JP3625858B2 - Grinding and polishing wheel - Google Patents

Grinding and polishing wheel Download PDF

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JP3625858B2
JP3625858B2 JP09398994A JP9398994A JP3625858B2 JP 3625858 B2 JP3625858 B2 JP 3625858B2 JP 09398994 A JP09398994 A JP 09398994A JP 9398994 A JP9398994 A JP 9398994A JP 3625858 B2 JP3625858 B2 JP 3625858B2
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Prior art keywords
grindstone
grinding
lens
polishing
ring
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JPH07266211A (en
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雄太 西出
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、レンズなどの光学素子を保持具にはめ込んでノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工する際に用いる研削・研磨砥石に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、光学素子の研削・研磨砥石としては、例えば特開平5−261668号公報に開示されるものがある。この研削・研磨砥石は、図10に示すようなもので、ダイヤモンド・窒化ホウ素などの砥粒20を、鉄系,ニッケル系などの導電性のある導電材21内に混合包含して構成され、凸形状に形成されている。また、このペレット形状の研削・研磨砥石は、その研削・研磨面22以外の外周面23に、シリコン系,ポリイミド系などの耐荷電圧に優れた絶縁効果の高い材料により被覆コート24が施されている。このような研削・研磨砥石は、電解ドレッシング研削加工に用いられ、耐荷電圧に優れた被覆コート24により研削・研磨面22以外の電解・酸化を防ぎ、ワークの加工寸法および精度の劣化や砥石強度(耐久性)の低下を防ぐものである。
【0003】
また、従来のノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工は、例えば特開平2−124256号公報や実開平2−66944号公報に開示されるような保持具を用いて、図11および図12に示すように行われている。この保持具30は、下端に球状の支持部を形成した棒形状のカンザシ31により、略円盤形状のベース32が支持されている。このベース32は、レンズ33を保持するもので、ベース32の受け面32aとレンズ33の上面にある受け面33aとの間には、ゴム等の弾性材からなるリング状受け材34が介装されている。このような保持具30により保持したレンズ33を研削・研磨加工するには、レンズ33の被加工面33bに砥石35(図10参照)の研削・研磨面35aを押し当てながら、砥石35を軸回りに回転させかつ揺動中心Oを中心に揺動させて行う。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のようなノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工において、従来の研削・研磨砥石を用いた場合、加工中に砥石35がレンズ形状を維持するため適正な角度で揺動した際に、図11および図12に示すように、砥石35とレンズ33とが接触しない非接触部分36ができる。このとき、保持具30のリング状受け材34は、レンズ33の非接触部分36に対応する部分だけ圧縮荷重から解放され、元の形状に戻ろうとする復元力が生じる。この復元力により、レンズ33が砥石35からはみ出した部分を境(支点)にして変形を起こすことになり、その結果、フチダレ、ウネリ等が発生し、本来レンズ33に求められる形状精度が得られなくなる。また、加工中、砥石35とレンズ33との接触面積が変動することにより、研削・研磨の圧力が変動し、取り代が変化する。
【0005】
ここで、上記従来の研削・研磨砥石は、あくまで電解・酸化を防ぐために砥石35の外周面に被覆コート24(図10参照)を施すのであって、砥石35の外径を増加させるためのものではない。
【0006】
また、電解・酸化を防ぐために被覆コート24を施すので、砥石35自体とは異なった物質、つまりシリコン系,ポリイミド系などの耐荷電圧に優れた絶縁効果の高い材料を使用しなければならない。従って、砥石35の外周部に砥石35本体部分の磨耗度や縦弾性係数と異なる材料を用いた場合、レンズ33およびリング状受け材34に圧縮荷重がかかったとき、レンズ33およびリング状受け材34の変形を抑えることはできない。
【0007】
なぜなら、砥石35の外周部が磨耗度の大きい材質や縦弾性係数の小さい材質の時は、砥石35外周部が砥石35の本体部分より摩耗したり、弾性変形して、砥石35の本体部分しかレンズ33に接触しなくなり、結果的にレンズ33およびリング状受け材34が変形してしまう。逆に、砥石35の外周部分が摩耗度の小さい材質や縦弾性係数の大きい材質の時は、砥石35の本体部分が砥石35の外周より摩耗したり、弾性変形して、砥石35の外周部しかレンズ33に接触しなくなり、レンズ33およびリング状受け材34が変形したり、砥石35の本体部分がレンズ33に接触しにくくなるために、十分な研削・研磨が行えなくなる。つまり、砥石35の外周部分が砥石35本体部分との関係で、材質が異なっていても、摩耗度や縦弾性係数が同じで、なおかつ、加工時にレンズ33に接触しても悪影響(キズなど)を及ぼさない材質であれば、特に問題はないのであるが、従来例の研削・研磨砥石を用いても上記問題点は解決しない。
【0008】
本発明は、かかる従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、請求項1に係る発明の目的は、ノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工において、変形が生じやすいレンズなどの光学素子を高精度に研削・研磨を行うことができる研削・研磨砥石を提供することである。
【0009】
また、請求項2に係る発明の目的は、請求項1に係る発明の目的に加えて、加工時における光学素子のキズの発生などの不具合を生じさせない研削・研磨砥石を提供することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、請求項1に係る発明は、光学素子を研削・研磨する際に用いる研削・研磨砥石において、砥粒およびボンド材からなる砥石部と、前記砥石部の外周に位置し、前記砥石部と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数の材料からなり、前記光学素子が研削・研磨中に前記砥石部よりも外側にはみ出たときに前記光学素子を支持する加工能力がない輪帯部と、で構成することとした。
【0012】
また、請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明において、輪帯部を砥石部に用いたボンド材と同一材料で構成することとした。
【0014】
図1〜図4に本発明の概念図を示す。なお、図1以降の図において、従来と同一構成部分については、図11および図12と同一符号をもって示し、その説明は省略する。図1は、加工するレンズ33の外径がD、曲率半径がR、半角θがsin−1(D/2R)なるレンズ33を保持具30により保持し、ノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工を行う際の縦断面図である。図2は、その平面図である。また、図3は、レンズ33の半角θ=sin−1(D/2R)とレンズ33のはみ出し角θとの関係についての実験結果を示すグラフである。
【0015】
この研削・研磨砥石は、図1および図2に示すように、砥粒およびボンド材からなる砥石部2と、この砥石部2の研削・研磨に実質的に寄与する面以外の外周に位置し、砥石部2と同じ曲率半径Rをもち、砥石部2と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数の材料からなる輪帯部3とで構成されている。
【0016】
図3において、レンズ33の曲率中心をO(加工時において砥石1の揺動中心と一致する)、レンズ加工径の最外周位置をa、レンズ33の被加工面33bとレンズ33の中心線(光軸)との交点をcとした場合、レンズ半角θ=sin

Figure 0003625858
また、図4はレンズ半径θ=sin−1(D/2R)とレンズ33のはみ出し角θとの関係について実験より見いだした結果を示したものである。これは、砥石1をモータなどにより強制的に回転させながら揺動させ、その砥石1にレンズ33を擦り合わせることにより研削・研磨加工した場合、砥石1外周部は相対的に砥石1中心部より速度が速くなるため、レンズ33の被加工面33b全体が常に砥石1と接した状態、つまり、はみ出し角θ=0では、必然的にレンズ33外周部の相対速度が速くなり、その結果、加工速度が速くなる。そうすると、レンズ33外周部がより研削・研磨されることとなり、求めるレンズ形状が得られなくなる。こういったことをなくすために、揺動角を変え、レンズ33をはみ出させることによりレンズ33の外周部が研削・研磨されすぎることを抑え、レンズ33外周部と中心部が均一に研削・研磨されるようにして、求めるレンズ形状が得られる加工条件のもとに実験を行ったものである。
【0017】
【作用】
まず、請求項1および2に係る発明の作用について説明する。レンズ33を保持具30にはめこんでノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工する際、レンズ形状を維持するため、加工中に砥石1がレンズ33からはみ出さなければならない。上記構成によれば、研削・研磨加工を行う際に、砥石1が揺動して砥石部2がレンズ33と接触しない部分ができたとしても、輪帯部3がレンズ33と接触しているため(領域4)に砥石1全体としてのレンズ33との接触面積は変わらない。しかも、輪帯部3には加工能力がないため、加工には寄与しない。その結果、従来の加工条件のまま加工圧が変化せず、しかも常にレンズ33が押さえられるため、リング状受け材34の変形(復元)が抑えられ、レンズ33の変形を抑えることができる。
【0018】
また、本発明においては、従来使用されている研削・研磨砥石の外周部に砥石部2と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数を持つ材料でできた輪帯部3を取り付け、見かけ上の砥石1の大きさを大きくするので、研削砥石・研磨砥石のいずれの場合にも適用できる。
【0020】
【実施例1】
図5および図6に本実施例の砥石を用いた加工状態を示す縦断面図および砥石の拡大半截縦断面図を示す。
【0021】
(構成)
保持具30によって保持された光学素子であるレンズ33は、砥石1が回転および揺動することによって研磨される。砥石1は、図6に示すように、外径dで、砥粒およびボンド材よるなる砥石部(中心部)2と、その外周に砥石部2と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数を有する材料からなる外径dの輪帯部3とによって構成されている。また、砥石部2および輪帯部3は、それぞれ単独で形成されており、ステンレスなどの金属からなる台金10に接着することにより一体的に形成されている。
【0022】
(作用)
上記構成によれば、加工中に砥石1が適正な角度で揺動する際、レンズ33の被加工面の中で外径dの砥石部2と接触しない部分ができる。すなわち、砥石部2がレンズ33の被加工表面から外れることになる。しかし、砥石部2の外周に外径d、半角θの輪帯部3があるため、レンズ33が砥石1から外れることはない。これにより、レンズ33は常に砥石1に押さえられている状態となり、リング状受け材34の変形(復元)が起きず、レンズ33の変形を抑えることができる。また、被加工面にかかる加工圧力は一定となる。
【0023】
(効果)
本実施例によれば、輪帯部3には砥粒が含まれていないため加工能力がなく、砥石部2のみの砥石にて加工を行うときの加工条件と同じ条件で加工を行うことができ、しかも砥石1の揺動によりレンズ33が砥石1と接触しない部分ができないため、加工するレンズ33の取り代が変化せず、フチダレやうねり等が発生しない。すなわち、レンズ33を高精度に研削・研磨加工することができる。なお、輪帯部3の半角θは0.25θ以上であることが望ましく、その材質は砥石部2のボンド材と同じものがよりよい。
【0024】
【実施例2】
図7に本実施例の砥石の半截縦断面図を示す。
【0025】
(構成)
本実施例の砥石1は、実施例1のものと同様に、砥石部2と輪帯部3によって構成されているが、次の点が実施例1の砥石と異なる。すなわち、本実施例における円板状の台金は、小円板状の台金15と、この台金15の外周に位置するリング状の台金14とから構成されている。そして、砥石部2と台金15、また輪帯部3と台金14とがそれぞれ接着されており、砥石部2と輪帯部3とは接着されていない。また、砥石部2および台金15と、輪帯部3および台金14の外周面から螺入されるネジ11の先端を台金15の側面に押し当てることで固定できるようになっている。
【0026】
(作用)
上記構成によれば、砥石部2および台金15と、輪帯部3および台金14とは、ネジ11により固定されるので、ネジ11を緩めることで輪帯部3を軸方向に移動させることができ、移動箇所でネジ止めすれば、砥石部2と輪帯部3との相対的な高さ位置を容易に調節することができる。また、実施例1と同様に、砥石部2の外周には輪帯部3が存在するため、レンズ33が砥石1から外れることはない。
【0027】
(効果)
本実施例によれば、実施例1と同様の効果が得られるのと同時に、砥粒を含む砥石部2の表面2aと砥粒を含まない輪帯部3の表面3aが摩耗することにより、砥石部2と輪帯部3の高さが変わりレンズ被加工面の曲率半径Rが狂っても、ネジ11によって砥石部2と輪帯部3との相対的な高さを調節できるので、レンズ被加工面の曲率半径Rを補正することも可能である。なお、輪帯部3の半角θは0.25θ以上であることが望ましく、材質は砥石部2のボンド材と同じものがよりよい。
【0028】
【実施例3】
図8および図9に本実施例の砥石の半截縦断面図および平面図を示す。
【0029】
(構成)
本実施例は、実施例1で用いた砥石を、ペレット砥石に置き換えたもので、砥石1の中心部(砥石部2)は砥粒とボンド材よりなるペレット砥石16からなり、外周部(輪帯部3)は砥石部2と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数を有する材料で作られたペレット17で構成されている。
【0030】
(作用)
上記構成によれば、実施例1と同様に、加工中、砥石1が適正な角度で揺動する際、常にレンズ33が砥石1の表面からはみ出すことがないようにできる。
【0031】
(効果)
本実施例によれば、実施例1と同様の効果が期待できるのと同時に、ペレットの貼り方によって、砥石部2および輪帯部3の幅を調節することが可能である。つまり、ペレットの貼り方によって砥石部2の外径dの長さ、または、輪帯部3の半角θを変えることができる。また、ペレットを使うことにより、排水性の向上に加えて砥石部2の研削・研磨および輪帯部3の摩擦抵抗を軽減する働きもある。さらに、前記実施例1,2と同様に、輪帯部3の半角θは0.25θ以上であることが望ましく、材質は砥石部2のボンド材と同じものがよりよい。
【0032】
なお、本発明において、摩耗度および縦弾性係数が同じである砥石部と輪帯部とは、必ずしも同一材料である必要はなく、異種材料により形成してもよい。また、摩耗度および縦弾性係数が同じとは、数値的に完全同一でなくても、本発明の作用、効果を奏すれば、近似範囲のものも含む。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の研削・研磨砥石によれば、次のような効果を奏する。 請求項1に係る発明の効果は、ノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工において、レンズなどの光学素子を変形せずに高精度な研削・研磨加工が行えることである。 請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1の効果に加えて、加工時におけるレンズ表面への悪影響(キズの発生など)を抑える効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の砥石を用いてノンブロッキング研削・研磨加工を行う場合の縦断面図である。
【図2】図1に示す装置の平面図である。
【図3】本発明のレンズの半角とはみ出し角との位置関係を示す図である。
【図4】レンズの半角とはみ出し角との位置関係についての実験結果を示すグラフである。
【図5】本発明の実施例1の砥石を用いた加工状態を示す縦断面図である。
【図6】同実施例1の砥石を示す半截縦断面図である。
【図7】本発明の実施例2の砥石を示す半截縦断面図である。
【図8】本発明の実施例3の砥石を示す半截縦断面図である。
【図9】同実施例3の砥石を示す平面図である。
【図10】従来の砥石を示す半截縦断面図である。
【図11】従来の砥石を用いた加工状態を示す縦断面図である。
【図12】図11に示す装置の平面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 砥石
2 砥石部
3 輪帯部
30 保持具
33 レンズ[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a grinding / polishing grindstone used when non-blocking grinding / polishing is performed by fitting an optical element such as a lens in a holder.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a grinding / polishing grindstone for an optical element, for example, there is one disclosed in JP-A-5-261668. This grinding / polishing grindstone is as shown in FIG. 10 and is configured by including abrasive grains 20 such as diamond and boron nitride mixed in a conductive material 21 having conductivity such as iron-based or nickel-based, It is formed in a convex shape. Further, this pellet-shaped grinding / polishing grindstone has a coating coat 24 applied to the outer peripheral surface 23 other than the grinding / polishing surface 22 with a material having a high insulation effect such as a silicon-based or polyimide-based material having a high withstand voltage. Yes. Such a grinding / polishing grindstone is used for electrolytic dressing grinding, and the coating coat 24 having excellent withstand voltage prevents electrolysis / oxidation other than the grinding / polishing surface 22, reduces the work size and accuracy of the workpiece, and grindstone strength. (Durability) is prevented from decreasing.
[0003]
Further, the conventional non-blocking grinding / polishing process is performed as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 using a holder as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-124256 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 2-66944. ing. The holder 30 has a substantially disc-shaped base 32 supported by a rod-shaped Kanzashi 31 having a spherical support portion formed at the lower end. The base 32 holds the lens 33, and a ring-shaped receiving material 34 made of an elastic material such as rubber is interposed between the receiving surface 32 a of the base 32 and the receiving surface 33 a on the upper surface of the lens 33. Has been. In order to grind and polish the lens 33 held by such a holder 30, the grindstone 35 is pivoted while pressing the grinding / polishing surface 35a of the grindstone 35 (see FIG. 10) against the work surface 33b of the lens 33. Rotating around and swinging around the swing center O.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the non-blocking grinding / polishing process as described above, when a conventional grinding / polishing grindstone is used, when the grindstone 35 is swung at an appropriate angle in order to maintain the lens shape during the machining, FIG. 11 and FIG. As shown, a non-contact portion 36 where the grindstone 35 and the lens 33 do not contact each other is formed. At this time, the ring-shaped receiving member 34 of the holder 30 is released from the compressive load only in the portion corresponding to the non-contact portion 36 of the lens 33, and a restoring force is generated to return to the original shape. This restoring force causes the lens 33 to be deformed at the boundary (fulcrum) where the lens 33 protrudes from the grindstone 35. As a result, edge and undulation occur, and the shape accuracy originally required for the lens 33 is obtained. Disappear. Further, during processing, the contact area between the grindstone 35 and the lens 33 varies, whereby the grinding / polishing pressure varies and the machining allowance varies.
[0005]
Here, the conventional grinding / polishing grindstone is provided with a coating coat 24 (see FIG. 10) on the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone 35 in order to prevent electrolysis / oxidation, and to increase the outer diameter of the grindstone 35. is not.
[0006]
Further, since the coating coat 24 is applied in order to prevent electrolysis / oxidation, a material different from the grindstone 35 itself, that is, a material having a high insulation effect, such as a silicon-based or polyimide-based material, having excellent withstand voltage, must be used. Therefore, when a material different from the degree of wear or the longitudinal elastic modulus of the grindstone 35 main body is used for the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35, when a compression load is applied to the lens 33 and the ring-shaped receiving material 34, the lens 33 and the ring-shaped receiving material. The deformation of 34 cannot be suppressed.
[0007]
This is because when the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35 is made of a material with a high degree of wear or a material with a low longitudinal elastic modulus, the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35 is worn away from the main body portion of the grindstone 35 or elastically deformed, so As a result, the lens 33 and the ring-shaped receiving member 34 are deformed. On the contrary, when the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35 is made of a material having a low degree of wear or a material having a large longitudinal elastic modulus, the main body portion of the grindstone 35 is worn from the outer periphery of the grindstone 35 or elastically deformed, and the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35 However, since the lens 33 and the ring-shaped receiving material 34 are deformed and the main body portion of the grindstone 35 is difficult to contact the lens 33, sufficient grinding and polishing cannot be performed. That is, the outer peripheral portion of the grindstone 35 is related to the grindstone 35 body portion, and even if the material is different, the degree of wear and the longitudinal elastic modulus are the same, and even if the lens 33 is touched during processing (scratches, etc.) If the material does not affect the above, there is no particular problem, but the above-mentioned problems are not solved even if the conventional grinding / polishing grindstone is used.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and an object of the invention according to claim 1 is to grind and polish an optical element such as a lens that is likely to be deformed with high accuracy in non-blocking grinding and polishing. It is providing the grinding-polishing grindstone which can perform.
[0009]
In addition to the object of the invention according to claim 1, an object of the invention according to claim 2 is to provide a grinding / polishing grindstone that does not cause defects such as scratches on the optical element during processing.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a grinding / polishing grindstone used for grinding / polishing an optical element, and a grindstone portion made of abrasive grains and a bonding material, and an outer periphery of the grindstone portion. An annular zone made of a material having the same degree of wear and a longitudinal elastic modulus as that of the grindstone, and having no processing ability to support the optical element when the optical element protrudes outside the grindstone during grinding / polishing. Part.
[0012]
Further, the invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the ring zone portion is made of the same material as the bond material used for the grindstone portion.
[0014]
1 to 4 show conceptual diagrams of the present invention. In FIG. 1 and subsequent figures, the same components as those in the prior art are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 11 and 12, and the description thereof is omitted. FIG. 1 shows a case in which a lens 33 to be processed has an outer diameter D, a radius of curvature R, and a half angle θ L of sin −1 (D / 2R) held by a holder 30 for non-blocking grinding / polishing. FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. FIG. 3 is a graph showing experimental results on the relationship between the half angle θ L = sin −1 (D / 2R) of the lens 33 and the protrusion angle θ H of the lens 33.
[0015]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the grinding / polishing grindstone is located on the outer periphery other than the grindstone portion 2 made of abrasive grains and a bonding material and the surface that substantially contributes to the grinding / polishing of the grindstone portion 2. The ring portion 3 is made of a material having the same radius of curvature R as the grindstone portion 2 and having the same degree of wear and longitudinal elastic modulus as the grindstone portion 2.
[0016]
In FIG. 3, the center of curvature of the lens 33 is O (matches the center of oscillation of the grindstone 1 during processing), the outermost peripheral position of the lens processing diameter is a, the processing surface 33 b of the lens 33 and the center line of the lens 33 ( When the intersection point with the optical axis) is c, the lens half angle θ L = sin
Figure 0003625858
Further, FIG. 4 shows the results of finding out the relationship between the lens radius θ L = sin −1 (D / 2R) and the protrusion angle θ H of the lens 33 through experiments. This is because when the grindstone 1 is rocked while being forcibly rotated by a motor or the like and the lens 33 is rubbed against the grindstone 1 for grinding and polishing, the outer periphery of the grindstone 1 is relatively closer to the center of the grindstone 1. Since the speed is increased, the relative speed of the outer peripheral portion of the lens 33 inevitably increases in a state where the entire processing surface 33b of the lens 33 is always in contact with the grindstone 1, that is, in the protrusion angle θ H = 0. Processing speed increases. As a result, the outer periphery of the lens 33 is further ground and polished, and the desired lens shape cannot be obtained. In order to eliminate such a situation, by changing the swing angle and protruding the lens 33, the outer periphery of the lens 33 is prevented from being excessively ground and polished, and the outer periphery and the center of the lens 33 are uniformly ground and polished. In this way, the experiment was performed under the processing conditions that provide the desired lens shape.
[0017]
[Action]
First, the operation of the invention according to claims 1 and 2 will be described. When the lens 33 is fitted into the holder 30 and non-blocking grinding / polishing is performed, the grindstone 1 must protrude from the lens 33 during processing in order to maintain the lens shape. According to the above configuration, the ring zone 3 is in contact with the lens 33 even when the grindstone 1 swings and a portion where the grindstone 2 is not in contact with the lens 33 is formed during grinding / polishing. Therefore, the contact area with the lens 33 as the entire grindstone 1 does not change in (region 4). Moreover, since the annular zone 3 does not have a processing capability, it does not contribute to the processing. As a result, the processing pressure does not change with the conventional processing conditions, and the lens 33 is always pressed, so that deformation (restoration) of the ring-shaped receiving material 34 is suppressed, and deformation of the lens 33 can be suppressed.
[0018]
In the present invention, an annular zone 3 made of a material having the same degree of wear and a longitudinal elastic modulus as that of the grinding wheel portion 2 is attached to the outer periphery of a conventionally used grinding / polishing grinding stone, and the apparent grinding stone 1 Since the size is increased, it can be applied to either a grinding wheel or a grinding wheel.
[0020]
[Example 1]
5 and 6 are a longitudinal sectional view showing a processing state using the grindstone of the present embodiment and an enlarged half vertical longitudinal sectional view of the grindstone.
[0021]
(Constitution)
The lens 33 which is an optical element held by the holding tool 30 is polished by rotating and swinging the grindstone 1. As shown in FIG. 6, the grindstone 1 has an outer diameter d, a grindstone portion (center portion) 2 made of abrasive grains and a bond material, and a material having the same degree of wear and longitudinal elastic modulus as the grindstone portion 2 on the outer periphery thereof. It is constituted by the annular portion 3 of the outer diameter d T made. Moreover, the grindstone part 2 and the ring zone part 3 are each formed independently, and are integrally formed by adhere | attaching on the base metal 10 which consists of metals, such as stainless steel.
[0022]
(Function)
According to the said structure, when the grindstone 1 rock | fluctuates by an appropriate angle during a process, the part which does not contact the grindstone part 2 of the outer diameter d in the to-be-processed surface of the lens 33 is made. That is, the grindstone part 2 comes off from the surface of the lens 33 to be processed. However, since the annular zone 3 having the outer diameter d T and the half angle θ r is provided on the outer periphery of the grindstone 2, the lens 33 does not come off the grindstone 1. Thereby, the lens 33 is always pressed by the grindstone 1, and the deformation (restoration) of the ring-shaped receiving material 34 does not occur, and the deformation of the lens 33 can be suppressed. Further, the processing pressure applied to the surface to be processed is constant.
[0023]
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, the ring zone portion 3 does not include abrasive grains, so that there is no processing capability, and the processing can be performed under the same conditions as the processing conditions when processing is performed with the grindstone of only the grindstone portion 2. In addition, since there is no portion where the lens 33 does not come into contact with the grindstone 1 due to the rocking of the grindstone 1, the machining allowance of the lens 33 to be processed does not change, and no sag or waviness occurs. That is, the lens 33 can be ground and polished with high accuracy. In addition, it is desirable that the half angle θ r of the ring zone portion 3 is 0.25θ L or more, and the material thereof is preferably the same as the bond material of the grindstone portion 2.
[0024]
[Example 2]
FIG. 7 shows a semi-longitudinal longitudinal sectional view of the grindstone of this example.
[0025]
(Constitution)
The grindstone 1 of the present embodiment is configured by the grindstone portion 2 and the ring zone portion 3 as in the first embodiment, but differs from the grindstone of the first embodiment in the following points. That is, the disk-shaped base metal in this embodiment is composed of a small disk-shaped base metal 15 and a ring-shaped base metal 14 positioned on the outer periphery of the base metal 15. And the grindstone part 2 and the base metal 15, and the ring zone part 3 and the base metal 14 are respectively bonded, and the grindstone part 2 and the ring band part 3 are not bonded. Further, the grindstone portion 2 and the base metal 15 and the tip of the screw 11 screwed from the outer peripheral surface of the annular zone 3 and the base metal 14 can be fixed by pressing against the side surface of the base metal 15.
[0026]
(Function)
According to the above configuration, the grindstone portion 2 and the base metal 15, and the ring zone portion 3 and the base metal 14 are fixed by the screw 11, so that the ring zone portion 3 is moved in the axial direction by loosening the screw 11. It is possible to adjust the relative height position of the grindstone portion 2 and the ring zone portion 3 easily by screwing at the moving part. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the ring zone portion 3 exists on the outer periphery of the grindstone portion 2, so that the lens 33 does not come off the grindstone 1.
[0027]
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and at the same time, the surface 2a of the grindstone portion 2 including abrasive grains and the surface 3a of the ring zone portion 3 not including abrasive grains are worn, Even if the height of the grinding wheel portion 2 and the ring zone portion 3 changes and the radius of curvature R of the lens work surface changes, the relative height between the grinding wheel portion 2 and the ring zone portion 3 can be adjusted by the screw 11. It is also possible to correct the radius of curvature R of the work surface. In addition, it is desirable that the half angle θ r of the ring zone portion 3 is 0.25θ L or more, and the same material as the bond material of the grindstone portion 2 is better.
[0028]
[Example 3]
8 and 9 show a half-longitudinal longitudinal sectional view and a plan view of the grindstone of this embodiment.
[0029]
(Constitution)
In this embodiment, the grindstone used in the first embodiment is replaced with a pellet grindstone, and the central portion (grindstone portion 2) of the grindstone 1 is composed of a pellet grindstone 16 made of abrasive grains and a bonding material, and an outer peripheral portion (ring). The band 3) is composed of pellets 17 made of a material having the same degree of wear and longitudinal elastic modulus as the grindstone 2.
[0030]
(Function)
According to the above configuration, as in the first embodiment, the lens 33 can be prevented from always protruding from the surface of the grindstone 1 when the grindstone 1 swings at an appropriate angle during processing.
[0031]
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be expected, and at the same time, the width of the grindstone portion 2 and the ring zone portion 3 can be adjusted by the way of attaching the pellets. In other words, the length of the outer diameter d of the grinding wheel 2 by bonding how the pellets, or can change the half angle theta r of annular portion 3. Further, by using pellets, in addition to improving drainage, there is also a function of reducing grinding and polishing of the grindstone portion 2 and frictional resistance of the ring zone portion 3. Further, like the first and second embodiments, the half angle θ r of the annular zone 3 is desirably 0.25θ L or more, and the material is preferably the same as the bond material of the grindstone 2.
[0032]
In the present invention, the grindstone portion and the ring zone portion having the same degree of wear and longitudinal elastic modulus are not necessarily made of the same material, and may be formed of different materials. Moreover, even if the degree of wear and the longitudinal elastic modulus are the same, even if they are not completely the same numerically, those having an approximate range are included as long as the effects and effects of the present invention are achieved.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the grinding / polishing grindstone of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. The effect of the invention according to claim 1 is that in non-blocking grinding / polishing, high-precision grinding / polishing can be performed without deforming an optical element such as a lens. The invention according to claim 2 has the effect of suppressing adverse effects (such as generation of scratches) on the lens surface during processing in addition to the effect of claim 1 .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view when non-blocking grinding / polishing is performed using a grindstone of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a half angle and a protrusion angle of the lens of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a result of an experiment on a positional relationship between a half angle of a lens and a protruding angle.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a processing state using the grindstone of Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a whetstone of the first embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a half-longitudinal longitudinal sectional view showing a grindstone according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a half-longitudinal longitudinal sectional view showing a grindstone according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
9 is a plan view showing a grindstone of Example 3. FIG.
FIG. 10 is a semi-longitudinal longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional grindstone.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a processing state using a conventional grindstone.
12 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 11. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Whetstone 2 Whetstone 3 Ring Zone 30 Holder 33 Lens

Claims (2)

光学素子を研削・研磨する際に用いる研削・研磨砥石において、
砥粒およびボンド材からなる砥石部と、
前記砥石部の外周に位置し、前記砥石部と同じ摩耗度および縦弾性係数の材料からなり、前記光学素子が研削・研磨中に前記砥石部よりも外側にはみ出たときに前記光学素子を支持する加工能力がない輪帯部と、
で構成したことを特徴とする研削・研磨砥石。
In grinding and polishing wheels used when grinding and polishing optical elements,
A grindstone made of abrasive grains and a bond material;
Located on the outer periphery of the grindstone part, made of a material having the same degree of wear and longitudinal elastic modulus as the grindstone part, and supports the optical element when the optical element protrudes outside the grindstone part during grinding / polishing. An annular zone with no processing ability to
A grinding / polishing wheel characterized by comprising
前記輪帯部は前記砥石部に用いたボンド材と同一材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の研削・研磨砥石。The grinding / polishing grindstone according to claim 1, wherein the ring zone portion is made of the same material as the bond material used for the grindstone portion.
JP09398994A 1994-03-24 1994-03-24 Grinding and polishing wheel Expired - Fee Related JP3625858B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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JP2001300838A (en) * 2000-04-25 2001-10-30 Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res Large ultraprecise elid aspherical work device
JP5473794B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2014-04-16 パナソニック株式会社 Optical element
CN103506937A (en) * 2013-10-23 2014-01-15 江苏双仪光学器材有限公司 Double-faced grinding rotation machine for vehicle-mounted lens
CN104385083B (en) * 2014-10-15 2016-08-24 天津大学 Cup emery wheel variable location basic circle convex surface workpiece grinding processing method

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