JP3644005B2

JP3644005B2 - Non-lubricated sliding bushing device

Info

Publication number: JP3644005B2
Application number: JP27327597A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 良晴白田; 一男堀切川
Original assignee: Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
Current assignee: Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
Priority date: 1997-09-22
Filing date: 1997-09-22
Publication date: 2005-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 2017-09-22
Also published as: JPH1193951A

Description

【０００１】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、各種一般産業機械の要素の一部（スライド部）としてそれらをガイドレ−ル軸上に繰り返し往復摺動せしめるために多用される摺動形ブッシュ装置に関するもので、とりわけ，ガイドレ−ル軸に対するそれらのセットの位置決めを迅速・容易・精確に行い得るとともに、起動及び運転時の摩擦係数が小さく往復摺動の繰り返し動作精度が良好で耐久性にも優れ、無潤滑油下においても安定した摩擦特性が得られる摺動形ブッシュ装置に係るものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の斯かるブッシュ装置としては、例えば、ガイドレ−ル軸に対する装置の摺動部材として銅合金，チタン系合金，マグネシウム系合金等の各種金属の合金を素材として用いたもの、或はボ−ルを介した転がり摺動方式を用いたものが一般に知られている。
【０００３】
しかしこれらの場合には、使用温度，摩擦力の変動，許容接触圧等に対する対応面で多くの問題があり、また潤滑剤（油）を必要とするものが多い等の種々の使用上の制約があり、総じて安定した摺動の実現が困難な状況である。
又，ボ−ルに無理な荷重がかかりガタが生ずる等で、往復摺動の方向転換時に慣性モ−メントによるハンマ−作用が生じたり、重荷重によっては瞬間的に数倍の衝撃荷重が作用して消耗度合いが拡大し、終局的にはガイドレ−ル軸に対する装置の位置決めが良好でなく、繰り返し動作精度の維持も困難となるという問題もある。
更に，従来装置においては素材並びに構造上，滑りや転がり摺動をよくするために油を注いで用いるものが多く、そのための給油装置が必要となる等いきおい製品コストが高価となり構造も複雑となるという欠点も有している。それのみならず、給油のための維持管理並びにメンテナンス費用も増大する等の問題もある。
それに，特に高温や低温のため潤滑油の機能が低下するところや，異物の混入により潤滑油膜が破断されやすいところ，特殊ガス中，真空中，放射線環境等の特殊環境下では、使用ができないか或は著しく制約されるという欠点もある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前記使用している素材や構造上に起因して有している従来装置の種々の難点を解消し、ガイドレール軸に対する装置のセットの位置決めを迅速・容易・精確に行うことができ、起動及び運転時の摩擦係数が小さく往復摺動の繰り返し動作精度が良好で、耐摩耗性，耐久性に優れ、無潤滑油下でも安定した摩擦特性が得られ前記特殊環境下での使用にも充分に耐え得る等使用上好適である無潤滑摺動形ブッシュ装置を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、シャフト状ガイドレール軸の外周面に摩擦体を介して外筒を摺動自在に嵌合し、この外筒の内周面に適宜角度の等間隔を配して複数の嵌合溝を長さ方向に沿って設け、この各嵌合溝内にその底面壁に対し外筒に取り付けたばね座金付きネジを介して保持部材を緊締，その解除自在に係合配設し、各保持部材のガイドレール軸に面する前面側にその外周面と摺動する木質系多孔質炭素材料のウッドセラミックスからなる摩擦体を嵌着するとともに、前記保持部材のばね座金付きネジを介した嵌合溝の底面壁に対する緊締係合が解除されたときに，外筒に取り付けた調節ネジの押圧操作によりその保持部材に嵌着した前記摩擦体のガイドレール軸外周面に対する接触圧力を適度に調節し，且つその調節ネジの先端部を介して摩擦体を嵌着した保持部材を揺動可能に支持せしめるようになしたことを特徴とする。
【０００６】
シャフト状ガイドレール軸の外周面に接触し摺動する摩擦体としては、前記木質系のウッドセラミックスの代わりに、木質系以外の植物の多孔質炭素材料を素材とするその他の植物性セラミックスを用いる場合がある。
【０００７】
前記その他の植物性セラミックスとしては、竹，籾殻，米糠等の木質系以外の植物の多孔質炭素材料でウッドセラミックスと同様の製法で得られるものを用いる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
別紙図面，図１〜図１７を参照して、本発明の具体的実施の形態の一例を説明する。
【０００９】
図１は本発明装置の要部の一実施形態の一部を断面とした側面図（図２のＡ−Ａ断面図）、図２はその正面図、図３は図１のＢ−Ｂ断面図であり、円形（丸）シャフト状のガイドレ−ル軸１と、このガイドレ−ル軸１の外周面に摩擦体２を介して摺動自在に嵌合する外筒３とを具備している。摩擦体２は、木質系多孔質炭素材料を燒成して形成されたウッドセラミックスからなるものを用いている。
【００１０】
外筒3は適宜長さの円筒形で、図3〜図5に示す如く、内周面に、中央部のガイドレール軸１の挿通孔の外面に接続して９０度の等間隔を配して４個のコ字形断面を有する嵌合溝４がその長さ方向全面に沿って穿設されている。各嵌合溝４内には、図１及び図３に示す如く、摩擦体２を嵌着した保持部材５が外筒３に取り付けられたばね座金付きネジ６，６を介して嵌合溝４の底面壁７に対し緊締，その解除自在に係合配設されている。８，８は、このばね座金付きネジ６，６を嵌合する座ぐり付きネジ孔であり、外筒３の外周面から内周面の嵌合溝４の長手方向両端部に接続して設けられている。そして９は外筒３に取り付けられた調節ネジで、前記保持部材５のばね座金付きネジ６，６を介した嵌合溝４の底面壁７に対する緊締係合が解除されたときに，保持部材５の後面中央部を押圧操作してガイドレール軸１に対する摩擦体２の接触圧力を適度に調節するとともに，その先端部を介して保持部材５を揺動可能に支持せしめるものである。１０は、この調節ネジ９を嵌合する座ぐり付きネジ孔であり、外筒３の外周面から内周面の嵌合溝４の長手方向中央部に接続して設けられている。
従って外筒３は、適度な圧力でガイドレール軸１の外周面に四方から挟むように接触する摩擦体２を介してガイドレール軸１の外周面にその長さ方向に沿って矢印方向に往復摺動する。
【００１１】
嵌合溝4内に係合される保持部材５は、図6〜図9に示す如く、ガイドレール軸１に面する前面側に長手方向に沿って適宜長さ適宜深さの溝１１が形成されており、両側端部に一部後端部側にネジ部を刻設していないネジ孔１２，１２が形成されている。
前記溝１１内には、ウッドセラミックスで直方体形に形成された摩擦体２が嵌着されている。ネジ孔１２，１２内には、前記ばね座金付きネジ６，６が嵌合される。図9に示す如く、摩擦体２は保持部材５の前面より僅かにβ寸法だけ前方に突出している。また，保持部材５のガイドレール軸１と反対側後面は、中央部が両側端部より僅かにα寸法だけ後方に突出した山形形状となっており、この中央突出部に前記調節ネジ９の先端部が当接する。
【００１２】
図１０及び図１１は、外筒３の両側端面にネジ止めされる側板１３を示すもので、側板１３は円板中央部にガイドレ−ル軸１の挿通孔１４を有しその周辺部にネジ孔１５を開けたド−ナツ型形状となっている。側板１３は、ネジ孔１５に図２で示すネジ１６を嵌合させて外筒３の両側端面に固定され、それによって、内部に摺動部材である摩擦体２を配設した外筒３における嵌合溝４の両側開放部が閉塞され、この嵌合溝４内に外部から異物が侵入するのが防止される。
【００１３】
ガイドレ−ル軸１の外周面に外筒３を嵌合しセットする場合には、先ず図１２で示すように、ばね座金付きネジ６，６を保持部材５のネジ孔１２，１２のネジ部に緊締して、保持部材５の後面側を嵌合溝４の底面壁７に密着させる。すると、保持部材５に嵌着されている摩擦体２とガイドレ−ル軸１との間には図１２で示すａの間隙が配されるように摩擦体２の厚さに対する嵌合溝４の深さを設定しているので、外筒３の挿通孔にガイドレ−ル軸１をスム−スに挿通させることができる。
次に，ばね座金付きネジ６，６の締め付けを緩めて前記ネジ孔１２，１２のネジ部とのネジ込み嵌合を解除させると保持部材５はばね座金付きネジ６，６に対しフリ−な状態となるので、図１３に示す如く、調節ネジ９を締め付けて保持部材５の後面中央突出部をガイドレ−ル軸１側に押圧操作する。すると、保持部材５は押し出されて嵌合溝４内を前方に向かって移動しガイドレ−ル軸１の外周面に当接するので、調節ネジ９の押し込み操作量を適度に調節することにより、ガイドレ−ル軸１と摩擦体２との接触圧力を適度に調節することができる。
【００１４】
このとき，図１３に示す如く、嵌合溝４の底面壁７と保持部材５との間にはｂの間隙が配されることとなり、ばね座金付きネジ６，６と保持部材５との緊締は解除されてフリ−な状態であり、保持部材５はガイドレ−ル軸１に接触した摩擦体２と反対側の後面中央突出部が調節ネジ９に当接して支持されている状態となっているので、保持部材５は摩擦体２を介して過大な圧力が加わっても前記嵌合溝４の底面壁７に対するｂの間隙の範囲内で揺動乃至傾動することができ、そのためガイドレ−ル軸１に対する外筒３の摺動を無理なく安定して行うことができる。このことは、ガイドレ−ル軸１が相当に長尺で全体的に曲がりや撓みが生じた場合においても同様である。
調節ネジ９は、前記押し込み操作による摩擦体２とガイドレ−ル軸１との接触圧力の調節完了後は、塗料やエナメルにより封印される。
【００１５】
図１５は保持部材５の他の実施形態を示すもので、この場合には、前記の場合と異なり、保持部材５´の後面を中央部が突出する山形形状とせずにフラットにしたものである。この場合においても、ばね座金付きネジ６，６と保持部材５との緊締を解除し調節ネジ９の押し込み操作により嵌合溝４の底面壁７と保持部材５との間にｂの間隙を配することによって、前記の場合と同様に外筒３の摺動の円滑，安定性を保持することができる。
【００１６】
上記の実施形態においては、円形（丸）シャフトをガイドレ−ル軸１として用い、これに対応してその外周面に摩擦体２を介して摺動する外筒３を円筒形となしたものを示したが、これに限らず角シャフトのガイドレ−ル軸，角筒形の外筒を用いるようになしても差し支えない。
また，摩擦体２の接触圧力調節用の調節ネジ９は、保持部材５の後面中央部に対し１個設けるものを示したが、一対のものを設けても良い。
【００１７】
更に，摩擦体２として木質系多孔質炭素材料のウッドセラミックスを用いたものを示したが、使用上必ずしもこれに限定する必要はなく、例えば、竹，籾殻，米糠等の木質系以外の植物の多孔質炭素材料を素材としウッドセラミックスと同様な製法で得られそれと同様な摩擦特性を有するその他の植物性セラミックスを用いる場合もある。
【００１８】
図１６と図１７は、上記の構造に係る本発明装置（図では本開発軸受と称し，無潤滑である）と従来装置（図では従来型軸受と称し，グリ−スを潤滑剤としている）との摩擦特性を比較実験した特性説明図である。
同上の図は、摩擦時の速度や距離に対する摩擦係数の変化を示したものであるが、この図から明らかなように、本発明装置は無潤滑でも、潤滑油を用いた従来装置に比して起動時及び運転時における摩擦係数が小さく安定しており、そのため装置の摺動操作を可及的に少ない動作エネルギ−で軽快且つ安定して行うことができる。
【００１９】
また，摩擦体２として焼成温度８００度Ｃ以上で加熱処理され，フェノ−ル樹脂を含浸させた硬質ガラス状炭素を３０％以上含有させたウッドセラミックスを用いて実験したところ、比摩耗量，摩擦係数ともに極めて小さい状態で安定して軽快な摺動操作を行うことができた。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記の構成となしたので、上述の従来装置の素材及び構造上に起因する諸難点を解消し、以下に示す特有の効果を奏する。
【００２１】
請求項１に係る発明においては、外筒とガイドレ−ル軸との摺動動作を優れた摺動摩擦特性を有する木質系多孔質炭素材料のウッドセラミックスによる摩擦体を介して行うようになしたので、従来の種々の合金を介した摩擦摺動方式や転がり摺動方式に比して、起動時及び運転時における摩擦係数が小さく，耐摩耗性，耐久性，繰り返し動作精度に優れ、高精度な摺動摩擦特性が要求される産業分野での使用に適し、且つ無潤滑油下でも安定した摩擦特性が得られ、従って小さな操作力で軽快に安定した摺動動作を長期に亘って持続することができる摺動形ブッシュ装置を経済的に実現することができる。
また，素材の特性の関係で騒音も少なく，機械的剛性の面でも問題がなく、潤滑油を必要としないためそれによる上述の温度制限や特殊環境下での使用制限という使用上の制約がないとともに、給油設備や給油のための手間，その要員確保の必要もないのでその維持，管理，メンテナンスの手間と費用の大幅な軽減乃至節減を図ることができる。そして，装置の全体構造も簡潔化することができる等使用上好適である。
【００２２】
そして請求項1に係る発明においては、前記ウッドセラミックスの摩擦体が有する優れた摩擦特性を有効に発揮し得るのみならず、その摩擦体を嵌着した保持部材を，外筒の各嵌合溝内にその底面壁に対しばね座金付きネジを介して緊締，その解除自在に係合配設するとともに，その保持部材のばね座金付きネジを介した嵌合溝の底面壁に対する緊締係合が解除されたときに，調節ネジの保持部材に対する押圧操作により摩擦体のガイドレール軸に対する接触圧力を適度に調節し，且つその調節ネジの先端部を介して摩擦体を嵌着した保持部材を揺動可能に支持せしめるようになしたので、ガイドレール軸に対する外筒に搭載する工業用ロボット等のセットの位置決めを迅速，容易，精確に行うことができ、装置に過大な圧力が加わっても摩擦体を嵌着せる保持部材の揺動可能な支持によりガイドレール軸に対し装置の無理なく安定した接触が保持されて往復摺動の繰り返し動作精度が一層良好に得られるとともに耐久性にも優れる。
【００２３】
請求項2に係る発明においては、ウッドセラミックスとほぼ同様の摺動摩擦特性が期待できる竹，籾殻，米糠等のその他の植物性セラミックスを摩擦体として用いたので、請求項１に係る発明と同様の効果を奏する。
【００２４】
なお，上記実施の形態で説明したように、特に８００度Ｃ以上の温度で焼成され，フェノ−ル樹脂を含浸させた硬質ガラス状炭素を３０％以上含有するウッドセラミックスを摩擦体として用いた場合には、比摩耗量，摩擦係数ともに極めて小さく更に優れた摩擦特性を有する摺動形ブッシュ装置を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明装置の要部の一実施形態の一部を断面とした側面図（図２のＡ−Ａ断面図）である。
【図２】同上の正面図である。
【図３】図１のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図４】外筒の正面図である。
【図５】図４のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。
【図６】保持部材の縦断正面図である。
【図７】同上の底面図である。
【図８】同上の側面図である。
【図９】摩擦体を嵌着した保持部材の縦断正面図である。
【図１０】外筒両端に取り付ける側板の正面図である。
【図１１】同上の側面図である。
【図１２】ガイドレ−ル軸に対する外筒の嵌合時の動作説明図である。
【図１３】ガイドレ−ル軸に対する摩擦体の接触圧調整時の動作説明図である。
【図１４】摩擦体の斜視図である。
【図１５】摩擦体を嵌着した他の実施形態の保持部材を示す縦断正面図である。
【図１６】本発明と従来装置との摩擦距離に対する摩擦係数変化の相違を示した摩擦特性の比較実験説明図である。
【図１７】同上の摩擦速度に対する摩擦係数変化の相違を示した摩擦特性の比較実験説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１ガイドレ−ル軸
２ウッドセラミックスからなる摩擦体
３外筒
４嵌合溝
５保持部材
５´ 保持部材
６ばね座金付きネジ
７嵌合溝の底面壁
８座ぐり付きネジ孔
９調節ネジ
１０座ぐり付きネジ孔
１１溝
１２ネジ孔
１３側板
１４ガイドレ−ル軸挿通孔
１５ネジ孔
１６ネジ[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a sliding type bushing device which is frequently used as a part (sliding portion) of various general industrial machine elements for repeatedly reciprocatingly sliding them on a guide rail shaft. Positioning of these sets with respect to the shaft can be performed quickly, easily and accurately, the coefficient of friction during start-up and operation is small, the repetitive sliding accuracy is good, the durability is excellent, and it is stable even under non-lubricating oil The present invention relates to a sliding-type bushing device that can achieve the above friction characteristics.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As such a conventional bushing device, for example, as a sliding member of the device with respect to the guide rail shaft, an alloy of various metals such as a copper alloy, a titanium alloy and a magnesium alloy is used as a material, or a ball. Those using a rolling and sliding method via the knives are generally known.
[0003]
However, in these cases, there are many problems in dealing with the operating temperature, fluctuation of frictional force, allowable contact pressure, etc., and various usage restrictions such as many that require lubricant (oil). In general, it is difficult to achieve stable sliding.
In addition, an excessive load is applied to the ball, causing backlash, etc., causing a hammering action due to inertial moments when changing the direction of reciprocating sliding, and an impact load several times larger depending on the heavy load. As a result, the degree of wear increases, and eventually there is a problem that the positioning of the apparatus with respect to the guide rail shaft is not good, and it is difficult to maintain repeated operation accuracy.
Furthermore, many conventional devices are used by pouring oil in order to improve sliding and rolling sliding due to the material and structure, and the cost of the product is expensive and the structure is complicated, such as the need for an oiling device for that purpose. It also has the disadvantage of. Not only that, there are also problems such as the maintenance and maintenance costs for refueling increase.
In addition, it can be used in special environments such as special gas, vacuum, and radiation environments where the lubricating oil function deteriorates due to high or low temperatures, or where the lubricating oil film is easily broken due to foreign matter. There is also the disadvantage of being significantly constrained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention eliminates the various difficulties of the conventional device due to the materials and structures used, and enables quick, easy, and accurate positioning of the device set with respect to the guide rail shaft. It has a low coefficient of friction during start-up and operation, good reciprocating accuracy in reciprocating sliding, excellent wear resistance and durability, and stable friction characteristics even under non-lubricating oil. It is another object of the present invention to provide a non-lubricated sliding bushing device that is suitable for use, such as being sufficiently durable.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an outer cylinder is slidably fitted to an outer peripheral surface of a shaft-shaped guide rail shaft via a friction body, and an appropriate angle is set on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder. A plurality of fitting grooves are provided along the length direction at intervals, and the holding member is tightened and released freely through each fitting groove via a screw with a spring washer attached to the bottom wall of the fitting groove. A friction body made of wood ceramics made of a wood-based porous carbon material that slides on the outer peripheral surface is fitted on the front side facing the guide rail shaft of each holding member, When the tightening engagement with the bottom wall of the fitting groove via the screw with the spring washer is released, the outer periphery of the guide rail shaft of the friction body fitted on the holding member by pressing the adjusting screw attached to the outer cylinder The contact pressure against the surface is adjusted appropriately, and the adjustment screw A holding member which is fitted a friction body through the tip of the is characterized in that no such allowed to swingably supported.
[0006]
As the friction body that contacts and slides on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft-shaped guide rail shaft, other plant ceramics made of a porous carbon material of a plant other than the wood-based material is used instead of the wood-based wood ceramics. There is a case.
[0007]
As the other plant ceramics, a porous carbon material of a plant other than wood such as bamboo, rice husk, rice bran, etc., which is obtained by the same manufacturing method as wood ceramics is used.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An example of a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings and FIGS.
[0009]
1 is a side view (a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2) of a part of an embodiment of the main part of the present invention device, FIG. 2 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. A guide rail shaft 1 having a circular (round) shaft shape and an outer cylinder 3 slidably fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the guide rail shaft 1 via a friction body 2 are shown. . The friction body 2 is made of wood ceramics formed by forming a wood-based porous carbon material.
[0010]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the outer cylinder 3 is a cylinder having an appropriate length, and is connected to the outer surface of the insertion hole of the guide rail shaft 1 in the center portion at an equal interval of 90 degrees on the inner peripheral surface as shown in FIGS. Thus, four fitting grooves 4 having a U-shaped cross section are formed along the entire length direction. In each fitting groove 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a holding member 5 fitted with a friction body 2 is formed in the fitting groove 4 via spring washer screws 6, 6 attached to the outer cylinder 3. The bottom wall 7 is engaged and disposed so as to be tightened and released freely. 8 and 8 are counterbored screw holes for fitting the screws 6 and 6 with spring washers, and are provided by connecting from the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 3 to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the fitting groove 4 on the inner peripheral surface. It has been. Reference numeral 9 denotes an adjusting screw attached to the outer cylinder 3, and when the tightening engagement with the bottom wall 7 of the fitting groove 4 via the screws 6 and 6 with spring washers of the holding member 5 is released, the holding member The center part of the rear surface of 5 is pressed to adjust the contact pressure of the friction body 2 to the guide rail shaft 1 appropriately, and the holding member 5 is supported to be swingable through the tip part. Reference numeral 10 denotes a counterbore screw hole into which the adjustment screw 9 is fitted, and is provided so as to be connected from the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 3 to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the fitting groove 4 on the inner peripheral surface.
Accordingly, the outer cylinder 3 reciprocates in the direction of the arrow along the length direction of the outer surface of the guide rail shaft 1 via the friction body 2 that is in contact with the outer surface of the guide rail shaft 1 with appropriate pressure. Slide.
[0011]
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the holding member 5 engaged in the fitting groove 4 is formed with a groove 11 having an appropriate length and depth along the longitudinal direction on the front side facing the guide rail shaft 1. The screw holes 12 and 12 are formed in the end portions on both sides, and the screw portions are not engraved on the rear end side.
In the groove 11, a friction body 2 made of wood ceramics and having a rectangular parallelepiped shape is fitted. The screws 6 and 6 with spring washers are fitted into the screw holes 12 and 12, respectively. As shown in FIG. 9, the friction body 2 protrudes slightly forward from the front surface of the holding member 5 by a β dimension. Further, the rear surface of the holding member 5 opposite to the guide rail shaft 1 has a chevron shape in which the central portion protrudes rearward from the both end portions by a dimension α, and the tip of the adjusting screw 9 is formed at the central protruding portion. The parts abut.
[0012]
10 and 11 show a side plate 13 screwed to both end faces of the outer cylinder 3, and the side plate 13 has an insertion hole 14 for the guide rail shaft 1 at the center of the disc and has a screw at the periphery thereof. It has a donut shape with holes 15. The side plate 13 is fixed to both side end surfaces of the outer cylinder 3 by fitting the screws 16 shown in FIG. 2 into the screw holes 15, thereby the inner cylinder 3 in which the friction body 2 as a sliding member is disposed. Opening portions on both sides of the fitting groove 4 are closed, and foreign matter can be prevented from entering the fitting groove 4 from the outside.
[0013]
When the outer cylinder 3 is fitted and set on the outer peripheral surface of the guide rail shaft 1, first, as shown in FIG. 12, the screws 6, 6 with spring washers are screwed in the screw holes 12, 12 of the holding member 5. Then, the rear surface side of the holding member 5 is brought into close contact with the bottom wall 7 of the fitting groove 4. Then, the fitting groove 4 with respect to the thickness of the friction body 2 is arranged so that a gap a shown in FIG. 12 is arranged between the friction body 2 fitted to the holding member 5 and the guide rail shaft 1. Since the depth is set, the guide rail shaft 1 can be smoothly inserted into the insertion hole of the outer cylinder 3.
Next, when the tightening of the screws 6 and 6 with spring washers is loosened to release the screwed fitting with the screw portions of the screw holes 12 and 12, the holding member 5 is free from the screws 6 and 6 with spring washers. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, the adjusting screw 9 is tightened to push the center protrusion of the rear surface of the holding member 5 toward the guide rail shaft 1 side. Then, the holding member 5 is pushed out and moves forward in the fitting groove 4 and comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the guide rail shaft 1, so that the guide lever can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the pushing operation amount. -The contact pressure between the shaft 1 and the friction body 2 can be adjusted appropriately.
[0014]
At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, a gap b is arranged between the bottom wall 7 of the fitting groove 4 and the holding member 5, and the screws 6, 6 with spring washers and the holding member 5 are tightened. Is released, and the holding member 5 is in a state where the rear center projection on the opposite side of the friction body 2 contacting the guide rail shaft 1 is in contact with and supported by the adjusting screw 9. Therefore, even if an excessive pressure is applied via the friction body 2, the holding member 5 can swing or tilt within the range of the gap b with respect to the bottom wall 7 of the fitting groove 4, and therefore, the guide rail. Sliding of the outer cylinder 3 with respect to the shaft 1 can be performed stably without difficulty. This is the same even when the guide rail shaft 1 is considerably long and is bent or bent as a whole.
The adjustment screw 9 is sealed with paint or enamel after the adjustment of the contact pressure between the friction body 2 and the guide rail shaft 1 by the pushing operation is completed.
[0015]
FIG. 15 shows another embodiment of the holding member 5. In this case, unlike the above case, the rear surface of the holding member 5 ′ is made flat instead of the chevron shape in which the central portion protrudes. . Also in this case, the tightening of the screws 6 and 6 with the spring washers and the holding member 5 is released, and the adjustment screw 9 is pressed to place a gap b between the bottom wall 7 of the fitting groove 4 and the holding member 5. By doing so, the smoothness and stability of sliding of the outer cylinder 3 can be maintained as in the case described above.
[0016]
In the above-described embodiment, a circular (round) shaft is used as the guide rail shaft 1 and the outer cylinder 3 that slides on the outer peripheral surface via the friction body 2 corresponding to this is formed into a cylindrical shape. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a guide rail shaft of a rectangular shaft or a rectangular cylindrical outer cylinder may be used.
Further, although one adjusting screw 9 for adjusting the contact pressure of the friction body 2 is provided for the central portion of the rear surface of the holding member 5, a pair of screws may be provided.
[0017]
Furthermore, although the thing using the wood ceramics of the wood type porous carbon material was shown as the friction body 2, it is not necessarily limited to this in use, for example, plants other than woody, such as bamboo, rice husk, rice bran, etc. Other plant ceramics obtained from a porous carbon material as a raw material by the same manufacturing method as wood ceramics and having similar friction characteristics may be used.
[0018]
16 and 17 show the device of the present invention (referred to as a newly developed bearing in the figure, which is non-lubricated) and the conventional device (referred to as a conventional bearing in the drawing, using grease as a lubricant) according to the above structure. It is characteristic explanatory drawing which carried out the comparative experiment of the friction characteristic.
The figure above shows the change in the coefficient of friction with respect to the speed and distance during friction. As is clear from this figure, the device of the present invention is non-lubricated compared to the conventional device using lubricating oil. Therefore, the coefficient of friction at the time of start-up and operation is small and stable, so that the sliding operation of the apparatus can be performed lightly and stably with as little operating energy as possible.
[0019]
In addition, an experiment was conducted using wood ceramics containing 30% or more of hard glassy carbon impregnated with phenolic resin, which was heat-treated at a firing temperature of 800 ° C. or more as the friction body 2. It was possible to perform a stable and light sliding operation with a very small coefficient.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, it solves the problems caused by the materials and structure of the above-described conventional apparatus, and has the following specific effects.
[0021]
In the invention according to the first aspect, the sliding operation between the outer cylinder and the guide rail shaft is performed through a friction body made of wood ceramics of a wood based porous carbon material having excellent sliding friction characteristics. Compared to conventional friction sliding and rolling sliding methods via various alloys, the friction coefficient at start-up and operation is small, wear resistance, durability, repeated operation accuracy, and high accuracy. Suitable for use in industrial fields where sliding friction characteristics are required, and stable friction characteristics can be obtained even under non-lubricating oil. Therefore, light and stable sliding motion can be sustained for a long time with a small operating force. A sliding type bushing device that can be realized can be realized economically.
In addition, there is little noise due to the characteristics of the material, there is no problem in terms of mechanical rigidity, and no lubricating oil is required, so there are no usage restrictions such as the above temperature limitation and usage limitation in special environments. In addition, since there is no need for refueling equipment and refueling, and no need for securing personnel, maintenance, management, maintenance labor and costs can be greatly reduced or saved. In addition, the overall structure of the apparatus can be simplified, which is suitable for use.
[0022]
In the invention according to claim 1, not only can the excellent friction characteristics of the friction body of the wood ceramics be effectively exhibited, but also the holding member fitted with the friction body is provided with each fitting groove of the outer cylinder. The bottom wall is tightened to the bottom wall via a screw with a spring washer and is releasably engaged, and the tightening engagement of the holding groove to the bottom wall of the retaining groove via the spring washer screw is released. When the adjustment screw is pressed, the contact pressure of the friction body on the guide rail shaft is moderately adjusted by pressing the holding member of the adjustment screw, and the holding member fitted with the friction body is swung through the tip of the adjustment screw. Because it is possible to support it, positioning of the set of industrial robots, etc. mounted on the outer cylinder with respect to the guide rail shaft can be performed quickly, easily and accurately, and even if excessive pressure is applied to the device, friction can be achieved. The swingable support of the holding member to which the body is fitted allows the guide rail shaft to be kept in a stable contact with the device without difficulty, so that the reciprocating accuracy of reciprocating sliding can be further improved and the durability is also excellent.
[0023]
In the invention according to claim 2, since other vegetable ceramics such as bamboo, rice husk, rice bran, etc., which can be expected to have almost the same sliding friction characteristics as wood ceramics, are used as the friction body, the same as the invention according to claim 1 There is an effect.
[0024]
In addition, as explained in the above embodiment, when a wood ceramic containing 30% or more of hard glassy carbon that is fired at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher and impregnated with phenol resin is used as a friction body. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a sliding type bushing device that has a very small specific wear amount and a friction coefficient, and that has further excellent friction characteristics.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view (a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2) in which a part of one embodiment of a main part of the device of the present invention is taken as a cross section.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the above.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a front view of an outer cylinder.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal front view of a holding member.
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the same.
FIG. 8 is a side view of the above.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal front view of a holding member fitted with a friction body.
FIG. 10 is a front view of side plates attached to both ends of the outer cylinder.
FIG. 11 is a side view of the above.
FIG. 12 is an operation explanatory diagram when the outer cylinder is fitted to the guide rail shaft.
FIG. 13 is an operation explanatory diagram when adjusting the contact pressure of the friction body with respect to the guide rail shaft.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a friction body.
FIG. 15 is a longitudinal front view showing a holding member according to another embodiment fitted with a friction body.
FIG. 16 is a comparative experiment explanatory diagram of friction characteristics showing a difference in friction coefficient change with respect to a friction distance between the present invention and a conventional apparatus.
FIG. 17 is a comparative experiment explanatory diagram of friction characteristics showing a difference in friction coefficient change with respect to the friction speed.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Guide rail axis | shaft 2 Friction body made of wood ceramics 3 Outer cylinder 4 Fitting groove 5 Holding member 5 'Holding member 6 Screw with spring washer 7 Bottom wall of fitting groove 8 Screw hole with counterbore 9 Adjustment screw 10 Counterbore Screw hole 11 with groove 12 Screw hole 13 Side plate 14 Guide rail shaft insertion hole 15 Screw hole 16 Screw

Claims

シャフト状ガイドレール軸の外周面に摩擦体を介して外筒を摺動自在に嵌合し、この外筒の内周面に適宜角度の等間隔を配して複数の嵌合溝を長さ方向に沿って設け、この各嵌合溝内にその底面壁に対し外筒に取り付けたばね座金付きネジを介して保持部材を緊締，その解除自在に係合配設し、各保持部材のガイドレール軸に面する前面側にその外周面と摺動する木質系多孔質炭素材料のウッドセラミックスからなる摩擦体を嵌着するとともに、前記保持部材のばね座金付きネジを介した嵌合溝の底面壁に対する緊締係合が解除されたときに，外筒に取り付けた調節ネジの押圧操作によりその保持部材に嵌着した前記摩擦体のガイドレール軸外周面に対する接触圧力を適度に調節し，且つその調節ネジの先端部を介して摩擦体を嵌着した保持部材を揺動可能に支持せしめるようになしたことを特徴とする無潤滑摺動形ブッシュ装置。An outer cylinder is slidably fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the shaft-shaped guide rail shaft via a friction body, and a plurality of fitting grooves are provided with an equal angular interval on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder. The holding member is tightened through each fitting groove via a screw with a spring washer attached to the bottom wall of each fitting groove, and the guide rail of each holding member is arranged to be freely releasable. A friction body made of a wood-based porous carbon material that slides on its outer peripheral surface is fitted on the front side facing the shaft, and the bottom wall of the fitting groove through the screw with the spring washer of the holding member When the tightening engagement with the outer cylinder is released, the contact pressure of the friction body fitted on the holding member with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the guide rail shaft is appropriately adjusted and adjusted by pressing the adjusting screw attached to the outer cylinder. Holding the friction body through the tip of the screw Unlubricated Suridogata bushing device being characterized in that none of the wood as allowed to swingably supported.

保持部材に嵌着されガイドレール軸の外周面に沿って摺動する摩擦体として、ウッドセラミックスの代わりに，竹，籾殻，米糠等の木質系以外の植物の多孔質炭素材料を原材料としウッドセラミックスと同様な製法で得られるその他の植物性セラミックスを用いたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の無潤滑摺動形ブッシュ装置。As a friction body that is fitted to the holding member and slides along the outer peripheral surface of the guide rail shaft, instead of wood ceramics, wood ceramics made of non-woody plants such as bamboo, rice husks, and rice bran are used as raw materials. 2. The non-lubricated sliding bush device according to claim 1, wherein other vegetable ceramics obtained by the same production method as described above is used.