JP3576761B2 - Image forming device - Google Patents

Image forming device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3576761B2
JP3576761B2 JP20692897A JP20692897A JP3576761B2 JP 3576761 B2 JP3576761 B2 JP 3576761B2 JP 20692897 A JP20692897 A JP 20692897A JP 20692897 A JP20692897 A JP 20692897A JP 3576761 B2 JP3576761 B2 JP 3576761B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
image
toner
intermediate transfer
image carrier
roller
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JPH1152748A (en
Inventor
和弘 船谷
鶴谷  貴明
俊明 宮代
逹也 小林
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電子写真方式によって画像形成を行う複写機、プリンタ、ファクシミリ等の画像形成装置に係り、特に第1の像担持体上に形成した現像剤画像(トナー画像)を一旦第2の像担持体(中間転写体)上に1次転写させ、該第2の像担持体に転写材を接触転写部材で圧接させて一括2次転写することで、転写体上に画像形成する画像形成装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ドラム型の電子写真感光体(以下、感光ドラムという)上に形成したトナー像を、一旦中間転写体(例えば中間転写ドラム)上に1次転写させ、該中間転写体に転写されたトナー像を転写材へ接触転写部材により2次転写して画像形成を行う画像形成装置は、各成分色画像の重ね合わせ位置の物理的なずれ(色ずれ)の少ないカラー画像を得ることができるので、色再現性のよいカラー画像情報を合成再現した画像形成物を出力する装置として実用化されている。
【0003】
ところで、中間転写体を用いた画像形成装置においては、中間転写体から紙などの転写材への2次転写後に、中間転写体上に残留した転写材に転写しきれなかったいわゆる2次転写残トナーを除去(クリーニング)することが、良好な画像を得るうえで重要である。
【0004】
このため、従来、2次転写後、1次転写前にファーブラシやクリーニングブレードを設けて2次転写残トナーを掻き取る手法が用いられていた。この場合、中間転写体表面を力学的に摺擦することになるため、表面が劣化する、トナーが融着する等の問題点が発生しやすく、更に構成が複雑になったりクリーニングしたトナーをためておく容器が別に必要になる等の問題点があった。
【0005】
このような問題点を解決するために、1次転写同時クリーニング方式が提案されている。これは、中間転写体上の2次転写残トナーを、帯電ローラ(中間転写体に当接離間自在な中間転写体クリーニング装置)によって感光ドラムの帯電電位と逆極性に帯電させ、1次転写ニップにおいて感光ドラムに回収し、同時に1次転写も行うという手法である。
【0006】
この手法では2次転写残トナーは感光ドラムを経て、感光ドラムのクリーニングユニットに回収されるため、2次転写残トナーを収容する廃トナー容器を別途設ける必要がない。また、中間転写体をブラシ等の2次転写残トナーを掻き取る手法によって摺擦しないため、中間転写体の長寿命化が図れる。更に、1次転写を行うに際して2次転写残トナーの感光ドラムへの移行を同時に行うので、スループットが低下しない等の利点がある。
【0007】
また、連続プリント時においても、中間転写体上の逆帯電された2次転写残トナーと、感光ドラム上の1次転写される正規トナーのお互いの電荷は、短時間の接触では相殺されないため、感光ドラムと中間転写体の1次転写ニップ部で、逆帯電された2次転写残トナーは感光ドラムへ、正規帯電している感光ドラム上のトナーは中間転写体へそれぞれ転写することができ、2次転写残トナーが次のプリント時に転写材上に転写されることなく、良好な画像が出力される。
【0008】
また、2次転写直後の中間転写体は、それ自身抵抗、容量を持つため、1次、2次転写時に帯電している。そのため、連続プリント時において、中間転写体の帯電状態が1枚目のプリントの1次転写直前と、2枚目以降のプリントの1次転写直前で異なり、1次転写の効率が変わってしまうことによって、プリントの濃度等が変化してしまう。これを避けるために、前記帯電ローラは中間転写体を除電し、2枚目以降のプリントの1次転写直前での中間転写体の帯電状態を、1枚目のプリントの1次転写直前と同じにする役割も持っている。
【0009】
上述した1次転写同時クリーニング方式を以下ICL方式もしくはICLと称し、また、2次転写残トナーの帯電手段をICL手段とし、更にICL手段に帯電ローラを用いた場合これをICLローラと称することにする。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上述したICL方式では、連続プリント時において、中間転写体を除電する際に、中間転写体とICLローラ(帯電ローラ)との当接状態がよくないと除電むらが生じ、2枚目以降のプリントの1次転写直前の中間転写体の帯電状態が中間転写体の各部分で異なってしまうと、その各部分で1次転写効率に差が生じ、その差は濃度のむらとして画像に現れてしまう。
【0011】
また、2次転写残トナーを帯電させる際に、放電が不十分であると2次転写残トナーの帯電極性を完全に反転させることができず、中間転写体のクリーニングが不完全になってしまう。その結果、クリーニングしきれなかった2次転写残トナーは、次プリント時に汚れとして画像に現れてしまう。
【0012】
そこで本発明は、安定した第2の像担持体のクリーニングと除電を行い、クリーニング不良による汚れや濃度のむらのない良好な画像を出力することができる画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上述事情に鑑みなされたものであって、第1の像担持体上に形成されたトナー画像を1次転写される第2の像担持体と、該第2の像担持体に1次転写された前記トナー画像を転写材へ2次転写する2次転写体と、前記第2の像担持体に当接離間自在に設置され、2次転写後に前記第2の像担持体に当接しバイアス電源からのバイアス印加により前記第2の像担持体に残留した2次転写残トナーを帯電するトナー帯電部材と、を備え、該トナー帯電部材で帯電された前記2次転写残トナーを、1次転写と同時に前記第1の像担持体側で回収することによって前記第2の像担持体のクリーニングを行う画像形成装置において、前記第2の像担持体の表面粗さRzと前記トナー帯電部材の表面粗さRzの和を、用いたトナーの平均粒径以上で、かつ30μm以下としたことを特徴としている。
【0014】
また、前記第2の像担持体は、ベルト形状で表層抵抗が10 13 Ωcm以上10 16 Ωcm以下であることを特徴としている。
【0015】
また、前記トナーの平均粒径が7μmであることを特徴としている。
【0016】
また、前記トナー帯電部材がローラ形状であり、該トナー帯電部材のアスカーC硬度が10〜70°であることを特徴としている。
【0017】
(作用)
本発明者らの実験によれば、中間転写ベルト(第2の像担持体)の表面粗さRzとICLローラ(トナー帯電部材)の表面粗さRzの和を、用いたトナーの平均粒径以上で、かつ30μm以下とすることにより、中間転写ベルトとICLローラとが良好に当接されることによって、濃度むらとトナー飛散のない良好な画像を出力できることを見いだした。
【0018】
また、本発明者らの実験によれば、ICLローラ(トナー帯電部材)のアスカーC硬度を10〜70°とすることにより、中間転写ベルト(第2の像担持体)とICLローラ(トナー帯電部材)とが良好に当接されることによって、中間転写ベルトの傷の発生をなくし、クリーニング不良を防止して良好な画像を出力できることを見いだした。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
【0020】
(第1の実施の形態)
図1は、本実施の形態に係る画像形成装置(本実施の形態では、カラー画像形成可能なレーザービームプリンタ)を示す概略構成図である。
【0021】
この画像形成装置は、第1の像担持体としての感光ドラム1、帯電器2、露光装置3、現像装置5、第2の像担持体としての中間転写ベルト6、2次転写体としての2次転写ローラ7などを備えている。
【0022】
感光ドラム1は、OPC感光ドラムであり、アルミニウム等からなるシリンダ状の基体上に下引き層、電荷注入層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を有し、所定のプロセススピードで矢印a方向に回転駆動され、帯電器2により一様帯電される。露光装置3は、入力される画像情報に応じてレーザー光(走査光)Lによる露光を、反射ミラー4を介して帯電処理された感光ドラム1上に行って静電潜像を形成する。
【0023】
現像装置5は、イエロー(Y)現像器5a、マゼンタ(M)現像器5b、シアン(C)現像器5c、及びブラック(K)現像器5dを備えている。
【0024】
中間転写ベルト6は、駆動ローラ8、2次転写対向ローラ9、及びテンションローラ10によって張架されており、駆動ローラ8の回転駆動によって矢印b方向に回転する。
【0025】
中間転写ベルト6が感光ドラム1に接触する1次転写部には、中間転写ベルト6を介して感光ドラム1に当接する1次転写ローラ11が配置されており、1次転写ローラ11には1次転写バイアス電源12が接続されている。また、2次転写対向ローラ9には、中間転写ベルト6を介して2次転写ローラ7が当接離間自在に設置され、2次転写部が形成されている。2次転写ローラ7には2次転写バイアス電源13が接続されている。
【0026】
中間転写ベルト6の2次転写対向ローラ9とテンションローラ10との間の外周面には、ローラ状の多層構成のICLローラ(帯電ローラ)14が当接離間自在に設置されている。ICLローラ14にはICLバイアス電源15が接続されており、ICL帯電バイアスが印加される。
【0027】
次に、上述した画像形成装置の画像形成動作について説明する。
【0028】
画像形成時には、感光ドラム1は駆動手段(不図示)により所定のプロセススピードで回転駆動され、所定の帯電バイアスが印加された帯電器2により所定の極性、電位に帯電処理される。
【0029】
そして、帯電された感光ドラム1上に露光装置3により反射ミラー4を介してレーザー光Lによる画像露光が与えられ、目的のカラー画像の第1の色成分像(例えばイエロ成分像)に対応した静電潜像が形成される。次いで、イエロー(Y)現像器5aにより前記静電潜像が第1色であるイエロートナーにより現像される。
【0030】
感光ドラム1上に形成担持された第1色のイエロートナー画像は、感光ドラム1と中間転写ベルト6間の1次転写ニップ部を通過する過程で、この1次転写ニップ部での圧力と1次転写バイアス電源12より1次転写ローラ11に印加される1次転写バイアスにより形成される電界とによって、中間転写ベルト6上に1次転写されていく。以下、同様にしてマゼンタ(M)現像器5b、シアン(C)現像器5c、ブラック(BK)現像器5dにより感光ドラム1上にそれぞれ形成担持された第2色のマゼンタトナー画像、第3色のシアントナー画像、第4色のブラックトナー画像が順次中間転写ベルト6上に重畳転写され、目的のカラー画像に対応した合成カラートナー画像が形成される。
【0031】
この際、感光ドラム1から中間転写ベルト6への第1〜第4色のトナー画像の重畳転写のための1次転写バイアス電源12から印加される1次転写バイアスは、トナーと逆極性(正極性)である。なお、感光ドラム1から中間転写ベルト6への第1〜第4色のトナー画像の重畳転写過程においては、2次転写ローラ7及びICLローラ14は中間転写ベルト6から離間している。
【0032】
そして、給紙カセット(不図示)から紙などの転写材Pが中間転写ベルト6と2次転写ローラ7間の2次転写ニップ部に搬送される。この際、2次転写バイアス電源13より2次転写ローラ7へ2次転写バイアス(正極性)が印加され、中間転写ベルト6から転写材P上に合成カラートナー画像が転写される。
【0033】
そして、合成カラートナー画像が転写された転写材Pは、転写材Pによって定着装置(不図示)に搬送され、転写材P上に合成カラートナー画像が定着されて出力される。
【0034】
前記2次転写時において、中間転写ベルト6上に2次転写されずに残った2次転写残トナーは、ICLバイアス電源15から所定のICLバイアス(本実施の形態では、直流成分に交流成分を重畳したバイアス)が印加された中間転写ベルト6に当接するICLローラ14によって、本来とは逆極性の正極性に転換されて感光ドラム1に静電的に吸着し、中間転写ベルト6上は清掃化される。
【0035】
従って、1次転写ニップ部では負極性のトナーは中間転写体7に向かう力が、正極性のトナーは感光ドラム1に戻る力が働くことになり、1次転写部でのクリーニングプロセスが可能になる。
【0036】
感光ドラム1上に吸着した2次転写残トナーはその後、クリーニング装置16によって回収され、除電露光器17によって感光ドラム1表面を初期化して次の画像形成動作に備える。
【0037】
前記中間転写ベルト6として、本実施の形態では周長400mm、厚さ1mmのEPDMUゴムの基層上に、ウレタンゴムにPTFE等のフッ素樹脂を分散させた抵抗が1013〜1016Ωcmと高抵抗な表層を設けたものを用た。また、ICLローラ14として、本実施の形態では導電ゴムの基層上に保護層を設けた弾性ローラを用いた。
【0038】
そして、上述した画像形成動作によって得られる画像の濃度むらの発生及び中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との間のニップ部におけるトナー飛散の様子と、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との表面粗さRzの和の関係とを評価した。なお、このときに用いたトナーは平均粒径が7μmであった。以下に示す表1はこれらの評価結果である。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0003576761
表1に示すように、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との表面粗さRzの和が40μm以上になると、中間転写ベルト6にICLローラ14が当接した際に良好に当接しない部分ができ、その部分の除電が不完全になるために画像上に濃度むらが発生した。一方、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との表面粗さRzの和が30μm以下になると、中間転写ベルト6にICLローラ14が良好に当接することによって、画像上に濃度むらは発生しなかった。
【0040】
ところが、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との表面粗さRzの和が、用いたトナーの平均粒径7μm以下になると、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との間のニップ部においてトナー飛散が発生した。これは、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との間のニップ部において、交流電界が印加された際に、中間転写ベルト6及びICLローラ14の表面がトナーを保持することができないためと考えられる。
【0041】
以上のことから、本実施の形態では、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14との表面粗さRzの和を、用いたトナーの平均粒径(本実施の形態では7μm)以上、かつ30μm以下とした。これにより、中間転写ベルト6の除電むらと画像の濃度むらの発生を防止することができ、かつトナー飛散のない良好な画像を出力することができた。
【0042】
尚、本実施の形態では、第2の像担持体として中間転写ベルトを用いたが、第2の像担持体として中間転写ドラムを用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0043】
(第2の実施の形態)
本実施の形態では、図1に示した第1の実施の形態における画像形成装置を用いて、上述した画像形成動作による中間転写ベルト6の傷の様子及び中間転写ベルト6のクリーニングの様子と、ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度との関係を評価した。以下に示す表2はこれらの評価結果である。
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0003576761
表2において、中間転写ベルト6の傷の様子については、○は中間転写ベルト6上に傷が見られない、△は中間転写ベルト6上に傷が見られるものの画像上には現れていない、×は中間転写ベルト6上に生じた傷が画像上に現れていることを示している。また、中間転写ベルト6のクリーニングの様子については、○は中間転写ベルト6全体のクリーニングが良好、△は中間転写ベルト6の一部がクリーニング不良、×は中間転写ベルト6全体がクリーニング不良を示している。
【0045】
表2に示すように、ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度が5°以下の場合では柔らかすぎるため、図2に示すように、中間転写ベルト6との間で適正なニップをとることができなくなる。このため、ICLローラ14と中間転写ベルト6間で良好な放電が行われなくなるために、2次転写残トナーの帯電極性を反転させることができず、中間転写ベルト6全体でクリーニング不良が発生した。
【0046】
ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度が10°の場合では、中間転写ベルト6との当接圧が弱くなるICLローラ14の中央部ではニップが適正になり、中間転写ベルト6の中央部ではクリーニング不良は発生しなかったが、中間転写ベルト6との当接圧が強くなるICLローラ14の両端部ではニップが適正にならず、クリーニング不良が発生した。
【0047】
ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度が20°以上の場合では、図3に示すように、中間転写ベルト6とICLローラ14とのニップが適正になり、中間転写ベルト6全体にクリーニング不良は発生しなかった。
【0048】
また、ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度が70°以上の場合では硬すぎるために、アスカーC硬度が70〜80°では中間転写ベルト6上に傷が見られるものの画像上には現れなかったが、アスカーC硬度が80°以上になると、中間転写ベルト6上に生じた傷が画像上に現れた。
【0049】
以上のことから、本実施の形態では、ICLローラ14のアスカーC硬度を10〜70°、より好ましくは20〜60°とした。これにより、中間転写ベルト6の傷の発生と中間転写ベルト6のクリーニング不良の発生を防止して、良好なな画像を出力することができた。
【0050】
尚、本実施の形態では、第2の像担持体として中間転写ベルトを用いたが、第2の像担持体として中間転写ドラムを用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、第2の像担持体とトナー帯電部材との表面粗さRzの和を、用いたトナーの平均粒径以上で、かつ30μm以下とすることによって、第2の像担持体とトナー帯電部材とが良好に当接されることにより、第2の像担持体の帯電むらが生じることが防止され、濃度むらのない良好な画像を出力することができる。
【0052】
また、トナー帯電部材のアスカーC硬度を10〜70°とすることによって、第2の像担持体とトナー帯電部材とが良好に当接されることにより、第2の像担持体に傷が生じることはなく、クリーニング不良を防止して良好な画像を出力することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る画像形成装置を示す概略構成図。
【図2】ICLローラと中間転写ベルトとの間のニップのようすを示す図。
【図3】ICLローラと中間転写ベルトとの間のニップのようすを示す図。
【符号の説明】
1 感光ドラム(第1の像担持体)
2 帯電器
3 露光装置
5 現像装置
6 中間転写ベルト(第2の像担持体)
7 2次転写ローラ(2次転写体)
14 ICLローラ(トナー帯電部材)
15 ICLバイアス電源[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile or the like that forms an image by an electrophotographic method, and in particular, a developer image (toner image) formed on a first image carrier is temporarily converted to a second image. An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a transfer body by performing primary transfer onto a carrier (intermediate transfer body), and performing secondary batch transfer by pressing a transfer material against the second image carrier with a contact transfer member. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A toner image formed on a drum-type electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter, referred to as a photosensitive drum) is once primarily transferred onto an intermediate transfer member (for example, an intermediate transfer drum), and the toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer member is temporarily transferred. An image forming apparatus that forms an image by performing secondary transfer to a transfer material by a contact transfer member can obtain a color image with less physical shift (color shift) of the superposition position of each component color image. It has been put to practical use as an apparatus that outputs an image formed product that combines and reproduces color image information with good reproducibility.
[0003]
By the way, in an image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member, after a secondary transfer from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material such as paper, a so-called secondary transfer residue that cannot be completely transferred to the transfer material remaining on the intermediate transfer member. Removing (cleaning) the toner is important for obtaining a good image.
[0004]
For this reason, conventionally, a method of providing a fur brush or a cleaning blade after the secondary transfer and before the primary transfer to scrape off the secondary transfer residual toner has been used. In this case, since the surface of the intermediate transfer member is mechanically rubbed, problems such as deterioration of the surface and fusion of the toner are liable to occur. There is a problem that a separate container is required.
[0005]
In order to solve such a problem, a primary transfer simultaneous cleaning system has been proposed. This is because the secondary transfer residual toner on the intermediate transfer member is charged to a polarity opposite to the charging potential of the photosensitive drum by a charging roller (an intermediate transfer member cleaning device capable of coming into contact with and separating from the intermediate transfer member) and the primary transfer nip is formed. In this method, the toner is collected on a photosensitive drum and primary transfer is performed at the same time.
[0006]
In this method, since the secondary transfer residual toner is collected by the cleaning unit of the photosensitive drum via the photosensitive drum, it is not necessary to separately provide a waste toner container for accommodating the secondary transfer residual toner . Further, since the intermediate transfer body is not rubbed by a method of scraping the secondary transfer residual toner such as a brush, the life of the intermediate transfer body can be extended . Furthermore, since the transfer of the secondary transfer residual toner to the photosensitive drum is performed simultaneously when performing the primary transfer, there is an advantage that the throughput does not decrease.
[0007]
In addition, even during continuous printing, the mutual charge of the oppositely charged secondary transfer residual toner on the intermediate transfer member and the normal transfer of the primary transferred primary toner on the photosensitive drum are not canceled out by short-time contact. At the primary transfer nip portion of the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer body, the secondary transfer residual toner that is oppositely charged can be transferred to the photosensitive drum, and the toner on the normally charged photosensitive drum can be transferred to the intermediate transfer body. A good image is output without the secondary transfer residual toner being transferred onto the transfer material during the next printing.
[0008]
Further, the intermediate transfer member immediately after the secondary transfer has its own resistance and capacity, and thus is charged during the primary and secondary transfer. Therefore, during continuous printing, the charged state of the intermediate transfer member is different between immediately before the primary transfer of the first print and immediately before the primary transfer of the second and subsequent prints, and the efficiency of the primary transfer changes. Changes the print density and the like. In order to avoid this, the charging roller neutralizes the intermediate transfer member, and sets the charged state of the intermediate transfer member immediately before the primary transfer of the second and subsequent prints to be the same as that immediately before the primary transfer of the first print. It also has the role of
[0009]
The above-described primary transfer simultaneous cleaning method is hereinafter referred to as an ICL method or an ICL, and a charging means for secondary transfer residual toner is referred to as an ICL means. Further, when a charging roller is used as the ICL means, this is referred to as an ICL roller. I do.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the above-described ICL method, when the intermediate transfer member is discharged during continuous printing, if the contact state between the intermediate transfer member and the ICL roller (charging roller) is not good, uneven discharge occurs, and the second and subsequent sheets are printed. If the charge state of the intermediate transfer member immediately before the primary transfer of the print is different in each portion of the intermediate transfer member, a difference occurs in the primary transfer efficiency in each portion, and the difference appears in the image as uneven density. I will.
[0011]
In addition, when the secondary transfer residual toner is charged, if the discharge is insufficient, the charge polarity of the secondary transfer residual toner cannot be completely reversed, and the cleaning of the intermediate transfer member becomes incomplete. . As a result, the secondary transfer residual toner that has not been completely cleaned appears on the image as dirt during the next print.
[0012]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an image forming apparatus capable of performing stable cleaning and static elimination of a second image carrier and outputting a good image free from contamination and uneven density due to defective cleaning.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a second image carrier on which a toner image formed on a first image carrier is primarily transferred and a second image carrier. A secondary transfer member for secondarily transferring the primary-transferred toner image to a transfer material; and a second transfer member which is disposed so as to be in contact with and separate from the second image carrier, and is transferred to the second image carrier after the second transfer. And a toner charging member for charging the secondary transfer residual toner remaining on the second image carrier by application of a bias from a bias power supply, wherein the secondary transfer residual toner charged by the toner charging member is charged. An image forming apparatus that cleans the second image carrier by collecting the toner on the first image carrier side at the same time as the primary transfer, wherein the surface roughness Rz of the second image carrier and the toner charging; The sum of the surface roughness Rz of the member should be smaller than the average particle size of the toner used. In, and is characterized in that a 30μm or less.
[0014]
Also, the second image bearing member is characterized in that the surface layer of the resistance by the belt shape is less 10 13 [Omega] cm or more 10 16 [Omega] cm.
[0015]
Further, the toner is characterized in that the average particle diameter of the toner is 7 μm.
[0016]
Further, the toner charging member has a roller shape, and the toner charging member has an Asker C hardness of 10 to 70 °.
[0017]
(Action)
According to the experiments performed by the present inventors, the average particle size of the toner used was determined by the sum of the surface roughness Rz of the intermediate transfer belt (second image carrier) and the surface roughness Rz of the ICL roller (toner charging member). As described above, it has been found that by setting the thickness to 30 μm or less, the intermediate transfer belt and the ICL roller are brought into good contact with each other, whereby a good image without density unevenness and toner scattering can be output.
[0018]
Further, according to the experiments of the present inventors, by setting the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller (toner charging member) to 10 to 70 °, the intermediate transfer belt (second image carrier) and the ICL roller (toner charging It has been found that the good contact between the first transfer member and the first transfer member prevents the intermediate transfer belt from being damaged, thereby preventing poor cleaning and outputting a good image.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
(First Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an image forming apparatus (a laser beam printer capable of forming a color image in the present embodiment) according to the present embodiment.
[0021]
This image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum 1 as a first image carrier, a charger 2, an exposure device 3, a developing device 5, an intermediate transfer belt 6 as a second image carrier, and a secondary transfer member 2 as a second image carrier. A secondary transfer roller 7 and the like are provided.
[0022]
The photosensitive drum 1 is an OPC photosensitive drum, and has an undercoat layer, a charge injection layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer on a cylindrical substrate made of aluminum or the like, and rotates at a predetermined process speed in the direction of arrow a. It is driven and uniformly charged by the charger 2. The exposure device 3 forms an electrostatic latent image by performing exposure with laser light (scanning light) L on the charged photosensitive drum 1 via the reflection mirror 4 in accordance with input image information.
[0023]
The developing device 5 includes a yellow (Y) developing device 5a, a magenta (M) developing device 5b, a cyan (C) developing device 5c, and a black (K) developing device 5d.
[0024]
The intermediate transfer belt 6 is stretched by a driving roller 8, a secondary transfer opposing roller 9, and a tension roller 10, and is rotated in a direction indicated by an arrow b by rotation of the driving roller 8.
[0025]
At a primary transfer portion where the intermediate transfer belt 6 contacts the photosensitive drum 1, a primary transfer roller 11 that contacts the photosensitive drum 1 via the intermediate transfer belt 6 is disposed. The next transfer bias power supply 12 is connected. A secondary transfer roller 7 is provided on the secondary transfer opposing roller 9 via an intermediate transfer belt 6 so as to be able to come into contact with and separate from the secondary transfer roller 7 to form a secondary transfer portion. A secondary transfer bias power supply 13 is connected to the secondary transfer roller 7.
[0026]
On the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 6 between the secondary transfer opposing roller 9 and the tension roller 10, an ICL roller (charging roller) 14 having a roller-like multi-layer configuration is provided so as to be able to freely contact and separate. An ICL bias power supply 15 is connected to the ICL roller 14, and an ICL charging bias is applied.
[0027]
Next, an image forming operation of the above-described image forming apparatus will be described.
[0028]
At the time of image formation, the photosensitive drum 1 is rotated at a predetermined process speed by a driving unit (not shown), and is charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by the charger 2 to which a predetermined charging bias is applied.
[0029]
Then, image exposure with laser light L is given to the charged photosensitive drum 1 by the exposure device 3 via the reflection mirror 4 to correspond to a first color component image (for example, a yellow component image) of a target color image. An electrostatic latent image is formed. Next, the electrostatic latent image is developed by a yellow (Y) developing device 5a with a first color yellow toner.
[0030]
The yellow toner image of the first color formed and carried on the photosensitive drum 1 passes through the primary transfer nip between the photosensitive drum 1 and the intermediate transfer belt 6, and the pressure at the primary transfer nip is reduced by one. The primary transfer is performed on the intermediate transfer belt 6 by the electric field formed by the primary transfer bias applied to the primary transfer roller 11 from the secondary transfer bias power supply 12. Hereinafter, similarly, the magenta (M) developing unit 5b, the cyan (C) developing unit 5c, and the black (BK) developing unit 5d form and carry the second color magenta toner image and the third color, respectively, on the photosensitive drum 1. Are sequentially superimposed and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 6 to form a composite color toner image corresponding to the target color image.
[0031]
At this time, the primary transfer bias applied from the primary transfer bias power supply 12 for the superimposed transfer of the first to fourth color toner images from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer belt 6 has a polarity opposite to that of the toner (positive polarity). Gender). In the process of superimposing and transferring the first to fourth color toner images from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer belt 6, the secondary transfer roller 7 and the ICL roller 14 are separated from the intermediate transfer belt 6.
[0032]
Then, a transfer material P such as paper is transported from a paper feed cassette (not shown) to a secondary transfer nip between the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the secondary transfer roller 7. At this time, a secondary transfer bias (positive polarity) is applied to the secondary transfer roller 7 from the secondary transfer bias power supply 13, and the composite color toner image is transferred onto the transfer material P from the intermediate transfer belt 6.
[0033]
The transfer material P to which the composite color toner image has been transferred is conveyed to a fixing device (not shown) by the transfer material P, and the composite color toner image is fixed on the transfer material P and output.
[0034]
At the time of the secondary transfer, the secondary transfer residual toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 6 without being secondary-transferred is supplied from an ICL bias power supply 15 to a predetermined ICL bias (in the present embodiment, an AC component is converted into a DC component). By the ICL roller 14 contacting the intermediate transfer belt 6 to which the superimposed bias is applied, the polarity is changed to a polarity opposite to the original polarity and electrostatically attracted to the photosensitive drum 1, and the intermediate transfer belt 6 is cleaned. Be converted to
[0035]
Accordingly, in the primary transfer nip portion, a negative toner acts on the intermediate transfer member 7 and a positive toner returns on the photosensitive drum 1, thereby enabling a cleaning process in the primary transfer portion. Become.
[0036]
The secondary transfer residual toner adsorbed on the photosensitive drum 1 is thereafter collected by the cleaning device 16 and the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is initialized by the charge eliminating exposure device 17 to prepare for the next image forming operation.
[0037]
In the present embodiment, the intermediate transfer belt 6 has a high resistance of 10 13 to 10 16 Ωcm, in which a fluororesin such as PTFE is dispersed in urethane rubber on a base layer of EPDMU rubber having a circumference of 400 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. What provided the suitable surface layer was used. In this embodiment, an elastic roller having a protective layer provided on a conductive rubber base layer is used as the ICL roller 14.
[0038]
Then, the occurrence of density unevenness of the image obtained by the above-described image forming operation, the state of toner scattering in the nip portion between the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14, the surface roughness of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14, And the relationship of the sum of Rz was evaluated. The toner used at this time had an average particle size of 7 μm. Table 1 below shows these evaluation results.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003576761
As shown in Table 1, when the sum of the surface roughness Rz of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 is 40 μm or more, when the ICL roller 14 comes into contact with the intermediate transfer belt 6, a portion that does not come into good contact with the intermediate transfer belt 6 The density was uneven on the image due to the incomplete charge removal at that portion. On the other hand, when the sum of the surface roughnesses Rz of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 was 30 μm or less, the ICL roller 14 was in good contact with the intermediate transfer belt 6 and no density unevenness occurred on the image. .
[0040]
However, when the sum of the surface roughnesses Rz of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 becomes equal to or less than 7 μm in the average particle diameter of the used toner, toner scattering occurs at a nip portion between the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14. Occurred. This is considered because the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 cannot hold the toner when an AC electric field is applied in the nip portion between the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14. .
[0041]
From the above, in the present embodiment, the sum of the surface roughnesses Rz of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 is set to be equal to or larger than the average particle diameter of the toner used (7 μm in the present embodiment) and equal to or smaller than 30 μm. did. As a result, it was possible to prevent the occurrence of uneven charge removal of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and uneven image density, and to output a good image without toner scattering.
[0042]
In this embodiment, the intermediate transfer belt is used as the second image carrier, but the same effect can be obtained by using an intermediate transfer drum as the second image carrier.
[0043]
(Second embodiment)
In the present embodiment, using the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the state of the damage of the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the state of the cleaning of the intermediate transfer belt 6 due to the above-described image forming operation, The relationship between the ICL roller 14 and Asker C hardness was evaluated. Table 2 below shows these evaluation results.
[0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003576761
In Table 2, regarding the state of the scratches on the intermediate transfer belt 6, ○ indicates no scratch on the intermediate transfer belt 6, Δ indicates a scratch on the intermediate transfer belt 6 but does not appear on the image, X indicates that the scratches generated on the intermediate transfer belt 6 appear on the image. Regarding the state of cleaning of the intermediate transfer belt 6, ○ indicates that the entire intermediate transfer belt 6 is well cleaned, Δ indicates that a part of the intermediate transfer belt 6 is poorly cleaned, and X indicates that the entire intermediate transfer belt 6 is poorly cleaned. ing.
[0045]
As shown in Table 2, when the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller 14 is 5 ° or less, the ICL roller 14 is too soft, so that an appropriate nip with the intermediate transfer belt 6 cannot be obtained as shown in FIG. For this reason, since good discharge is not performed between the ICL roller 14 and the intermediate transfer belt 6, the charging polarity of the secondary transfer residual toner cannot be reversed, and cleaning failure occurs on the entire intermediate transfer belt 6. .
[0046]
When the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller 14 is 10 °, the nip is appropriate at the center of the ICL roller 14 where the contact pressure with the intermediate transfer belt 6 becomes weak, and the cleaning failure at the center of the intermediate transfer belt 6 is However, the nip was not appropriate at both ends of the ICL roller 14 where the contact pressure with the intermediate transfer belt 6 became strong, and cleaning failure occurred.
[0047]
When the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller 14 is 20 ° or more, as shown in FIG. 3, the nip between the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the ICL roller 14 becomes appropriate, and no cleaning failure occurs on the entire intermediate transfer belt 6. Was.
[0048]
When the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller 14 is 70 ° or more, it is too hard. When the Asker C hardness is 70 to 80 °, the intermediate transfer belt 6 is scratched but does not appear on the image. When the Asker C hardness became 80 ° or more, scratches generated on the intermediate transfer belt 6 appeared on the image.
[0049]
From the above, in the present embodiment, the Asker C hardness of the ICL roller 14 is set to 10 to 70 °, more preferably, 20 to 60 °. As a result, it was possible to prevent the occurrence of scratches on the intermediate transfer belt 6 and the occurrence of defective cleaning of the intermediate transfer belt 6, and to output a good image.
[0050]
In this embodiment, the intermediate transfer belt is used as the second image carrier, but the same effect can be obtained by using an intermediate transfer drum as the second image carrier.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the sum of the surface roughnesses Rz of the second image bearing member and the toner charging member is not less than the average particle diameter of the toner used and not more than 30 μm, The good contact between the second image bearing member and the toner charging member prevents uneven charging of the second image bearing member, and can output a good image without density unevenness.
[0052]
Further, by setting the Asker C hardness of the toner charging member to 10 to 70 °, the second image bearing member is brought into good contact with the toner charging member, so that the second image bearing member is damaged. Therefore, a good image can be output while preventing defective cleaning.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a nip between an ICL roller and an intermediate transfer belt.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a nip between an ICL roller and an intermediate transfer belt.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Photosensitive drum (first image carrier)
2 Charger 3 Exposure device 5 Developing device 6 Intermediate transfer belt (second image carrier)
7. Secondary transfer roller (secondary transfer body)
14 ICL roller (toner charging member)
15 ICL bias power supply

Claims (5)

第1の像担持体上に形成されたトナー画像を1次転写される第2の像担持体と、該第2の像担持体に1次転写された前記トナー画像を転写材へ2次転写する2次転写体と、前記第2の像担持体に当接離間自在に設置され、2次転写後に前記第2の像担持体に当接しバイアス電源からのバイアス印加により前記第2の像担持体に残留した2次転写残トナーを帯電するトナー帯電部材と、を備え、該トナー帯電部材で帯電された前記2次転写残トナーを、1次転写と同時に前記第1の像担持体側で回収することによって前記第2の像担持体のクリーニングを行う画像形成装置において、
前記第2の像担持体の表面粗さRzと前記トナー帯電部材の表面粗さRzの和を、用いたトナーの平均粒径以上で、かつ30μm以下とした、
ことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
A second image carrier on which a toner image formed on the first image carrier is primarily transferred, and a second transfer of the toner image primarily transferred on the second image carrier to a transfer material A second transfer member to be contacted with and separated from the second image carrier, and the second image carrier is contacted to the second image carrier after the secondary transfer and is applied with a bias from a bias power supply. And a toner charging member for charging the secondary transfer residual toner remaining on the body, wherein the secondary transfer residual toner charged by the toner charging member is collected on the first image carrier side simultaneously with the primary transfer. The image forming apparatus that cleans the second image carrier by performing
The sum of the surface roughness Rz of the second image bearing member and the surface roughness Rz of the toner charging member is not less than the average particle size of the used toner and not more than 30 μm.
An image forming apparatus comprising:
前記第2の像担持体の表層の抵抗が1013Ωcm以上1016Ωcm以下である、
請求項1記載の画像形成装置。
The surface resistance of the second image carrier is 10 13 Ωcm or more and 10 16 Ωcm or less.
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
前記第2の像担持体がベルト形状である、
請求項1または2記載の画像形成装置。
The second image carrier has a belt shape,
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
前記トナーの平均粒径が7μmである、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
The toner has an average particle size of 7 μm;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
前記トナー帯電部材がローラ形状であり、該トナー帯電部材のアスカーC硬度が10〜70°である、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
The toner charging member has a roller shape, and has an Asker C hardness of 10 to 70 ° of the toner charging member.
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
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