JP3583940B2 - Shock absorber for vehicle coupler - Google Patents

Shock absorber for vehicle coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3583940B2
JP3583940B2 JP05492899A JP5492899A JP3583940B2 JP 3583940 B2 JP3583940 B2 JP 3583940B2 JP 05492899 A JP05492899 A JP 05492899A JP 5492899 A JP5492899 A JP 5492899A JP 3583940 B2 JP3583940 B2 JP 3583940B2
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Prior art keywords
shock absorber
vehicle
vehicle coupler
oil
force
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JP2000255428A (en
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剛 早勢
保男 露木
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Railway Technical Research Institute
KYB Corp
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Railway Technical Research Institute
KYB Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複数の鉄道車両を連結する連結器用の緩衝器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄道車両を連結する際は、車両連結器に連結器作用力(以下、自連力という)が掛かる。この自連力のピーク値を低減するため、車両連結器には車両連結器用緩衝器が備えられている。
図5及び図6は、車両連結器に備えられた従来の緩衝器の一例を示す一部断面平面図及び一部断面側面図である。
この車両連結器用緩衝器は、在来線電車用に広く用いられたゴム緩衝器10である。このゴム緩衝器10は、電車(フレーム)1の端部下方に固定されている。そして、ゴム緩衝器10の端部には、直交配置されたピン2、3及びピン継手4を介して車両連結器5が連結されている。ゴム緩衝器10は、両面に長方形のゴム製突起を接着した鋼板(パッド)11を積層して枠12に納めたもので、ゴムの圧縮変形により車両連結器5に掛かる衝撃を吸収する。
【0003】
このような構成のゴム緩衝器10は、構造が簡単で安価なことから広く用いられている。ゴム緩衝器10は、一般に、変位の増加とともに剛性が高くなる緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性を示す。例えばタキ43000、コキ50000等の大型貨車用に開発されたRD19形は、緩衝容量を拡大するために鋼板(パッド)が多く、ストロークが長いため、最大圧縮・引張荷重が、980kNである。そして、最大圧縮荷重による67mmの変形で吸収される歪エネルギは、23.0kN・mである。
【0004】
また、図7は、車両連結器に備えられた従来の緩衝器の別の一例を示す模式的断面側面図である。
この車両連結器用緩衝器は、積載荷重の大きい貨車に用いられる油緩衝器20である。この油緩衝器20も、図5、6に示すゴム緩衝器と同様に、貨車の先端部下方に固定されている。油緩衝器20は、ダッシュポット21とゴムを用いた戻しばね22を並列に配置したもので、ダッシュポット21内の油の移動と戻しばね22の圧縮変形により車両連結器に掛かる衝撃を吸収する。即ち、ダッシュポット21のシリンダ21aの側面には、ピストン21bの変位方向に複数のオリフィス21cが開けられている。そして、ピストン21bの変位、即ち緩衝器変位の増加に伴ってオリフィス21cが順次塞がれ、衝撃エネルギの緩衝によりピストン21bの速度が低下しても一定の抵抗力が維持される。
【0005】
このような構成の油緩衝器20は、ゴム緩衝器10と比較して構造が複雑で高価なことから、特に積載荷重が大きい大物貨車に用いられている。油緩衝器20は、緩衝器変位に依らず車両間の相対初速度に応じてほぼ一定の緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性を示し、緩衝容量やエネルギ消散効率が高い。例えばシキ850、シキ1000、シキ810B2等の大物貨車用に開発されたHD5D形は、40tと300tの車両同士を初速2.0km/hで打ち当てた場合、最大変位70mmに達するまで緩衝器力が一定で、147.0kN・mの歪エネルギを吸収する。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、いわゆる新幹線電車の駆動・制動機能が失われた場合、その新幹線電車(以下、故障編成という)を健全な車両(以下、救援編成という)で救援する際には、故障編成と救援編成の連結部等に著大な自連力が発生する。特に、急制動時には、車両間の相対運動による過渡的な自連力のピーク値が、車体強度や列車座屈に対する安全上問題とされる。
【0007】
ここで、現行の新幹線電車用に開発された車両連結器用緩衝器としては、例えばRD011A形がある。このRD011A形は、ゴム緩衝器であり、初圧を0として乗り心地を向上させるため、引張荷重専用のゴム緩衝器と圧縮荷重専用のゴム緩衝器2組が直列配置されている。取付寸法による制約から、圧縮用に比べ引張用の鋼板(パッド)が少なく、最大圧縮荷重が、980kN、最大引張荷重が、784kNとなる。そして、最大圧縮荷重による43mmの変形で吸収される歪エネルギは、11.8kN・mとなる。このように、現行の新幹線電車用に許容される自連力は、車体構体端部の強度により圧縮が980kN、車両連結器用緩衝器の性能により引張が784kNとされる。
【0008】
一方、車両の高速化、軽量化を図る上では車体構体強度の見直しを迫られる場合がある。このとき、故障救援時の自連力低減は重要な課題であり、その有効な手段としては車両連結器緩衝器のエネルギー容量拡大が挙げられる。そこで、数値シミュレーションにより、現行の新幹線電車用のゴム緩衝器(RD011A形)よりエネルギ容量が大きい上記ゴム緩衝器(RD19形)10及び油緩衝器(HD5D形)20に替えた場合の自連力低減効果の確認を行った。
【0009】
その結果、ゴム緩衝器(RD19形)10を用いた場合は、故障編成の圧縮自連力最大値が低減した。しかし、このゴム緩衝器(RD19形)10は、初圧が大きくて前後衝動による乗り心地の悪化が予想されるため、新幹線電車に採用することは困難である。
油緩衝器(HD5D形)20を用いた場合は、静的な荷重に対する緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性は戻しばね22のみに依存し、ゴム緩衝器と同様である。ところが、動特性は衝突速度や車両荷重により異なるものの、車両間の相対速度が拡大せず、ダッシュポット21が十分に機能しないため、自連力低減効果が認められない。
以上のことから、新幹線電車用として新規な車両連結器用緩衝器の開発が望まれている。
【0010】
本発明は、このような課題に対応するためになされたもので、エネルギ容量を拡大させて自連力のピーク値を低減させると共に任意の一定値に抑制することができる車両連結器用緩衝器を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の車両連結器用緩衝器は、複数の鉄道車両を連結する連結器用の緩衝器であって
連結器にかかる自連力を受けるロッドを有する油圧シリンダと、油圧シリンダ内への油の抜き入れをコントロールする制御弁と、ロッドの戻しばねと、緩衝器力を検出するセンサを備え、
該緩衝器変位が0近傍を除く、上記ロッドの戻しばね力が上記鉄道車両の車体構体端部の強度に達するまでの間、緩衝器力が、緩衝器変位及び変位速度にかかわりなく、上記鉄道車両の車体構体端部の強度程度のほぼ一定値となるように、上記油圧シリンダの油の圧力及び抜き入れする油の流量の双方を上記制御弁で制御することを特徴とする。
【0012】
このような構造により、ほぼフラットな緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性を示すことから所定の自連力の元での吸収エネルギが最大になり、逆に言えば緩衝器力が最小になるので、車体強度や列車座屈に対する安全性を高めることができる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の1実施例に係る車両連結器用緩衝器を説明する。
図1は、本発明の1実施例に係る車両連結器用緩衝器の周辺部を含む全体構成を示す概略図である。
この車両連結器用緩衝器100は、新幹線電車51の先頭車両の緊急車両連結器55に用いられる油緩衝器である。車両連結器用緩衝器100は、油圧シリンダ110、制御弁120、戻しばね140、センサ150及び油タンク160で大略構成されている。油圧シリンダ110は、緊急車両連結器55に掛かる自連力を受ける機能を有する。制御弁120は、油圧シリンダ110と油タンク160との間の作動油の抜き入れをコントロールする機能を有する。戻しばね140は、油圧シリンダ110に装着されており、緊急車両連結器55に掛かる自連力を受けたり、油圧シリンダ110を変位前の元の状態に戻す機能を有する。センサ150は、例えばロードセルが用いられ、油圧シリンダ110と緊急車両連結器55をつなぐピン継手54に装着されており、緩衝器力を検出する機能を有する。このような構成の車両連結器用緩衝器100は、新幹線電車51の先頭部下方に固定されている。
【0015】
緊急車両連結器55は、直交配置されたピン52、53及びピン継手54を介して車両連結器用緩衝器100の端部に連結されている。この緊急車両連結器55は、連結時には新幹線電車51の先頭部上方に係止されているばね吊り装置56を介してワイヤ57で吊られている。また、昇降時には図示一点鎖線で示すようにピン53を中心に旋回し、新幹線電車51の先頭部中央に配設されている連結器掛け金具58に掛け止めされている。
【0016】
図2は、図1に示す車両連結器用緩衝器100を構成する油圧シリンダ110及び戻しばね140の詳細構造を示す断面側面図である。
この油圧シリンダ110のシリンダ111の内側先端には、ピストン112が嵌め込まれ、内側後端には、ゴム製の緩衝材113が嵌め込まれている。シリンダ111の外周先端には、制御弁120からの作動油を入れる入りポート111aが設けられ、外周後端には、制御弁120へ作動油を抜く抜きポート111bが設けられている。ピストン112には、ロッド114の後端が固定されている。そして、ロッド114の先端とシリンダ111の先端の間には、ばね材で成る戻しばね140が挿入固定されている。
【0017】
図3は、図1に示す車両連結器用緩衝器100を構成する制御弁120の詳細構造を示すブロック図である。
この制御弁120は、比例電磁式制御弁(例えば商品名:インテリジェント流量圧力制御モジュール(IPシリーズ)、製造メーカ名:カヤバ工業(株))が用いられる。この制御弁120は、信号Xrに応じて駆動されるバルブ121と、バルブ121の出口側の圧力の一部を逃がすブリード弁122と、バルブ121の開度Xの検出手段123と、バルブ121の入口圧Pa、出口圧Pbの検出手段124a、124bとを備えている。
【0018】
さらに、これらの圧力差と開度Xから流量Qを演算する手段125と、流量Qと流量指令信号Qrからバルブ開度Xqを演算する手段126と、出口圧Pbと圧力指令信号Pbrからバルブ開度Xpを演算する手段127と、検出圧力の差からメータイン及びメータアウトの方向を判定する手段128とを備えている。そして、この判定結果がメータインのときにバルブ開度Xq及びXpのうち小さい方を、判定結果がメータアウトのときにバルブ開度Xq及びXpのうち大きい方を選択する手段129と、選択した開度によりバルブ121を駆動する手段130と、判定結果がメータインのときにブリード弁122を開弁する駆動手段131とを備えている。
【0019】
このような構成の制御弁120によれば、アクティブカートリッジを比例電磁弁でサーボ制御しているので、高応答を実現できる。また、センサ信号を用いソフトウエアにより流量と圧力を制御しているので、高精度を実現できる。また、ポペットタイプで内部リークが少なく、また制御中に流量、圧力がモニタできるので、高信頼性を実現できる。さらに、メータイン・メータアウト制御が同一カートリッジでできるので、可逆流れが可能であると共に、フリーフローチェック弁が不要なため、コンパクトでコストダウンが図れる。
【0020】
尚、このような構成の制御弁120に限られるものではなく、例えばパイロット圧力に応動して切り換え作動する方向制御弁と、この方向制御弁の左右のパイロット室に供給するパイロット作動油を制御する3方向流量制御弁と、左右のパイロット室をオリフィスを介してタンクに連通する回路と、指令信号と方向制御弁の位置信号とに基づいて3方向流量制御弁の作動を制御するコントローラを備えた比例電磁方向制御弁も使用することができる。
【0021】
次に、本発明の1実施例に係る車両連結器用緩衝器100の具体的動作例について説明する。
図4は、この車両連結器用緩衝器100の緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性の一例を示す図である。
初期状態、即ち緩衝器変位δが0近傍においては、センサ150により検出される緩衝器力Fが、例えば故障編成の車体構体端部の強度490kN(50tf)に満たないので、制御弁120は全閉状態になっている。従って、油圧シリンダ110のシリンダ111内の作動油の圧縮性によるばね特性を示している。
【0022】
例えばシリンダ111の内径を140mm、ピストン112のストロークを360mm、作動油の体積弾性係数を1.37×109 N/m2 とすれば、緩衝器変位δが0近傍のばね剛性は58.6MN/mとなり、一般のゴム緩衝器に比べて非常に固い。車両間に通常発生する前後衝動の緩衝には過大であるが、これは相対するゴム緩衝器で吸収させるようにする。
【0023】
次に、緩衝器変位δがある程度の値になり、センサ150により検出される緩衝器力Fが490kN(50tf)を超えようとすると、制御弁120は、車両連結器用緩衝器100の反力として生じる車端荷重を強度内に抑えながら荷重のなす仕事を最大にするため、シリンダ111内の作動油を抜いてロッド114及び戻しばね140の抵抗力を調整し、緩衝器力Fをピストン112の速度に依らず490kN(50tf)に保持する。さらに、上述したように、ピストン112のストロークを通常の緩衝器より長い360mmとして、緩衝容量を拡大させている。
【0024】
そして、緩衝器変位δが300mmに達したときは、戻しばね140の力が490kN(50tf)に達し、ロッド114の抵抗力は0になる。緩衝器変位δが300mmを超えたときは、制御弁120は全開状態になる。従って、緩衝器力Fが緩衝器変位δとともに増加するこの領域では、戻しばね140及び緩衝材113のみが作用する。
この車両連結器用緩衝器100によれば、油圧シリンダ110及び戻しばね140の抵抗力を制御弁120の制御により調整し、油圧シリンダ110の速度に依らず、ほぼフラットな緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性を得て、過渡的な自連力のピーク値を任意の一定値以下に抑制することができる。
【0025】
尚、上述した本発明の1実施例に係る車両連結器用緩衝器100は、新幹線電車51の先頭車両の緊急車両連結器55に用いられる油緩衝器として説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、鉄道車両を連結する連結器にも用いることができる。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、緩衝容量の拡大により自連力を車端強度程度に抑えることができるので、特に故障編成を救援編成で救援する際の安全性を高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の1実施例に係る車両連結器用緩衝器の周辺部を含む全体構成を示す概略図である。
【図2】図1に示す車両連結器用緩衝器を構成する油圧シリンダ及び戻しばねの詳細構造を示す断面側面図である。
【図3】図1に示す車両連結器用緩衝器を構成する制御弁の詳細構造を示すブロック図である。
【図4】図1に示す車両連結器用緩衝器の緩衝器変位−緩衝器力(δ−F)特性の一例を示す図である。
【図5】車両連結器に備えられた従来の緩衝器の一例を示す一部断面平面図である。
【図6】図5の緩衝器の一部断面側面図である。
【図7】車両連結器に備えられた従来の緩衝器の別の一例を示す模式的断面側面図である。
【符号の説明】
51 新幹線電車 52 ピン
53 ピン 54 ピン継手
55 緊急車両連結器 56 ばね吊り装置
57 ワイヤ 58 連結器掛け金具
100 車両連結器用緩衝器 110 油圧シリンダ
111 シリンダ 112 ピストン
113 緩衝材 114 ロッド
111a 入りポート 111b 抜きポート
120 制御弁 121 バルブ
122 ブリード弁 123 開度検出手段
124a 入口圧検出手段 124b 出口圧検出手段
125 流量演算手段 126 開度演算手段
127 開度演算手段 128 方向判定手段
129 選択手段 130 バルブ駆動手段
131 ブリード弁駆動手段 140 戻しばね
150 センサ 160 油タンク
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shock absorber for a coupler that connects a plurality of railway vehicles.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When connecting railway vehicles, a coupler operating force (hereinafter referred to as self-connection force) is applied to the vehicle coupling. In order to reduce the peak value of the self-coupling force, the vehicle coupler is provided with a vehicle coupler shock absorber.
5 and 6 are a partial cross-sectional plan view and a partial cross-sectional side view showing an example of a conventional shock absorber provided in a vehicle coupler.
This shock absorber for a vehicle coupler is a rubber shock absorber 10 widely used for conventional line trains. The rubber shock absorber 10 is fixed below an end of the train (frame) 1. A vehicle coupler 5 is connected to an end of the rubber shock absorber 10 via pins 2 and 3 and a pin joint 4 arranged orthogonally. The rubber shock absorber 10 is formed by stacking steel plates (pads) 11 on both sides of which rectangular rubber protrusions are adhered and housed in a frame 12, and absorbs an impact applied to the vehicle coupler 5 by compressive deformation of rubber.
[0003]
The rubber shock absorber 10 having such a configuration is widely used because of its simple structure and low cost. The rubber shock absorber 10 generally shows a shock absorber displacement-shock absorber force (δ-F) characteristic in which the rigidity increases as the displacement increases. For example, the RD19 type developed for large freight cars such as Taki 43000 and Koki 50000 has many steel plates (pads) in order to increase the buffer capacity, and has a long stroke. Therefore, the maximum compression / tensile load is 980 kN. The strain energy absorbed by the deformation of 67 mm due to the maximum compressive load is 23.0 kN · m.
[0004]
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional side view showing another example of the conventional shock absorber provided in the vehicle coupler.
This shock absorber for a vehicle coupler is an oil shock absorber 20 used for a freight car having a large load. This oil buffer 20 is also fixed below the leading end of the wagon, similarly to the rubber buffer shown in FIGS. The oil shock absorber 20 has a dashpot 21 and a return spring 22 using rubber arranged in parallel, and absorbs an impact applied to the vehicle coupler due to movement of oil in the dashpot 21 and compression deformation of the return spring 22. . That is, a plurality of orifices 21c are opened in the displacement direction of the piston 21b on the side surface of the cylinder 21a of the dashpot 21. Then, as the displacement of the piston 21b, that is, the displacement of the shock absorber is increased, the orifice 21c is sequentially closed, and a constant resistance force is maintained even if the speed of the piston 21b decreases due to shock energy buffering.
[0005]
The oil shock absorber 20 having such a configuration has a complicated structure and is more expensive than the rubber shock absorber 10, and is therefore used particularly for a large freight car having a large load. The oil shock absorber 20 exhibits a substantially constant shock absorber displacement-damper force (δ-F) characteristic according to the relative initial speed between the vehicles regardless of the shock absorber displacement, and has a high shock absorbing capacity and high energy dissipation efficiency. For example, the HD5D type developed for large freight cars such as Shiki 850, Shiki 1000, Shiki 810B2, etc., has a shock absorber force of up to 70 mm when hitting between 40t and 300t vehicles at an initial speed of 2.0 km / h. Is constant and absorbs strain energy of 147.0 kN · m.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when the driving / braking function of a so-called Shinkansen train is lost, when the Shinkansen (hereinafter referred to as a failure formation) is rescued by a healthy vehicle (hereinafter referred to as a rescue formation), Significant self-engagement occurs at the connecting part. In particular, at the time of sudden braking, a transient peak value of the self-coupling force due to relative motion between the vehicles is considered to be a safety problem against vehicle body strength and train buckling.
[0007]
Here, as a vehicle coupler shock absorber developed for the current Shinkansen train, for example, there is an RD011A type. This type RD011A is a rubber shock absorber, and two sets of rubber shock absorbers dedicated to tensile load and two sets of rubber shock absorbers dedicated to compressive load are arranged in series in order to improve ride comfort by setting the initial pressure to 0. Due to restrictions due to the mounting dimensions, there are fewer steel plates (pads) for tension than for compression, the maximum compression load is 980 kN, and the maximum tensile load is 784 kN. Then, the strain energy absorbed by the deformation of 43 mm due to the maximum compressive load is 11.8 kN · m. As described above, the self-coupling force allowed for the current Shinkansen train is 980 kN in compression due to the strength of the end of the vehicle body structure, and 784 kN in tension due to the performance of the shock absorber for the vehicle coupler.
[0008]
On the other hand, in order to increase the speed and reduce the weight of the vehicle, it may be necessary to review the strength of the vehicle body structure. At this time, reduction of the self-coupling force at the time of failure rescue is an important issue, and an effective means thereof is to increase the energy capacity of the vehicle coupler shock absorber. Therefore, by a numerical simulation, the self-coupling force when the rubber shock absorber (RD19 type) 10 and the oil shock absorber (HD5D type) 20 having a larger energy capacity than the rubber shock absorber (RD011A type) for the current Shinkansen train are replaced. The reduction effect was confirmed.
[0009]
As a result, when the rubber shock absorber (RD19 type) 10 was used, the maximum value of the compression self-coupling force of the faulty knitting was reduced. However, this rubber shock absorber (type RD19) 10 is difficult to adopt for a Shinkansen train because the initial pressure is large and the ride comfort is expected to be deteriorated due to a front-rear urge.
When the oil shock absorber (HD5D type) 20 is used, the shock absorber displacement-damper force (δ-F) characteristic with respect to a static load depends only on the return spring 22, and is the same as that of the rubber shock absorber. However, although the dynamic characteristics vary depending on the collision speed and the vehicle load, the relative speed between the vehicles does not increase, and the dashpot 21 does not function sufficiently, so that the self-coupling force reduction effect is not recognized.
In view of the above, development of a new shock absorber for a vehicle coupler for a Shinkansen train is desired.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in order to cope with such a problem, and provides a vehicle coupler damper that can increase the energy capacity to reduce the peak value of the self-coupling force and suppress the peak value to an arbitrary constant value. The purpose is to provide.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a vehicle coupler shock absorber of the present invention is a shock absorber for a coupler that connects a plurality of railway vehicles, and has a hydraulic cylinder having a rod that receives a self-coupling force applied to the coupler, and a hydraulic cylinder. Equipped with a control valve for controlling the withdrawal of oil into the inside, a return spring for the rod, and a sensor for detecting the shock absorber force,
Unless the shock absorber displacement is near 0, until the return spring force of the rod reaches the strength of the end of the vehicle body structure of the railway vehicle, the shock absorber force is not affected by the shock absorber displacement and the displacement speed. as will be substantially constant intensity extent of the vehicle body structure end portion of the vehicle, the flow rate both of the oil put pressure and removal from the oil of the hydraulic cylinders and controlling by the control valve.
[0012]
With such a structure, a substantially flat shock absorber displacement-shock absorber force (δ-F) characteristic is exhibited, so that the absorbed energy under a predetermined self-coupling force is maximized, and conversely, the shock absorber force is reduced. Since it is minimized, the strength of the vehicle body and the safety against train buckling can be increased.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a shock absorber for a vehicle coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an entire configuration including a peripheral portion of a shock absorber for a vehicle coupler according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 is an oil shock absorber used for the emergency vehicle coupler 55 of the leading vehicle of the Shinkansen train 51. The shock absorber 100 for a vehicle coupler generally includes a hydraulic cylinder 110, a control valve 120, a return spring 140, a sensor 150, and an oil tank 160. The hydraulic cylinder 110 has a function of receiving the self-coupling force applied to the emergency vehicle coupler 55. The control valve 120 has a function of controlling the withdrawal of hydraulic oil between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the oil tank 160. The return spring 140 is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 110 and has a function of receiving a self-coupling force applied to the emergency vehicle coupler 55 and returning the hydraulic cylinder 110 to its original state before the displacement. The sensor 150 uses, for example, a load cell, is mounted on the pin joint 54 connecting the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the emergency vehicle coupler 55, and has a function of detecting a shock absorber force. The vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 having such a configuration is fixed below the head of the Shinkansen train 51.
[0015]
The emergency vehicle coupler 55 is connected to an end of the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 via pins 52 and 53 and a pin joint 54 arranged orthogonally. The emergency vehicle coupler 55 is suspended by a wire 57 via a spring suspension device 56 which is locked above the head of the Shinkansen train 51 at the time of coupling. In addition, when ascending and descending, it pivots around the pin 53 as shown by a dashed line in the figure, and is hooked on a coupler fitting 58 provided at the center of the head of the Shinkansen train 51.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view showing a detailed structure of the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the return spring 140 that constitute the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 shown in FIG.
A piston 112 is fitted to the inner end of the cylinder 111 of the hydraulic cylinder 110, and a rubber cushioning material 113 is fitted to the inner rear end. An inlet port 111a for receiving hydraulic oil from the control valve 120 is provided at an outer peripheral end of the cylinder 111, and a removal port 111b for extracting hydraulic oil to the control valve 120 is provided at an outer peripheral rear end. A rear end of a rod 114 is fixed to the piston 112. A return spring 140 made of a spring material is inserted and fixed between the tip of the rod 114 and the tip of the cylinder 111.
[0017]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a detailed structure of the control valve 120 constituting the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 shown in FIG.
As the control valve 120, a proportional electromagnetic control valve (for example, a product name: intelligent flow rate pressure control module (IP series), a manufacturer name: Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd.) is used. The control valve 120 includes a valve 121 driven in response to the signal Xr, a bleed valve 122 for releasing a part of the pressure on the outlet side of the valve 121, a detecting means 123 for detecting the opening X of the valve 121, Detecting means 124a and 124b for the inlet pressure Pa and the outlet pressure Pb are provided.
[0018]
Further, means 125 for calculating the flow rate Q from the pressure difference and the opening degree X, means 126 for calculating the valve opening degree Xq from the flow rate Q and the flow rate command signal Qr, and valve opening based on the outlet pressure Pb and the pressure command signal Pbr. There are provided means 127 for calculating the degree Xp, and means 128 for determining the meter-in and meter-out directions from the difference between the detected pressures. A means 129 for selecting the smaller one of the valve openings Xq and Xp when the determination result is meter-in and the larger one of the valve openings Xq and Xp when the determination result is meter-out, A means 130 for driving the valve 121 according to the degree and a driving means 131 for opening the bleed valve 122 when the determination result is meter-in.
[0019]
According to the control valve 120 having such a configuration, since the active cartridge is servo-controlled by the proportional solenoid valve, high response can be realized. Further, since the flow rate and the pressure are controlled by software using the sensor signal, high accuracy can be realized. In addition, since the internal leakage is small with the poppet type, and the flow rate and pressure can be monitored during control, high reliability can be realized. Furthermore, since the meter-in / meter-out control can be performed by the same cartridge, reversible flow is possible, and a free flow check valve is not required, so that compactness and cost reduction can be achieved.
[0020]
The present invention is not limited to the control valve 120 having such a configuration, and controls, for example, a directional control valve that performs switching operation in response to pilot pressure, and pilot hydraulic oil supplied to the left and right pilot chambers of the directional control valve. A three-way flow control valve, a circuit for connecting the left and right pilot chambers to the tank via orifices, and a controller for controlling the operation of the three-way flow control valve based on a command signal and a position signal of the direction control valve. A proportional solenoid directional control valve can also be used.
[0021]
Next, a specific operation example of the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a shock absorber displacement-damper force (δ-F) characteristic of the shock absorber 100 for a vehicle coupler.
In the initial state, that is, when the shock absorber displacement δ is near 0, the shock absorber force F detected by the sensor 150 is less than, for example, 490 kN (50 tf) at the end of the body structure of the faulty knitting. It is closed. Therefore, the spring characteristic due to the compressibility of the hydraulic oil in the cylinder 111 of the hydraulic cylinder 110 is shown.
[0022]
For example, assuming that the inner diameter of the cylinder 111 is 140 mm, the stroke of the piston 112 is 360 mm, and the bulk modulus of hydraulic oil is 1.37 × 109 N / m 2, the spring stiffness when the shock absorber displacement δ is near 0 is 58.6 MN / m. It is very hard compared to general rubber shock absorbers. It is excessive in buffering the front-rear impulses that normally occur between vehicles, but this should be absorbed by an opposing rubber shock absorber.
[0023]
Next, when the shock absorber displacement δ reaches a certain value and the shock absorber force F detected by the sensor 150 is going to exceed 490 kN (50 tf), the control valve 120 sets the reaction force of the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100 as a reaction force. In order to maximize the work performed by the load while keeping the generated vehicle end load within the strength, the hydraulic oil in the cylinder 111 is removed, the resistance of the rod 114 and the return spring 140 is adjusted, and the shock absorber force F It is maintained at 490 kN (50 tf) regardless of the speed. Further, as described above, the stroke of the piston 112 is set to 360 mm longer than that of a normal shock absorber, thereby increasing the shock absorbing capacity.
[0024]
When the shock absorber displacement δ reaches 300 mm, the force of the return spring 140 reaches 490 kN (50 tf), and the resistance of the rod 114 becomes zero. When the shock absorber displacement δ exceeds 300 mm, the control valve 120 is fully opened. Therefore, in this region where the shock absorber force F increases with the shock absorber displacement δ, only the return spring 140 and the shock absorber 113 act.
According to the vehicle coupler shock absorber 100, the resistance of the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the return spring 140 is adjusted by the control of the control valve 120, so that the shock absorber displacement is substantially flat regardless of the speed of the hydraulic cylinder 110. By obtaining the (δ-F) characteristic, the peak value of the transient self-coupling force can be suppressed to an arbitrary constant value or less.
[0025]
Although the above-described shock absorber 100 for a vehicle coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described as an oil shock absorber used for the emergency vehicle coupler 55 of the leading vehicle of the Shinkansen train 51, the invention is not limited to this. Instead, it can also be used as a connector for connecting railway vehicles.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the self-coupling force can be suppressed to about the vehicle end strength by increasing the buffer capacity, so that the safety when rescuing a failed train by a rescue train is improved. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration including a peripheral portion of a shock absorber for a vehicle coupler according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view showing a detailed structure of a hydraulic cylinder and a return spring constituting the shock absorber for a vehicle coupler shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a detailed structure of a control valve constituting the shock absorber for a vehicle coupler shown in FIG. 1;
4 is a diagram showing an example of a shock absorber displacement-damper force (δ-F) characteristic of the shock absorber for a vehicle coupler shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a partially sectional plan view showing an example of a conventional shock absorber provided in a vehicle coupler.
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the shock absorber of FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional side view showing another example of the conventional shock absorber provided in the vehicle coupler.
[Explanation of symbols]
51 Shinkansen train 52 Pin 53 Pin 54 Pin joint 55 Emergency vehicle coupler 56 Spring suspension device 57 Wire 58 Connector latch 100 Bracket for vehicle coupler 110 Hydraulic cylinder 111 Cylinder 112 Piston 113 Buffer material 114 Rod 111a Port 111b Pull-out port Reference Signs List 120 Control valve 121 Valve 122 Bleed valve 123 Opening degree detecting means 124a Inlet pressure detecting means 124b Outlet pressure detecting means 125 Flow rate calculating means 126 Opening degree calculating means 127 Opening degree calculating means 128 Direction determining means 129 Selecting means 130 Valve driving means 131 Bleed Valve drive means 140 Return spring 150 Sensor 160 Oil tank

Claims (1)

複数の鉄道車両を連結する連結器用の緩衝器であって;
連結器にかかる自連力を受けるロッドを有する油圧シリンダと、油圧シリンダ内への油の抜き入れをコントロールする制御弁と、ロッドの戻しばねと、緩衝器力を検出するセンサを備え、
該緩衝器変位が0近傍を除く、上記ロッドの戻しばね力が上記鉄道車両の車体構体端部の強度に達するまでの間、緩衝器力が、緩衝器変位及び変位速度にかかわりなく、上記鉄道車両の車体構体端部の強度程度のほぼ一定値となるように、上記油圧シリンダの油の圧力及び抜き入れする油の流量の双方を上記制御弁で制御することを特徴とする車両連結器用緩衝器。
A shock absorber for a coupling connecting a plurality of railway vehicles;
A hydraulic cylinder having a rod that receives a self-coupling force applied to the coupler, a control valve that controls the extraction of oil into the hydraulic cylinder, a return spring of the rod, and a sensor that detects a shock absorber force,
Excluding the buffer displacement near 0, until the return spring force of the rod reaches the strength of the vehicle body structure end portion of the railway vehicle, shock absorber forces, shock absorber displacement and regardless of the displacement speed, the train as will be substantially constant intensity extent of the vehicle body structure end portion of the vehicle, the vehicle coupling dexterity, characterized by controlling both the flow rate of the oil to be put pressure and removal from the oil of the hydraulic cylinders at the control valve Shock absorber.
JP05492899A 1999-03-03 1999-03-03 Shock absorber for vehicle coupler Expired - Fee Related JP3583940B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2305531B1 (en) * 2009-10-01 2012-02-22 Voith Patent GmbH Device for damping forces of traction and compression
RU2550110C2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-05-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Брянский государственный технический университет" Friction polymeric shock-absorber
RU2549426C2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-04-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Брянский государственный технический университет" Friction polymeric shock-absorber
CN104008696B (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-01-04 柳州铁道职业技术学院 EMUs coupler and draft gear practical traning platform
US10792119B2 (en) 2017-05-22 2020-10-06 Ethicon Llc Robotic arm cart and uses therefor
US10856948B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2020-12-08 Verb Surgical Inc. Cart for robotic arms and method and apparatus for registering cart to surgical table
US10485623B2 (en) 2017-06-01 2019-11-26 Verb Surgical Inc. Robotic arm cart with fine position adjustment features and uses therefor
US10913145B2 (en) 2017-06-20 2021-02-09 Verb Surgical Inc. Cart for robotic arms and method and apparatus for cartridge or magazine loading of arms
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