JP3615675B2 - Method for detecting adenovirus antigen - Google Patents

Method for detecting adenovirus antigen Download PDF

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JP3615675B2
JP3615675B2 JP20905599A JP20905599A JP3615675B2 JP 3615675 B2 JP3615675 B2 JP 3615675B2 JP 20905599 A JP20905599 A JP 20905599A JP 20905599 A JP20905599 A JP 20905599A JP 3615675 B2 JP3615675 B2 JP 3615675B2
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Prior art keywords
antigen
adenovirus
adenovirus antigen
buffer solution
detecting
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JP2001033459A (en
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俊文 大島
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Meiji Co Ltd
Meiji Dairies Corp
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Meiji Co Ltd
Meiji Dairies Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヒトの目、呼吸器等から採取した検体中からアデノウイルス抗原を、迅速、かつ高感度で検出する方法、および該抗原検出キットに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アデノウイルスは、目、呼吸器、消化器に感染し、眼疾患としては、流行性角結膜炎、急性濾胞性結膜炎等、呼吸器疾患としては、肺炎、気管支炎等、消化器疾患としては、胃腸炎等を引き起こすことが知られている。アデノウイルスによる結膜炎は、失明に至ることは少ないが、伝染力が強いために、学校や職場で集団発生したり、病院で院内感染をおこし、大きな社会問題になっている。しかし、アデノウイルス感染症に有効な治療法は未だ確立されておらず、対症療法が主体である。
このように、アデノウイルス感染症に対する有効な治療方法がないため、速やかにアデノウイルス抗原を検出し、アデノウイルス感染の有無の診断を行い、流行を未然に防止するための予防措置を取ることが緊急の課題である。
アデノウイルス抗原を迅速・簡便に検出するためのキットとして、「アデノクロン」(販売元:トーレ・フジバイオニクス社)、「アデノチェック」(販売元:参天製薬株式会社)等が開発され、アデノウイルス感染の診断に用いられている。これらのキットにおいては、対象物を、ほぼ中性のpHを有する常温の緩衝液中で抽出したものを検体として、キット供して抗原を測定しているが、測定感度[検出(測定)限界(detection limit)、あるいは検出能(detectability)]において、未だ満足できるものではない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、本発明は、アデノウイルス抗原の検出を、高感度に検出することを課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、アデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定の際に、アデノウイルス抗原の抽出溶液のpH値を、通常設定されている中性付近のpH値から大幅にアルカリ側に逸脱させたpH値に設定することにより、または、該抗原抽出液を加熱することにより、さらにまた、該抗原抽出液のpH値をアルカリ側に設定し、かつ該抗原抽出液を加熱することにより、従来方法よりも、より高感度で、該抗原を測定できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1) アデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定法において、該抗原抽出液のpHを10以上に設定し及び/又は温度を60℃以上に加熱することを特徴とするアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法、
(2) 該抗原抽出液のpHを10以上かつ11.5以下に設定する(1)のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法、
(3) 該抗原抽出液の温度を60〜80℃に加熱する(1)のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法、
(4) 該抗原抽出液がリン酸緩衝液である(1)のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法、
(5) 該免疫学的測定法が、アデノウイルス抗原検出キットによるものである(1)のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法、
(6) アデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定法において、抗原抽出液のpHを10以上に設定し及び/又は温度を60℃以上に加熱することを特徴とするアデノウイルス抗原検出キット、
(7) 抗原抽出液のpHを10以上かつ11.5以下に設定する(6)のアデノウイルス抗原検出キット、
(8) 抗原抽出液の温度を60〜80℃に加熱する(6)のアデノウイルス抗原検出キット、
に関する。
【0006】
ここで、抗原抽出液は、緩衝液が好ましい。抽出液のpHの測定感度に対する最適範囲は、緩衝液の種類によって若干異なる。例えば、表1を参照(アデノチェックで測定)すると、リン酸緩衝液(表1の3)の場合、pHの値を、10.7〜10.9に設定することにより、0.6μg/mlのアデノウイルス抗原を検出し、0.3μg/mlの該抗原を弱陽性で検出しているのに対し、対照(表1の1)は、1.2μg/mlの該抗原を、弱陽性で検出しているに過ぎない。pHの値をより広くとり、10.4〜11.2に設定すると、0.6μg/mlの該抗原を検出する。グリシン緩衝液(表1の2)の場合は、pH値を10.9〜11.2に設定することにより、0.6μg/mlの該抗原を検出し、0.3μg/mlの抗原を弱陽性で検出している。すなわち、緩衝液のpH値を、ほぼ、10〜11.5に設定することにより、より高感度でアデノウイルス抗原を検出することができる。pHの調製は、抗原抽出前、抗原抽出中、あるいは抗原抽出後のいずれでもよい。
【0007】
緩衝液の加熱温度について、表2を参照すると、抗原抽出の際、60℃以上の緩衝液を用いると、0.3μg/mlの抗原を検出し、0.15μg/mlの抗原を弱陽性で検出しているのに対し、対照(未処理)は、2.4μg/mlの抗原を検出し、1.2μg/mlの抗原を弱陽性で検出しているに過ぎない。すなわち、抗原抽出液に、60℃以上に加温した緩衝液を用いることにより、アデノウイルス抗原を、より高感度で測定することが可能である。加温処理は、抗原抽出前、抗原抽出中、あるいは抗原抽出後のいずれでもよい。
また、緩衝液のpHを上記のように、アルカリ側に設定し、かつ、加熱処理を施しても、同様に高感度の測定が可能である。
【0008】
アデノウイルス抗原に対して、高アルカリ側pH、あるいは加熱処理という、従来の技術常識からは考えられない処理を施すことにより、このように測定感度が向上するメカニズムは、現在のところ明らかではないが、本発明者等は、これらの処理により、抗原タンパク質が変性(立体構造の変化)しているものと推測しており、この変性が、測定感度の向上に寄与しているものと考えている。したがって、上記の処理以外にも、タンパク質を変性させる処理、例えば、イオン強度を高めるなども本発明に包含される。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のアデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定方法として、例えば、アデノウイルス抗原検出キット(特開平9−171019)を用いるのが好ましい。また、市販のキット(例えば、アデノチェック、あるいはアデノクロン)も用いることができる。
ここでは、アデノチェックを用いる場合を述べる。まず、スワブを用いて、角結膜、咽頭等からできるだけ多くの上皮を擦過して、アデノウイルス抗原検出の対象となる検体を得る。次に、検体の付着したスワブを、チューブ内のリン酸緩衝液(pH10.7)中に入れ、チューブの内壁に擦り付けて、検体を緩衝液中に十分に抽出させる。
ここで、チューブとしては、通常、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン等の合成樹脂製のものが用いられる。チューブの容量は、例えば、1.5ml程度である。緩衝液の容量は、0.5 ml程度である。
【0010】
緩衝液としては、上記したリン酸緩衝液の他、グリシン緩衝液、ホウ酸緩衝液等も用いることができるが、これらは例示であって、本発明はこれらの緩衝液に限定されない。
緩衝液に抽出した検体は、十分に混合した後、「アデノチェック」、「アデノクロン」等のアデノウイルス検出キットを用いて、該キットに添付のプロトコールにしたがい、アデノウイルス抗原の有無を判定する。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[実施例1] 測定感度に対する抗原溶液のpHの効果
(1)精製アデノウイルス抗原を、表1に示すように、グリシン−水酸化ナトリウム緩衝液で、1.2、0.6、0.3、および0.15μg/mlの濃度に調製し、さらに、それぞれの濃度に対して、pHを、9.4、10.9、11.2、11.5、11.8、および12.2に調製し、検体とした(表1の2)。
(2)精製アデノウイルス抗原を、同様に、リン酸−水酸化ナトリウム緩衝液で、1.2、0.6、0.3、および0.15μg/mlの濃度に調製し、さらに、それぞれの濃度に対して、pHを、10.4、10.7、10.9、11.2、および12.2に調製し、検体とした(表1の3)。
(3)比較対照として、精製アデノウイルス抗原を、同様に、pH7.2のリン酸緩衝液で、1.2、0.6、0.3、および0.15μg/mlの濃度に調製し、検体とした(表1の1)。
検体は、アデノチェック(販売元:参天製薬株式会社)で測定した。測定は該キットの添付文書の方法にしたがった。すなわち、スポイトで検体を吸い込み、反応プレートの丸いウエルに全量滴下した。15〜30℃で、5分、10分、あるいは15分間反応させた後、判定した。結果は、+:陽性、−:陰性、および±:弱陽性で示した。結果を表1に示す。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003615675
【0013】
[実施例2]測定感度に対する加熱の効果
精製アデノウイルス抗原を、表2に示すように、pH7.2のリン酸緩衝液で、2.4、1.2、0.6、0.3、0.15、あるいは0.075μg/mLに調製し、検体とした。ブロックヒーターを用いて、検体チューブを40、50、60、70、あるいは80℃に加熱した。検体は、実施例1と同様に、アデノチェックで測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0003615675
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明のアデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定法によれば、従来の該方法と比較べて、高感度で該抗原を検出することができる。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a method for rapidly and highly sensitively detecting an adenovirus antigen from a sample collected from human eyes, respiratory organs, and the like, and the antigen detection kit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Adenoviruses infect the eyes, respiratory organs and digestive organs. Eye diseases include epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and acute follicular conjunctivitis. Respiratory diseases include pneumonia and bronchitis. It is known to cause flames. Adenovirus conjunctivitis rarely leads to blindness, but due to its strong infectivity, it has become a major social problem due to outbreaks in schools and workplaces and hospital infections in hospitals. However, an effective treatment method for adenovirus infection has not been established yet, and symptomatic treatment is mainly used.
In this way, since there is no effective treatment method for adenovirus infection, it is necessary to promptly detect adenovirus antigens, diagnose the presence or absence of adenovirus infection, and take preventive measures to prevent the epidemic in advance. It is an urgent issue.
As kits for detecting adenovirus antigens quickly and easily, "Adenoclon R " (distributor: Torre Fujibionics), "Adenock" (distributor: Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), etc. have been developed. It is used for diagnosis of virus infection. In these kits, an object is extracted from a buffer solution at room temperature having a substantially neutral pH, and the antigen is measured using the kit. However, the measurement sensitivity [detection (measurement) limit ( detection limit) or detectability] is not yet satisfactory.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to detect adenovirus antigens with high sensitivity.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have determined that the pH value of the adenovirus antigen extraction solution is in the vicinity of the neutrality that is normally set in the immunological measurement of the adenovirus antigen. By setting the pH value to be substantially deviated from the pH side to the alkali side, or by heating the antigen extract, the pH value of the antigen extract is set to the alkali side, and the It was found that the antigen can be measured with higher sensitivity than the conventional method by heating the antigen extract, and the present invention has been completed.
[0005]
That is, the present invention
(1) In the immunoassay for adenovirus antigen, a method for detecting an adenovirus antigen, characterized in that the pH of the antigen extract is set to 10 or higher and / or the temperature is heated to 60 ° C. or higher.
(2) The adenovirus antigen detection method according to (1), wherein the pH of the antigen extract is set to 10 or more and 11.5 or less,
(3) The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to (1), wherein the temperature of the antigen extract is heated to 60 to 80 ° C.,
(4) The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to (1), wherein the antigen extract is a phosphate buffer;
(5) The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to (1), wherein the immunological assay is based on an adenovirus antigen detection kit,
(6) In an immunological assay for adenovirus antigen, the pH of the antigen extract is set to 10 or higher and / or the temperature is heated to 60 ° C. or higher,
(7) The adenovirus antigen detection kit according to (6), wherein the pH of the antigen extract is set to 10 or more and 11.5 or less,
(8) The adenovirus antigen detection kit according to (6), wherein the temperature of the antigen extract is heated to 60 to 80 ° C.
About.
[0006]
Here, the antigen extract is preferably a buffer. The optimum range for the measurement sensitivity of the pH of the extract varies slightly depending on the type of buffer. For example, referring to Table 1 (measured by adenocheck), in the case of a phosphate buffer (3 in Table 1), by setting the pH value to 10.7 to 10.9, 0.6 μg / ml Adenovirus antigen was detected and 0.3 μg / ml of the antigen was detected as weakly positive, whereas the control (1 in Table 1) detected 1.2 μg / ml of the antigen as weakly positive. It is only detecting. If the pH value is made wider and set to 10.4 to 11.2, 0.6 μg / ml of the antigen is detected. In the case of glycine buffer (2 in Table 1), by setting the pH value to 10.9 to 11.2, 0.6 μg / ml of the antigen is detected and 0.3 μg / ml of the antigen is weakened. It is detected as positive. That is, the adenovirus antigen can be detected with higher sensitivity by setting the pH value of the buffer to approximately 10 to 11.5. The pH may be adjusted before the antigen extraction, during the antigen extraction, or after the antigen extraction.
[0007]
Regarding the heating temperature of the buffer solution, referring to Table 2, when a buffer solution of 60 ° C. or higher is used during antigen extraction, 0.3 μg / ml antigen is detected and 0.15 μg / ml antigen is weakly positive. In contrast, the control (untreated) detects 2.4 μg / ml of antigen and only 1.2 μg / ml of antigen as weakly positive. That is, the adenovirus antigen can be measured with higher sensitivity by using a buffer solution heated to 60 ° C. or higher as the antigen extract. The heating treatment may be performed before antigen extraction, during antigen extraction, or after antigen extraction.
Further, even when the pH of the buffer solution is set to the alkali side as described above, and heat treatment is performed, high-sensitivity measurement can be similarly performed.
[0008]
The mechanism that improves the measurement sensitivity in this way by subjecting the adenovirus antigen to a treatment with a high alkali side pH or a heat treatment that is not considered from conventional common sense is not clear at present. The present inventors presume that the antigen protein has been denatured (change in the three-dimensional structure) by these treatments, and this degeneration is considered to contribute to the improvement of measurement sensitivity. . Therefore, in addition to the above treatments, treatments that denature proteins, such as increasing ionic strength, are also encompassed by the present invention.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As an immunological assay method for adenovirus antigens of the present invention, for example, an adenovirus antigen detection kit (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-171019) is preferably used. A commercially available kit (for example, Adenocheck or Adenocron R 1 ) can also be used.
Here, the case where adeno check is used will be described. First, a swab is used to scrape as much epithelium as possible from the keratoconjunctiva, pharynx, etc. to obtain a specimen to be subjected to adenovirus antigen detection. Next, the swab to which the specimen is attached is put into a phosphate buffer solution (pH 10.7) in the tube and rubbed against the inner wall of the tube to sufficiently extract the specimen into the buffer solution.
Here, as the tube, a tube made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, polystyrene, or polypropylene is usually used. The capacity of the tube is, for example, about 1.5 ml. The buffer volume is about 0.5 ml.
[0010]
As the buffer solution, in addition to the above-described phosphate buffer solution, a glycine buffer solution, a borate buffer solution, and the like can also be used. However, these are examples, and the present invention is not limited to these buffer solutions.
After the sample extracted into the buffer is mixed well, the presence or absence of an adenovirus antigen is determined using an adenovirus detection kit such as “adenocheck” or “adenoclone” according to the protocol attached to the kit.
[0011]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Example 1] Effect of pH of antigen solution on measurement sensitivity (1) As shown in Table 1, purified adenovirus antigens were washed with glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer, 1.2, 0.6, 0.3. , And 0.15 μg / ml, and for each concentration, the pH is 9.4, 10.9, 11.2, 11.5, 11.8, and 12.2. A sample was prepared (2 in Table 1).
(2) Purified adenovirus antigens were similarly prepared with phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer to concentrations of 1.2, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.15 μg / ml, and each The pH was adjusted to 10.4, 10.7, 10.9, 11.2, and 12.2 with respect to the concentration, and used as a specimen (3 in Table 1).
(3) As a comparative control, purified adenovirus antigens were similarly prepared with phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 to concentrations of 1.2, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.15 μg / ml, A sample was prepared (1 in Table 1).
The specimen was measured with an adenocheck (distributor: Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). The measurement was performed according to the method described in the package insert of the kit. That is, the specimen was sucked with a dropper and dropped in the whole well of the reaction plate. Determination was made after reacting at 15 to 30 ° C. for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, or 15 minutes. The results were shown as +: positive, −: negative, and ±: weakly positive. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003615675
[0013]
[Example 2] Effect of heating on measurement sensitivity As shown in Table 2, purified adenovirus antigens were mixed with phosphate buffer at pH 7.2, 2.4, 1.2, 0.6, 0.3, The sample was prepared to 0.15 or 0.075 μg / mL. The sample tube was heated to 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 ° C. using a block heater. The specimen was measured by adeno check as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0014]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003615675
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the immunological assay method for adenovirus antigens of the present invention, the antigen can be detected with higher sensitivity than the conventional method.

Claims (5)

アデノウイルス抗原の免疫学的測定法において、アデノウイルス抗原検出の対象となる検体を含む緩衝液であって、界面活性剤を含まない緩衝液のpHを10以上に設定し及び/又は温度を60℃以上に加熱することを特徴とするアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法。In the immunoassay for adenovirus antigen, a buffer solution containing a sample to be detected for adenovirus antigen, the buffer solution containing no surfactant is set to pH 10 or higher and / or the temperature is set to 60. A method for detecting an adenovirus antigen, characterized by heating to a temperature of at least ° C. アデノウイルス抗原検出の対象となる検体を含む緩衝液のpHを10以上かつ11.5以下に設定する請求項1に記載のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法。The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to claim 1, wherein the pH of a buffer solution containing a specimen to be detected for adenovirus antigen is set to 10 or more and 11.5 or less. アデノウイルス抗原検出の対象となる検体を含む緩衝液の温度を60〜80℃に加熱する請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法。The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the temperature of a buffer solution containing a sample to be detected for adenovirus antigen is heated to 60 to 80 ° C. アデノウイルス抗原検出の対象となる検体を含む緩衝液がリン酸緩衝液である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法。The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the buffer solution containing a sample to be detected for adenovirus antigen is a phosphate buffer solution. 該免疫学的測定法が、アデノウイルス抗原検出キットによるものである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のアデノウイルス抗原の検出方法。The method for detecting an adenovirus antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the immunological assay is performed by an adenovirus antigen detection kit.
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