JP3614515B2 - Anaerobic digestion treatment method of high concentration organic wastewater and treatment apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Anaerobic digestion treatment method of high concentration organic wastewater and treatment apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP3614515B2
JP3614515B2 JP15787595A JP15787595A JP3614515B2 JP 3614515 B2 JP3614515 B2 JP 3614515B2 JP 15787595 A JP15787595 A JP 15787595A JP 15787595 A JP15787595 A JP 15787595A JP 3614515 B2 JP3614515 B2 JP 3614515B2
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organic
treatment
solubilization
tank
separated
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JPH091179A (en
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進 長谷川
健治 桂
雅彦 三浦
英樹 横山
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Shinko Pantec Co Ltd
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Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing

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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、有機性汚泥、例えば、下水処理場、屎尿処理場などの下水処理プロセスから排出される生汚泥及び生物性汚泥、食品工場、化学工場などの排水処理プロセスなどから排出される有機性高濃度汚泥などの、生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための嫌気性消化処理装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来より、でんぷん工場廃液、ビール工場廃液、酸発酵廃液等の生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水を処理する場合には、メタン発酵槽にて30〜37℃の中温若しくは50〜55℃の高温に維持してメタン発酵してメタン等のガスに転換する嫌気消化する方法が知られている。この場合、メタン発酵槽としては、固定床式処理装置と上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置( 以下「UASB」と言う) が用いられている。固定床式処理装置は、ビーズなどの担体に微生物を固定して処理する装置であるのに対して、UASBは、図2に示したように、微生物の自己造粒作用を利用してグラニュールを形成させて処理する装置である。
【0003】
ところで、UASBは、微生物を大量に維持できるうえ、単位体積当たりの接触面積が大きく接触効率が良好で負荷が大きくとれるため好ましいが、有機性廃水に固形分(SS)が多量に含まれる場合には、UASBでは、グラニュールが固形物に同伴して流出してしまい、グラニュールを系内に維持できない場合がある。このために、通常は、図4に示したように、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿槽で分離した後、その上澄液をUASBに導入して処理するようにしている。しかしながら、この場合、沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液(汚泥)は、濃縮、消化、脱水、コンポスト化、焼却といった工程を経て処理されるため、このような処理に手間と費用がかかり好ましくなかった。
【0004】
このため、有機性廃水に固形分(SS)が多量に含まれる場合には、固定床式処理装置が用いられているが、固定床式処理装置では、槽内廃水線流速が極端に遅いために、沈降性の高い固形物が廃水と同伴して流出することができず、固形物が担体の間隙に捕捉されて、目詰まりを起こし、液体分の通路を塞いでしまう。この目詰まり箇所が増えるに伴って、液体分の通路が減少し、目詰まりのない箇所しか液体分が流れなくなるために、液体と担体との接触が十分に行われなくなる「液体分の短絡現象」が生じることとなる。そのため、可溶化性有機物のガス化を目的とするメタン発酵槽では、この液体分の短絡現象によって、廃水の滞留時間が短くなって処理効率が極端に低下することになる。従って、この場合には逆洗などで目詰まりを解消しているが、逆洗の期間処理を停止することとなるうえ、多大な経費を要している現状にある。このため、図5に示したように、有機性固形物含有廃水を、熱アルカリ法、酵素添加法などの物理化学的方法によって可溶化する方法も提案されてはいるが、薬品費用などが嵩んでかえってコスト高となり好ましくなかった。
【0005】
従って、本発明は、このような実情に鑑みて、生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水を処理する場合において、有機性廃水に含まれる固形分(SS)を可溶化処理することによって、接触効率が良好で負荷が大きくとれる上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)を用いて処理することが可能な高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
また、本発明は、このような実情に鑑みて、生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水を処理する場合において、有機性廃水に含まれる固形分(SS)を可溶化処理することによって、固定床式処理装置を用いて逆洗頻度が少なくて処理することが可能な高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための処理装置を提供することをも目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための処理装置は、前述した課題及び目的を達成するために発明なされたものであって、下記の(1)〜(5)をその要旨とするものである。
【0008】
(1)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離するための沈殿槽と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽とから構成し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽に導入して沈殿分離した後に、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置に導入するように構成したことを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置。
【0013】
(2)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離するための沈殿槽と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための固定床式嫌気性処理装置と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽とから構成し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽に導入して沈殿分離した後に、固定床式嫌気性処理装置に導入するように構成したことを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置。
【0014】
(3)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消処理方法であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後、分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置にて嫌気性消化処理するとともに、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を、高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽で可溶化処理した後、可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後に、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置に導入することを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。
【0019】
(4)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消処理方法であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後、分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を、固定床式嫌気性処理装置にて嫌気性消化処理するとともに、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を、高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽で可溶化処理した後、可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後に、固定床式嫌気性処理装置に導入することを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。
【0020】
(5)前記可溶化処理を、60〜80℃の温度範囲となるような条件で操作することを特徴とする前述の(3)又は(4)記載の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。
【0021】
すなわち、本発明者等が鋭意研究を行った結果、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離した後、有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)にて処理するとともに、沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で可溶化処理して、UASBに導入することにより、固形分を嫌うUASBに適用可能な水質とすることができることを知見して本発明を完成したものである。
【0022】
また、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離した後、有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための固定床式処理装置にて処理するとともに、沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で可溶化処理して、固定床式処理装置に導入することにより、目詰まりを起こす原因となり、逆洗が必要となる沈降性の高い固形分を嫌う固定床式処理装置適用可能な水質とすることができることを知見して本発明を完成したものである。
【0023】
【実施例】
本発明では、有機性汚泥、例えば、下水処理場、屎尿処理場などの下水処理プロセスから排出される生汚泥及び生物性汚泥、或いは食品工場、化学工場などの排水処理プロセスから排出されるでんぷん工場廃液、ビール工場廃液、酸発酵廃液等の有機性高濃度汚泥などの、生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水(以下「原廃水」と言う)を対象とする。
【0024】
図1に示したように、これらの原廃水貯留槽10に貯留された原廃水が、経路12を介して沈殿槽14に導入され、有機性固形物含有廃水が沈殿分離され、沈殿分離された有機性固形物の少ない上澄液Aが、経路16を介して、嫌気性消化処理するための上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)18に導入されるようになっている。この場合、UASB18としては、図2に示したようなものが使用可能であり、これにより嫌気処理された処理水Bは、放流先の基準値により必要であれば、さらに活性汚泥法などにより処理した後、下水若しくは河川などに放流されるようになっている。
【0025】
一方、沈殿槽14で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液Cは、還流経路20を介して可溶化槽24に導入され、高温条件で嫌気的若しくは好気的に有機性汚泥の可溶化が行われる。この場合、高温条件において用いられる嫌気性若しくは好気性微生物の接種菌体(好熱菌)は、例えば、従来の好気性若しくは嫌気性消化槽又は下水処理場活性汚泥余剰汚泥などから微生物を培養することによって得られるものである。また、可溶化槽24の最適温度は、好ましくは、50〜90℃の温度範囲となるような条件で操作するが、その高温処理対象である沈殿固形物濃縮液Cに含まれる有機性固形物を分解する好熱菌の種類によって異なるものであり、例えば、下水余剰汚泥から分離した好熱菌の場合には、微生物(好熱菌)による可溶化反応と熱による物理化学的な熱分解の両作用が同時に効率良く十分に生じうるように、高温条件における温度汚泥を60℃〜80℃の範囲、好ましくは70℃の範囲で操作するようにする。何れにしても、微生物(好熱菌)による可溶化反応と熱による物理化学的な熱分解の両作用が同時に効率良く十分に生じうるように、微生物の種類に応じて、50〜90℃の温度範囲となるように設定すればよい。
【0026】
さらに、可溶化槽24で好気的に微生物分解をするための装置として、従来の散気装置を具備してなるもの、嫌気性で微生物分解をするための装置としては、(1)槽内の液を循環することにより撹拌する方法、(2)生成ガスを循環曝気することにより撹拌する方法、(3)撹拌翼などの撹拌機を設置する方法、(4)活性微生物固定手段を有するなど、活性微生物と処理対象汚泥とを効率的に接触させる手段を具備したものであれば使用可能である。なお、この場合、反応槽としては、バッチ式でも、連続方式の何れも使用可能である。
【0027】
このように、可溶化槽24で可溶化した可溶化処理液Dは、経路26を介して、還流経路20に設けられた熱交換器28を経由し、経路30を介して、経路12に合流されて有機性固形物含有廃水とともに沈殿槽14に導入して沈殿分離され、前述したように処理サイクルが繰り返されるようになっている。なお、熱交換器28では、沈殿槽14で沈殿分離した沈殿固形物濃縮液Cを、可溶化槽24で可溶化された可溶化処理液Dで加温することにより、熱損失を極力抑えるようになっている。また、可溶化槽24で可溶化した可溶化処理液Dは、UASB18によって再負荷できるように固形分(SS)が3000ppm 以下となっている。
【0028】
さらに、UASB18において発生したメタンガスEは、経路32を介してメタンガス燃焼装置34に導入され、メタンガス燃焼装置34においてメタンガスの燃焼により生じた熱が、加温経路36を介して可溶化槽24を加温するように構成されている。
【0029】
この場合、メタンガス燃焼装置34としては特に限定されるものではなく、通常のガスバーナーを具備した自然通風式炉内燃焼型燃焼塔などの燃焼装置が使用可能である。このように、可溶化槽24での放熱分のエネルギーが、UASB18での嫌気処理によって発生する余剰メタンの燃焼によって補充されることになるので、エネルギー的にも非常に効率が良い。
【0030】
また、沈殿槽14で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液(汚泥)の一部は、系内に生物難分解性固形物又は無機性固形物が蓄積しないように、経路15を介して適宜排出され、濃縮、脱水処理が行われ、廃棄するようになっている。この場合、排出される汚泥は、高温槽である可溶化槽24を通過しているために、溶存ガスが少なく沈降性の優れた汚泥であるので、濃縮脱水処理が容易である。
【0031】
図3は、本発明の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための嫌気性消化処理装置の第2の実施例の概略を示す図である。
【0032】
本実施例は、基本的には前述した第1の実施例と同様な構成であり、同じ構成部材には同一の参照番号を示している。第1の実施例と相違するとところは、第1の実施例において可溶化槽24で可溶化した可溶化処理液Dを、経路26を介して、還流経路20に設けられた熱交換器28を経由し、経路30を介して、経路12に合流されて有機性固形物含有廃水とともに沈殿槽14に導入して沈殿分離された後に、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)18に導入する代わりに、本実施例では、可溶化処理液Dを直接、経路30’ を介して、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)18に導入するようにした点が相違する。すなわち、可溶化槽24で可溶化が十分に行わる場合には、沈殿分離の必要がないためである。
【0033】
なお、上述した第1及び第2の実施例では、嫌気性消化処理装置として、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)18を用いたが、固定床式処理装置を用いることが可能であり、その場合、目詰まりを起こす沈降性の高い固形物が流入することがないので、逆洗頻度が少なくてすみ、操業効率が上昇可能である。
【0034】
実施例1
内径100mm 、高さ1mの耐熱塩化ビニル製の熱媒を循環させるジャケット方式の円筒型反応槽を用いて、温度70℃、通気量0.1vvm、反応液量4Lで運転した。処理廃液は、でんぷん工場廃水を30分沈殿分離した沈殿物(沈殿率SV30=10%、固形物濃度SS=1.3 %、揮発性有機物質含有割合VSS/SS=98%)を用い、2日毎に種汚泥0.8Lに対して沈殿固形物3.2Lを添加した。2.5 日の滞留時間で、約60%の不溶性でんぷん固形物が可溶化された。なお、30分沈殿の上澄み液中にもかなりの固形物(SS として2300ppm)が残留するが、これらは粒子径が小さく、長時間静置してもほとんど沈降することなく、固定床処理装置において目詰まりの原因となる可能性はきわめて少ないものであった
一方、従来法との比較を下記の表1に示した。表1の結果から明らかなように、本発明のように、好熱菌によって可溶化処理を行った方が、固定床処理装置において目詰まりの原因となる即沈降性固形物の割合を1/2以下に減ずることができることが判明した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003614515
【0036】
【発明の作用・効果】
本発明の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための処理装置によれば、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離した後、有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)又は固定床式処理装置などの嫌気性処理装置にて処理するとともに、沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で可溶化処理して、これを有機性固形物含有廃水とともに沈殿分離して、嫌気性処理装置に導入するように構成したので、以下のような顕著で特有な作用効果を奏する極めて優れた発明である。
【0037】
(1)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水を処理する場合において、処理すべき有機性廃水中の固形分(SS)が可溶化され少量になり、UASBでも、グラニュールが固形物に同伴して流出することがなく、グラニュールを系内に維持でき、接触効率が良好で負荷が大きくとれる上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)を用いて処理することが可能である。
【0038】
(2)沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液(汚泥)は、高温槽である可溶化槽を通過しているために、溶存ガスが少なく沈降性の優れた汚泥であるので、濃縮、脱水処理が容易で、コスト低減などが図れる。
【0039】
(3)生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水を処理する場合において、処理すべき有機性廃水中の固形分が、目詰まりを起こす原因となる沈降性の高い固形分がほとんど含まれないので、目詰まりによる液体分の短絡現象が生じることがなく、そのため、逆洗などの操作が不要となり、処理効率が低下することがない。
【0040】
(4)沈殿槽で沈殿分離した沈殿固形物濃縮液を可溶化槽で可溶化された可溶化処理液で加温するための熱交換器を、沈殿槽から可溶化槽に至る還流経路に設けた構成のものでは、熱損失を極力抑えることが可能である。
【0041】
(5)嫌気性処理装置で発生したメタンガスを燃焼するためのメタンガス燃焼装置を設けるとともに、該メタンガス燃焼装置により生じた熱によって、可溶化槽を加温するための加温経路を設けた可溶化槽での放熱分のエネルギーが、UASBでの嫌気処理によって発生する余剰メタンの燃焼によって補充されることになるので、エネルギー的にも非常に効率が良い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための嫌気性消化処理装置の実施例の概略を示す図である。
【図2】図2は、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)の概略図である。
【図3】図3は、本発明の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法及びそのための嫌気性消化処理装置の第2の実施例の概略を示す図である。
【図4】図4は、従来の上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)の使用状態を示す概略図である。
【図5】図5は、従来の固定床式処理装置の使用状態を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
10・・・ 原廃水貯留槽
14・・・ 沈殿槽
18・・・ 上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置(UASB)
20・・・ 還流経路
24・・・ 可溶化槽
28・・・ 熱交換器
34・・・ メタンガス燃焼装置
A・・・ 上澄液
B・・・ 処理水
C・・・ 沈殿固形物濃縮液
D・・・ 可溶化処理液[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to organic sludge, for example, raw sludge discharged from sewage treatment processes such as sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment plants, biological sludge, organic waste discharged from wastewater treatment processes such as food factories and chemical factories. The present invention relates to an anaerobic digestion treatment method for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids such as high-concentration sludge, and an anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, when treating highly concentrated organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids such as starch factory effluent, beer factory effluent, and acid fermentation effluent, a medium temperature of 30 to 37 ° C. or 50 An anaerobic digestion method is known in which methane fermentation is carried out while maintaining a high temperature of ˜55 ° C. and converted to a gas such as methane. In this case, as the methane fermentation tank, a fixed bed type processing apparatus and an upflow anaerobic sludge bed processing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “UASB”) are used. The fixed bed processing apparatus is an apparatus that fixes and processes microorganisms on a carrier such as a bead, whereas UASB uses a self-granulating action of microorganisms as shown in FIG. Is a device for processing.
[0003]
By the way, UASB is preferable because it can maintain a large amount of microorganisms and has a large contact area per unit volume and good contact efficiency and a large load. However, when the organic waste water contains a large amount of solids (SS). In UASB, the granule flows out with the solid substance, and the granule may not be maintained in the system. For this purpose, normally, as shown in FIG. 4, after separating the organic solid-containing wastewater in the sedimentation tank, the supernatant is introduced into the UASB for processing. However, in this case, the precipitated solid concentrate (sludge) containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank is processed through steps such as concentration, digestion, dehydration, composting, and incineration. It was not preferable because it took time and money.
[0004]
For this reason, when the organic wastewater contains a large amount of solids (SS), a fixed bed type processing device is used, but in the fixed bed type processing device, the wastewater line flow velocity in the tank is extremely slow. In addition, solid matter with high sedimentation cannot be discharged together with waste water, and the solid matter is trapped in the gap between the carriers, causing clogging and blocking the passage of the liquid component. As the number of clogging points increases, the liquid passages decrease and the liquid part flows only in the clogging points. This prevents the liquid from contacting the carrier sufficiently. Will occur. Therefore, in the methane fermentation tank aiming at gasification of the solubilized organic matter, the residence time of the waste water is shortened due to the short circuit phenomenon of the liquid, and the treatment efficiency is extremely lowered. Therefore, in this case, the clogging is solved by backwashing or the like, but the processing for the backwashing period is stopped, and a large amount of expenses are required. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5, a method of solubilizing organic solid-containing wastewater by a physicochemical method such as a hot alkali method or an enzyme addition method has been proposed, but the cost of chemicals is high. On the contrary, it was not preferable because of high cost.
[0005]
Therefore, in view of such circumstances, the present invention solubilizes solid content (SS) contained in organic wastewater when processing high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids. An anaerobic digestion method for high-concentration organic wastewater that can be treated using an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) that has good contact efficiency and a large load, and a treatment device therefor The purpose is to provide.
[0006]
In addition, in view of such circumstances, the present invention solubilizes solids (SS) contained in organic wastewater when processing high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids. Accordingly, another object of the present invention is to provide an anaerobic digestion treatment method for high-concentration organic wastewater that can be treated with a fixed bed type treatment device with a low backwash frequency and a treatment device therefor.
[007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The anaerobic digestion treatment method for high-concentration organic wastewater according to the present invention and the treatment apparatus therefor have been invented to achieve the above-mentioned problems and objects, and the following (1) to (5) This is the gist.
[0008]
(1) An anaerobic digestion apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, in which a precipitation tank for separating and separating organic solid-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank An upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device for anaerobic digestion of the supernatant with a small amount of organic solids, and a precipitated solid concentrate containing organic solids precipitated and separated in the settling tank under high temperature conditions A solubilization tank for solubilization treatment by thermophilic bacteria, the solubilization treatment solution solubilized in the solubilization tank is introduced into the precipitation tank together with the organic solid-containing wastewater, and the precipitate is separated. Then, an anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater, which is configured to be introduced into an upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment apparatus.
[0013]
(2) An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, wherein a precipitation tank for separating and separating organic solid-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank A fixed bed type anaerobic treatment device for anaerobic digestion of the supernatant liquid with a small amount of organic solids, and a solid precipitate concentrate containing organic solids precipitated and separated in the settling tank under high temperature conditions A solubilization tank for solubilization treatment by bacteria, after the solubilization treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank is introduced into the settling tank together with the organic solid-containing wastewater and separated by precipitation. An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater, characterized by being introduced into a fixed-bed anaerobic treatment apparatus.
[0014]
(3) Anaerobic decontamination method for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, after organic solids-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in a sedimentation tank, and the amount of separated organic solids is small The supernatant is subjected to anaerobic digestion in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device , and the precipitated solid concentrate containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank is subjected to thermophilic bacteria at high temperature conditions. After solubilization treatment in a solubilization tank for solubilization treatment, the solubilized solubilization treatment liquid is precipitated and separated together with the organic solid-containing waste water in the precipitation tank, and then an anaerobic sludge bed treatment with an upward flow An anaerobic digestion method for high-concentration organic wastewater, characterized by being introduced into an apparatus .
[0019]
(4) An anaerobic decontamination method for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, wherein the organic solids-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in a settling tank, and then the organic solids separated are few The supernatant is anaerobically digested with a fixed-bed anaerobic treatment device, and the precipitated solid concentrate containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank is solubilized by thermophilic bacteria under high temperature conditions. After the solubilization treatment in the solubilization tank for treatment, the solubilized solubilization treatment solution is precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank together with the organic solid-containing waste water, and then introduced into the fixed bed type anaerobic treatment apparatus. An anaerobic digestion method for high-concentration organic wastewater.
[0020]
(5) Anaerobic digestion treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater as described in (3) or (4) above, wherein the solubilization treatment is operated under conditions such that the temperature range is 60 to 80 ° C. Method.
[0021]
That is, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, after an organic solid-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated, an upstream anaerobic sludge bed is used for anaerobic digestion of the supernatant liquid with a small amount of organic solids. It can be applied to UASB that dislikes solid content by treating with processing equipment (UASB) and solubilizing the precipitated solid concentrate containing organic solids separated by precipitation under high temperature conditions and introducing it into UASB The present invention has been completed by knowing that the water quality can be improved.
[0022]
In addition, after the organic solid-containing wastewater is separated by precipitation, the supernatant liquid with a small amount of organic solids is treated with a fixed bed processing apparatus for anaerobic digestion treatment, Fixed bed that dislikes solid matter with high sedimentation that may cause clogging by solubilizing the concentrated concentrate containing the precipitate under high temperature conditions and introducing it into a fixed bed processing equipment The present invention has been completed by knowing that the water quality can be applied to the water treatment apparatus.
[0023]
【Example】
In the present invention, organic sludge, for example, raw sludge and biological sludge discharged from sewage treatment processes such as sewage treatment plants and manure treatment plants, or starch plants discharged from wastewater treatment processes such as food factories and chemical factories. Targets high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids (hereinafter referred to as “raw wastewater”), such as organic high-concentration sludge such as waste liquid, beer factory waste liquid, and acid fermentation waste liquid.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 1, the raw wastewater stored in these raw wastewater storage tanks 10 is introduced into the precipitation tank 14 via the path 12, and the organic solid-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated. Supernatant A with a small amount of organic solids is introduced into an upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) 18 for anaerobic digestion treatment via a path 16. In this case, as the UASB 18, the one shown in FIG. 2 can be used, and the treated water B that has been anaerobically treated thereby is further treated by the activated sludge method or the like if necessary according to the reference value of the discharge destination. After that, it is released into sewage or rivers.
[0025]
On the other hand, the precipitated solid concentrate C containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank 14 is introduced into the solubilization tank 24 through the reflux path 20 and is anaerobically or aerobically organic sludge under high temperature conditions. Is solubilized. In this case, the inoculum of anaerobic or aerobic microorganisms (thermophilic bacteria) used under high temperature conditions is cultivated from, for example, a conventional aerobic or anaerobic digestion tank or sewage treatment plant activated sludge surplus sludge. Can be obtained. In addition, the optimum temperature of the solubilization tank 24 is preferably operated in a temperature range of 50 to 90 ° C., but the organic solid contained in the precipitated solid concentrate C that is the high-temperature treatment target. For example, in the case of thermophilic bacteria isolated from excess sewage sludge, solubilization reaction by microorganisms (thermophilic bacteria) and physicochemical thermal decomposition by heat The temperature sludge under high temperature conditions is operated in the range of 60 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably in the range of 70 ° C., so that both actions can occur efficiently and sufficiently. In any case, depending on the type of microorganism, a temperature of 50 to 90 ° C. may be used so that both the solubilization reaction by the microorganism (thermophilic bacterium) and the physicochemical thermal decomposition by heat can occur efficiently and sufficiently. What is necessary is just to set so that it may become a temperature range.
[0026]
Furthermore, as a device for aerobic microbial decomposition in the solubilization tank 24, a device comprising a conventional aeration device, an anaerobic microbial decomposition device, (1) In the tank (2) A method of installing a stirrer such as a stirring blade, (4) A means for fixing active microorganisms, etc. Any means can be used as long as it has means for efficiently bringing the active microorganisms into contact with the sludge to be treated. In this case, as the reaction tank, either a batch system or a continuous system can be used.
[0027]
Thus, the solubilized treatment liquid D solubilized in the solubilization tank 24 joins the path 12 via the path 30, the heat exchanger 28 provided in the reflux path 20, and the path 30. Then, it is introduced into the settling tank 14 together with the organic solid-containing wastewater, and separated by precipitation, and the treatment cycle is repeated as described above. In the heat exchanger 28, the heat loss is suppressed as much as possible by heating the precipitated solid concentrate C precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank 14 with the solubilized treatment liquid D solubilized in the solubilization tank 24. It has become. Moreover, the solubilization processing liquid D solubilized in the solubilization tank 24 has a solid content (SS) of 3000 ppm or less so that it can be reloaded by the UASB 18.
[0028]
Further, the methane gas E generated in the UASB 18 is introduced into the methane gas combustion device 34 via the path 32, and the heat generated by the combustion of the methane gas in the methane gas combustion device 34 is added to the solubilization tank 24 via the heating path 36. It is configured to warm up.
[0029]
In this case, the methane gas combustion device 34 is not particularly limited, and a combustion device such as a naturally ventilated in-furnace combustion type combustion tower equipped with a normal gas burner can be used. Thus, since the energy of the heat release in the solubilization tank 24 is replenished by the combustion of surplus methane generated by the anaerobic treatment in the UASB 18, it is very efficient in terms of energy.
[0030]
Further, a part of the precipitated solid concentrate (sludge) containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank 14 is not routed so that the biologically hard-to-decompose solid or inorganic solid does not accumulate in the system. The liquid is discharged as needed, concentrated, dehydrated, and discarded. In this case, since the discharged sludge passes through the solubilization tank 24, which is a high-temperature tank, it is a sludge having a small amount of dissolved gas and an excellent sedimentation property.
[0031]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of a second embodiment of the anaerobic digestion treatment method and the anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus therefor according to the present invention.
[0032]
This embodiment is basically the same configuration as the first embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components. The difference from the first embodiment is that the solubilized treatment liquid D solubilized in the solubilization tank 24 in the first embodiment is replaced with the heat exchanger 28 provided in the reflux path 20 via the path 26. Via the route 30, merged into the route 12, introduced into the sedimentation tank 14 together with the organic solid-containing wastewater, and separated into precipitates, and then introduced into the upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) 18. Instead, the present embodiment is different in that the solubilized treatment liquid D is directly introduced into the upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment apparatus (UASB) 18 via the path 30 '. That is, when solubilization is sufficiently performed in the solubilization tank 24, precipitation separation is not necessary.
[0033]
In the first and second embodiments described above, the upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) 18 is used as the anaerobic digestion treatment device, but a fixed bed type treatment device can be used. In this case, since solids with high sedimentation that cause clogging do not flow in, the frequency of backwashing can be reduced and the operation efficiency can be increased.
[0034]
Example 1
Using a jacket-type cylindrical reaction tank in which a heat-resistant vinyl chloride heat medium having an inner diameter of 100 mm and a height of 1 m was circulated, the operation was performed at a temperature of 70 ° C., an air flow rate of 0.1 vvm, and a reaction liquid amount of 4 L. The treatment waste liquid is a precipitate obtained by precipitating and separating starch factory waste water for 30 minutes (precipitation rate SV30 = 10%, solid concentration SS = 1.3%, volatile organic substance content ratio VSS / SS = 98%). Every day, 3.2 L of precipitated solid was added to 0.8 L of seed sludge. With a residence time of 2.5 days, about 60% of the insoluble starch solid was solubilized. A considerable amount of solids (2300 ppm as SS) remain in the supernatant liquid for 30 minutes, but these particles have a small particle size and hardly settle even after standing for a long time. While the possibility of causing clogging was extremely low, a comparison with the conventional method is shown in Table 1 below. As is clear from the results in Table 1, as in the present invention, when the solubilization treatment is performed using thermophilic bacteria, the ratio of the immediately settled solids that cause clogging in the fixed bed treatment apparatus is reduced to 1 / It was found that it can be reduced to 2 or less.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003614515
[0036]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
According to the method for anaerobic digestion of high-concentration organic wastewater of the present invention and the treatment apparatus therefor, the organic solid-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated, and then the anaerobic digestion treatment is performed on the supernatant liquid containing a small amount of organic solids. For treatment with an anaerobic treatment device such as an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) or a fixed bed type treatment device, and a precipitated solid concentrate containing an organic solid separated by precipitation at a high temperature condition And solubilized and precipitated with organic solids-containing wastewater, and introduced into an anaerobic treatment apparatus, so that the invention has the following remarkable and unique effects: It is.
[0037]
(1) When processing highly concentrated organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, the solids (SS) in the organic wastewater to be treated is solubilized and becomes a small amount, and even with UASB, the granules are It can be treated with an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB) that can maintain granule in the system without being accompanied by solids, has good contact efficiency, and has a large load. It is.
[0038]
(2) The precipitated solid concentrate (sludge) containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank passes through the solubilization tank, which is a high-temperature tank, and therefore has a low dissolved gas and excellent sedimentation. Therefore, concentration and dehydration processes are easy and cost reduction can be achieved.
[0039]
(3) When processing high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, the solids in the organic wastewater to be treated are mostly solids with high sedimentation that cause clogging. Since it is not included, a short circuit phenomenon of the liquid due to clogging does not occur, and therefore an operation such as backwashing becomes unnecessary, and the processing efficiency does not decrease.
[0040]
(4) A heat exchanger is provided in the reflux path from the settling tank to the solubilization tank for heating the precipitated solid concentrate precipitated and separated in the settling tank with the solubilized treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress heat loss as much as possible.
[0041]
(5) Solubilization provided with a methane gas combustion device for combusting the methane gas generated in the anaerobic treatment device, and provided with a heating path for heating the solubilization tank by the heat generated by the methane gas combustion device Since the energy of the heat radiation in the tank is replenished by the combustion of surplus methane generated by the anaerobic treatment in UASB, it is very efficient in terms of energy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an embodiment of an anaerobic digestion treatment method and an anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus therefor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device (UASB).
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of a second embodiment of the anaerobic digestion treatment method and the anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus therefor according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a use state of a conventional upward flow anaerobic sludge bed treatment apparatus (UASB).
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a usage state of a conventional fixed bed processing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Raw waste water storage tank 14 ... Sedimentation tank 18 ... Upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment equipment (UASB)
20 ... Reflux path 24 ... Solubilization tank 28 ... Heat exchanger 34 ... Methane gas combustion device A ... Supernatant B ... Treated water C ... Precipitated solid concentrate D ... Solubilizing solution

Claims (5)

生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消処理装置であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離するための沈殿槽と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽とから構成し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽に導入して沈殿分離した後に、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置に導入するように構成したことを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置。A anaerobic digestion apparatus for high-concentration organic waste water containing biodegradable organic solids, and settling tank for sedimentation separation of the organic solids containing wastewater, organic precipitated separated by the sedimentation tank An upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device for anaerobic digestion of the supernatant with less solids, and a precipitated solid concentrate containing organic solids precipitated and separated in the settling tank under high temperature conditions A solubilization tank for solubilization treatment by bacteria, after the solubilization treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank is introduced into the settling tank together with the organic solid-containing wastewater and separated by precipitation. An anaerobic digester for high-concentration organic wastewater, characterized in that it is configured to be introduced into an upflow anaerobic sludge bed processor . 生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿分離するための沈殿槽と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を嫌気性消化処理するための固定床式嫌気性処理装置と、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽とから構成し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽に導入して沈殿分離した後に、固定床式嫌気性処理装置に導入するように構成したことを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理装置。 An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, a precipitation tank for precipitating and separating organic solid-containing wastewater, and an organic solid precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank The fixed bed type anaerobic treatment equipment for anaerobic digestion treatment of the supernatant with a small amount of matter and the precipitated solid concentrate containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank can be obtained by thermophilic bacteria under high temperature conditions. A solubilization tank for solubilization treatment, and the solubilization treatment solution solubilized in the solubilization tank is introduced into the settling tank together with the organic solid-containing wastewater and separated by precipitation. An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for high-concentration organic wastewater, characterized in that it is configured to be introduced into an anaerobic treatment apparatus. 生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消処理方法であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後、分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置にて嫌気性消化処理するとともに、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を、高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽で可溶化した後、可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後に、上向流嫌気性汚泥床処理装置に導入することを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。An anaerobic decontamination method for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, wherein the organic solids-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in a sedimentation tank, and then separated from the supernatant with a small amount of organic solids. An anaerobic digestion treatment with an upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device, and a solubilization treatment of the precipitated solid concentrate containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the precipitation tank with a thermophilic bacterium under high temperature conditions After solubilization in the solubilization tank for soaking, the solubilized solubilization treatment solution is precipitated and separated in the settling tank together with the organic solid-containing waste water, and then introduced into the upflow anaerobic sludge bed treatment device An anaerobic digestion method for high-concentration organic wastewater. 生物分解性有機性固形物を含む高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消処理方法であって、有機性固形物含有廃水を沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後、分離した有機性固形物の少ない上澄液を、固定床式嫌気性処理装置にて嫌気性消化処理するとともに、前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した有機性固形物を含む沈殿固形物濃縮液を、高温条件で好熱菌により可溶化処理をするための可溶化槽で可溶化した後、可溶化した可溶化処理液を、前記有機性固形物含有廃水とともに前記沈殿槽で沈殿分離した後に、固定床式嫌気性処理装置に導入することを特徴とする高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。An anaerobic decontamination method for high-concentration organic wastewater containing biodegradable organic solids, wherein the organic solids-containing wastewater is precipitated and separated in a sedimentation tank, and then separated from the supernatant with a small amount of organic solids. Is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment in a fixed bed type anaerobic treatment device, and the precipitated solid concentrate containing the organic solid precipitated and separated in the settling tank is solubilized by thermophilic bacteria under high temperature conditions. After solubilizing in a solubilization tank for the solubilization, the solubilized solubilization solution is introduced into a fixed bed type anaerobic treatment apparatus after being separated in the settling tank together with the organic solid-containing wastewater. An anaerobic digestion method for high-concentration organic wastewater. 前記可溶化処理を、60〜80℃の温度範囲となるような条件で操作することを特徴とする請求項3又は4記載の高濃度有機性廃水の嫌気性消化処理方法。The method for anaerobic digestion of high-concentration organic wastewater according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the solubilization treatment is operated under conditions such that a temperature range of 60 to 80 ° C is obtained.
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