JP3615322B2 - Sealed battery - Google Patents

Sealed battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3615322B2
JP3615322B2 JP25836296A JP25836296A JP3615322B2 JP 3615322 B2 JP3615322 B2 JP 3615322B2 JP 25836296 A JP25836296 A JP 25836296A JP 25836296 A JP25836296 A JP 25836296A JP 3615322 B2 JP3615322 B2 JP 3615322B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
valve
valve body
sealing plate
sealed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP25836296A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10106523A (en
Inventor
伸一 竹内
敬 米村
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317Re-sealable arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H01M50/333Spring-loaded vent valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、密閉型電池の構造に関し、更に詳しくは電池の安全弁機構の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
密閉型電池、特に密閉型ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池においては、電池を過充電又は過放電した場合には、電池内部で酸素ガスや水素ガスが異常発生することがある。このためこの種の電池では、ガスの異常発生により電池内圧が所定圧(しきい値)を超えたときガスを電池外に放出し、このガス放出によって電池内圧が低下したときには、再び電池が密閉化される復帰方式の安全弁機構が組み込まれている。このような復帰方式の安全弁機構は、しきい値圧力と付勢部材の押圧力とをバランスさせ、電池内圧が定常状態のときには、スプリング等で付勢された弾性弁体を封口板に密着させて封口板に設けられた弁孔を塞ぎ、他方、電池内圧がしきい値を超えた場合には、弾性弁体と弁孔との間に隙間を形成してガスを電池外に排出する構造になっている。
【0003】
しかし、この種の従来の安全弁機構は、電池内圧が予想を超えて急激に上昇した場合における安全性に問題を有していた。即ち、電池内圧が安全弁のガス排出能力を超える程急激かつ異常に上昇した場合には、安全弁は作動するものの、一時的に電池外装缶と封口板からなる電池ケースが電池内圧に耐えられなくなり、電池外装缶の底部または封口板が外方に突出して変形することがある。また、このように電池内圧が急激かつ異常に上昇する場合には、電池温度も上昇していることが多く、この温度上昇により電池内容物、例えばナイロン(セパレータ素材)などが溶融することがあり、安全弁が作動して弾性弁体と封口板との間に隙間が形成されても、この隙間に前記溶融物が付着して、安全弁のガス排出能力を低下させることがある。よって、従来の電池では、安全性が十分に確保されているとは言えなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記問題点を解消するためになされたものであり、急激に電池内圧が高まった場合であっても、確実に電池内のガスを逃がすことのできる安全弁機構を案出し、もって安全性に優れた密閉型電池を提供しようとするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、請求項1記載の発明は次の構成を有する。開口を有する有底筒状の電池外装缶と、前記開口を封口する封口板(2)と、封口板(2)に設けられた弁孔(2a)を覆うようにして封口板(2)上に配置される、ガス放出孔(1a)を有する電池キャップ(1)とを備え、かつ封口板(2)と電池キャップ(1)とで形成される空間内に復帰式の安全弁機構が収納された密閉型電池において、前記安全弁機構は、弁孔(2a)を開閉するための弁体(3)と、弁体(3)に対し弁孔(2a)を閉塞する方向に付勢力を及ぼす付勢部材(4)とを有し、かつ、電池キャップ(1)の内側には、付勢部材の底面に係合して付勢部材を支える突起部が設けられ、当該突起部は、電池内圧が所定値以下のときには、付勢部材(4)が第1の位置で弁体(3)を付勢し、電池内圧が所定値を超えたときには係合が外れて、付勢部材(4)が前記第1の位置における場合よりも弱い力で弁体(3)を付勢する第2の位置への移動を可能とする形状に形成されている。
【0006】
上記構成であると、電池内でのガスの発生量が通常予想される範囲にあるときには、付勢部材が第1の位置にあって弁孔の開放を制御する。一方、電池内圧が異常かつ急激に上昇したときには、瞬間的に大きな応力が弁体を介して付勢部材に加わり、この力によって突起部と付勢部材との係合が外れる結果、付勢部材が第2の位置に移動する。そして、このように付勢部材が第2の位置に移動すると、弾性弁体が封口板を押圧する付勢力が弱まるため、付勢部材が第1の位置にあったときよりも電池内部のガスを放出する能力が向上して、電池内で異常かつ急激に発生したガスをスムーズに電池外部に放出することができる。また、上記急激な電池内圧の上昇が電池の温度上昇と共に生じて電池内容物が溶融し、その溶融物が弾性弁体と封口板との間の隙間に付着しても、前記付勢部材の付勢力の低下により、安全弁作動時における弾性弁体と封口板との間の隙間が従来の安全弁よりも大きくなるため、電池内部のガスを容易に放出することが可能である。
【0007】
請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の密閉型電池において、前記突起部が、電池キャップの周壁を内側に突出させて形成したものであることを特徴とする。この構成であると、突起部を形成するための部材を必要としないので、低コストでもって安全性の高い密閉型電池と成すことができる。
【0008】
請求項3記載の発明は、請求項1又は2記載の密閉型電池において、前記付勢部材がコイルバネであることを特徴とする。
弾力性に優れたコイルバネを使用するこの構成であると、突起部で係合させ易いと共に、コイルバネが第2の位置に移動した場合であっても、優れた弾力性によって弁孔の開閉が好適に制御される。よって、本発明の効果が一層有効に発揮される。
【0009】
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項1又は2記載の密閉型電池において、前記付勢部材(4)及び弁体(3)が、弁体一体型弾性体(9)に置換されたことを特徴とする。
この構成であると、部品数が少なくなるので、安全弁機構の構造を単純化でき、その分コストの低減が図れる。
【0010】
【実施の形態】
本発明密閉型電池の第一の態様を図1〜図3に示し、第二の態様を図4に示す。これらの図に基づいて本発明の実施の形態を説明する。なお、図1は全体構造を示す断面図、図2〜図4は、本発明の要部を示す部分断面図である。
【0011】
本発明の第一の態様にかかる密閉型電池は、付勢部材としてコイルバネを用いたものである。以下、ニッケル−カドミウム二次電池を具体例として図1〜図3を参照しながら第一の態様にかかる電池構造を説明する。この電池は、ニッケルを主体とする正極(図示せず)とカドミウムを主体とする負極(図示せず)と、これら両極間に介装されるセパレータ(図示せず)とを巻回して成る発電要素8が、負極端子を兼用する有底筒状の外装缶7内に内装されている。外装缶7の開口縁には封口板2が固定されており、より詳細には、リング状の絶縁ガスケット6を介して外装缶7の開口縁に封口板2がカシメ固定されている。封口板2の中央部には電池内で発生したガスを逃がすための弁孔2a(ガス排出孔)が設けられており、この弁孔2aを覆うようにして正極端子を兼ねる有底筒状の電池キャップ1が、封口板に固定されている。
【0012】
電池キャップ1にはガスを電池外に排出するガス放出孔1aが設けられ、電池キャップ1と封口板2とで形成される空間内には、電池内圧が高まったときに作動する安全弁機構が組み込まれている。この安全弁機構の詳細は次の通りである。封口板2の発電要素8と反対側面には、封口板2に設けられた弁孔2aを閉塞するための弁体3が配置されている。この弁体3は、鉄板等にゴムなどの弾性体を張り付けたものであり、弾性体側が弁孔2aとなるように配置され、コイルバネ4A(付勢部材4)により、弁孔2aを閉塞する方向に付勢されている。
【0013】
また、電池キャップ1には、壁面を内側に突出させてなる突起部5が形成されており、この突起部5にコイルバネ4Aの底面が係合されている(第1の位置)。コイルバネ4Aは、電池内圧が所定値以下の場合においては、この第1の位置に位置し、ここから弁体3に付勢力を及ぼす。図2にコイルバネが第1の位置にある場合における安全弁機構の形状を示す。
【0014】
他方、電池内圧が急激かつ異常に上昇した場合においては、コイルバネ4Aと突起部5との係合が外れて、コイルバネは弁体3に対する付勢力が弱まる第2の位置に移動する。この状態を図3に示す。なお、図2、3では第2の位置を電池キャップの底面としたが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、突起部5と電池キャップ底面との間に、もう一つ突起部を設けてもよい。
【0015】
ここで、上記所定値とは、予め設定された圧力値P以下の場合をいい、この圧力値Pは電池の安全性を考慮して任意に設定できる。この圧力値Pを超えて電池内圧が高まったとき前記係合が外れるようにするには、例えば突起の形状や突出し度合いを適当に変化させ、コイルバネ4Aと突起部5との係合程度を調節する。また、例えばコイルバネ4Aの弾性力を調節等することにより、所望の放出ガス圧(しきい値)未満のときには、弁孔が閉塞され、しきい値から前記圧力値Pまでのガス圧の場合においては、コイルバネが第1の位置にあって弁孔を開放するようにする。
【0016】
ところで、図1〜図3では、付勢部材としてコイルバネを用いたが、付勢部材はコイルバネに限定されるものではない、例えば「く」の字形状の板バネ、或いは弾性ゴムからなるものであってもよい。また、図1〜図3では、弁体として、鉄板等にゴムなどの弾性体を張り付けた2層構造の板状物を用いたが、これに限られるものでない。弁体は、付勢部材との関係において弁孔を開閉できる形状・材質のものであればよく、例えば金属や樹脂などからなるボール状のものであってもよい。更に、突起部は、電池キャップの内周を一周するように形成してもよく、或いは内周の数カ所に不連続的に形成してもよい。また、突起部を有する他の部材を電池キャップ内に新たに配置する方法であってもよい。なお、突起部を不連続的に形成する場合には、好ましくは周方向のほぼ均等な3箇所に形成するのがよい。
【0017】
本発明のもう一つの態様を、図4に示す。この態様では、付勢部材と弁体とを一体化したゴム弾性体9A(弁体一体型弾性体9)が使用されている。このゴム弾性体9Aは、弁孔を閉塞する弁体の機能と、弁孔を開閉するための付勢力とを自らが兼ね備えている。このような弁体一体型弾性体であっても、上述と同様な作用効果が得られる。なお、図4では、弁体一体型弾性体として、ゴムからなる弾性体を用いたが、ゴムに代えて他の弾性体を使用できることは勿論である。
【0018】
なお、上記では電池キャップ1を正極外部端子とし、電池外装缶7を負極外部端子としたが、この逆であってもよい。また、上記では密閉型ニッケル−カドミウム二次電池を具体例としたが、例えばLiNiO、LiCoO等の正極活物質を主体とする正極と、リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な炭素材料や、金属リチウム等を主体とする負極と、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン製の微多孔膜から成るセパレータとから構成される非水電解液蓄電池、ニッケルを主体とする正極と、水素吸蔵合金を主体とする負極と、ナイロン不織布から成るセパレータとから構成される金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池等にも本発明が好適に適用できる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、電池内圧が急激かつ異常に上昇した場合であっても2段階に安全弁機構が動作して、電池内容物の噴出によって狭められたガス逃げ道を拡大するように作用する。よって、本発明によれば、密閉型電池の安全性が飛躍的に向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第一の態様にかかる密閉型蓄電池の断面図である。
【図2】電池内圧が所定値以下である場合における付勢部材の位置(第1の位置)を示す部分断面図である。
【図3】電池内圧が所定値を超えた場合における付勢部材の位置(第2の位置)を示す部分断面図である。
【図4】第二の態様における本発明密閉型電池の主要部の部分断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 電池キャップ
1a ガス放出孔
2 封口板
2a 弁孔
3 弁体
4 付勢部材
4A コイルバネ(付勢部材)
5 突起部
6 絶縁ガスケット
7 電池外装缶
8 発電要素
9 弁体一体型弾性体
9A ゴム弾性体(弁体一体型弾性体)
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structure of a sealed battery, and more particularly to an improvement of a safety valve mechanism of a battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a sealed battery, particularly a sealed nickel-cadmium storage battery, when the battery is overcharged or overdischarged, oxygen gas or hydrogen gas may be abnormally generated inside the battery. For this reason, in this type of battery, when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined pressure (threshold) due to the occurrence of a gas abnormality, the gas is released to the outside of the battery. When the internal pressure of the battery decreases due to this gas release, the battery is sealed again. A return type safety valve mechanism is incorporated. Such a return type safety valve mechanism balances the threshold pressure and the pressing force of the urging member, and when the battery internal pressure is in a steady state, the elastic valve element urged by a spring or the like is brought into close contact with the sealing plate. The valve hole provided in the sealing plate is closed, and on the other hand, when the battery internal pressure exceeds the threshold value, a gap is formed between the elastic valve body and the valve hole to discharge the gas outside the battery. It has become.
[0003]
However, this type of conventional safety valve mechanism has a problem in safety when the internal pressure of the battery rises more rapidly than expected. That is, when the battery internal pressure rises suddenly and abnormally so as to exceed the gas discharge capacity of the safety valve, the safety valve operates, but the battery case consisting of the battery outer can and the sealing plate temporarily cannot withstand the battery internal pressure, The bottom of the battery outer can or the sealing plate may protrude outward and be deformed. In addition, when the internal pressure of the battery rises suddenly and abnormally in this way, the battery temperature often rises, and the battery contents such as nylon (separator material) may be melted by this temperature rise. Even when the safety valve is activated and a gap is formed between the elastic valve body and the sealing plate, the melt may adhere to the gap and reduce the gas discharge capacity of the safety valve. Therefore, it cannot be said that the safety of the conventional battery is sufficiently secured.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and even when the internal pressure of the battery suddenly increases, a safety valve mechanism that can surely release the gas in the battery has been devised, thereby ensuring safety. An object of the present invention is to provide a sealed battery having excellent properties.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 has the following configuration. On the sealing plate (2) so as to cover the bottomed cylindrical battery outer can having an opening, the sealing plate (2) for sealing the opening, and the valve hole (2a) provided in the sealing plate (2) And a battery cap (1) having a gas discharge hole (1a), and a resettable safety valve mechanism is housed in a space formed by the sealing plate (2) and the battery cap (1). In the sealed battery, the safety valve mechanism includes a valve body (3) for opening and closing the valve hole (2a), and a biasing force applied to the valve body (3) in a direction to close the valve hole (2a). And a protrusion that engages the bottom surface of the urging member and supports the urging member is provided on the inner side of the battery cap (1). Is less than a predetermined value, the urging member (4) urges the valve body (3) at the first position, and the battery internal pressure exceeds the predetermined value. In such a shape, the engagement is disengaged and the biasing member (4) can move to the second position for biasing the valve body (3) with a weaker force than in the first position. Is formed.
[0006]
With the above configuration, when the amount of gas generated in the battery is in a normally expected range, the biasing member is in the first position to control the opening of the valve hole. On the other hand, when the battery internal pressure rises abnormally and suddenly, a large stress is momentarily applied to the biasing member via the valve body, and this force disengages the protrusion from the biasing member. Moves to the second position. When the biasing member moves to the second position in this way, the biasing force with which the elastic valve body presses the sealing plate is weakened, so that the gas inside the battery is more than when the biasing member is at the first position. As a result, the gas generated abnormally and rapidly in the battery can be smoothly discharged to the outside of the battery. In addition, even if the sudden increase in battery internal pressure occurs as the battery temperature rises and the battery contents melt, and the melt adheres to the gap between the elastic valve body and the sealing plate, Since the gap between the elastic valve body and the sealing plate at the time of operating the safety valve becomes larger than that of the conventional safety valve due to the decrease in the urging force, the gas inside the battery can be easily released.
[0007]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the sealed battery according to the first aspect, the protrusion is formed by projecting the peripheral wall of the battery cap inward. With this configuration, a member for forming the protrusion is not required, so that a sealed battery with high safety can be achieved at low cost.
[0008]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the sealed battery according to the first or second aspect, the urging member is a coil spring.
With this configuration using a coil spring with excellent elasticity, it is easy to engage with the protrusion, and even when the coil spring moves to the second position, opening and closing of the valve hole is suitable due to excellent elasticity Controlled. Therefore, the effect of the present invention is more effectively exhibited.
[0009]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the sealed battery according to the first or second aspect, the urging member (4) and the valve body (3) are replaced with a valve body integrated elastic body (9). Features.
With this configuration, since the number of parts is reduced, the structure of the safety valve mechanism can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0010]
Embodiment
The 1st aspect of this invention sealed battery is shown in FIGS. 1-3, and the 2nd aspect is shown in FIG. Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to these drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are partial cross-sectional views showing the main parts of the present invention.
[0011]
The sealed battery according to the first aspect of the present invention uses a coil spring as a biasing member. Hereinafter, the battery structure according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 by taking a nickel-cadmium secondary battery as a specific example. This battery comprises a positive electrode (not shown) mainly made of nickel, a negative electrode (not shown) mainly made of cadmium, and a separator (not shown) interposed between the two electrodes. The element 8 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 7 that also serves as a negative electrode terminal. The sealing plate 2 is fixed to the opening edge of the outer can 7, and more specifically, the sealing plate 2 is caulked and fixed to the opening edge of the outer can 7 via the ring-shaped insulating gasket 6. A valve hole 2a (gas discharge hole) for releasing the gas generated in the battery is provided at the center of the sealing plate 2, and a bottomed cylindrical shape that also serves as a positive electrode terminal so as to cover the valve hole 2a. The battery cap 1 is fixed to the sealing plate.
[0012]
The battery cap 1 is provided with a gas discharge hole 1a for discharging gas out of the battery, and a safety valve mechanism that operates when the battery internal pressure increases is incorporated in the space formed by the battery cap 1 and the sealing plate 2. It is. The details of this safety valve mechanism are as follows. A valve body 3 for closing a valve hole 2 a provided in the sealing plate 2 is disposed on the side surface of the sealing plate 2 opposite to the power generation element 8. The valve body 3 is formed by attaching an elastic body such as rubber to an iron plate or the like. The valve body 3 is disposed so that the elastic body side becomes the valve hole 2a, and the valve hole 2a is closed by the coil spring 4A (biasing member 4). Is biased in the direction.
[0013]
Further, the battery cap 1 is formed with a protrusion 5 having a wall surface protruding inward, and the bottom surface of the coil spring 4A is engaged with the protrusion 5 (first position). The coil spring 4A is located at the first position when the battery internal pressure is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, and exerts a biasing force on the valve body 3 from here. FIG. 2 shows the shape of the safety valve mechanism when the coil spring is in the first position.
[0014]
On the other hand, when the battery internal pressure suddenly and abnormally rises, the coil spring 4A and the projection 5 are disengaged, and the coil spring moves to the second position where the urging force against the valve body 3 is weakened. This state is shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the second position is the bottom surface of the battery cap, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, another protrusion may be provided between the protrusion 5 and the battery cap bottom surface.
[0015]
Here, the predetermined value refers to the case of a preset pressure value P 1 or less, the pressure value P 1 can be arbitrarily set in consideration of the safety of the battery. To the engagement is disengaged when the increased internal pressure of the battery exceeds the pressure value P 1 is, for example suitably changing the shape and protruding degree of the projections, the degree of engagement of the coil spring 4A and the projection 5 Adjust. Furthermore, by for example adjusting such an elastic force of the coil spring 4A, when less than the desired discharge gas pressure (threshold), the valve hole is closed, when the gas pressure from the threshold to the pressure value P 1 The coil spring is in the first position so as to open the valve hole.
[0016]
By the way, although the coil spring is used as the biasing member in FIGS. 1 to 3, the biasing member is not limited to the coil spring, and is made of, for example, a “<”-shaped plate spring or elastic rubber. There may be. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, a two-layered plate-like material in which an elastic body such as rubber is attached to an iron plate or the like is used as the valve body, but is not limited thereto. The valve body may be of any shape and material that can open and close the valve hole in relation to the urging member. For example, the valve body may be a ball made of metal or resin. Furthermore, the protrusions may be formed so as to go around the inner periphery of the battery cap, or may be formed discontinuously at several locations on the inner periphery. Moreover, the method of newly arrange | positioning the other member which has a projection part in a battery cap may be sufficient. In addition, when forming a projection part discontinuously, it is preferable to form in the substantially equal three places of the circumferential direction.
[0017]
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, a rubber elastic body 9A (valve integrated elastic body 9) in which the urging member and the valve body are integrated is used. The rubber elastic body 9A has both a function of a valve body for closing the valve hole and an urging force for opening and closing the valve hole. Even with such a valve body-integrated elastic body, the same effects as described above can be obtained. In FIG. 4, an elastic body made of rubber is used as the valve body-integrated elastic body, but other elastic bodies can be used instead of rubber.
[0018]
In the above description, the battery cap 1 is a positive external terminal and the battery outer can 7 is a negative external terminal. In the above, a sealed nickel-cadmium secondary battery is taken as a specific example. However, for example, a positive electrode mainly composed of a positive electrode active material such as LiNiO 2 and LiCoO 2 , a carbon material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, metallic lithium, etc. A non-aqueous electrolyte storage battery composed of a negative electrode mainly composed of a separator made of a microporous membrane made of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a positive electrode mainly composed of nickel, and a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, The present invention can also be suitably applied to a metal-hydrogen-alkaline battery that is composed of a separator made of a nylon nonwoven fabric.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when the internal pressure of the battery suddenly and abnormally increases, the safety valve mechanism operates in two stages to expand the gas escape path narrowed by the ejection of the battery contents. Act on. Therefore, according to the present invention, the safety of the sealed battery is dramatically improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sealed storage battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a position (first position) of an urging member when a battery internal pressure is a predetermined value or less.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the position (second position) of the urging member when the battery internal pressure exceeds a predetermined value.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the main part of the sealed battery of the present invention in a second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery cap 1a Gas discharge hole 2 Sealing plate 2a Valve hole 3 Valve body 4 Energizing member 4A Coil spring (urging member)
5 Protrusion 6 Insulating gasket 7 Battery outer can 8 Power generation element 9 Valve body integrated elastic body 9A Rubber elastic body (valve body integrated elastic body)

Claims (4)

開口を有する有底筒状の電池外装缶と、前記開口を封口する封口板(2)と、封口板(2)に設けられた弁孔(2a)を覆うようにして封口板(2)上に配置される、ガス放出孔(1a)を有する電池キャップ(1)とを備え、かつ封口板(2)と電池キャップ(1)とで形成される空間内に復帰式の安全弁機構が収納された密閉型電池において、
前記安全弁機構は、弁孔(2a)を開閉するための弁体(3)と、弁体(3)に対し弁孔(2a)を閉塞する方向に付勢力を及ぼす付勢部材(4)とを有し、かつ、電池キャップ(1)の内側には、付勢部材の底面に係合して付勢部材を支える突起部が設けられ、当該突起部は、電池内圧が所定値以下のときには、付勢部材(4)が第1の位置で弁体(3)を付勢し、電池内圧が所定値を超えたときには係合が外れて、付勢部材(4)が前記第1の位置における場合よりも弱い力で弁体(3)を付勢する第2の位置への移動を可能とする形状に形成されている、ことを特徴とする密閉型電池。
On the sealing plate (2) so as to cover the bottomed cylindrical battery outer can having an opening, the sealing plate (2) for sealing the opening, and the valve hole (2a) provided in the sealing plate (2) And a battery cap (1) having a gas discharge hole (1a), and a resettable safety valve mechanism is housed in a space formed by the sealing plate (2) and the battery cap (1). In a sealed battery,
The safety valve mechanism includes a valve body (3) for opening and closing the valve hole (2a), and a biasing member (4) that exerts a biasing force on the valve body (3) in the direction of closing the valve hole (2a). And a projection that engages the bottom surface of the biasing member and supports the biasing member is provided on the inner side of the battery cap (1). The urging member (4) urges the valve body (3) at the first position. When the battery internal pressure exceeds a predetermined value, the engagement is disengaged, and the urging member (4) is moved to the first position. A sealed battery, characterized in that it is formed in a shape that enables movement to a second position for biasing the valve element (3) with a weaker force than in the case of.
前記突起部が、電池キャップの周壁を内側に突出させて形成したものである、請求項1記載の密閉型電池。The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is formed by protruding a peripheral wall of the battery cap inward. 前記付勢部材がコイルバネである、請求項1又は2記載の密閉型電池。The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring. 前記付勢部材及び弁体が、弁体一体型弾性体(9)である、請求項1又は2記載の密閉型電池。The sealed battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the urging member and the valve body are a valve body integrated elastic body (9).
JP25836296A 1996-09-30 1996-09-30 Sealed battery Expired - Fee Related JP3615322B2 (en)

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JP3615322B2 true JP3615322B2 (en) 2005-02-02

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JP3744717B2 (en) * 1999-03-30 2006-02-15 三洋電機株式会社 Sealed storage battery
JP4559567B2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2010-10-06 パナソニック株式会社 Sealed storage battery
JP4518004B2 (en) * 2005-11-10 2010-08-04 株式会社デンソー Regulating valve
JP5114004B2 (en) * 2005-12-08 2013-01-09 Fdkエナジー株式会社 Cylindrical battery
DE102019100094A1 (en) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-09 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Degassing unit and electronics housing, in particular battery housing
CN114784444B (en) * 2022-05-07 2024-04-12 山东中鸿新能源科技有限公司 Sodium ion battery protection device

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