 1997-03-25 Refrigeration cycle Expired - Lifetime JP3649548B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP09029497A JP3649548B2 (en) 1997-03-25 1997-03-25 Refrigeration cycle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP09029497A JP3649548B2 (en) 1997-03-25 1997-03-25 Refrigeration cycle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10267435A JPH10267435A (en) 1998-10-09
JP3649548B2 true JP3649548B2 (en) 2005-05-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP09029497A Expired - Lifetime JP3649548B2 (en) 1997-03-25 1997-03-25 Refrigeration cycle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3649548B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030083058A (en) * 2002-04-19 2003-10-30 삼성전자주식회사 Air Conditioner Having Oil Distributing Apparatus
KR100556766B1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2006-03-10 엘지전자 주식회사 Apparatus for uniforming oil level for out door unit of air conditioner
KR20070045266A (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-05-02 터보코 인코포레이티드 Dynamically controlled compressors
EP1677057A3 (en) * 2004-12-28 2009-06-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heat pump with compressor oil distribution
EP1696189B1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2017-09-27 LG Electronics, Inc. Air-conditioner having multiple compressors
JP5001730B2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2012-08-15 三菱重工業株式会社 Refrigeration equipment
CN104567146B (en) * 2013-10-23 2017-01-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Gas-liquid separator and air conditioner comprising same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10267435A (en) 1998-10-09

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