JP3627452B2 - Image recording apparatus and image recording method - Google Patents

Image recording apparatus and image recording method Download PDF

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JP3627452B2
JP3627452B2 JP16635897A JP16635897A JP3627452B2 JP 3627452 B2 JP3627452 B2 JP 3627452B2 JP 16635897 A JP16635897 A JP 16635897A JP 16635897 A JP16635897 A JP 16635897A JP 3627452 B2 JP3627452 B2 JP 3627452B2
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image
intermediate transfer
toner
hardness
transfer member
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JPH1115294A (en
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和也 山井
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Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
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Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、中間転写体を用いる画像記録装置および画像記録方法に関し、特に第一の静電潜像の担持体上の静電潜像をトナーで現像し顕在化させ、この顕在化したトナー画像を、第二の静電潜像の担持体である中間転写体に静電的に転写した後、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を被転写材上に転写する間接画像記録装置に用いられる円筒形状を有する中間転写体を用いる画像記録装置および画像記録方法に関し、電子写真記録、静電記録、イオノグラフィ、マグネトグラフィ等に好適なものに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
間接画像記録装置は、第一の像担持体上に形成したトナー画像を中間転写体と称する第二の像担持体上に一次転写し、さらに中間転写体上に形成されたトナー画像を記録用紙等に静電気力を用い二次転写し、その後記録用紙上のトナー画像を定着することによって記録画像を得る装置であるが、該中間転写体を用いた画像記録装置は、カラー画像や多色画像を形成する画像記録装置として有効である。
【0003】
従来の中間転写体を有する間接画像記録装置に関しては、特開昭59−125765、特開平5−303293、特開平5−142955、特開平8−15946、特開平8−160760の例がある。
【0004】
例えば、特開昭59−125765、特開平5−303293に開示された間接画像記録装置は、第一の像担持体上に形成したトナー画像を、支持体上に高分子材料の層を形成した構成を持つ中間転写体に静電転写した後、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録用紙等に押圧して転写と同時に加熱定着する転写同時定着方式の装置である。
【0005】
特開昭59−126765や特開平5−303293に示された転写同時定着方式に用いる中間転写体は、二次転写時に押圧を利用するため、支持体に剛性性が必要とされ、また2次転写に熱を利用することから、中間転写体表面および感光体表面の磨耗が大きくなるとともに、中間転写体と感光体に耐熱性が必要となり、実用上多くの困難がある。
【0006】
この様な方式に対し、第一の像担持体上に形成したトナー画像を中間転写体に静電転写した後に、中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録用紙等に静電転写する、一次転写と二次転写双方とも静電転写により転写する静電転写方式に適用する間接画像記録装置は、中間転写体にかかわる耐熱性の問題がなく広く用いられている。
【0007】
この静電転写方式を用いた間接画像記録装置の例として特開平5−142955、特開平8−15946と特開平8−160760が挙げられる。
特開平5−142955に開示された間接画像記録装置は、ベルト形状の第一の像担持体上に形成したトナー画像を、アルミニウムドラム上にポリカーボネートやテフロンにカーボンブラックなどの導電種を添加した抵抗率10から1011Ωcmの誘電層を形成した剛性の高い中間転写ドラムに静電転写した後に、中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録用紙等に静電転写する静電転写方式である。該間接画像記録装置は、転写効率を向上させるため、ベルト形状の感光体と中間転写ドラムを左右方向に組み合せ、中間転写ドラムとベルト感光体が接した上方と下方の位置に、感光体の内側から感光体と中間転写体の接触点より中間転写ドラム側に各々ロールを配置し、感光体ベルトの張力を利用し、感光体ベルトと中間転写ドラムの密着性を得る構成となっている。
【0008】
該中間転写ドラムは、感光体ベルトのような基材自体が変型可能な部材に対し高剛性の中間転写ドラムを押圧させる場合には有効であるが、アルミウムドラムに光導電性の感光体層を形成した様な剛性の高い第一の像担持体に対して、該中間転写ドラムを押圧する場合への適用については、具体的な施策についての記述がない。
【0009】
静電転写方式による間接画像記録装置において、アルミウムドラムに光導電性の感光体層を形成した様な剛性の高い第一の像担持体に対し適用可能な中間転写体の構成が、特開平8−15946、特開平8−160760に開示されている。
【0010】
特開平8−15946に開示された中間転写体は、絶縁性のポリカーボネート樹脂に導電性カーボンを加えたベルト状の中間転写体であり、該中間転写ベルトの形状と抵抗値は、直径120mm、厚さ350ミクロン、抵抗値10から10Ωcmである。該中間転写ベルトは、剛性の高い円筒形の第一の像担持体に当接し、該当接の裏側より、直径10mmの金属シャフト上にJIS−A硬度が30度以下のポリウレタンなどの高分子導電性発泡スポンジを設けた加圧ロールを押し当てた構成で使用される。
【0011】
しかし、中間転写ベルトを用いた画像形成装置では、画像露光装置や現像装置および定着装置の配置設計が容易であるが、多色画像成分を高精度に重ね合わせるためのベルト位置制御のため付帯装置を配置したり、ベルト端部を補強する必要があった。また、該加圧ロールの高分子導電性発泡スポンジは、その抵抗値や硬度を安定して製造することが困難であった。
【0012】
一方、ドラム形状を有する中間転写体では、ドラムの回転軸を中心として円筒形状が保持され回転するため、前記のような位置制御やベルトの補強の必要がなく、装置を小型化できるという利点を有する。
【0013】
円筒形状の剛性の高い第一の像担持体にドラム形状の中間転写体を適用した従来例として、特開平8−160760がある。
特開平8−160760に開示された中間転写ドラムは、肉厚5mmのアルミニウムからなる円筒形状を持つ支持体に、ウレタンゴムなどのJIS−A硬度が10度から70度の厚さ0.5mm以上、実施例では5mmの導電性を有する弾性層、およびマイクロゴム硬度計によるゴム硬度が10度から75度の厚さ3mm以下のアクリル変性ポリウレタンなどの材料からなる被覆層を形成してなる導電性高分子複合材料による弾性層と導電性高分子複合材料による被覆層からなる多層構成となっている。
【0014】
以上のように、高剛性の円筒形状を有する第一の静電潜像の担持体上の静電潜像をトナーで現像し顕在化させ、この顕在化したトナー画像を、第二の静電潜像の担持体である中間転写体に静電的に転写した後、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を被転写材上に静電転写する間接画像記録装置に用いられる円筒形状を有する該中間転写体は、高分子導電性弾性層を有した構造とするのが一般的である。
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らの検討によれば、高分子導電性弾性層を有する中間転写体を前記間接画像記録装置に用いると、中間転写体と感光体との当接ムラによる部分的な転写ムラの改善、感光体や記録部材との接触面積を増加させ転写領域を広げることには有効である。
【0016】
しかし、中間転写体の表面近傍の局所的な変形が導電性弾性層に伝達されるため、文字や線画像の中央部が転写不良を起こす局部的な画像欠陥に対しては、それを十分に防止できない。特に、この現象はトナー粒子が複数個重ね合わされる高画質のカラー画像を形成する間接型画像記録装置において顕著である。
【0017】
本発明は上記のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その主たる目的は、中間転写体の表面近傍の局所的な変形等に起因する転写不良を防止して高画質カラー画像記録装置に用いる画像欠陥のない中間転写体を用いる画像記録装置および画像記録方法を提供することにある。
【0018】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明に係る画像記録装置は、円筒形の第一の像担持体上にトナー画像を形成し、該第一の像担持体上の該トナー画像をドラム形状からなる第二の像担持体である中間転写体に静電転写し、さらに該中間転写体上の該トナー画像を被転写材に転写する転写装置を有する画像記録装置において、前記中間転写体が、円筒形状の支持体上に、少なくとも表面層が形成され、該表面層の超微小表面硬度と前記トナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1以下で、かつ、JIS−A硬度が70度以上であることを特微とする画像記録装置である。
また、上記課題を解決するための本発明に係る画像記録装置は、円筒形の第一の像担持体上にトナー画像を形成し、該第一の像担持体上の該トナー画像をドラム形状からなる第二の像担持体である中間転写体に静電転写し、さらに該中間転写体上の該トナー画像を被転写材に転写する画像記録方法において、前記中間転写体が、円筒支持体上に、少なくとも表面層が形成され、該表面層の超微小表面硬度と前記トナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1以下で、かつ、JIS−A硬度が70度以上であることを特微とする画像記録方法である。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1に示したカラー画像記録装置の概略図を基に本発明について説明する。第一の像担持体として、アルミニウムパイプ上に光感体材料を塗布して形成した電子写真感光体101の表面を、帯電器102により均一に帯電させ、次に104aの書き込み装置から画像情報に応じた第一の走査露光104bにより、電子写真感光体101の表面に静電潜像を形成する。この第一の静電潜像は画像形成手段である現像器105の第一の静電潜像の色情報に対応する現像器105aにより現像・可視化される。
【0020】
この可視化されたトナー像は、第一の像担持体としての電子写真感光体101と第二の像担持体である中間転写ドラム110との接触した転写領域において、第一の像担持体としての電子写真感光体101から第二の像担持体である中間転写ドラム110の表面に、図示しない電源から中間転写ドラム110と電子写真感光体101に電圧を印加することにより転写され、電子写真感光体101の表面に残ったトナーはクリーニング装置103により除去される。
【0021】
上記工程を複数回繰り返し、都度、画像情報に応じた色の異なる現像剤を有する現像器105b,105c,105dにより現像・可視化され、電子写真感光体101の表面から中間転写ドラム110に順次に転写・積層させ、複数のトナー画像を中間転写ドラム110の表面に形成させる。
【0022】
中間転写ドラム110の表面に積層形成されたカラートナー画像は、中間転写ドラム110と転写帯電器106の間に位置した記録材111との接触領域で中間転写ドラム110と転写帯電器106に印加された電圧により、中間転写ドラム110の表面から記録材111の表面に一括して転写され、さらに、記録材111は剥離用帯電器107の作用により、中間転写ドラム110からトナー画像とともに剥離される。剥離用帯電器107にかわり金属シャフトに10Ω程度の抵抗値を有した弾性体より構成される転写ロールを用いてもよい。
記録材表面に一括して転写されたトナー画像は、図示しない定着装置まで搬送され定着装置により定着される。
【0023】
次に、本発明における中間転写ドラムについて、図2に示した概略構成図を基に説明する。
本発明において使用される支持体201は、円筒形状のアルミニウム素管を機械加工により仕上げたドラムや、ステンレス板を円筒形状に作製し、これらのつなぎの面をレーザー加工により溶接したシームレスパイプを例として挙げることができる。
【0024】
これらのドラムやパイプは、高分子弾性体の加工精度に比べ、外径公差、外径フレ精度を既存の加工方法により容易に高い精度で得られることは周知である。
例えば、外径50mmのアルミニウム素管を旋盤加工により粗加工した後、円筒研削盤により微細加工をすると、外径公差±0.01mm、外径フレ公差0.01mm以下の寸法精度を容易に得られる。この精度は先述したシリコン弾性ドラムと比較し十分の一以下である。金属支持体は、旋盤加工、研磨加工などの機械加工および引き抜き加工、絞り加工などの賦形加工により、高い寸法精度が得られる材料であれば、その材質や加工方法に制限を受けるものではない。
【0025】
次に、中間転写ドラム110における表面層203について説明する。
トナー画像の中央部が転写不良となる中抜け現象の詳細な発生原因については不明であるが、中間転写体の硬度、特に表面近傍硬度が影響することが分かった。
【0026】
そこで本発明においては、中間転写体110の表面層203の超微小表面硬度を、島津製作所製ダイナミック超微小硬度計[DUH 201]を用い、三角錐圧子、変位フルスケール10ミクロン、試験荷重0.25gf、負荷速度0.0145gf/sec、保持時間5秒の条件で測定した値で規定した。
【0027】
本発明において、トナー粒子の形状および粒径は画質に大きな影響を与え、粒径が大きくなるほど画像は粗くなる。平均粒径が20μm程度のトナーでも実用上の問題はないが、細線の解像力を高くするためには、平均粒径が10μm以下のトナーを用いるのが望ましい。しかしながら、トナー径が小さくなるとトナーとキャリアの間に作用する物理的付着力が支配的となり現像性が低下し、トナーの凝集も起こりやすく取扱いの問題が生じるため、トナーとキャリアおよびトナーとトナーの接触面積を低減するためトナー形状は球形が望ましい。このような観点から本発明で用いるトナーは、形状が球形であり、平均粒径5μm以上、10μm以下のものが望ましい。
【0028】
また、トナー粒子の超微小表面硬度は、トナー粒子をOHPシートに層状に堆積し、加熱・加圧して20μm程度の厚さとした後、この層を前記表面層と同様な測定方法によって測定した値で規定した。
【0029】
これらの超微小表面硬度と中抜け現象との関連を検討した結果、表面層がトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度より小さい値であり、さらに表面層の変形応力の逃げを防止するため中間転写体の硬度をJIS−A硬度で70度以上とすることにより、好ましくは、JIS−A硬度で100度以上とすることにより、中間転写体表面が局所的な変形に対応可能となり、中抜け現象が生じないことが分かった。
【0030】
該表面層材料の例としては、高分子材料にカーボンブラックなどの導電性材料を添加したチューブ、高分子材料にカーボンブラックなどの導電性材料を溶解させた塗料が挙げられる。チューブ材料としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アイオノマー、エチレンエチルアクリレートなどのオレフィン系材料および4フッ素エチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデンなどのフッ素系ポリマーなどを挙げることができる。塗料材料としては、導電性フッ素系材料の外に、ウレタン樹脂、ナイロン樹脂などが挙げられる。これらに添加する導電性材料は、前記したカーボンブラック、金属粉を用いることができる。
【0031】
ところで、空気中の物体の表面には多かれ少なかれ大気中の水蒸気が吸着しているが、この吸着水の量は、疎水化処理された低表面エネルギー面においては少ないことが知られている。一方、吸着水は転写時に液架橋力として作用するので、吸着水は少ない方が転写効率は向上する。したがって、撥水性の高いフッ素系材料は、転写時に作用する液架橋力を低減させ、転写効率を向上することに寄与する点から、表面層を構成する材料として特に好ましいものである。また、特に望ましい材料は、フッ素ゴム材料にフッ素樹脂系微粒子を添加した材料を例として挙げることができる。
【0032】
以上のように、JIS−A硬度が70度以上で、高い加工精度を容易に得ることができる剛体ドラム上に、超微小表面硬度がトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度より低い表面層を設けた構成とすることにより、該中間転写体と感光体の長手方向の接触ムラによる転写不良が生じず、また従来の導電性弾性層により生じた電位降下がないため転写領域近傍に低い印加電圧で有効な転写電界を発生させることができ、転写領域が狭くても高い転写効率を実現する中抜け画像のない、耐久性のある中間転写ドラムを容易に得ることができる。
【0033】
なお、中間転写体の金属性支持体201と表面層203との間には中間層202を設けることができる。中間層202は低硬度〜中硬度のシリコーンゴム、ウレタンゴム等で形成し、この中間層202を介して中間転写体のJIS−A硬度を調整することができる。
【0034】
次に、上記の中間転写体を用いてさらに転写効率を改善する方法について説明する。
感光体や中間転写体のトナー粒子担持体に形成されたトナー粒子は静電的な力のみでなくファンデルワールス力などの非静電気的な力により、感光体などに付着している。このため、転写効率を改善するには、静電的吸引力すなわち転写電界をトナー粒子に作用させる際、トナー粒子担持体とトナー粒子間の非静電気的な力を弱める必要がある。
【0035】
感光体や中間転写体の表面層の表面に微粒子を付与することにより、トナー粒子担持体とトナー粒子間に空隙が存在する状態、または、トナー粒子とトナー担持体との接触面積が小さい状態とすることができ、上記非静電的な力を減少させることができる。従って、転写時にトナー粒子に電界が作用するとトナー粒子は、容易に記録部材転移し転写効率の改善がなされる。
【0036】
微粒子の平均粒子径は、1nm以下であるとトナー粒子担持体とトナー粒子間に空隙が小さく非静電気的な力を低減する効果がなく、平均粒子径が500nm以上であると空隙が大きくなりトナー粒子担持体への静電付着力が小さいためトナー粒子を保持できない。このため、微粒子の平均粒子径は、1nm以上500nm以下が望ましい。
【0037】
微粒子の材料としては、シリカ、酸化チタン、アルミナ、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸カルシウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ジルコニウム、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化クロム、ベンガラ等の無機微粉末や、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等の有機微粉末を用いることができる。
【0038】
環境安定性を考慮するとこれら微粒子は吸湿性が少ないことが望ましく、酸化チタン、アルミナ、シリカ等の吸湿性を有する無機微粉末の場合は、疎水化処理を施したものが用いられる。これら無機微粉末の疎水化処理は、ヘキサメチルジシラザンの他に、例えば、ジメチルジクロロシラン、デシルシラン、ジアルキルジハロゲン化シラン、トリアルキルハロゲン化シラン、アルキルトリハロゲン化シラン等のシランカップリング剤やジメチルシリコンオイル等の疎水化処理剤と上記微粉末とを高温度下で反応させて行うことができる。
【0039】
疎水化処理した微粒子を感光体や中間転写ドラムに付与することにより、感光体や中間転写ドラムに残留したトナーにより生じるゴーストと称される画像欠陥を回避することが可能となる。このため、感光体のクリーニングブレードによる損傷がなくなり、これらの寿命が長くなる。
【0040】
ゴーストを回避するための転写効率は95%以上であること、およびこの転写効率を得るための微粒子の塗布量は、10%以上50%以下、望ましくは20%から30%がよいことが実験より明らかになった。過剰な微粒子を塗布すると塗布部材の表面抵抗が変化し、転写不良などが生じた。
微粒子の塗布量は、微粒子を付与した媒体の単位面積当たりに占める微粒子の投影面積で示す。投影面積は走査型電子顕微鏡により得た微粒子を付与した媒体写真を画像処理装置[(株)ニレコ製:ルーゼックス−]により測定したものである。
【0041】
なお、上記した実施の形態においては、本発明の中間転写体を用いて画像記録する際、円筒形の第一の像担持体上にトナー画像を形成し、該第一の像担持体上の該トナー画像をドラム形状からなる第二の像担持体である中間転写体に静電転写し、さらに該中間転写体上の該トナー画像を被転写材に静電転写する例を示した。この態様の場合、中間転写体に対して、剛性、耐熱性、耐摩耗性等の特性が高度に要求されないので好適である。
しかし、本発明の画像記録装置および画像記録方法は、中間転写体上のトナー像を被転写材に転写する場合、静電転写する態様の他に、加熱・加圧して転写する態様の場合も包含され、この場合にも本発明の中間転写体の特性から中抜け画像によるの転写不良を防止することができる。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下、実施例につき説明する。
実施例1
長さ310mm、直径90mmのアルミニウムドラム素管の両端近傍を旋盤加工し、この加工部分に回転軸を有するフランジを圧入する。さらに、フランジの回転軸を基準とし、アルミニウムドラム素管の表面を旋盤加工と研磨加工により外径公差±0.01mm以下、外径フレ精度0.01mm以下に仕上げたものを支持体とする。
【0043】
次に、アルミニウムドラム上にフッ素ゴムにフッ素樹脂系微粒子を添加したラテックスをスプレー塗布し、室温に10分放置し、ついで50℃の雰囲気で30分予備乾燥した後、300℃で30分硬化し厚さ20ミクロンの表面層を形成した中間転写体を得た。この中間転写体の表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比は0.25、JIS−A硬度は100度、抵抗値は1013Ωcmであった。中間転写体の抵抗値は、その表面にJIS K6911に規定されたリング電極の大きさに切り取った導電性テープを貼り、印加電圧100Vで測定した。
【0044】
実施例2
前記アルミニウムドラムに、トルエンとイソプロピルアルコールおよび酢酸エチルを重量比で6:3:1に混ぜた溶媒にナイロン樹脂を溶解し、ナイロン樹脂1に対しファーネス系カーボンブラックを1の重量割合で混合した導電性塗料を、ディッピング塗布法により、3回重ね塗りをし、厚さ35ミクロンの表面層を形成し、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1.0、JIS−A硬度は100度、抵抗値は1013Ωcmの中間転写体を得た。
【0045】
比較例1
前記アルミニウムドラムに、液状ポリイミド樹脂にファーネス系のカーボンブラックを添加した液状混合物を回転成型することにより得た厚さ80ミクロンの円筒形の導電性チューブをアルミドラム上に挿入・接着し、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が6.13、JIS−A硬度は100度、抵抗値は1013Ωcmの中間転写体を得た。
【0046】
実施例3,4および比較例2
次に、アルミニウムドラムに、シリコーンゴムにカーボンブラックを添加し導電性(体積抵抗率10Ωcm)とした中硬度の中間層を形成し、この中間層の上に、実施例1,実施例2および比較例1に述べた表面層を形成し、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が0.25、JIS−A硬度は70度、抵抗値は1013Ωcm[実施例3]、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1.0、JIS−A硬度は70度、抵抗値は1013Ωcm[実施例4]、および、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が6.13、JIS−A硬度は70度、抵抗値は1013Ωcmの中間転写体を得た[比較例2]。
【0047】
比較例3〜比較例5
さらにまた、アルミニウムドラムに、シリコーンゴムにカーボンブラックを添加し導電性(体積抵抗率10Ωcm)とした低硬度の中間層を形成し、この中間層の上に、実施例1,実施例2および比較例1に述べた表面層を形成し、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が0.25、JIS−A硬度は60度、抵抗値は1013Ωcm[比較例3]、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1.0、JIS−A硬度は60度、抵抗値は1013Ωcm[比較例4]、および、表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が6.13、JIA−A硬度は60度、抵抗値は1013Ωcmの中間転写体を得た[比較例4]。
【0048】
実施例5
微粒子を塗布した本発明による中間転写ドラムを用いた場合の実施例について説明する。長さ310mm、直径90mm、外径公差±0.01mm、外径フレ精度0.01mmの金属ドラムに、体積抵抗率10Ωcmのウレタン塗料をディッピング塗布法により、厚さ20ミクロンの中間層を形成した。
次に、トルエンとイソプロピルアルコールおよび酢酸エチルを6:3:1に混ぜた溶媒にナイロン樹脂を溶解し、ナイロン樹脂1重量部に対しファーネス系カーボンブラックを重量部1の重量割合で混合した導電性塗料を、ディッピング塗布法により、3回重ね塗りをし、厚さ35ミクロンの表面層を形成した。
【0049】
さらにヘキサメチルジシラザンを用い疎水化処理した平均粒子径12nmのシリカを導電性金属薄膜支持体ドラムの表面に塗布することにより中間転写ドラムを作製した。この中間転写体の表面層とトナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比は1、JIS−A硬度は100度以上、抵抗値は1013Ωcmであった。
【0050】
実施例1〜実施例5および比較例1〜比較例5に示した中間転写ドラムの転写特性(中抜け現象と転写率)を、平均粒径5μm以上、10μm以下、超微小硬度8の球形トナーを用いて評価した。
【0051】
感光体から転写電流38μAで中間転写ドラムにトナー画像を一次転写し、さらに、中間転写ドラム上の転写画像を紙に二次転写した。
二次転写は、中間転写ドラムと紙の後ろに配置した導電性バックアップロールとの接触圧は、導電性バックアップロールの両端にスプリング機構を用い各々100g、ドラム周速:69mm/sec、転写電圧:400V、600V、800Vの条件とした。
評価環境条件は、温度10℃、湿度30%と温度28℃・湿度85%であり、あらかじめ劣化させた現像剤と、新しく調合した現像剤を用い複写画像を得た。その結果を表1に示した。
<評価方法>
中抜け現象
◎:中抜け全く無し、○:中抜け殆ど無し、×:中抜け多し
初期転写率
◎:初期転写率が95%以上
○:初期転写率が80%以上95%未満
×:初期転写率が80%未満
【0052】
【表1】

Figure 0003627452
【0053】
本発明による中間転写ドラムを用いた場合は、転写電圧・電流、トナーの劣化、環境などの転写要因が変動した場合にも、中抜け画像は生じず、転写率も実用上問題ない値であった。特に微粒子を付与した実施例5では初期転写効率は97%となった。
しかし、比較例5に示した中間転写体を用いた場合は、中抜け画像が生じ、その初期転写効率は83%であった。
初期転写効率とは、コピー枚数を1000枚連続通紙したあとの、転写材上のトナー重量に対する被転写材上に転写されたトナー重量の比である。
さらに、温度28℃・湿度85%の環境下に一週間放置した後、再度100枚コピーをとり、中間転写体特性および画質を評価したところ、実施例5では転写効率は維持されており、中抜け画質などの欠陥も見られなかった。
しかし、比較例5では、抵抗値、特に表面抵抗が初期抵抗値に比べ2ケタ低下しており、数%転写効率が低下し、中抜け画像に加え、トナーの飛び散り現象(ブラー)も生じた。また、中間転写体が感光体と接触した位置に圧縮永久歪みの悪さに起因する段差によるとみられるスジムラが画像に生じた。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る中間転写ドラムは圧縮永久歪みなどの耐久性に優れ、転写率が著しく向上した。また、この中間転写ドラムを用いた画像記録装置および画像記録方法によれば、転写ムラのない高画質画像を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の中間転写体を備えた画像形成装置の好ましい一実施の形態を示す概略的構成図である。
【図2】本発明の中間転写体の好ましい一実施の形態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
101 感光体、
102 帯電器
103 クリーニング装置
104a,104b 書き込み装置と書き込み画像の走査露光
105a〜105d 現像器
106 転写帯電器
107 剥離用帯電器
108 除電ランプ
109 ペーパーガイド
110 中間転写ドラム
111 記録材料
201 金属支持体
202 中間層
203 表面層
204 フランジ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present inventionIs insideThe present invention relates to an image recording apparatus and an image recording method using an intermediary transfer body, and in particular, develops an electrostatic latent image on a first electrostatic latent image carrier with toner to reveal the toner image, A cylindrical shape used in an indirect image recording apparatus for transferring a toner image on an intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material after electrostatic transfer to the intermediate transfer member, which is a carrier for the electrostatic latent image ofHavingThe present invention relates to an image recording apparatus and an image recording method using an intermediary transfer member, and more particularly to an apparatus suitable for electrophotographic recording, electrostatic recording, ionography, magnetography, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The indirect image recording apparatus primarily transfers a toner image formed on a first image carrier onto a second image carrier called an intermediate transfer member, and further transfers the toner image formed on the intermediate transfer member to a recording sheet. Is a device that obtains a recorded image by performing secondary transfer using electrostatic force and then fixing the toner image on the recording paper. However, an image recording device using the intermediate transfer member is a color image or a multicolor image. It is effective as an image recording apparatus for forming the image.
[0003]
Examples of the indirect image recording apparatus having a conventional intermediate transfer member include JP-A-59-125765, JP-A-5-303293, JP-A-5-142955, JP-A-8-15946, and JP-A-8-160760.
[0004]
For example, in an indirect image recording apparatus disclosed in JP-A-59-125765 and JP-A-5-303293, a toner image formed on a first image carrier is formed and a layer of a polymer material is formed on a support. This is an apparatus of a simultaneous transfer fixing system in which after electrostatic transfer to an intermediate transfer member having a configuration, a toner image on the intermediate transfer member is pressed against a recording sheet or the like and heated and fixed simultaneously with transfer.
[0005]
The intermediate transfer member used in the simultaneous transfer and fixing method disclosed in JP-A-59-126765 and JP-A-5-303293 uses pressure at the time of secondary transfer. Since heat is used for transfer, wear on the surface of the intermediate transfer member and the surface of the photosensitive member is increased, and heat resistance is required for the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member, which causes many practical difficulties.
[0006]
In contrast to such a system, primary transfer in which the toner image formed on the first image carrier is electrostatically transferred to the intermediate transfer member, and then the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is electrostatically transferred to a recording sheet or the like. An indirect image recording apparatus applied to an electrostatic transfer method in which both secondary transfers are transferred by electrostatic transfer is widely used without the problem of heat resistance related to the intermediate transfer member.
[0007]
Examples of the indirect image recording apparatus using this electrostatic transfer system include Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 5-142955, 8-15946, and 8-160760.
JP-A-5-142955 discloses an indirect image recording apparatus in which a toner image formed on a belt-shaped first image carrier is formed by adding a conductive species such as carbon black to polycarbonate or Teflon on an aluminum drum. Rate 107To 1011This is an electrostatic transfer system in which a toner image on an intermediate transfer member is electrostatically transferred to a recording sheet or the like after electrostatic transfer to a rigid intermediate transfer drum having a dielectric layer of Ωcm formed thereon. In order to improve transfer efficiency, the indirect image recording apparatus combines a belt-shaped photoconductor and an intermediate transfer drum in the left-right direction, and the inner side of the photoconductor is positioned above and below the contact between the intermediate transfer drum and the belt photoconductor. From the contact point between the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer member, rolls are arranged on the intermediate transfer drum side, and the tension of the photosensitive belt is used to obtain adhesion between the photosensitive member belt and the intermediate transfer drum.
[0008]
The intermediate transfer drum is effective when a high-rigidity intermediate transfer drum is pressed against a member such as a photoreceptor belt that can change the base material itself, but a photoconductive photoreceptor layer is formed on an aluminum drum. There is no description of specific measures for application to the case where the intermediate transfer drum is pressed against the first image carrier having high rigidity as formed.
[0009]
In an indirect image recording apparatus using an electrostatic transfer system, a structure of an intermediate transfer member that can be applied to a first rigid image carrier having a photoconductive photosensitive layer formed on an aluminum drum is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 8 (1998). -15946 and JP-A-8-160760.
[0010]
The intermediate transfer member disclosed in JP-A-8-15946 is a belt-like intermediate transfer member obtained by adding conductive carbon to an insulating polycarbonate resin, and the shape and resistance value of the intermediate transfer belt are 120 mm in diameter and thickness. 350 microns, resistance value 107To 108Ωcm. The intermediate transfer belt is in contact with a highly rigid cylindrical first image carrier, and a polymer conductive material such as polyurethane having a JIS-A hardness of 30 degrees or less on a metal shaft having a diameter of 10 mm from the back side of the contact. It is used in a configuration in which a pressure roll provided with a conductive foam sponge is pressed.
[0011]
However, in the image forming apparatus using the intermediate transfer belt, the arrangement design of the image exposure device, the developing device, and the fixing device is easy, but the auxiliary device is used for belt position control for superimposing multicolor image components with high accuracy. It was necessary to reinforce the belt end. In addition, it is difficult to stably produce the polymer conductive foam sponge of the pressure roll with its resistance value and hardness.
[0012]
On the other hand, an intermediate transfer member having a drum shape has a cylindrical shape held around the drum and rotates, so that there is no need for position control and belt reinforcement as described above, and the apparatus can be downsized. Have.
[0013]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-160760 is a conventional example in which a drum-shaped intermediate transfer member is applied to a cylindrical, first rigid image bearing member.
The intermediate transfer drum disclosed in JP-A-8-160760 has a cylindrical support made of aluminum having a thickness of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm or more such as urethane rubber having a JIS-A hardness of 10 degrees to 70 degrees. In this embodiment, the conductive layer is formed by forming an elastic layer having conductivity of 5 mm and a coating layer made of a material such as acrylic-modified polyurethane having a rubber hardness of 10 to 75 degrees and a thickness of 3 mm or less as measured by a micro rubber hardness tester. It has a multilayer structure composed of an elastic layer made of a polymer composite material and a coating layer made of a conductive polymer composite material.
[0014]
As described above, the electrostatic latent image on the carrier of the first electrostatic latent image having a highly rigid cylindrical shape is developed with toner, and is visualized. The intermediate having a cylindrical shape used in an indirect image recording apparatus that electrostatically transfers a toner image on the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material after electrostatic transfer to the intermediate transfer member which is a latent image carrier. Generally, the transfer body has a structure having a polymer conductive elastic layer.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the studies by the present inventors, when an intermediate transfer member having a polymer conductive elastic layer is used in the indirect image recording apparatus, partial transfer unevenness is improved due to contact unevenness between the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member. It is effective to increase the contact area with the photosensitive member and the recording member and widen the transfer region.
[0016]
However, since local deformation near the surface of the intermediate transfer member is transmitted to the conductive elastic layer, it is sufficient for local image defects that cause poor transfer at the center of characters and line images. It cannot be prevented. This phenomenon is particularly remarkable in an indirect image recording apparatus that forms a high-quality color image in which a plurality of toner particles are superimposed.
[0017]
The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and its main purpose is to prevent a transfer failure due to local deformation or the like in the vicinity of the surface of the intermediate transfer member and to provide a high-quality color image recording apparatus. Intermediate transfer without image defects usedBodyAn object is to provide an image recording apparatus and an image recording method to be used.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention for solving the above problemsAn image recording apparatus forms a toner image on a cylindrical first image carrier, and transfers the toner image on the first image carrier to a drum-shaped second image carrier. In the image recording apparatus having a transfer device that electrostatically transfers the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member has at least a surface layer on a cylindrical support. An image recording apparatus characterized in that the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 1 or less and the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees or more. It is.
In addition, an image recording apparatus according to the present invention for solving the above-described problems forms a toner image on a cylindrical first image carrier, and the toner image on the first image carrier is drum-shaped. In an image recording method for electrostatic transfer to an intermediate transfer member, which is a second image bearing member, and further transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member is a cylindrical support. And at least a surface layer is formed, the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 1 or less, and the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees or more. This is a special image recording method.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described based on the schematic diagram of the color image recording apparatus shown in FIG. As a first image carrier, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 formed by applying a photosensitive material on an aluminum pipe is uniformly charged by the charger 102, and then the image information is transferred from the writing device 104a to the image information. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 by the corresponding first scanning exposure 104b. This first electrostatic latent image is developed and visualized by a developing device 105a corresponding to the color information of the first electrostatic latent image of the developing device 105 which is an image forming means.
[0020]
This visualized toner image is used as the first image carrier in the transfer region where the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 as the first image carrier and the intermediate transfer drum 110 as the second image carrier are in contact with each other. The image is transferred from the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 to the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 110 as the second image carrier by applying a voltage to the intermediate transfer drum 110 and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 from a power source (not shown). The toner remaining on the surface of 101 is removed by the cleaning device 103.
[0021]
The above process is repeated a plurality of times, and is developed and visualized by the developing devices 105b, 105c, and 105d having different color developers corresponding to the image information, and sequentially transferred from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 101 to the intermediate transfer drum 110. Laminating and forming a plurality of toner images on the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 110.
[0022]
The color toner image formed on the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 110 is applied to the intermediate transfer drum 110 and the transfer charger 106 in a contact area between the intermediate transfer drum 110 and the recording material 111 positioned between the transfer charger 106. The recording material 111 is collectively transferred from the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 110 to the surface of the recording material 111 by the applied voltage, and the recording material 111 is peeled off from the intermediate transfer drum 110 together with the toner image by the action of the peeling charger 107. 10 instead of the peeling charger 1078A transfer roll composed of an elastic body having a resistance value of about Ω may be used.
The toner images transferred to the surface of the recording material at a time are conveyed to a fixing device (not shown) and fixed by the fixing device.
[0023]
Next, the present inventionInThe intermediate transfer drum will be described based on the schematic configuration diagram shown in FIG.
The support 201 used in the present invention is, for example, a drum obtained by machining a cylindrical aluminum base tube by machining, or a seamless pipe in which a stainless steel plate is produced in a cylindrical shape and the connecting surfaces are welded by laser processing. Can be mentioned.
[0024]
It is well known that these drums and pipes can easily obtain the outer diameter tolerance and the outer diameter flare accuracy with high accuracy by the existing processing method as compared with the processing accuracy of the polymer elastic body.
For example, when roughing an aluminum base tube with an outer diameter of 50 mm by lathe processing and then finely processing it with a cylindrical grinder, dimensional accuracy with an outer diameter tolerance of ± 0.01 mm and an outer diameter tolerance of 0.01 mm or less can be easily obtained. It is done. This accuracy is 1/10 or less compared with the silicon elastic drum described above. The metal support is not limited by the material and processing method as long as it can obtain high dimensional accuracy by machining such as lathe processing and polishing, and by forming processing such as drawing and drawing. .
[0025]
Next, the surface layer 203 in the intermediate transfer drum 110 will be described.
Although the detailed cause of the hollowing out phenomenon in which the central portion of the toner image is defective in transfer is unknown, it has been found that the hardness of the intermediate transfer member, particularly the hardness near the surface, has an effect.
[0026]
Therefore, in the present invention, the ultra-small surface hardness of the surface layer 203 of the intermediate transfer member 110 is measured using a dynamic ultra-micro hardness meter [DUH 201] manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, a triangular pyramid indenter, a displacement full scale of 10 microns, and a test load. It was defined by a value measured under the conditions of 0.25 gf, a load speed of 0.0145 gf / sec, and a holding time of 5 seconds.
[0027]
In the present invention, the shape and particle size of the toner particles have a great influence on the image quality, and the larger the particle size, the rougher the image. Even if the toner has an average particle diameter of about 20 μm, there is no practical problem, but in order to increase the resolution of fine lines, it is desirable to use a toner having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. However, when the toner diameter is reduced, the physical adhesive force acting between the toner and the carrier becomes dominant and the developability is lowered, and the toner is likely to agglomerate. In order to reduce the contact area, the toner shape is preferably spherical. From such a viewpoint, the toner used in the present invention preferably has a spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
[0028]
The ultra-fine surface hardness of the toner particles was measured by the same measurement method as that for the surface layer after depositing the toner particles in a layer form on the OHP sheet and heating and pressing to a thickness of about 20 μm. Defined by value.
[0029]
As a result of investigating the relationship between these ultra-small surface hardness and the hollow-out phenomenon, the surface layer has a value smaller than the ultra-small surface hardness of the toner particles, and intermediate transfer is performed to prevent the deformation stress of the surface layer from escaping. By setting the hardness of the body to 70 degrees or more in terms of JIS-A hardness, and preferably to 100 degrees or more in terms of JIS-A hardness, the surface of the intermediate transfer body can cope with local deformation, and the hollowing out phenomenon. It turns out that does not occur.
[0030]
Examples of the surface layer material include a tube in which a conductive material such as carbon black is added to a polymer material, and a paint in which a conductive material such as carbon black is dissolved in a polymer material. Examples of the tube material include olefin materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ionomer, and ethylene ethyl acrylate, and fluorine polymers such as tetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. Examples of the coating material include urethane resin and nylon resin in addition to the conductive fluorine-based material. As the conductive material added to these, the aforementioned carbon black and metal powder can be used.
[0031]
By the way, more or less atmospheric water vapor is adsorbed on the surface of an object in the air, but it is known that the amount of adsorbed water is small on the low surface energy surface subjected to the hydrophobization treatment. On the other hand, the adsorbed water acts as a liquid cross-linking force at the time of transfer, so the transfer efficiency is improved when the adsorbed water is less. Accordingly, a fluorine-based material having high water repellency is particularly preferable as a material constituting the surface layer because it contributes to reducing the liquid crosslinking force acting during transfer and improving transfer efficiency. Further, as a particularly desirable material, a material obtained by adding fluororesin-based fine particles to a fluororubber material can be given as an example.
[0032]
As described above, a surface layer having an ultrafine surface hardness lower than the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is provided on a rigid drum having a JIS-A hardness of 70 degrees or more and capable of easily obtaining high processing accuracy. With this configuration, there is no transfer failure due to uneven contact in the longitudinal direction between the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member, and there is no potential drop caused by the conventional conductive elastic layer, so a low applied voltage is applied in the vicinity of the transfer region. An effective transfer electric field can be generated, and a durable intermediate transfer drum without a hollow image that realizes high transfer efficiency even when the transfer region is narrow can be easily obtained.
[0033]
An intermediate layer 202 can be provided between the metallic support 201 of the intermediate transfer member and the surface layer 203. The intermediate layer 202 is formed of low hardness to medium hardness silicone rubber, urethane rubber, or the like, and the JIS-A hardness of the intermediate transfer member can be adjusted via the intermediate layer 202.
[0034]
Next, a method for further improving the transfer efficiency using the above intermediate transfer member will be described.
The toner particles formed on the toner particle carrier of the photosensitive member or the intermediate transfer member are attached to the photosensitive member or the like by not only electrostatic force but also non-electrostatic force such as van der Waals force. Therefore, in order to improve the transfer efficiency, it is necessary to weaken the non-electrostatic force between the toner particle carrier and the toner particles when an electrostatic attraction force, that is, a transfer electric field is applied to the toner particles.
[0035]
By applying fine particles to the surface of the surface layer of the photoreceptor or intermediate transfer member, there is a space between the toner particle carrier and the toner particles, or a state where the contact area between the toner particles and the toner carrier is small. And the non-electrostatic force can be reduced. Accordingly, when an electric field acts on the toner particles during transfer, the toner particles easily transfer to the recording member, and transfer efficiency is improved.
[0036]
If the average particle size of the fine particles is 1 nm or less, the voids between the toner particle carrier and the toner particles are small, and there is no effect of reducing the non-electrostatic force. If the average particle size is 500 nm or more, the voids become large. The toner particles cannot be held because the electrostatic adhesion force to the particle carrier is small. For this reason, the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
[0037]
Fine particle materials include silica, titanium oxide, alumina, barium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, oxidation Inorganic fine powders such as chromium and bengara, and organic fine powders such as polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene can be used.
[0038]
Considering environmental stability, these fine particles desirably have low hygroscopicity. In the case of inorganic fine powders having hygroscopic properties such as titanium oxide, alumina, silica, etc., those subjected to hydrophobic treatment are used. In addition to hexamethyldisilazane, these inorganic fine powders can be hydrophobized by, for example, silane coupling agents such as dimethyldichlorosilane, decylsilane, dialkyldihalogenated silane, trialkylhalogenated silane, and alkyltrihalogenated silane, and dimethyl It can be performed by reacting a hydrophobizing agent such as silicone oil with the fine powder at a high temperature.
[0039]
By applying the hydrophobized fine particles to the photoconductor and the intermediate transfer drum, it is possible to avoid an image defect called ghost caused by the toner remaining on the photoconductor and the intermediate transfer drum. For this reason, the photosensitive member is not damaged by the cleaning blade, and the service life thereof is extended.
[0040]
Experiments show that the transfer efficiency for avoiding ghosts is 95% or more, and the coating amount of fine particles for obtaining this transfer efficiency is 10% to 50%, preferably 20% to 30%. It was revealed. When excessive fine particles were applied, the surface resistance of the coating member was changed, resulting in poor transfer.
The coating amount of the fine particles is indicated by the projected area of the fine particles per unit area of the medium provided with the fine particles. The projected area was measured by an image processing apparatus [manufactured by Nireco Corporation: Luzex-] on a medium photograph provided with fine particles obtained by a scanning electron microscope.
[0041]
In the above-described embodiment, when recording an image using the intermediate transfer member of the present invention, a toner image is formed on the cylindrical first image carrier, and the first image carrier An example is shown in which the toner image is electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member, which is a second image carrier having a drum shape, and the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is electrostatically transferred to a transfer material. In the case of this aspect, the intermediate transfer member is suitable because characteristics such as rigidity, heat resistance, and wear resistance are not required to be highly required.
However, in the image recording apparatus and the image recording method of the present invention, when the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is transferred to the transfer material, in addition to the electrostatic transfer mode, the transfer may be performed by heating and pressing. In this case as well, due to the characteristics of the intermediate transfer member of the present invention, it is possible to prevent transfer failure due to a hollow image.
[0042]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples will be described.
Example 1
Lathe machining is performed on the vicinity of both ends of an aluminum drum base tube having a length of 310 mm and a diameter of 90 mm, and a flange having a rotating shaft is press-fitted into the machined portion. Further, the surface of the aluminum drum base pipe is finished with an outer diameter tolerance of ± 0.01 mm or less and an outer diameter flake accuracy of 0.01 mm or less with the rotation axis of the flange as a reference.
[0043]
Next, a latex obtained by adding fluororesin-based fine particles to fluororubber is spray-coated on an aluminum drum, left at room temperature for 10 minutes, then pre-dried at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then cured at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes. An intermediate transfer member having a surface layer having a thickness of 20 microns was obtained. The ratio between the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member and the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 0.25, the JIS-A hardness is 100 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013It was Ωcm. The resistance value of the intermediate transfer member was measured at an applied voltage of 100 V by attaching a conductive tape cut to the size of the ring electrode specified in JIS K6911 on the surface.
[0044]
Example 2
Nylon resin was dissolved in a solvent in which toluene, isopropyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate were mixed at a weight ratio of 6: 3: 1 to the aluminum drum, and the nylon resin 1 was mixed with furnace carbon black at a weight ratio of 1. The coating layer is applied three times by a dipping coating method to form a surface layer having a thickness of 35 microns, the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the toner particles is 1.0, and the JIS-A hardness is 100 degrees, resistance value is 1013An intermediate transfer member of Ωcm was obtained.
[0045]
Comparative Example 1
A cylindrical conductive tube having a thickness of 80 microns obtained by rotationally molding a liquid mixture obtained by adding furnace-based carbon black to liquid polyimide resin is inserted into and bonded to the aluminum drum, and the surface layer is formed. The ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 6.13, the JIS-A hardness is 100 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013An intermediate transfer member of Ωcm was obtained.
[0046]
Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 2
Next, carbon black is added to the silicone rubber to the aluminum drum to add conductivity (volume resistivity 103An intermediate layer having a medium hardness of Ωcm) is formed, and the surface layer described in Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 is formed on the intermediate layer. Hardness ratio is 0.25, JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees, resistance value is 1013Ωcm [Example 3], the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the toner particles is 1.0, the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013Ωcm [Example 4], and the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the toner particles is 6.13, the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013An intermediate transfer member of Ωcm was obtained [Comparative Example 2].
[0047]
Comparative Example 3 to Comparative Example 5
In addition, carbon black is added to silicone rubber in an aluminum drum to add conductivity (volume resistivity 103A low hardness intermediate layer is formed, and the surface layer described in Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 is formed on this intermediate layer. The surface layer and the ultrafine surface of the toner particles Hardness ratio is 0.25, JIS-A hardness is 60 degrees, resistance value is 1013Ωcm [Comparative Example 3], the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the toner particles is 1.0, the JIS-A hardness is 60 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013Ωcm [Comparative Example 4], the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the surface layer to the toner particles is 6.13, the JIA-A hardness is 60 degrees, and the resistance value is 1013An intermediate transfer member of Ωcm was obtained [Comparative Example 4].
[0048]
Example 5
An embodiment in which the intermediate transfer drum according to the present invention coated with fine particles is used will be described. A metal drum having a length of 310 mm, a diameter of 90 mm, an outer diameter tolerance of ± 0.01 mm, and an outer diameter flutter accuracy of 0.01 mm, a volume resistivity of 109An intermediate layer having a thickness of 20 microns was formed by dip coating of an Ωcm urethane paint.
Next, the nylon resin is dissolved in a solvent in which toluene, isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate are mixed at a ratio of 6: 3: 1, and the furnace carbon black is mixed at a weight ratio of 1 part by weight to 1 part by weight of the nylon resin. The paint was applied three times by dipping coating to form a surface layer having a thickness of 35 microns.
[0049]
Further, an intermediate transfer drum was produced by applying silica having an average particle diameter of 12 nm, which was hydrophobized using hexamethyldisilazane, to the surface of the conductive metal thin film support drum. The ratio of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member to the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 1, the JIS-A hardness is 100 degrees or more, and the resistance value is 1013It was Ωcm.
[0050]
The intermediate transfer drums shown in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 have a transfer characteristic (a hollow phenomenon and a transfer rate) having an average particle diameter of 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and a spherical shape having an ultrafine hardness of 8 Evaluation was performed using toner.
[0051]
The toner image was primarily transferred from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer drum at a transfer current of 38 μA, and the transferred image on the intermediate transfer drum was secondarily transferred to paper.
In the secondary transfer, the contact pressure between the intermediate transfer drum and the conductive backup roll disposed behind the paper is 100 g each using a spring mechanism at both ends of the conductive backup roll, drum peripheral speed: 69 mm / sec, transfer voltage: The conditions were 400V, 600V, and 800V.
The evaluation environmental conditions were a temperature of 10 ° C., a humidity of 30%, a temperature of 28 ° C. and a humidity of 85%. A copy image was obtained using a previously deteriorated developer and a newly prepared developer. The results are shown in Table 1.
<Evaluation method>
Stalling phenomenon
◎: No void at all, ○: Almost no void, ×: Many voids
Initial transfer rate
A: Initial transfer rate is 95% or more
○: Initial transfer rate is 80% or more and less than 95%
X: Initial transfer rate is less than 80%
[0052]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003627452
[0053]
When the intermediate transfer drum according to the present invention is used, even when transfer factors such as transfer voltage / current, toner deterioration, and environment fluctuate, a hollow image does not occur, and the transfer rate is a value that is practically acceptable. It was. In particular, in Example 5 to which fine particles were added, the initial transfer efficiency was 97%.
However, when the intermediate transfer member shown in Comparative Example 5 was used, a hollow image was formed, and the initial transfer efficiency was 83%.
The initial transfer efficiency is the ratio of the weight of toner transferred onto the transfer material to the weight of toner on the transfer material after 1000 copies have been continuously passed.
Furthermore, after leaving for one week in an environment of a temperature of 28 ° C. and a humidity of 85%, 100 copies were taken again and the characteristics and image quality of the intermediate transfer member were evaluated. In Example 5, the transfer efficiency was maintained. There were no defects such as missing image quality.
However, in Comparative Example 5, the resistance value, particularly the surface resistance, was reduced by two digits compared to the initial resistance value, the transfer efficiency was reduced by several percent, and the toner scattering phenomenon (blur) occurred in addition to the hollow image. . In addition, stripes appearing in the image, which are considered to be due to a level difference caused by poor compression set at the position where the intermediate transfer member is in contact with the photosensitive member.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the intermediate transfer drum according to the present invention is excellent in durability such as compression set, and the transfer rate is remarkably improved. Further, according to the image recording apparatus and the image recording method using the intermediate transfer drum, a high-quality image without transfer unevenness can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a preferred embodiment of an image forming apparatus provided with an intermediate transfer member of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of an intermediate transfer member of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
101 photoconductor,
102 Charger
103 Cleaning device
104a, 104b Writing device and scanning exposure of written image
105a-105d Developer
106 Transfer charger
107 Charger for peeling
108 Static elimination lamp
109 Paper Guide
110 Intermediate transfer drum
111 Recording material
201 Metal support
202 Middle layer
203 Surface layer
204 Flange

Claims (7)

円筒形の第一の像担持体上にトナー画像を形成し、該第一の像担持体上の該トナー画像をドラム形状からなる第二の像担持体である中間転写体に静電転写し、さらに該中間転写体上の該トナー画像を被転写材に転写する転写装置を有する画像記録装置において、前記中間転写体が、円筒形状の支持体上に、少なくとも表面層が形成され、該表面層の超微小表面硬度と前記トナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1以下で、かつ、JIS−A硬度が70度以上であることを特微とする画像記録装置。A toner image is formed on a cylindrical first image carrier, and the toner image on the first image carrier is electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member which is a second image carrier having a drum shape. Further, in the image recording apparatus having a transfer device for transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member has at least a surface layer formed on a cylindrical support, and the surface An image recording apparatus characterized in that the ratio of the ultrafine surface hardness of the layer to the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 1 or less and the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees or more. 前記表面層が、フッ素系微粒子を含んだフッ素系ラテックスで形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像記録装置。The image recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer is made of a fluorine-based latex containing fluorine-based fine particles. 円筒形の第一の像担持体上にトナー画像を形成し、該第一の像担持体上の該トナー画像をドラム形状からなる第二の像担持体である中間転写体に静電転写し、さらに該中間転写体上の該トナー画像を被転写材に転写する画像記録方法において、前記中間転写体が、円筒支持体上に、少なくとも表面層が形成され、該表面層の超微小表面硬度と前記トナー粒子の超微小表面硬度の比が1以下で、かつ、JIS−A硬度が70度以上であることを特微とする画像記録方法。A toner image is formed on a cylindrical first image carrier, and the toner image on the first image carrier is electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member which is a second image carrier having a drum shape. Furthermore, in the image recording method for transferring the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member has at least a surface layer formed on a cylindrical support, and the ultrafine surface of the surface layer An image recording method characterized in that the ratio between the hardness and the ultrafine surface hardness of the toner particles is 1 or less and the JIS-A hardness is 70 degrees or more. 前記中間転写体の表面層が、フッ素系微粒子を含んだフッ素系ラテックスで形成されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の画像記録方法。4. The image recording method according to claim 3, wherein the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member is formed of a fluorine-based latex containing fluorine-based fine particles. 前記中間転写体の表面層の表面に平均粒子径1nmから500nm以下の微粒子を付着させることを特徴とする請求項3又は請求項4に記載の画像記録方法。5. The image recording method according to claim 3, wherein fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm to 500 nm or less are adhered to the surface of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member. 前記微粒子の表面が疎水化処理されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の画像記録方法。6. The image recording method according to claim 5, wherein the surface of the fine particles is subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. 前記トナー粒子が、球形トナーであることを特徴とする請求項3乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載の画像記録方法。The image recording method according to claim 3, wherein the toner particles are spherical toners.
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