JP3648060B2 - Outer insulation structure and wooden house - Google Patents

Outer insulation structure and wooden house Download PDF

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JP3648060B2
JP3648060B2 JP18579098A JP18579098A JP3648060B2 JP 3648060 B2 JP3648060 B2 JP 3648060B2 JP 18579098 A JP18579098 A JP 18579098A JP 18579098 A JP18579098 A JP 18579098A JP 3648060 B2 JP3648060 B2 JP 3648060B2
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heat insulating
white
foamed plastic
insulating material
foundation
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JP2000017747A (en
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典正 三原
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ダウ化工株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、断熱材、特に発泡プラスチック断熱材を基礎及び外壁の外周に設けた木造家屋の外張り断熱構造に関し、詳しくは白蟻防止もしくは白蟻防除のための外張り断熱構造及び当該外張り断熱構造を有する木造家屋に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より木造住宅においては、高断熱・高気密性を確保し、耐久性及び住環境を向上させるために様々な対応が取られている。例えば、寒冷地住宅においては、基礎を断熱することにより床下空間を外空間から熱的に遮断し、床下空間を建物内部の空間とする基礎断熱工法が採用されるようになってきた。
【0003】
かかる基礎断熱工法においては断熱材として発泡プラスチック断熱材が多用されている。一方、基礎断熱された住宅の白蟻被害の報告によると、発泡プラスチック断熱材自体は白蟻の餌とはならないものの、白蟻には餌と成り得る木材に含まれるセルロース、ヘミセルロースや水を求めて無作為に土中を移動する習性があり、この移動途中に発泡プラスチック断熱材が存在すればその内部を白蟻が通過することがある。このように発泡プラスチック断熱材間を白蟻が通過する場合、これを外部から直接観測することができないため白蟻の侵入を容易に発見できず、白蟻による被害を未然に防止することができないという問題があった。
【0004】
従来、上記のような基礎断熱工法における白蟻対策としては、基礎断熱材の外側に、防蟻剤を含浸または混入したいわゆる防蟻シートを土中部分の全面に貼り、白蟻の侵入を防止するというのが一般的な工法であった。
【0005】
また、基礎断熱工法とは異なる一般工法における白蟻対策として、実公平4−21372号公報及び実公平7−35932号公報には、基礎と土台の間に銅系金属板を装着し、銅の緑青の毒性によって白蟻を死滅させ、あるいは土台への侵入を防止する技術が開示されている。また、実開昭57−17308号公報及び実開昭59−96351号公報には、基礎の内周もしくは内外周に蟻返し板を配置する技術が開示されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の白蟻対策には以下のような問題があった。
【0007】
(1)防蟻シートを使用する場合、通常その使用耐用年数は5年から10年といわれており、半永久的に効力があるものではない。また、土中内部で使用することは雨水や他の微生物の影響によって、その効力は激減するものと予想され、また、環境面においても薬害による汚染の可能性もある。
【0008】
(2)実公平4−21372号公報及び実公平7−35932号公報のように基礎と土台の間に銅系金属板を装着する基礎構造を基礎断熱工法に応用したとき、白蟻が基礎から土台へ直接侵入することは回避できるものの、基礎外周面の断熱材に侵入した白蟻は土台へは侵入せずに壁内に入り込み、壁の構造材へ被害をもたらすと共に、壁内から逆に土台に侵入することもあり、その防止には効果的であるとはいえない。
【0009】
(3)実開昭57−17308号公報及び実開昭59−96351号公報のように蟻返し板を配置する方法では、蟻返し板を基礎の外周面から大きく突出させなければ十分な効果が得られないため、蟻返し板の設置に大きなスペースが必要であった。また、このように基礎の外周面から大きく突出した蟻返し板は、建物の外観を損ねると共に、建物周囲の通行時に過って破損したり、危険を伴うといった問題もある。
【0010】
本発明は、上記事情を鑑み、基礎及び外壁の外周に発泡プラスチック断熱材を張設した木造家屋の外張り断熱構造において、耐久性、信頼性に優れ、かつ環境汚染や建物の外観を損ねるといったような問題もない白蟻対策構造を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成すべく成された本発明の構成は以下の通りである。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の第1は、基礎立ち上がり部及び外壁の外周に発泡プラスチック断熱材を張設した木造家屋の外張り断熱構造であって、
白蟻防止性能を有する部材を、基礎立ち上がり部の外周に設けられた発泡プラスチック断熱材の地上部分の厚み方向の全体にわたって覆うとともに、基礎立ち上がり部の外周面に当接して設けてなることを特徴とする外張り断熱構造にある。
【0013】
本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造においては、前記白蟻防止性能を有する部材が、銅を含む金属板からなることが好ましい。
【0014】
上記本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造は、基礎の外周に設けた断熱材内に白蟻が侵入するのを許容するものであるが、所定の位置に設けた白蟻防止性能を有する部材によってそれ以上の侵入を防止しようとするものである。
【0015】
本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造においては、更に、白蟻防止性能を有する部材を、基礎立ち上がり部の外周に設けられた前記発泡プラスチック断熱材の少なくとも土中部分の外周面から基礎に当接する底面に連続して設けることが好ましい。これは、白蟻防止性能を有する部材によって基礎の外周に設けた断熱材内に白蟻が侵入するのを防止しようとするものである。
【0016】
また、更に、床を土間コンクリート床としてなること、もしくは、床を木造床組となし、床下土壌面をコンクリート押さえとしてなることも好ましい。
【0017】
本発明の第は、本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造を有する木造家屋にある。
0018
【発明の実施の形態】
先ず、本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
0019
図1(b)は本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造の基本的な構造例である。
0020
図1(b)に示すように、コンクリート基礎1の外周(基礎1の立ち上がり部の外周)及び外壁の外周には、夫々発泡プラスチック断熱材2及び6が設けられている。
0021
この発泡プラスチック断熱材2及び6の材料としては、断熱性に優れ、保水性が無く、耐久性にも優れたものが望ましく、例えばポリスチレン発泡体,硬質ウレタン発泡体,フェノール発泡体等が挙げられる。かかる発泡プラスチック断熱材の厚みは地域毎の設計環境温度等から要求される断熱性能によって決められ、上記の材料を用いることにより通常は20mm〜100mm程度とすることができるが、これに限定されるものではない
0022
また、基礎1の外周に設けられた発泡プラスチック断熱材2の地上部分には、その厚み方向の全体を覆うように白蟻防止性能を有する部材3(以下、「白蟻防止部材3」と称す。)が設けられている。この白蟻防止部材3は、基礎1の外周面(図1(b)参照)に当接して設けられる(参考例である図1(a)では基礎1の上面に当接して設けられている。)。尚、「白蟻防止」とは、白蟻の侵入を防ぐことであり、死滅させることまでをも意味するものではない。
0023
かかる白蟻防止部材3の素材としては、少なくとも白蟻被害に耐性の材料が用いられ、例えば銅板、ステンレス鋼板、亜鉛メッキ処理鋼板及びその他の金属板(シート状のものも含む)等、もしくは熱的に有利である合成樹脂板(シート状のものも含む)等を用いることができる。合成樹脂材料を用いる場合には、実開昭57−17308号公報に記載されたようにロックウエル硬度がR50以上となればより効果的である。
0024
これらの材料の中でも銅板のように銅を含む金属板は、銅の緑青の毒性もしくは銅イオンの殺菌効果によって白蟻を死滅させる作用も備えており、白蟻防除が可能であるため特に好ましい。尚、「白蟻防除」とは、防止と駆除の両方であり、白蟻の侵入を防ぎさらに死滅させることを意味する。
0025
白蟻防止部材3として金属板を用いる場合には、その厚さは通常0.1mm〜2mm程度であり、合成樹脂板を用いる場合には、その厚さは通常0.5mm〜5mm程度であるが、これに限定されるものではない。
0026
上記のような構成を有する本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造によれば、十分な白蟻対策が実現される。この点について以下に説明する。
0027
一般に白蟻は地中に棲息し、発泡プラスチック断熱材2が無い場合にはコンクリート基礎1の表面に沿って接触蟻道を形成して上昇し土台4に達し、更に土台4上の柱5まで上昇して木質部材を浸蝕して食害を発生する。かかる接触蟻道は視認できるため、白蟻による被害をある程度未然に防ぐことが可能である。
0028
一方、コンクリート基礎1の外周に発泡プラスチック断熱材2を敷設すると、白蟻は土中から発泡プラスチック断熱材2内に侵入して上昇するため、外部から白蟻の侵入を発見することは困難であり、被害がより拡大する恐れがある。特に、基礎のみならず外壁部分にも外張り断熱を行うと、白蟻は外壁部分の発泡プラスチック断熱材6内を更に上昇し、柱5等を含むより広い範囲にわたって食害が発生する危険性がある。
0029
これに対し上記本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造の場合には、白蟻防止部材3の片側端部はコンクリート基礎1に密着して施工されるため、発泡プラスチック断熱材2内に侵入した白蟻が土台4まで侵入するためには、コンクリート基礎1を貫通する(このケースは考えにくい)か白蟻防止部材3を乗り越えて侵入するしかない。
0030
しかしながら、発泡プラスチック断熱材2内では白蟻の自由な進行が阻害されると共に、発泡プラスチック断熱材2の厚み方向の全体にわたって白蟻防止部材3が設けられているため、白蟻が白蟻防止部材3を乗り越えることは困難である。特に、白蟻防止部材3として白蟻防除機能を有する銅板等を用いた場合には、発泡プラスチック断熱材2内での白蟻の自由な進行が阻害されることと相俟って白蟻防除機能が極めて有効に働き、より一層確実に白蟻の侵入を防止できる。
0031
また、前述のように、白蟻には餌と成り得る成分を求めて土中を移動する習性があり、この土中での移動途中に発泡プラスチック断熱材が存在すればその内部に侵入することはあるものの、白蟻もしくは白蟻が土中を経過せずに直接空気中より外張り断熱材に侵入した例を、本発明者は経験していない。
0032
このような経験からすると、本発明のように基礎のみならず外壁の外周にも発泡プラスチック断熱材を張設した外張り断熱構造においては、発泡プラスチック断熱材への白蟻(幼虫)の侵入は、白蟻防止部材3の下方の発泡プラスチック断熱材2の内部に限られたものとなり、白蟻防止部材3の上方の発泡プラスチック断熱材の内部への侵入は考えられない。また、暗所を好む白蟻の習性からして、白蟻防止部材3に突き当たった後に、発泡プラスチック断熱材2内から外部に出ることは考えられず、さらに上記の経験からして一旦外部に出た白蟻が発泡プラスチック断熱材の外表面を上昇し、白蟻防止部材3よりも上方の発泡プラスチック断熱材の内部に再度侵入することは皆無と言ってよい。
0033
さらに、白蟻には餌と成り得る成分を求めて土中を移動する習性があるものの、本発明のように外壁の外周面にも発泡プラスチック断熱材6が設けられた構造では土台4は十分に乾燥した状態が維持されているため、かかる白蟻の習性による進行を効果的に防止することができ、上記の白蟻防止部材3の作用効果と相俟って極めて信頼性の高い白蟻対策が実現されている。
0034
図1に示した例では白蟻防止部材3として平板状のものを用いているが、白蟻防止部材3の形状はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば図2に示すように断面L字状のものや、図3に示すように断面コの字状のもの等、所望の形状を選択することができる。
0035
平板状の白蟻防止部材3を図1(b)に示すように基礎1の外周面に接して設ける場合には、コンクリート基礎1との間に隙間が生じ易く、この隙間が白蟻の通り道となる場合がある。一方、L字状もしくはコの字状等の白蟻防止部材を用いる場合には、コンクリート基礎1と面で当接することができるため、隙間が生じる危険性が少なく、白蟻対策上好ましい。なお、L字状もしくはコの字状等の白蟻防止部材3が基礎1と密着する折り曲げ部分の幅は、2cm〜6cm程度で十分であるが、これに限定されるものではない。
0036
白蟻防止部材3をコンクリート基礎1の外周面に当接させる場合には、白蟻防止部材3はコンクリート基礎1に後付けすることもできるが、発泡プラスチック断熱材2と共にコンクリートの打ち込みと同時に一体施工することが、白蟻対策上好ましい。これにより、白蟻防止部材3及び発泡プラスチック断熱材2と基礎1とをより確実に密着して施工することができ、上記の白蟻の通り道となる隙間が生じるのを防止することができる。
0037
本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造において、白蟻防止部材3として金属板等の熱橋となりやすい素材を用いる場合には、図3(b)に示すように白蟻防止部材3の外側を熱橋防止テープ7によって保護することが好ましい。尚、この熱橋防止テープ7も白蟻防止用のテープ(例えばイカリ薬品製/防蟻テープ)を使用すればより効果的である。
0038
なお、図3(a)における白蟻防止部材3の外側下方への折り曲げ部分は、白蟻の通り道をより確実に塞ぎ、白蟻が白蟻防止部材3の外側を乗り越えて上方の断熱材に侵入する危険性を小さくするものである。
0039
また、本発明のようにコンクリート基礎1の外周に発泡プラスチック断熱材2を設ける外張り断熱構造において、発泡プラスチック断熱材2として例えばポリスチレン発泡体のように紫外線劣化する可能性がある材料を用いる場合には、地上部分の外表面をモルタル仕上げとするか、もしくは珪酸カルシウム板,フレキシブルボード等の外装材が張設される。このような場合には、白蟻防止部材3の外周にモルタル仕上げもしくは外装材が張設されることになり、白蟻が白蟻防止部材3の外側を乗り越えて侵入する危険性は極めて小さくなる。
【0040】
次に、本発明の外張り断熱構造の別の実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
0041
図4は、参考例である。
0042
図4に示すように、コンクリート基礎1及び外壁の外周には前記本発明の第1と同様、夫々発泡プラスチック断熱材2及び6が設けられ、更に発泡プラスチック断熱材2の外周面には白蟻防止性能を有する部材9(以下、「白蟻防止部材9」と称す。)が設けられている。
0043
白蟻防止部材9として図4のように板状もしくはシート状の用いる場合には、前記白蟻防止部材3と同様のものを用いることができ、特に耐蝕性・耐久性に優れ且つ高い表面硬度(ロックウエル硬度がR50以上)を有する硬質合成樹脂板もしくはステンレス鋼板等が特に好ましい。この合成樹脂材料としては、例えばポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ABS、HIPS、硬質塩化ビニル、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリエステル等が挙げられる。
0044
白蟻防止部材9として例えばステンレス鋼板を用いる場合には、その厚さは通常0.1mm〜0.5mm程度であり、硬質合成樹脂板(もしくはシート)を用いる場合には、その厚さは通常0.1mm〜0.5mm程度であるが、これに限定されるものではない。
0045
記の外張り断熱構造によれば、発泡プラスチック断熱材2の土中に接触する部分に、白蟻防止部材9が一様に連続して敷設されるため、発泡プラスチック断熱材2内に白蟻が侵入するのを防止することができる。また、白蟻防止部材9として特に表面硬度の高い金属板や硬質合成樹脂板等を用いた場合には、白蟻が接触蟻道を形成することが困難となり、板状体8の表面に沿って上昇するのを防止することもできる。
0046
また、図4(a)に示すように、発泡プラスチック断熱材2の外周面全面に白蟻防止部材9を張設した場合には、白蟻防止部材9は発泡プラスチック断熱材2の紫外線劣化防止の役割も果たすことができ、前述のようなモルタル仕上げ等を省略することができる。
0047
図4(b)に示すように、土中部分のみに白蟻防止部材9を張設することもできる。このような場合には、土と接しない部分(地上部分)にはラス網10を張設することが好ましく、これによりその後の仕上げモルタル11の施工が容易になる。なお、白蟻防止部材9及びラス網10は、コンクリート基礎1に後付けすることなく、発泡プラスチック断熱材2と共にコンクリートの打ち込みと同時に一体施工することもできる。
【0048】
本発明の外張り断熱構造では、図1(b)等に示した白蟻防止部材3に加え、更に、図5に示すように、白蟻防止部材9を発泡プラスチック断熱材2の外周面から底面にも連続して張設することが好ましい。これにより白蟻が発泡プラスチック断熱材2内に侵入するのをより一層確実に防止することができる。この場合、図5(a)のように1回曲げの白蟻防止部材9を張設するよりも、図5(b)のように2回曲げの白蟻防止部材9を張設するほうがより効果的である。
0049
また、図5のように予め折り曲げ加工を施した白蟻防止部材9を用いる場合には、コンクリート基礎の下地に釘止めすることができ、発泡プラスチック断熱材2を自立させるように仮置きすることが可能であるし、コンクリート下地の不陸によって隙間が生じその隙間から白蟻が侵入するのを回避することも可能である。
【0051】
図1(b)等に示した白蟻防止部材3に加え、更に、図5に示したように白蟻防止部材9を発泡プラスチック断熱材2の外周面から底面にも連続して張設した場合、先の説明から理解されるように白蟻の忌避効果としては二段階の作用効果がある。すなわち、第一段階として白蟻防止部材9によって土中から発泡プラスチック断熱材2内への白蟻の侵入が防止され、たとえ白蟻が侵入したとしても第二段階として白蟻防止部材3によってそれ以上の侵入を防止でき、極めて確実に白蟻対策がなされる。
0052
本発明のような基礎断熱を含めた外張り断熱においては、一般工法において形成される床下換気口は形成されないため、地表外部から床下空間に白蟻が侵入することは稀である。しかしながら、地中を通ってコンクリート基礎1の底面を越えて床下にまで侵入することが考えられる。
0053
このような場合には、図6(a)に例示するように、床を土間コンクリート床12とするか、図6(b)に例示するように、床を木造床組13となし、床下土壌面を、コンクリート押さえ14とすることが好ましい。これにより、床下からの白蟻の侵入も防止することができ、総合的な白蟻対策がなされる。尚、図6は、参考例である図1(a)の外張り断熱構造と土間コンクリート床及び木造床組とを組み合わせた参考例であり、15は防湿シート、16は断熱材である。
0054
以上説明した本発明の外張り断熱構造を採用した木造家屋においては、高断熱・高気密性が確保され住環境が向上されると共に、特に白蟻による土台等の被害を防止し耐久性の高い木造住宅が実現されるものである。
0055
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の外張り断熱構造よれば、耐久性、信頼性に優れ、かつ環境汚染や建物の外観を損ねるといったような問題もない白蟻防止構造が実現される。また、かかる外張り断熱構造を木造家屋に採用することによって、高断熱・高気密性の確保と共に、白蟻対策がなされた高耐久の木造住宅が実現される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 (a)は参考例の外張り断熱構造、(b)は本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造の一例を示す断面図である。
【図2】 本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造の別の例を示す断面図である。
【図3】 本発明の第1の外張り断熱構造の別の例を示す断面図である。
【図4】 参考例の外張り断熱構造を示す断面図である。
【図5】 本発明の第の外張り断熱構造に付加される白蟻防止部材9の一例を示す断面図である。
【図6】 参考例である図1(a)の外張り断熱構造と土間コンクリート床及び木造床組と組み合わせた断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 コンクリート基礎
2 発泡プラスチック断熱材
3 白蟻防止部材
4 土台
5 柱
6 外張壁断熱材
7 熱橋防止テープ
9 白蟻防止部材
10 ラス網
11 仕上げモルタル
12 土間コンクリート床
13 木造床組
14 コンクリート押さえ
15 防湿シート
16 断熱材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat insulating material, in particular, a heat insulating structure for a wooden house provided with a foamed plastic heat insulating material on the outer periphery of a foundation and an outer wall, and more specifically, a heat insulating structure for preventing white ants or controlling white ants, and the outer heat insulating structure. Relates to a wooden house with
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in wooden houses, various measures have been taken to ensure high heat insulation and high airtightness and to improve durability and living environment. For example, in a cold district house, a basic heat insulation method has been adopted in which the underfloor space is thermally shielded from the outer space by insulating the foundation to make the underfloor space a space inside the building.
[0003]
In such a basic heat insulating method, a foamed plastic heat insulating material is frequently used as a heat insulating material. On the other hand, according to reports of white ant damage in houses with basic insulation, foamed plastic insulation itself does not serve as white ant bait, but white ants are random in search of cellulose, hemicellulose and water contained in wood that can be used as bait. There is a habit of moving in the soil, and if there is a foamed plastic heat insulating material in the middle of this movement, white ants may pass through the inside. In this way, when white ants pass between the foamed plastic insulation, it is not possible to directly observe them from the outside, so it is difficult to detect white ant intrusions and prevent damage by white ants beforehand. there were.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a countermeasure against white ants in the basic heat insulation method as described above, a so-called ant-proof sheet impregnated with or mixed with an ant-proofing agent is pasted on the entire surface of the soil to prevent the invasion of white ants. This was a common construction method.
[0005]
In addition, as a measure against white ants in a general construction method different from the basic heat insulation construction method, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-213372 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-35932, a copper-based metal plate is mounted between the foundation and the base, and copper patina. Techniques have been disclosed for killing white ants due to their toxicity or preventing entry into the foundation. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 57-17308 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-96351 disclose a technique for disposing a dovetail plate on the inner periphery or inner periphery of the foundation.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional white ant countermeasures have the following problems.
[0007]
(1) When using an ant-proof sheet, it is usually said that its service life is 5 to 10 years and is not semipermanently effective. In addition, the use in soil is expected to be drastically reduced due to the effects of rainwater and other microorganisms, and there is also a possibility of environmental pollution due to chemical damage.
[0008]
(2) When applying the foundation structure in which a copper-based metal plate is mounted between the foundation and the foundation as in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-21372 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-35932, the white ants are the foundation from the foundation. Although it is possible to avoid intruding directly into the wall, white ants that have infiltrated the heat insulating material on the outer periphery of the foundation do not enter the base and enter the wall, causing damage to the structural material of the wall. It may be intruded and not effective in preventing it.
[0009]
(3) In the method of arranging the dovetail plate as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Nos. 57-17308 and 59-96351, a sufficient effect is obtained unless the dovetail plate is protruded greatly from the outer peripheral surface of the foundation. Since it was not obtained, a large space was required for installation of the dovetail plate. In addition, the dovetail plate that protrudes greatly from the outer peripheral surface of the foundation in this way has a problem in that the appearance of the building is impaired, and it is excessively damaged when passing around the building, and there is a danger.
[0010]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention has an excellent durability and reliability in an external heat insulating structure of a wooden house in which a foamed plastic heat insulating material is stretched on the outer periphery of a foundation and an outer wall, and impairs environmental pollution and the appearance of a building. An object of the present invention is to provide a white ant countermeasure structure without such a problem.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The configuration of the present invention made to achieve the above object is as follows.
[0012]
That is, the first of the present invention is an outer heat insulating structure of a wooden house in which a foamed plastic heat insulating material is stretched around the foundation rising portion and the outer periphery of the outer wall,
A member having white ant prevention performance is provided over the entire thickness direction of the ground part of the foamed plastic heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the basic rising part , and is provided in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the basic rising part. It has an outer heat insulation structure.
[0013]
In the first outer clad heat insulating structure of the present invention, members having the termites prevention performance, and this is preferably made of a metal plate including copper.
[0014]
The first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention allows white ants to enter the heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the foundation, but the member has white ant preventing performance provided at a predetermined position. This is to prevent the above intrusion.
[0015]
In the first outer clad heat insulating structure of the present invention, further, contact the member having a termite preventing performance, the foundation from the outer peripheral surface of at least the soil portion provided on the outer periphery of the basal rising portion and the foamed plastic insulation material preferably Rukoto provided continuously to the bottom surface. This is to prevent white ants from entering the heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the foundation by a member having white ant prevention performance.
[0016]
Also, further, to become a bed as earth floor concrete floor, or, it is also preferably made floor wooden floor assembly and without the underfloor soil surface as the concrete retainer.
[0017]
A second aspect of the present invention is a wooden house having the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention.
[ 0018 ]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[ 0019 ]
1 (b) is a basic structure of the first outer clad heat insulating structure of the present invention.
[ 0020 ]
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the outer periphery of and the outer wall (outer periphery of the rising portion of the foundation 1) of the outer concrete foundation 1, respectively foamed plastic insulation material 2 and 6 are provided.
[ 0021 ]
As the material for the foamed plastic heat insulating materials 2 and 6, materials having excellent heat insulation, no water retention and excellent durability are desirable, and examples thereof include polystyrene foam, hard urethane foam, phenol foam and the like. . The thickness of such a foamed plastic heat insulating material is determined by the heat insulating performance required from the design environment temperature of each region, etc., and can usually be about 20 mm to 100 mm by using the above materials, but is limited to this. It is not a thing .
[ 0022 ]
In addition, the ground part of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 provided on the outer periphery of the foundation 1 is a member 3 having a pea prevention performance so as to cover the entire thickness direction (hereinafter referred to as “white ant prevention member 3”). Is provided. The termite prevention member 3 are provided on the outer peripheral surface the top surface shown in FIG. 1 (a) in basal 1 is in contact with is provided (reference example in (see FIG. 1 (b)) of the foundation 1 in contact with .) Incidentally, “preventing white ants” means preventing the invasion of white ants, and does not mean even killing them.
[ 0023 ]
As a material for the peanut prevention member 3, at least a material resistant to peanut damage is used. For example, a copper plate, a stainless steel plate, a galvanized steel plate and other metal plates (including sheet-like ones), or the like thermally An advantageous synthetic resin plate (including a sheet-like one) or the like can be used. When a synthetic resin material is used, it is more effective if the Rockwell hardness is R50 or more as described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 57-17308.
[ 0024 ]
Among these materials, a metal plate containing copper, such as a copper plate, is particularly preferable because it has a function of killing white ants by the toxicity of copper patina or the bactericidal effect of copper ions, and can control white ants. “White ant control” means both prevention and extermination, and means that white ants are prevented from invading and killed.
[ 0025 ]
When a metal plate is used as the white ant prevention member 3, the thickness is usually about 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and when a synthetic resin plate is used, the thickness is usually about 0.5 mm to 5 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
[ 0026 ]
According to the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention having the above-described configuration, a sufficient countermeasure against white ants is realized. This will be described below.
[ 0027 ]
In general, white ants live in the ground, and when there is no foamed plastic insulation 2, a contact ant road is formed along the surface of the concrete foundation 1 to rise to the base 4 and further to the pillar 5 on the base 4 As a result, the wood member is eroded and damage is caused. Since such contact ant roads can be visually recognized, it is possible to prevent damage caused by white ants to some extent.
[ 0028 ]
On the other hand, when the foam plastic heat insulating material 2 is laid on the outer periphery of the concrete foundation 1, the white ants enter the foam plastic heat insulating material 2 from the soil and rise, so it is difficult to find the white ants invading from the outside. There is a risk of further damage. In particular, when heat insulation is applied not only to the foundation but also to the outer wall portion, white ants rise further in the foamed plastic heat insulating material 6 on the outer wall portion, and there is a risk of causing damage to a wider area including the pillar 5 and the like. .
[ 0029 ]
On the other hand, in the case of the first external heat insulating structure of the present invention, the one side end portion of the white ant prevention member 3 is constructed in close contact with the concrete foundation 1, and therefore, the white ant that has entered the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2. In order to penetrate into the base 4, the only way to penetrate is through the concrete foundation 1 (this case is unlikely) or over the white ant prevention member 3.
[ 0030 ]
However, the free progress of white ants is inhibited in the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 and the white ants preventing member 3 is provided over the whole thickness direction of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2. It is difficult. In particular, when a copper plate or the like having a white ant control function is used as the white ant prevention member 3, the white ant control function is extremely effective in combination with inhibition of the free progress of the white ants in the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2. And can prevent the invasion of white ants more reliably.
[ 0031 ]
In addition, as mentioned above, white ants have the habit of moving through the soil in search of ingredients that can be bait, and if there is a foamed plastic heat insulating material in the middle of movement in this soil, it will not penetrate into the inside However, the present inventor has not experienced an example in which a white ant or a white ant has entered the outer heat insulating material directly from the air without passing through the soil.
[ 0032 ]
From such experience, in the outer heat insulating structure in which the foamed plastic heat insulating material is stretched not only on the foundation but also on the outer periphery of the outer wall as in the present invention, the invasion of white ants (larvae) into the foamed plastic heat insulating material is It is limited to the inside of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 below the white ant preventing member 3, and the intrusion of the foamed plastic heat insulating material above the white ant preventing member 3 cannot be considered. In addition, because of the behavior of white ants who prefer dark places, after hitting the white ant prevention member 3, it is not possible to go outside from the inside of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2, and from the above experience, it once went outside. It can be said that the white ants rise on the outer surface of the foam plastic heat insulating material and never enter the foam plastic heat insulating material above the white ant preventing member 3 again.
[ 0033 ]
Furthermore, although white ants have the habit of moving through the soil in search of ingredients that can be used as bait, the base 4 is sufficient in the structure in which the foamed plastic heat insulating material 6 is also provided on the outer peripheral surface of the outer wall as in the present invention. Since the dried state is maintained, it is possible to effectively prevent the progress of the white ants due to their behavior, and in combination with the action and effect of the above-mentioned white ant prevention member 3, an extremely reliable white ant countermeasure is realized. ing.
[ 0034 ]
In the example shown in FIG. 1, a plate-shaped member is used as the pea prevention member 3, but the shape of the pea prevention member 3 is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG. 2, it has an L-shaped cross section. It is possible to select a desired shape such as the one having a U-shaped cross section as shown in FIG.
[ 0035 ]
When the flat pea prevention member 3 is provided in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the foundation 1 as shown in FIG. 1B, a gap is likely to be formed between the concrete foundation 1 and this gap becomes a path for the peanut. There is a case. On the other hand, when using an L-shaped or U-shaped white ant prevention member, since it can abut against the concrete foundation 1 on the surface, there is little risk of gaps, which is preferable in terms of measures against white ants. In addition, although the width | variety of the bending part in which the white ant prevention member 3 of L shape or U shape closely_contact | adheres to the foundation 1 is enough about 2 cm-6 cm, it is not limited to this.
[ 0036 ]
When the white ant prevention member 3 is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the concrete foundation 1, the white ant prevention member 3 can be retrofitted to the concrete foundation 1, but it should be integrated with the foamed plastic insulation 2 at the same time as the concrete is driven. However, it is preferable in terms of measures against white ants. Thereby, the white ant preventing member 3 and the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 and the foundation 1 can be more closely attached to each other and can be constructed, and it is possible to prevent the formation of a gap that becomes a path for the above white ants.
[ 0037 ]
In the first thermal insulation structure of the present invention, when a material that tends to become a thermal bridge such as a metal plate is used as the white ant prevention member 3, the outer side of the white ant prevention member 3 is connected to the thermal bridge as shown in FIG. It is preferable to protect with the prevention tape 7. This thermal bridge prevention tape 7 is also more effective if a white ant prevention tape (for example, made by Ikari Chemicals / ant proof tape) is used.
[ 0038 ]
Incidentally, the bent portions of the outer lower termite prevention member 3 definitive in FIG. 3 (a), closing the passage of termites more reliably, risk of termites from entering the upper heat insulating material over the outer termite prevention member 3 Is to reduce the nature.
[ 0039 ]
Further, in the outer heat insulating structure in which the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the concrete foundation 1 as in the present invention, the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 is made of a material that may be deteriorated by ultraviolet rays, such as polystyrene foam. The outer surface of the ground part is mortar-finished or an exterior material such as a calcium silicate plate or a flexible board is stretched. In such a case, a mortar finish or an exterior material is stretched on the outer periphery of the white ant prevention member 3, and the risk that the white ants get over the outside of the white ant prevention member 3 is extremely small.
[0040]
Next, another embodiment of the outer heat insulating structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[ 0041 ]
FIG. 4 is a reference example .
[ 0042 ]
As shown in FIG. 4 , foamed plastic heat insulating materials 2 and 6 are provided on the outer periphery of the concrete foundation 1 and the outer wall, respectively, as in the first aspect of the present invention. A member 9 having performance (hereinafter referred to as “white ant prevention member 9”) is provided.
[ 0043 ]
When used as termite preventing member 9 to the plate-like or sheet-like as in Figure 4, the can be the same as the termite prevention member 3, particularly excellent in corrosion resistance and durability and high surface hardness (Rockwell A hard synthetic resin plate or stainless steel plate having a hardness of R50 or more is particularly preferable. Examples of the synthetic resin material include polycarbonate, polypropylene, ABS, HIPS, hard vinyl chloride, high density polyethylene, and polyester.
[ 0044 ]
For example, when a stainless steel plate is used as the white ant prevention member 9, the thickness is usually about 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and when a hard synthetic resin plate (or sheet) is used, the thickness is usually 0. Although it is about 1 mm to 0.5 mm, it is not limited to this.
[ 0045 ]
According to the outer clad insulation structure above SL, the portion in contact with the soil of the foamed plastic insulation material 2, for termite preventing member 9 is uniformly laid continuously, the termites into the plastic foam heat insulator 2 Intrusion can be prevented. Further, when a metal plate or a hard synthetic resin plate having a particularly high surface hardness is used as the white ant prevention member 9, it becomes difficult for the white ants to form a contact ant path, and rises along the surface of the plate-like body 8. Can also be prevented.
[ 0046 ]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the white ant preventing member 9 is stretched over the entire outer peripheral surface of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2, the white ant preventing member 9 plays a role in preventing the ultraviolet deterioration of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2. The mortar finishing as described above can be omitted.
[ 0047 ]
As shown in FIG. 4B, the white ant preventing member 9 can be stretched only in the soil. In such a case, it is preferable to stretch the lath net 10 in a portion not in contact with the soil (the above-ground portion), thereby facilitating the subsequent installation of the finishing mortar 11. In addition, the white ant prevention member 9 and the lath net 10 can be integrated with the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 at the same time as the concrete is driven without being retrofitted to the concrete foundation 1.
[0048]
In the outer heat insulating structure of the present invention , in addition to the white ant preventing member 3 shown in FIG. 1B and the like, the white ant preventing member 9 is further provided from the outer peripheral surface to the bottom surface of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 as shown in FIG. Also, it is preferable to stretch continuously. Thereby, it is possible to more reliably prevent the white ants from entering the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2. In this case, it is more effective to stretch the bend prevention member 9 bent twice as shown in FIG. 5B than to apply the bean prevention member 9 bent once as shown in FIG. It is.
[ 0049 ]
Moreover, when using the white ant preventing member 9 that has been bent in advance as shown in FIG. 5 , it can be nailed to the foundation of the concrete foundation, and the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 can be temporarily placed so as to be self-supporting. It is possible, and it is also possible to avoid the occurrence of white ants from the gap caused by the unevenness of the concrete base.
[0051]
In addition to the white ant preventing member 3 shown in FIG. 1 (b) and the like, further, when the white ant preventing member 9 is continuously stretched from the outer peripheral surface to the bottom surface of the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 as shown in FIG. 5 , As understood from the above explanation, there is a two-stage action effect as a repellent effect of white ants. That is, the white ants are prevented from entering the foamed plastic heat insulating material 2 from the soil by the white ants prevention member 9 as the first step, and even if the white ants enter, the white ants prevention member 3 as the second step prevents further penetration. It can be prevented, and the countermeasures against white ants are taken with certainty.
[ 0052 ]
In the outer heat insulation including the basic heat insulation as in the present invention, the underfloor ventilation hole formed in the general construction method is not formed, so that it is rare that a white ant enters the underfloor space from the outside of the ground surface. However, it is conceivable that it penetrates through the ground to the bottom of the concrete foundation 1 and under the floor.
[ 0053 ]
In such a case, as illustrated in FIG. 6 (a), or a bed and earthen concrete floor 12, as illustrated in FIG. 6 (b), the floor wooden floor assembly 13 ungated, underfloor soil The surface is preferably a concrete presser 14. Thereby, the invasion of white ants from under the floor can be prevented, and a comprehensive countermeasure against white ants is taken. FIG. 6 is a reference example in which the outer heat insulating structure of FIG. 1 (a), which is a reference example, is combined with a soil concrete floor and a wooden floor set, 15 is a moisture-proof sheet, and 16 is a heat insulating material.
[ 0054 ]
In the wooden house adopting the outer heat insulating structure of the present invention described above, high heat insulation and high airtightness are ensured and the living environment is improved, and in particular, a wooden structure having high durability by preventing damages such as foundations due to white ants. A house is realized.
[ 0055 ]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the outer heat insulation structure of the present invention, a structure for preventing white ants is realized that is excellent in durability and reliability and has no problems such as environmental pollution and damage to the exterior of the building. In addition, by adopting such an external heat insulating structure in a wooden house, a highly durable wooden house with high insulation and high airtightness and countermeasures against white ants is realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a first heat insulation structure according to the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an external heat insulating structure of a reference example.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a white ant preventing member 9 added to the first outer heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the outer heat insulating structure of FIG. 1 (a), which is a reference example, combined with a soil concrete floor and a wooden floor set.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concrete foundation 2 Foamed plastic heat insulating material 3 White ant prevention member 4 Base 5 Pillar 6 Outer wall heat insulating material 7 Thermal bridge prevention tape 9 White ant prevention member 10 Lath net 11 Finishing mortar 12 Drum concrete floor 13 Wooden floor assembly 14 Concrete press 15 Moisture prevention Sheet 16 Insulation

Claims (6)

基礎立ち上がり部及び外壁の外周に発泡プラスチック断熱材を張設した木造家屋の外張り断熱構造であって、
白蟻防止性能を有する部材を、基礎立ち上がり部の外周に設けられた発泡プラスチック断熱材の地上部分の厚み方向の全体にわたって覆うとともに、基礎立ち上がり部の外周面に当接して設けてなることを特徴とする外張り断熱構造。
It is an outer heat insulating structure of a wooden house in which a foamed plastic heat insulating material is stretched around the foundation rising part and the outer wall,
A member having white ant prevention performance is provided over the entire thickness direction of the ground portion of the foamed plastic heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the foundation rising portion, and is provided in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the foundation rising portion. Outer heat insulation structure.
前記白蟻防止性能を有する部材が、銅を含む金属板からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の外張り断熱構造。  The outer insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the member having white ant prevention performance is made of a metal plate containing copper. 更に、白蟻防止性能を有する部材を、基礎立ち上がり部の外周に設けられた前記発泡プラスチック断熱材の少なくとも土中部分の外周面から基礎に当接する底面に連続して設けてなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の外張り断熱構造。 Further, a member having a termite preventing performance, characterized by comprising continuously formed in contact with the bottom surface underlying the outer peripheral surface of at least the soil portion provided on the outer periphery of the basal rising portion and the foamed plastic insulation material The outer heat insulating structure according to claim 1 or 2 . 更に、床を土間コンクリート床としてなる請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の外張り断熱構造。Furthermore, the outer insulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the floor is a soil concrete floor. 更に、床を木造床組となし、床下土壌面をコンクリート押さえとしてなる請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の外張り断熱構造。Further, the outer heat insulating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the floor is a wooden floor set and the soil surface under the floor is used as a concrete presser. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の外張り断熱構造を有する木造家屋。A wooden house having the outer heat insulating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
JP18579098A 1998-07-01 1998-07-01 Outer insulation structure and wooden house Expired - Lifetime JP3648060B2 (en)

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JP2010084358A (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-15 Tma Corp Pty Ltd Termite prevention structure of building and construction method for termite prevention of foundation of building
JP2013234484A (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-21 Afm Japan Kk Termite repelling method in foundation heat insulating method
JP7487490B2 (en) 2020-02-27 2024-05-21 積水ハウス株式会社 Foundation structure and construction method thereof
JP7214285B1 (en) 2022-09-15 2023-01-30 株式会社タナカホーム Outer heat insulation, moisture permeable, and earthquake-resistant structure that prevents heat bridging in wooden buildings

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