JP3572704B2 - Driving force assist device - Google Patents

Driving force assist device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3572704B2
JP3572704B2 JP05632695A JP5632695A JP3572704B2 JP 3572704 B2 JP3572704 B2 JP 3572704B2 JP 05632695 A JP05632695 A JP 05632695A JP 5632695 A JP5632695 A JP 5632695A JP 3572704 B2 JP3572704 B2 JP 3572704B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
detecting
driving
vehicle speed
detected
driving force
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JP05632695A
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JPH08251980A (en
Inventor
弘 宮沢
博 中里
豊 高田
邦章 田中
勝美 新海
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、人力で駆動される例えば自転車等の軽車両やボート等の人力の負荷を軽減する駆動力補助装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
人力による駆動力の補助をするための自転車において、人力の駆動力を検出しこの駆動力の大きさに対応して電動モータの駆動力を制御し、人力の負荷を軽減することにより坂道での走行性の改善や疲労の低減を図ることはすでに知られている。
【0003】
人力の駆動力を検出する方法としては、特開平2−74491号公報2頁に示されるようにチェーンの張力やペタル近傍に設置された感圧センサーによりペタルを踏み込む力(人力)を検出する方法や、同号公報4頁の実施例3に示されるようにペタル回転速度を発電機により検出する方法がある。このような方法にて検出された駆動力に応じてモータを制御することにより、快適な乗り心地が得られることが提案されている。
【0004】
また、乗り心地の向上や電力の効率的な使い方を図るため、特開平5−246377公報4頁[0031]〜[0035]に示されるようにモータの無負荷回転数を車速に対応した回転数に合わせたモータ駆動力の遅れを小さくする制御方法や、特開平5−246378公報3頁〜4頁[0024]〜[0031]に示されるように小さな人力で走る場合にはモータ駆動力を0とし電池の消費を抑える方法が提案されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の駆動力補助装置においては、人力の大きさやペタルの回転速度に合わせて補助動力を与えているために、体力のある人には補助動力が過大となったり、登り坂では補助動力が不足した感じとなったりする。また、運転者の疲労度合によっても受ける補助動力の感覚は変わり、最初は過大に感じても、疲労してくれば不足に感じることもある。また、ペタルに加わる人力は周期的に変化しているため、補助動力が人力に応じて時間の遅れなく周期的に供給されなければ運転者は違和感が感じられる。人力は周期的に変化しているため下死点にきた時にはほぼ0になるため、補助動力も0となり動力発生のモータは停止状態となる。モータが停止状態からある出力を発生するためには時間的に遅れが生じるため、遅れを小さくするためには出力の大きなモータが必要となる。また、遅れを生じさせないようにペタルの回転数に同期させ回転させておくことは、消費電力の増加をまねき走行距離が低下してしまう。
【0006】
更に、装置の構成においても、人力の検出器が外部にあれば転倒した場合など強い衝撃が加わった場合壊れ易く信頼性に問題がある。さらに、雨等の自然環境にさらされることや走行時における泥等により寿命が短くなることや故障が発生しやすくなるという問題がある。また、ペタル軸近傍でケース内部に設置する場合、限られたスペースの中には人力と車速の検出器を入れることが難しいという問題点を有する。
【0007】
本発明は、以上のような問題点を解決するもので、運転者の疲労や体調といった状態に合わせ、また登り坂や向い風等環境によって負荷が大きく変化しても常に適切な補助動力が与えられ快適な走行ができるとともに小型でスペースを取らず高い信頼性が得られ経済性に優れた駆動力補助装置および駆動力補助装置の制御方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段を随時使用できるようにした駆動力補助装置において、人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と、車速を検出する車速検出手段と、運転者の運転状況を検出する運転状況検出手段と、装置が使われる環境を検出する環境検出手段と、前記各々検出手段より検出された値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、比較決定手段より補助動力を制御するコントローラと、を備え、人力、車速、運転状況、および環境の検出値の組合せにより原動機から供給される補助動力の比率を決定し、原動機の出力を制御することを特徴とする。
【0009】
また、駆動力補助装置の電源を投入後、人力検出手段から検出された値が基準値未満であれば補助動力の供給を開始すると共に運転時間の計測を開始し、前記運転時間より運転状況を検出することを特徴とする。
【0010】
また、駆動力補助装置の電源を投入後、人力検出手段から検出された値が基準値未満であれば補助動力の供給と装置の運転時間の計測を開始し、人力検出手段からの値が基準値以上の場合運転時間を積算することを特徴とする。
【0011】
また、人力検出手段から検出された値が基準値未満で且つ車速検出手段から検出された値が基準値未満の場合運転休止時間を計測積算することを特徴とする。
【0012】
また、前記運転休止時間が基準値以上になれば、運転時間と運転休止時間の積算時間を0にリセットすることを特徴とする。
【0013】
また、前記運転時間の計測を開始後、比較時間帯を設け前記比較時間帯を前半と後半とに分け、比較時間帯前半と比較時間帯後半とに検出された人力検出手段の値または車速検出手段の値の変化を比較することより運転状況を検出することを特徴とする。
【0014】
また、前記比較時間帯内で比較する人力検出手段の値または車速検出手段の値は比較時間帯前半と比較時間帯後半各々3点以上の検出値を用いることを特徴とする。
【0015】
また、運転者の体の一部に設けたセンサーからの検出値により運転者の身体状況を判別し運転状況を検出することが好ましい。
【0016】
また、運転者が常時握る装置のハンドルグリップに運転者の身体状況が検出できるセンサーを設け、前記センサーからの検出値により運転状況を検出することを特徴とする。
【0017】
また、前記身体状況はハンドルに加わる歪み応力または圧力から選ばれるいずれか1つまたはこれらの組合せであることを特徴とする。
【0018】
また、サドルに運転者の重量を計測するセンサーを設け、前記センサーからの検出値により運転者の身体状況を検出することを特徴とする。
【0019】
また、駆動力補助装置の進行方向の傾斜より、装置が使われている環境を検出することが好ましい。
【0020】
また、駆動力補助装置が受ける風と、駆動力補助装置の車速検出手段で検出される車速とを比較することにより、装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする。
【0021】
また、駆動力補助装置の前面に設置され、駆動力補助装置が受ける風を導入口より導き複数個の翼で風を回転に変え、翼の回転数より風速を求め、前記風速と車速検出手段で検出される車速を比較することにより、装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする。
【0022】
また、駆動力補助装置の前面に設置され駆動力補助装置が受ける風を導入口より導き、前記導入口の後方に設けた風圧検出器で風圧を求め、車速検出手段で検出された車速より受けるであろうと予測される風圧と前記風圧検出器より求められた風圧とを比較することにより、装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする。
【0023】
また、人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段を随時使用できるようにした駆動力補助装置の人力の検出において、人力駆動軸に固定された固定部材と、固定部材と弾性体で結合され人力駆動軸を回転する回転部材と、固定部材と共に回転しながら回転部材に設けられ案内溝により案内され人力駆動軸の軸方向に可動する移動体と、移動体の軸方向への移動量を検出する検出素子と、を有し、人力の大きさに応じてたわむ弾性体のたわみ量を移動体の軸方向の移動量に変え、移動体の軸方向の移動量より人力の大小を検出することが好ましい。
【0024】
また、人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段を随時使用できるようにした駆動力補助装置の人力の検出において、人力駆動軸に固定された固定部材と、固定部材に設けられた斜面をもつ溝と噛み合うように構成された突起で結合され人力駆動軸の軸方向に可動する移動体と、移動体と回転方向の動きを拘束されながら人力駆動軸を回転する回転部材と、移動体を固定部材方向に力を加える弾性体と、移動体の軸方向への移動量を検出する検出素子と、を有し人力の大きさに応じてたわむ弾性体のたわみ量を移動体の軸方向の移動量に変え、移動体の軸方向の移動量より人力の大小を検出することが好ましい。
【0025】
また、前記人力駆動軸、固定部材、回転部材、移動体から選ばれるいずれか一つ以上の回転を検出する検出素子を有し、該検出素子の検出値より求めた回転量より車速を検出することが好ましい。
【0026】
また、人力駆動軸と固定部材は一方向クラッチで結合されていることが好ましい。
【0027】
また、前記弾性体は金属バネまたはゴムから成ることが好ましい。
【0028】
また、人力入力時に回転する人力駆動軸、固定部材、回転部材、移動体から選ばれる一つの部材に、形状、磁気的、光学的、静電容量から選ばれる異質な部分を検出素子の信号値が1回転中に少なくとも1回以上変化するように設け、変化する信号値より回転数を求め、求めた回転数より車速を検出することが好ましい。
【0029】
また、前記異質な部分は、切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、磁性、面粗度、色および異質または同質材料の張り合わせの中より選ばれたことが好ましい。
【0030】
また、前記検出素子に用いる検出手段は、光学的、磁気的、静電気容量的、超音波的および機械電気的から選ばれるいずれか1つまたはこれらの組合せであることが好ましい。
【0031】
また、移動体の軸方向の移動量の検出と、回転数の検出とを1個の検出素子で同時に行なうことが好ましい。
【0032】
また、前記移動体は高透磁率材料から成り、少なくとも1個以上の磁石を移動体の中または移動体と対向する位置に配置し、該移動体の移動量に応じて変化する磁束量を、該移動体と磁石とで構成する磁気回路の中に設けられた検出素子で検出することが好ましい。
【0033】
また、人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段を随時使用できるようにした駆動力補助装置の車速の検出において、人力検出手段で検出される人力値の周期的変化の周波数を求め、該周波数より車速を検出することが好ましい。
【0034】
更に、少なくとも人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と車速を検出する車速検出手段とを有し、前記各々検出手段より検出された値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、比較決定手段より補助動力を制御するコントローラとを備え、車速に対応する補助動力装置の回転数を求め人力検出手段から検出された値が基準値以下の場合には、補助動力装置の回転数を0以上から車速と同等回転数未満に制御することが好ましい。
【0035】
また更に、人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段を随時使用できるようにした駆動力補助装置において、補助動力を供給する動力モータと電池と制御を含む電気回路と補助動力装置を収納するカバー等で構成される補助動力機構の重量を装置全重量の1/2以下にしたことが好ましい。
【0036】
【作用】
以上説明した本発明の駆動力補助装置によれば、運転車が駆動する人力駆動力(以下人力と表現する)と装置の速度と、運転車の運転状況と、装置が使われている環境を検出する手段と、各々検出手段より検出された値より補助動力を比較決定し補助動力を制御するコントローラとを備え、各々の検出手段より検出される人力と車速と運転状況と環境の検出値の複数の組合せにより、装置が使われている状態や、運転者の体力や疲労など運転状況や、向い風といった環境状況に応じて適切な補助動力を制御し供給するから快適な運転が得られる。また、常に適切な補助動力が供給されエネルギーが有効に使われることから積載する電池容量が少なく軽量化され、取り回しが楽になり安全が図られる。
【0037】
駆動力補助装置の電源を投入後、人力検出手段から検出された値が基準値未満であれば補助動力の供給を開始すると共に運転時間の計測を開始する。
【0038】
人力検出手段の値が基準値以上または車速検出器の値が基準値以上の場合、装置の運転時間を積算し、その時間より運転状況を判別し補助動力を制御する。
【0039】
また、運転時間とは別に人力検出手段と車速検出器の値が基準値未満の時は運転を休止しているものと判断し、運転休止時間も積算していきこの時間があらかじめ決められた基準値以上になれば運転時間と運転休止時間を0にリセットする。人力検出器に基準値以上の入力が加わっている場合は運転状態であるから運転時間を積算するが、例えば下り坂で自走している場合は速度は基準値以上であるが、人力は基準値以下であるから運転時間には積算せず、人力と車速が基準値以下の場合は停止と判断し運転休止時間を積算していく。停止の場合、休息や信号待ちの僅かの停止であれば運転時間は継続してカウントし運転状況も継続し、長時間の休息の場合は体力も回復するから運転状況は初期状態とし運転時間を0にリセットすればよい。また、長時間使用しないのであればこれも初期状態にもどすことがよい。
【0040】
また、運転者の疲労状況から運転状況を検出するには、運転者からの血圧、心拍数、体温、発汗や呼吸数といった身体からの情報を監視することや装置に設けた運転姿勢などから得ることができる。例えば身体情報からは、運転開始後時間経過と共に前述の血圧、心拍数、体温、発汗や呼吸数は増加してくる。これらは人各々により個人差はあるが、増加率をとらえある増加率以上になった場合疲労が増してきたと判断することができるし、疲労度合に応じて補助比率を増加すれば快適な運転が得られる。身体情報を得るには身体の一部、例えば腕や胸元にセンサーをバンドで取付て読取、その信号を例えばハンドルに取り付けられたコネクターより制御回路に送ればよい。これ以外にも人力や車速のパターン変化からも疲労をとらえることができる。運転当初は人力も強いし車速も速いが、疲労すれば人力や車速は低下してくる。この変化するパターンより運転状況が検出できる。
【0041】
また、運転状況は運転者の姿勢からも得ることが可能である。大きな負荷に対応しなければならないときは、腕に力を入れハンドルを支えにしてペタルを踏み込むし、また、疲労してくれば踏み込む力が弱くなりサドルにどっかりと座ってしまう。だから、ハンドルに握力やハンドルに加わる歪みを検出することでも、またサドルに加わる圧力を検出することでも運転状況は検出できる。
【0042】
また、装置の使われている環境は、進行方向に対する傾きや、装置または運転者が受ける風と車速を比較することから検出することができる。例えば、自転車では登り坂を上がる場合や向い風の中を運転する場合、運転者の疲労は通常状態に比べ大変大きなものとなる。そこで、進行方向の傾斜がプラス(登り坂)かマイナス(下り坂)かを判断しプラスの場合はその値に応じて補助比率を変える(増加する)ことで、運転者は疲労が少なく快適な運転ができる。
【0043】
向い風を検出するには、装置の前面に設けた導入口より風を取込み、導入口の後端にある翼で回転に変えその回転数を読み取ることから風速を求め車速と比較すれば、向い風をどの程度受けているのかを判断できる。また、導入口の後端に圧力センサーを置き、その圧力と車速と比較することからも同様に向い風の量も判断できる。このようにして検出された向い風に対して補助比率を変えることより、運転者は疲労が少なく快適な運転ができる。
【0044】
また、人力駆動軸に固定された固定部材と、回転可能な回転部材と、回転部材または固定部材に設けられた案内溝により人力の入力に応じて人力駆動軸の軸方向に可動する移動体の移動量を検出することより人力を検出でき、移動体の一部に形状、磁気や光学的に異質な部分を設け回転数を検出することで車速を検出できる。これら検出器は容易な構成で得ることが可能で、小型化できることから原動機と減速機と共通のケースまたは個々の部品を収納するケースを組合わせることで簡単に補助動力発生装置が構成できる。この点より検出器が外部に露出することなく高い信頼性が容易に得られる。検出器は光学的な方法、磁気的な方法、静電気容量を使う方法や超音波を使う方法で構成できることより設計の自由度が大きいことや要求に対して幅広く応えることができる。また、磁気的な検出方法は1個以上の磁石を用い移動体を高透磁率材料とし、移動体と対向する位置に磁気検出素子を配置することで、できる。
【0045】
また、車速を検出するのに人力検出手段より検出された周期的に変化する人力値の周波数より計算により求めることができるから、部品点数が減り安価となる。
【0046】
また、少なくとも人力検出手段と車速検出手段を有しそれらより得られた値により補助動力を決定する手段を備えた装置では、補助動力装置の回転数を、0以上、車速と同等回転数未満にすることにより、周期的に変動する人力に対して遅れを少なくし違和感を与えることなくまた消費電力を低減し一充電当たりの走行距離を延ばすことができる。
【0047】
更に、随時補助動力が使用できる補助動力補助装置では、補助動力を発生させるモータ(必要な減速機を含む)と電池と制御を含む電気回路とこれらを収納するカバー等が装置全重量の1/2以下とすることにより、操縦感覚に違和感がなくまた補助動力が得られることより安全で快適な走行が得られる。また、走行中もしも電池が無くなっても補助動力装置の重量は装置全重量の半分以下であるから十分人力だけでも走行ができる。
【0048】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
本発明の駆動力補助装置および駆動力補助装置の制御方法の一実施例について自転車の例を基に図面を参照し説明する。図1は本発明の駆動力補助装置の側面図である。自転車1は、ダウンパイプ3、トップパイプ2とシートパイプ4でメインフレームが構成され、シートパイプの上方にはサドル11メインフレーム下部にはペタル6があり、ペタル6に加えられた駆動力はペタルスプロケット28aからチェーン5を通じて後輪スプロケットに伝達され後輪12が駆動される。
【0049】
ダウンパイプ3には、補助動力を供給する電動モータ7と減速機8が取り付けられている。シートパイプ4と後輪の間にはモータへ電力を供給する電池10が取り付けられている。電池10は鉛電池などのような充電可能な電池である。モータ7の前方上方向にはコントローラ56やモータ駆動素子などを含む電気回路46が取り付けられている。
【0050】
次にモータ、減速機で構成される駆動ユニットについて更に詳細に説明する。図3は本発明の駆動ユニットの断面図であり、補助動力はモータ7の出力軸30から減速機8へ入力される。減速機8は遊星歯車減速機31で構成されその出力軸に取り付けられた傘歯車16から傘歯車17、一方向クラッチ18bを通じて回転部材23に伝えられるように構成されている。
【0051】
駆動軸14は軸受19、20、21で保持されている。片側の軸受20、21の径方向に軸受22を配置し回転部材23が保持されている。駆動軸14と固定部材26の間には一方向クラッチ18aを介して組み付けられている。固定部材26と回転部材23は弾性体25により連結され、回転部材23の一方にはペタルスプロケット28が固定されている。ペタルに加えられた力は駆動軸14から一方向クラッチ18aで一方向の力を固定部材26、弾性体25、回転部材23へと伝えられる。一方、補助動力のモータ出力は減速機8、一方向クラッチ18bを介して回転部材23に伝えられ、回転部材23で人力と補助動力が合成されペタルスプロケット28から後輪へと伝えられる。
【0052】
一方向クラッチはペタルを逆転したときにモータの逆転防止として駆動軸14と固定部材26との間に、また、モータを駆動しない場合、モータと減速機の回転防止としてペタル駆動軸14と傘歯車17の間に配置してある。
【0053】
駆動軸14に加えられる人力の大きさを検出するために、回転部材23には人力に応じて軸方向に移動する移動体24があり、その移動量を検出する検出素子27がケース29に取り付けられている。
【0054】
更に、検出方法について詳細に説明する。図4と図5は本発明の検出部分の断面図であり、図4は弾性体に金属コイルバネを用いた一例を示す。回転部材23には螺旋の溝32が設けられ、その溝32に案内され軸方向に可動する移動体24が組込まれている。大きな駆動力が加わった場合移動体24を止めるストッパー33が溝32の終端に設けられている。移動体24は固定部材26に固定された案内棒34により回転方向の動きを規制されているが、軸方向への移動は自在である。回転部材23は固定部材26と弾性体25とつながれているため回転方向に制約されている。図示はしていないが弾性体25と回転部材23、固定部材26とは回転方向に回らないように、例えば穴などに弾性体の端または一部を入れて固定されている。
【0055】
このような状態において、ペタル6を介して人力を加わえれば駆動力は、駆動軸14、固定部材26、弾性体25、回転部材23、ペタルスプロケット28aを通じて後輪に動力伝達するが、後輪に負荷があるから回転部材23は、人力の大きさと弾性体25との強さにの関係よりある量同期がずれて(位相がずれる)回転する。回転部材23には螺旋の溝32があることからずれた回転分だけ移動体24は軸方向に移動することになる。例えば、図4に示すように駆動軸14を右(図に示す矢印の方向)に回転させれば回転体23は見かけ状左に回転し、移動体24は溝32に案内され検出素子27から離れるように軸方向に移動する。この移動量は人力と弾性体25の強さによりあらかじめ分かるから、静止状態からの移動量を検出素子27で検出ことにより加えられた人力が測れる。また、人力が減少すれば移動体24は弾性体25により回転方向に戻され溝32により軸方向の移動に変えられ元の位置に戻る。このようにしてペタルに加わる人力の大きさを測ることができる。
【0056】
前述と同様な方法にて、図5に基づき他の方法について説明する。尚、図5では他の弾性体として高弾性体ゴムを用い、移動体と回転体の溝の他の一例を示す。固定部26には円周方向に向かって径の変化する斜面48をもつ溝46が円周方向に複数あり、移動体24には溝46と噛み合うように構成された突起47が同様に円周方向に複数設けられている。移動体24には高弾性率からなる弾性体25により固定部材26の方向に押し付けられ、溝46と突起47の各々斜面48で噛み合っている。駆動軸14に人力が加わると、固定部材25と移動体24は捻じられ、斜面48に案内され移動体24は駆動軸14方向に移動する。移動量は移動体24の端面に設けた案内棒34の移動量を検出素子27で検出する。本実施例の場合、検出素子にポテンショメータを使い、電圧変化をとらえることで容易に移動量を検出できる。この移動量は、人力の大きさと弾性体25の強さと斜面48の円周方向の径の変化率に応じて決まるので、移動量を検出することで加えられた人力の大きさが測れる。
【0057】
上述の実施例では、弾性体にねじりコイルバネ金属性バネや高弾性のゴムを用いた例について述べてきたが本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば圧縮バネやトーションバー等を用いて回転方向の力に変えられる弾性体ならば同様な効果を有する。
【0058】
ここで用いた検出素子は、例えばレーザーや発光ダイオード等の発光素子の光を移動体に当てその反射光を受光素子で受け移動体の移動量を測る光学的な検出素子を用いる方法や、少なくとも検出素子と移動体との間で磁気回路を構成しホール素子やMR素子等の磁気検出素子で移動量に応じて変化する磁束の変化量から移動量を測る磁気的な検出素子を用いる方法や、移動体24の静電容量の変化より移動量を測る静電容量的な検出素子を用いる方法や、または移動体24に超音波を当てその反射状況より移動量を測る超音波的な検出素子を用いる方法や、または機械的変位を電気的な変位に変える例えばポテンショメータを用いて移動量を電圧に変えて測る機械電気的な方法などが使える。以上述べてきたいずれの方法も移動体の移動変化量、つまり検出素子と移動体の距離の変化量を何等かの方法に変えて測ることによりその値から駆動軸に加わる人力を測るものである。従って本発明で述べた方法以外においても、移動体の距離の変化量を読み取れる方法であれば同様な効果を有するもので上記方法に限定されるものではない。また同様に、駆動軸に加えられた人力を軸方向の移動量に変える方法であれば、前述の方法に限定されるものではない。
【0059】
図6は磁気検出素子を用いた検出方法を示す図であり、図6(a)は移動体と軸方向に対面するように検出素子を配置した例を、図6(b)は検出素子を移動体の外径方向に配置した例である。図6(a)において移動体24と回転体23は高透磁率材料から成り、磁気検出素子35は電気配線された基板36に取り付けられている。磁気検出素子35、基板36の後方にはバックヨーク38に取り付けられた永久磁石37が配置されている。バックヨーク38はケース29に取付(図示せず)と、回転部材23と磁気回路39を構成するために必要な形状が一体化された形状となっている。永久磁石37の磁束は磁気回路39を通り、磁気検出素子35で磁束を検出する構成から、移動体24が磁気検出素子35に近づけば磁束量(磁束密度も同様に)が増える。一方、反対に移動体24が磁気検出素子35から離れれば磁束量は減少する。このように磁束の変化量より移動量を測定できる。
【0060】
図6(b)も同様に、高透磁率材料から成る移動体24の径方向に磁気検出素子35、基板36、永久磁石37、バックヨーク38が配置され、それらは図示してないがケースに取付られている。前述と同様に、移動体24の移動量に応じて永久磁石37からの磁束が変化することより同様な効果を有する。但、本実施例の場合、磁束はピークをもつ左右対象の変化をするからピークの片側だけを使わなければならない。つまり移動体24と磁気検出素子35の中心を正確に合わせるか、または磁気検出素子35の中心を移動体24の移動方向と反対側にわずかにずらしておく必要がある。
【0061】
以上、磁気検出方法では永久磁石を1個用いた例について述べたが、これ以外に例えば移動体の方に配置しても、または複数個用いて磁気回路を構成しても同様な効果を有するもので本実施例に限定されるものではない。また、回転部材23も高透磁率材料を用い磁気回路を構成される例で述べたが、回転部材23は非磁性とし移動体と永久磁石37、バックヨーク38だけで磁気回路を構成しても同様な効果を有するものである。
【0062】
次に車速検出手段について述べる。装置の速度を検出するには、前輪13の回転数を読み取る方法もあるが、移動体24の回転数からも検出できる。移動体24の一部に形状、磁気的または光学的に異質な部分を設け、検出素子の出力信号が回転に応じて変化する例えば1回転で1パルス信号が出る部分を作ればよい。異質な部分とは、全体の中より異なる部分であればよい。切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、面粗度など形状や磁性非磁性といった磁気的なもの、色、異質材料または同質材料の張り合わせなどの光学的なものがある。光学検出素子の場合、反射光に変化が現れればよいから、切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、面粗度、色、異質材料または同質材料の張り合わせで異質な部分ができるからこの中より選べばよい。また同様に、磁気検出素子の場合、磁気的な変化が現れればよいから、切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、非磁性、異質材料または同質材料の張り合わせの中より選べばよい。また同様に、静電容量検出素子の場合、静電容量が変化すればよいから、切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、面粗度、異質材料または同質材料の張り合わせの中より選べばよい。また同様に、超音波検出素子の場合、切り欠け、穴、突起、溝、面粗度、異質材料または同質材料の張り合わせの中より選べばよい。
【0063】
移動体24の回転を検出するのに、移動量を検出する素子1個を共通で使っても、また移動量と回転検出に各々専用に検出素子を用いてもどちらでもよい。1個の場合部品点数も少なくなるから装置を小さく安価に構成できる。また、以上述べた方法以外にも、周期的に変化する人力の周波数変化や駆動軸、回転体などの回転数からも車速を求めることができる。
【0064】
次に運転者の運転状況の検出手段について述べる。運転者の運転状況は、運転者の疲労や通常に比べ大きな負荷が加わった場合を検出すればいいから、運転時間から検出する方法、運転者の血圧、心拍数、体温発汗、呼吸数といった生理的な変化からの身体状況を検出する方法、腕や手に力が入る、サドルにしっかり座ってしまうなど運転者の姿勢が変化する状況から身体状況を検出する方法で検出できる。
【0065】
更に詳細に説明する。図7は本発明の運転時間計測の動作図であり、図7をもとに運転時間より運転状況を検出する方法について説明する。キースイッチ(図示せず)で電源をONして(ステップ100)作動を開始し、人力<基準値であるかを判別(ステップ101)する。人力≧基準値であれば何か異常があるものとして動作を中止する。人力<基準値であれば正常として補助動力の補助を開始(ステップ102)し、時計計測を開始(ステップ103)する。次に人力≧基準値の場合運転時間tを積算する(ステップ104、YES→ステップ105)。人力<基準値の場合(ステップ104、NO→ステップ106)車速を基準値と比較し車速≧基準値ならばペタルは踏み込んでいないけれど運転は継続している(例えば下り坂など)ものとみなしステップ104に戻す(ステップ106、YES→ステップ104)。車速<基準値の場合、人力も加わっていないし車速もない状態であるから装置は停止または休憩しているものとみなし運転休止時間taを積算する(ステップ106、NO→ステップ107)。次に運転休止時間taを基準値と比較してta≦基準値ならばステップ104に戻す(ステップ108、YES→ステップ104)。ta>基準値ならば休憩後疲労は回復したとみなし、運転時間tと運転休止時間taを0にリセットして時計を停止しておわり、元に戻す(ステップ108、NO→ステップ110→ステップ111)。以上のような方法にて運転時間と運転休止時間を得ることができる。
【0066】
運転者の生理的変化する身体状況から運転状況を検出するには、図8に示すセンサー71を腕または胸など身体の一部に付け、転者の血圧や心拍数や体温発汗や呼吸数など運転者の身体状況が運転することからの変化で読み取る。この場合、一つの項目、複数または全部の項目でもかまわない。また、これらの項目については運転者の個人差が大きいから、走行前に予め測定し運転後の変化量としてとらえる方が望ましい。センサー71からの信号はリード線72、リード線の先に付けたコネクタジャック73をハンドル9に設けたコネクタ74に接続し電気回路46に伝えることで運転状況が検出できる。
【0067】
運転者の姿勢の変化より運転状況を検出する方法として、ハンドルに加わる圧力や歪みを検出する方法がある。図9はハンドルグリップの斜視図であり、ハンドル9のグリップ43の中に設けたセンサー44でハンドルに加わる圧力や歪みで運転者の姿勢変化を検出する。つまり、大きな負荷が加われば運転者は腕に力を入れその反動を利用してペタルをこぐ姿勢となり、ハンドルは運転者の方に引かれる形となる。それをセンサー44で圧力または歪みとして読むことで運転状況がとらえることができる。センサー44の信号はセンサー44から延びるリード線45を電気回路46に接続する。
【0068】
また、運転者の姿勢の変化より運転状況を検出する別な方法として、サドルに加わる体重の変化より検出する方法がある。図10はサドルの説明図であり、サドル11には運転者の重量を検出するセンサー42が設けられ、運転者の運転姿勢の変化より運転状況を検出する。運転者は、運転当初ペタルをしっかりこぐことから足で体重を支えサドルからはやや浮くような状態なのに対し、疲労してくればサドルにどっかりと座ることからサドルに加わる体重の変化を検出することで疲労度が分かる。
【0069】
また、別な方法にて運転状況を検出するには、ある時間に対する人力または車速の変化を検出することでも可能である。図12に示すように、運転時間の中に比較時間帯を設け、前半aと後半bとに分け、その時間帯の人力または車速の変化するパターンより検出できる。図12の例では、人力または車速が前半の比較時間帯aではほぼ一定なのに対し後半の比較時間帯bでは低下傾向にある。これは疲労により低下していると見なせるから、人力または車速の傾向をとらえることで運転状況が検出できる。
【0070】
この場合、前半後半の比較時間帯各々3点以上の検出値を使い変化する傾向をとらえれば比較できる。検出値は多ければ多いほど精度が高くなるがメモリー容量や演算時間が増える数十点を用いて比較することが望ましい。
【0071】
次に環境検出手段について述べる。装置が使われている環境で、運転者に大きな負荷を与える要素としては登り坂や向い風がある。登り坂を検出するには傾斜計を用い、装置のが進行方向に対する傾きが、向い風を検出するには装置が受ける風と車速を比較すればよい。
【0072】
図11は本発明の風検出器の断面図であり、風検出器60は装置1の前面に設置され、受ける風を導入口61より複数の翼で構成された風車62に導く。風車62は風の強さに応じて回転するからその回転数を回転検出器63により検出することで風速が分かる。装置が受ける風は、自然の風と装置が走行することにより受ける速度に依存する風があるから、風検出器60の風速から車速に対応する風速分を減ずることで向い風がわかる。当然追い風の場合には求めた向い風の値がマイナスになるが走行負荷にはならないからこの値はつかわなければよい。風検出器60で風速を得る別な方法として、風車62の代わりに圧力センサーで風圧を検出し、圧力より前述と同様な方法にて風速を求めてもよい。
【0073】
以上述べたような方法で検出された人力、車速、運転状況と環境状況は、図2に示す系統図により補助動力が与えられる。装置に加えられる人力50は駆動軸14を通じて後輪12伝達されると共に、人力検出手段51で大きさを検出される。車速検出手段52で車速を、運転状況検出手段53で運転者の運転状態を、環境検出手段54で装置が使われている環境をそれぞれ検出し、比較決定手段55で各々の検出値をもとにメモリーに記憶された特性と比較し補助動力の比率を決める。コントローラ56は決められた補助動力の比率より原動機であるモータ出力の制御を行い、モータから与えられた補助動力57は駆動軸14で人力と合成され後輪12へと伝達される。
【0074】
ここで決められる補助動力の比率は、人力、車速、運転状況や環境の全ての条件より決めてもよいし、またこれらの条件の中よりどれか一つの条件または複数の条件より決めてもよい。快適な走行感を得るためにの補助動力の補助比率(パターン)は色々あるが、人力に対する補助比率を一つの基準として運転状況や環境の条件に応じて補助比率を可変することが望ましいパターンである。例えば、登り坂の傾斜や向かい風の強さに応じて平地を通常走行するよりも大きくしていき、通常走行になれば元に戻し、また身体状況の疲労に応じて徐々に大きくしていけばよい。図13は補助比率パターンの一例を示す図であり、例えば身体状況や運転時間で疲労度で運転状況を検出し、運転状況に対する補助比率の変化を示している。運転者は運転時間と共に疲労するから、運転時間や身体状況と共に補助比率を上げていくことで運転者の疲労を低減し快適な運転ができるようにしてある。補助比率の変化もステップ状82に変化させてもリニア的82に変化させてもどちらでもよいが、急激に大きな変化が現れれば違和感を運転者に与えるから、違和感が感じられない程度にするのが望ましい。
【0075】
(実施例2)
図14は人力と補助動力の変動を説明する図であり、ペタルに加えられる人力50は周期的に変化し、人力に対応して補助動力57が付加されている。人力が0付近では補助動力の付加が停止される。なぜならば、人力が0ならば駆動力がないから補助動力もない。また、0付近は人力検出器の誤差などが発生することから、ある基準値90を設け基準値未満の場合も補助動力は付加されない。
【0076】
補助動力57を付加させない基準値90未満のときにモータを停止させるのではなく、モータの回転数を0以上から車速と同等回転数未満に回転させておき、次の人力の山がきた時に合わせてモータ出力を上げれば遅れが少なく同期して補助が与えられる。モータ回転数を0(停止)にしたのでは遅れが生じるし、車速に合わせて回転させていれば本来必要でないエネルギーを使うこととなり消費電力が大きくなり一充電当たりの走行距離が低下する。従って、モータ回転数は上記条件の0以上から車速と同等回転数未満の中より設定するのがよい。その場合、設定回転数は一定でもよいし、車速に比例させても可変してもよい。このようにすれば低消費電力化ができ一充電当たりの走行距離を伸ばすことができる。そして補助動力の遅れが少ないから違和感なく快適な走行感が得られる。
【0077】
(実施例3)
補助動力は、大きければ大きい程、また一充電当たりの走行距離は長ければ長い程良いが、大きな駆動力を得るためには大きなモータが必要になるし、走行距離を長くすれば電池も多くなり重量の増加をまねき、本来持っている自転車の軽快な取り回しができなくなる。本来持つ装置の機能を損なわず更に補助動力の付加ができる条件を検討する。
【0078】
駆動力補助装置として自転車を使い、走行や駐輪時の取り回しと電池が切れた場合人力のみで大きな負担なく走行でき、日常使用で問題ない一充電当たりの走行距離を約15〜30kmとした時の装置の重量を測った。結果を表1に示す。
【0079】
【表1】

Figure 0003572704
【0080】
自転車と補助動力を与えるための補助動力機構(モータ、減速機、各種検出器、コントローラを含む電気回路、電源の電池とそれらを構成するためのケースやカバーなど)の重量は装置全重量の半分以下であれば問題ないことが分かった。
【0081】
補助動力は装置に付加を与えるものであることからも、付加機構が本来の装置以下であることは望ましいことと言える。
【0082】
以上本実施例の駆動力補助装置には自転車の例を基に説明してきたが、これ以外に足で漕ぐボートなどにも適用できることはもちろん可能であり、実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0083】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したように構成されているので以下に記載されるような効果を有する。
【0084】
運転車が駆動する人力と装置の速度と、運転車の運転状況と、装置が使われている環境を検出する手段と、各々検出手段より検出された値より補助動力を比較決定し補助動力を制御するコントローラとを備え、各々の検出手段より検出される人力と車速と運転状況と環境の検出値の複数の組合せにより、装置が使われている状態や、運転者の体力や疲労など運転状況や、向い風といった環境状況に応じて原動機を制御し常に適切な補助動力が供給されるから、エネルギーが有効に使われ積載する電池容量が少なく軽量化され、取り回しが楽になり安全で快適な走行が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の駆動力補助装置の側面図。
【図2】本発明の駆動力補助装置の動力系図。
【図3】本発明の駆動ユニットの断面図。
【図4】本発明の検出部分の断面図。
【図5】本発明の検出部分の断面図。
【図6】磁気検出素子を用いた検出方法を示す図。
【図7】本発明の運転時間計測の動作図。
【図8】運転者の生理的変化を検出する図。
【図9】ハンドルグリップの斜視図。
【図10】サドルの説明図。
【図11】風検出器の断面図。
【図12】運転状況検出を説明する図。
【図13】補助比率パターンの一例を示す図。
【図14】人力と補助動力の変動を説明する図。
【符号の説明】
1 自転車
2 トップパイプ
3 ダウンパイプ
4 シートパイプ
5 チェーン
6 ペタル
7 モータ
8 減速機
9 ハンドル
10 電池
11 シート
12 後輪
13 前輪
14 駆動軸
15 クランク
16 、17 傘歯車
18a、18b 一方向クラッチ
19 、20、21、22 軸受
23 回転部材
24 移動体
25 弾性体
26 固定部材
27 検出素子
28a、28b スプロケット
29 ケース
30 モータ出力軸
31 遊星歯車
32、46 溝
33 ストッパー
34 案内棒
35 磁気検出素子
36 基板
37 永久磁石
38 バックヨーク
39 磁気回路
40 キー
42、44 センサー
43 グリップ
45、72 リード線
47 突起
48 斜面
50 人力
51 人力検出手段
52 車速検出手段
53 運転状況検出手段
54 環境状況検出手段
55 比較決定手段
56 コントローラ
57 補助動力
58 メモリー
60 風検出器
61 導入口
62 風車
63 回転検出器
71 センサー
73 コネクタージャック
74 コネクタ[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a driving force assisting device that reduces the load of human power, such as a light vehicle such as a bicycle or a boat, which is driven by human power.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a bicycle for assisting driving power by human power, the driving power of an electric motor is detected and the driving power of an electric motor is controlled in accordance with the magnitude of the driving power to reduce the load of human power, thereby reducing the load on a slope. It is already known to improve running performance and reduce fatigue.
[0003]
As a method of detecting the driving force of human power, a method of detecting the tension of the chain and the force (human power) of stepping on the petal by a pressure-sensitive sensor installed near the petal as shown in page 2 of JP-A-2-74491. Also, as shown in Example 3 on page 4 of the same publication, there is a method of detecting a petal rotation speed by a generator. It has been proposed that a comfortable ride can be obtained by controlling the motor in accordance with the driving force detected by such a method.
[0004]
Further, in order to improve the riding comfort and use electric power efficiently, as shown in pages 4 [0031] to [0035] of JP-A-5-246377, the no-load rotation speed of the motor is changed to the rotation speed corresponding to the vehicle speed. In the control method for reducing the delay of the motor driving force according to the above, or when running with small human power as shown in JP-A-5-246378, pp. 3-4 [0024]-[0031], the motor driving force is set to 0. A method for suppressing battery consumption has been proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional driving power assist device, the auxiliary power is applied according to the size of the human power and the rotation speed of the petal, so the auxiliary power is too large for people with physical strength, and the auxiliary power is insufficient on the uphill It feels like that. In addition, the sense of the assist power received varies depending on the degree of fatigue of the driver, and even if the driver feels excessively at first, the driver may feel insufficient when tired. Further, since the human power applied to the petals changes periodically, the driver feels uncomfortable unless the auxiliary power is periodically supplied without time delay according to the human power. Since the human power periodically changes, when it reaches the bottom dead center, it becomes almost zero, so that the auxiliary power becomes zero, and the motor for generating power is stopped. In order for the motor to generate a certain output from a stopped state, a time delay occurs. Therefore, in order to reduce the delay, a motor having a large output is required. In addition, rotating the petal in synchronization with the rotational speed of the petal so as not to cause a delay leads to an increase in power consumption and a reduction in travel distance.
[0006]
Further, in the configuration of the device, if a human-powered detector is outside, the device is easily broken when subjected to a strong impact, such as when it falls down, and there is a problem in reliability. Further, there is a problem that the service life is shortened due to exposure to a natural environment such as rain, mud or the like during running, and a failure easily occurs. In addition, when it is installed inside the case near the petal axis, there is a problem that it is difficult to put the human power and vehicle speed detectors in a limited space.
[0007]
The present invention solves the above-described problems, and appropriate auxiliary power is always applied in accordance with the driver's fatigue or physical condition, even if the load greatly changes due to an environment such as an uphill or a headwind. It is an object of the present invention to provide a driving force assisting device which can be driven comfortably, is small, has high reliability without taking up space, and is economical, and a control method of the driving force assisting device.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In a driving force assisting device in which a human driving means and an auxiliary power driving means can be used at any time, a human power detecting means for detecting a magnitude of a human power, a vehicle speed detecting means for detecting a vehicle speed, and a driving for detecting a driving situation of a driver A situation detecting means, an environment detecting means for detecting an environment in which the apparatus is used, a comparing and deciding means for comparing and deciding the auxiliary power from the values detected by the respective detecting means, and a controller for controlling the auxiliary power from the comparing and deciding means. The ratio of the auxiliary power supplied from the prime mover is determined based on a combination of the detected values of the human power, the vehicle speed, the driving situation, and the environment, and the output of the prime mover is controlled.
[0009]
Further, after turning on the power of the driving force auxiliary device, if the value detected by the human power detecting means is less than the reference value, the supply of the auxiliary power is started and the measurement of the operation time is started. It is characterized by detecting.
[0010]
Also, after turning on the power of the driving force assisting device, if the value detected by the human power detecting means is less than the reference value, the supply of the auxiliary power and measurement of the operation time of the device are started, and the value from the human power detecting means is used as a reference. When the value is equal to or more than the value, the operation time is integrated.
[0011]
In addition, when the value detected by the human power detection means is less than the reference value and the value detected by the vehicle speed detection means is less than the reference value, the operation suspension time is measured and integrated.
[0012]
Further, when the operation suspension time is equal to or longer than a reference value, the integrated time of the operation time and the operation suspension time is reset to zero.
[0013]
Further, after the measurement of the driving time is started, a comparison time zone is provided, and the comparison time zone is divided into a first half and a second half, and the value of the human power detecting means or the vehicle speed detection detected in the first half of the comparison time zone and the second half of the comparison time zone. The operation state is detected by comparing the change of the value of the means.
[0014]
Further, the values of the human power detecting means or the vehicle speed detecting means to be compared within the comparison time zone use three or more detected values in each of the first half of the comparison time zone and the second half of the comparison time zone.
[0015]
Further, it is preferable that the physical condition of the driver is determined based on a detection value from a sensor provided on a part of the driver's body to detect the driving status.
[0016]
Further, a sensor capable of detecting the physical condition of the driver is provided on the handle grip of the device that is constantly held by the driver, and the driving status is detected based on a detection value from the sensor.
[0017]
The physical condition is any one selected from strain stress or pressure applied to the steering wheel or a combination thereof.
[0018]
In addition, a sensor for measuring the weight of the driver is provided on the saddle, and the physical condition of the driver is detected based on a detection value from the sensor.
[0019]
Further, it is preferable to detect an environment in which the driving force assist device is used, based on the inclination of the driving force assist device in the traveling direction.
[0020]
Also, the environment in which the device is used is detected by comparing the wind received by the driving force assisting device with the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting means of the driving force assisting device.
[0021]
Also, the wind speed and the vehicle speed detecting means are installed on the front of the driving force assist device, guide the wind received by the driving force assist device from the inlet, change the wind into rotation with a plurality of wings, obtain the wind speed from the number of rotations of the wings, By comparing the vehicle speeds detected in (1) and (2), the environment in which the device is used is detected.
[0022]
In addition, the wind received by the driving force assist device installed on the front surface of the driving force assist device is guided from the inlet, the wind pressure is obtained by a wind pressure detector provided behind the inlet, and the wind pressure is received from the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting means. The environment in which the device is used is detected by comparing the wind pressure predicted to be equal to the wind pressure obtained by the wind pressure detector.
[0023]
Further, in the detection of human power of the driving power assisting device that can use the human driving device and the auxiliary power driving device at any time, a fixing member fixed to the human driving shaft, and a human driving shaft connected to the fixing member and an elastic body, A rotating member that rotates, a moving body that is provided on the rotating member while rotating with the fixed member, is guided by a guide groove, and is movable in the axial direction of the human-powered drive shaft, and a detection element that detects an amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction. It is preferable that the amount of bending of the elastic body that bends according to the magnitude of human power is changed to the amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction, and the magnitude of human power is detected from the amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction.
[0024]
Further, in the detection of human power of the driving power assisting device in which the human driving device and the auxiliary power driving device can be used at any time, the fixing member fixed to the human driving shaft is engaged with the groove having the slope provided on the fixing member. A moving body coupled with the projections configured as described above and movable in the axial direction of the human-powered driving shaft, a rotating member that rotates the human-powered driving shaft while restraining movement of the moving body and the rotating direction, and a moving member in the direction of the fixed member. An elastic body that applies force, and a detecting element that detects the amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction, and has a flexure amount of the elastic body that bends according to the magnitude of human power, and changes the amount of flexure of the moving body in the axial direction. It is preferable to detect the magnitude of human power from the amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction.
[0025]
In addition, it has a detecting element for detecting any one or more rotations selected from the human-powered drive shaft, the fixed member, the rotating member, and the moving body, and detects a vehicle speed from a rotation amount obtained from a detection value of the detecting element. Is preferred.
[0026]
Further, it is preferable that the manual drive shaft and the fixing member are connected by a one-way clutch.
[0027]
Preferably, the elastic body is made of a metal spring or rubber.
[0028]
In addition, in a member selected from a human-powered drive shaft, a fixed member, a rotating member, and a moving body that rotates at the time of manual input, a heterogeneous portion selected from the shape, magnetic, optical, and capacitance is detected by the signal value of the detection element. Is preferably changed at least once during one rotation, the rotation speed is obtained from the changing signal value, and the vehicle speed is detected from the obtained rotation speed.
[0029]
Preferably, the heterogeneous portion is selected from notches, holes, protrusions, grooves, magnetism, surface roughness, color, and a laminate of different or homogeneous materials.
[0030]
Further, it is preferable that the detecting means used for the detecting element is any one selected from optical, magnetic, electrostatic, ultrasonic and mechanoelectric or a combination thereof.
[0031]
Further, it is preferable that the detection of the amount of movement of the moving body in the axial direction and the detection of the number of rotations are simultaneously performed by one detection element.
[0032]
Further, the moving body is made of a high magnetic permeability material, and at least one or more magnets are arranged in the moving body or at a position facing the moving body, and a magnetic flux amount that changes according to the moving amount of the moving body is It is preferable that the detection is performed by a detection element provided in a magnetic circuit formed by the moving body and the magnet.
[0033]
Further, in the detection of the vehicle speed of the driving force assist device that enables the manual driving device and the auxiliary power driving device to be used at any time, the frequency of the periodic change in the human power value detected by the human detecting device is obtained, and the vehicle speed is calculated from the frequency. Preferably, it is detected.
[0034]
Further, a comparison determination means having at least human power detection means for detecting the magnitude of the human power and a vehicle speed detection means for detecting the vehicle speed, wherein the comparison determination means for comparing and determining the auxiliary power based on the values detected by the detection means, A controller for controlling the auxiliary power; determining a rotation speed of the auxiliary power device corresponding to the vehicle speed; if a value detected by the human power detection means is equal to or less than a reference value, the rotation speed of the auxiliary power device is increased from 0 to the vehicle speed. It is preferable to control the rotation speed to less than the same.
[0035]
Further, in a driving force assisting device which can use the manual driving means and the auxiliary power driving means at any time, the driving force assisting device includes a power motor for supplying auxiliary power, an electric circuit including a battery and control, a cover for accommodating the auxiliary power device, and the like. It is preferable that the weight of the auxiliary power mechanism to be used is made not more than 1/2 of the total weight of the apparatus.
[0036]
[Action]
According to the driving force assisting device of the present invention described above, the manual driving force (hereinafter, referred to as human power) driven by the driving vehicle, the speed of the device, the driving situation of the driving vehicle, and the environment in which the device is used are described. Detecting means, and a controller for controlling the auxiliary power by comparing and determining the auxiliary power based on the value detected by the detecting means, and detecting the detected values of the human power, the vehicle speed, the driving condition, and the environment detected by each detecting means. By a plurality of combinations, appropriate driving power is controlled and supplied in accordance with a state in which the device is used, driving conditions such as the physical strength and fatigue of the driver, and environmental conditions such as a head wind, so that comfortable driving can be obtained. In addition, since an appropriate auxiliary power is always supplied and the energy is used effectively, the capacity of the loaded battery is reduced, the weight is reduced, the handling is facilitated, and safety is achieved.
[0037]
After turning on the power of the driving force assisting device, if the value detected by the human power detecting means is less than the reference value, the supply of the assisting power is started and the measurement of the operation time is started.
[0038]
When the value of the human power detecting means is equal to or more than the reference value or the value of the vehicle speed detector is equal to or more than the reference value, the operation time of the apparatus is integrated, and the driving condition is determined based on the integrated time to control the auxiliary power.
[0039]
In addition, when the values of the human power detection means and the vehicle speed detector are less than the reference value separately from the operation time, it is determined that the operation is suspended, and the operation suspension time is also integrated, and this time is calculated based on a predetermined reference. If the value exceeds the value, the operation time and the operation stop time are reset to zero. When the input exceeding the reference value is applied to the human power detector, the operation time is integrated because the vehicle is in the driving state.For example, when the vehicle is traveling on a downhill, the speed is higher than the reference value, but the human power is higher than the reference value. If the manpower and the vehicle speed are equal to or less than the reference value, it is determined that the vehicle is stopped and the operation suspension time is accumulated. In the case of a stop, if there is a slight stop for rest or waiting for a traffic light, the driving time is counted continuously and the driving situation continues.In the case of a long rest, the physical condition is recovered. What is necessary is just to reset to 0. If it is not used for a long time, it is better to return it to the initial state.
[0040]
In addition, in order to detect the driving situation from the driver's fatigue state, information from the body such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, sweating and respiration rate from the driver is monitored, and the information is obtained from the driving posture provided in the device. be able to. For example, from the physical information, the above-mentioned blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, sweating, and respiratory rate increase with the lapse of time after the start of driving. Although there are individual differences among each person, it is possible to judge that the fatigue has increased if the increase rate exceeds a certain increase rate, and if the auxiliary ratio is increased according to the degree of fatigue, comfortable driving will be possible can get. In order to obtain physical information, a sensor may be attached to a part of the body, for example, an arm or chest with a band, read, and the signal may be sent to a control circuit from a connector attached to a handle, for example. Apart from this, fatigue can also be detected from changes in human power and vehicle speed patterns. At the beginning of driving, human power and vehicle speed are high, but if tired, human power and vehicle speed will decrease. The operating condition can be detected from this changing pattern.
[0041]
The driving situation can also be obtained from the posture of the driver. When you have to cope with a heavy load, use your arms to support your steering wheel and step on the petals, and if you get tired, you'll have less power to step on and sit down in the saddle. Therefore, the driving condition can be detected by detecting the grip force applied to the steering wheel or the strain applied to the steering wheel, or by detecting the pressure applied to the saddle.
[0042]
Further, the environment in which the device is used can be detected by comparing the vehicle speed with the inclination with respect to the traveling direction or the wind received by the device or the driver. For example, in a bicycle, when climbing an uphill or driving in a headwind, the fatigue of the driver is much greater than in a normal state. Therefore, it is determined whether the inclination of the traveling direction is plus (uphill) or minus (downhill), and in the case of plus, the assist ratio is changed (increased) according to the value, so that the driver has less fatigue and is comfortable. Can drive.
[0043]
To detect the head wind, take in the wind from the inlet provided in the front of the device, change the rotation with the wing at the rear end of the inlet, read the number of rotations, find the wind speed and compare it with the vehicle speed. You can judge how much you have received. In addition, a pressure sensor is placed at the rear end of the inlet, and the pressure and the vehicle speed are compared, so that the amount of headwind can be determined in the same manner. By changing the auxiliary ratio for the head wind detected in this way, the driver can drive comfortably with less fatigue.
[0044]
Also, a movable member that is movable in the axial direction of the human-powered drive shaft in response to an input of human power by a fixed member fixed to the human-powered drive shaft, a rotatable rotary member, and a guide groove provided in the rotary member or the fixed member. Human power can be detected by detecting the amount of movement, and vehicle speed can be detected by providing a part of the moving body having a different shape, magnetism or optically different parts and detecting the number of revolutions. Since these detectors can be obtained with an easy configuration and can be miniaturized, an auxiliary power generation device can be easily configured by combining a case common to the prime mover and the speed reducer or a case accommodating individual parts. From this point, high reliability can be easily obtained without exposing the detector to the outside. Since the detector can be configured by an optical method, a magnetic method, a method using an electrostatic capacitance, or a method using an ultrasonic wave, it has a greater degree of freedom in design and can meet a wide range of requirements. In addition, a magnetic detection method can be performed by using one or more magnets, making the moving body a material having high magnetic permeability, and disposing a magnetic detection element at a position facing the moving body.
[0045]
Further, since the vehicle speed can be obtained by calculation from the frequency of the periodically changing human power value detected by the human power detecting means, the number of parts is reduced and the cost is reduced.
[0046]
Further, in a device having at least human power detection means and vehicle speed detection means and having means for determining auxiliary power based on a value obtained from them, the rotation speed of the auxiliary power device is set to 0 or more and less than the rotation speed equivalent to the vehicle speed. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the delay with respect to the periodically varying human power, without giving a sense of incongruity, to reduce the power consumption, and to extend the traveling distance per charge.
[0047]
Further, in an auxiliary power assisting device that can use auxiliary power at any time, a motor (including a necessary speed reducer) for generating auxiliary power, an electric circuit including a battery and control, and a cover for accommodating these components are 1/1 of the total weight of the device. By setting it to 2 or less, there is no sense of incongruity in maneuvering feeling, and safe and comfortable running can be obtained because auxiliary power is obtained. In addition, even if the battery runs out during running, the weight of the auxiliary power unit is less than half of the total weight of the unit, so that it is possible to run with sufficient human power alone.
[0048]
【Example】
(Example 1)
An embodiment of a driving force assist device and a control method of the driving force assist device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings based on an example of a bicycle. FIG. 1 is a side view of the driving force assist device of the present invention. The bicycle 1 has a main frame including a down pipe 3, a top pipe 2 and a seat pipe 4. A saddle 11 is provided above the seat pipe, and a petal 6 is provided below the main frame. The driving force applied to the petal 6 is petal. The power is transmitted from the sprocket 28a to the rear wheel sprocket through the chain 5, and the rear wheel 12 is driven.
[0049]
An electric motor 7 for supplying auxiliary power and a speed reducer 8 are attached to the down pipe 3. A battery 10 for supplying electric power to the motor is mounted between the seat pipe 4 and the rear wheel. The battery 10 is a rechargeable battery such as a lead battery. An electric circuit 46 including a controller 56, a motor driving element, and the like is attached to the front upper direction of the motor 7.
[0050]
Next, a drive unit including a motor and a speed reducer will be described in more detail. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the present invention. Auxiliary power is input from the output shaft 30 of the motor 7 to the speed reducer 8. The speed reducer 8 is constituted by a planetary gear speed reducer 31 and is configured to be transmitted from a bevel gear 16 attached to an output shaft thereof to a rotating member 23 through a bevel gear 17 and a one-way clutch 18b.
[0051]
The drive shaft 14 is held by bearings 19, 20, and 21. The bearing 22 is arranged in the radial direction of the bearings 20 and 21 on one side, and the rotating member 23 is held. The drive shaft 14 and the fixed member 26 are assembled via a one-way clutch 18a. The fixed member 26 and the rotating member 23 are connected by an elastic body 25, and a petal sprocket 28 is fixed to one of the rotating members 23. The force applied to the petals is transmitted from the drive shaft 14 to the fixed member 26, the elastic body 25, and the rotating member 23 by the one-way clutch 18a. On the other hand, the motor output of the auxiliary power is transmitted to the rotating member 23 via the speed reducer 8 and the one-way clutch 18b, and the rotating member 23 combines the human power and the auxiliary power, and is transmitted from the petal sprocket 28 to the rear wheels.
[0052]
The one-way clutch is provided between the drive shaft 14 and the fixed member 26 to prevent reverse rotation of the motor when the petal is reversely rotated. When the motor is not driven, the one-way clutch is used to prevent rotation of the motor and the reduction gear. 17 are arranged.
[0053]
In order to detect the magnitude of human power applied to the drive shaft 14, the rotating member 23 has a moving body 24 that moves in the axial direction according to human power, and a detection element 27 for detecting the amount of movement is attached to the case 29. Have been.
[0054]
Further, the detection method will be described in detail. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of a detection portion of the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows an example in which a metal coil spring is used as an elastic body. The rotating member 23 is provided with a spiral groove 32, and a moving body 24 guided in the groove 32 and movable in the axial direction is incorporated. A stopper 33 for stopping the moving body 24 when a large driving force is applied is provided at the end of the groove 32. The movement of the moving body 24 in the rotation direction is restricted by the guide rod 34 fixed to the fixing member 26, but the movement in the axial direction is free. The rotation member 23 is restricted in the rotation direction because it is connected to the fixed member 26 and the elastic body 25. Although not shown, the elastic body 25, the rotating member 23, and the fixing member 26 are fixed by, for example, inserting an end or a part of the elastic body into a hole or the like so as not to rotate in the rotation direction.
[0055]
In this state, if human power is applied via the petal 6, the driving force is transmitted to the rear wheel through the drive shaft 14, the fixed member 26, the elastic body 25, the rotating member 23, and the petal sprocket 28a. , The rotating member 23 rotates out of synchronization by a certain amount (out of phase) due to the relationship between the magnitude of the human power and the strength of the elastic body 25. Since the rotating member 23 has the spiral groove 32, the moving body 24 moves in the axial direction by the amount of rotation that is shifted. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the drive shaft 14 is rotated to the right (in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure), the rotating body 23 is rotated to the apparent left, and the moving body 24 is guided by the groove 32 and Move axially away. Since the amount of movement can be known in advance by the human power and the strength of the elastic body 25, the added human power can be measured by detecting the amount of movement from the stationary state by the detection element 27. When the human power decreases, the moving body 24 is returned in the rotation direction by the elastic body 25, changed to the movement in the axial direction by the groove 32, and returns to the original position. In this way, the magnitude of human power applied to the petal can be measured.
[0056]
In the same manner as described above, another method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows another example of the groove of the moving body and the rotating body using a high elastic rubber as another elastic body. The fixed portion 26 has a plurality of grooves 46 in the circumferential direction having a slope 48 whose diameter changes in the circumferential direction, and the moving body 24 also has a projection 47 configured to mesh with the groove 46. A plurality is provided in the direction. The moving body 24 is pressed in the direction of the fixing member 26 by an elastic body 25 having a high elastic modulus, and is engaged with each of the grooves 46 and the projections 47 on the slopes 48. When human power is applied to the drive shaft 14, the fixed member 25 and the moving body 24 are twisted and guided by the slope 48, and the moving body 24 moves in the direction of the drive shaft 14. The moving amount is detected by the detecting element 27 by the moving amount of the guide rod 34 provided on the end face of the moving body 24. In the case of this embodiment, the amount of movement can be easily detected by using a potentiometer as the detection element and detecting the voltage change. The amount of movement is determined according to the magnitude of the human power, the strength of the elastic body 25, and the rate of change in the diameter of the slope 48 in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the magnitude of the added human power can be measured by detecting the amount of movement.
[0057]
In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which a torsion coil spring, a metallic spring, or high elastic rubber is used for the elastic body.However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a compression spring or a torsion bar may be used. An elastic body that can be changed to a force in the rotation direction has the same effect.
[0058]
The detection element used here is, for example, a method using an optical detection element that measures the amount of movement of the moving body by applying light of a light emitting element such as a laser or a light emitting diode to the moving body and receiving the reflected light by a light receiving element and measuring the moving amount of the moving body. A magnetic circuit is formed between the detection element and the moving body, and a magnetic detection element such as a Hall element or an MR element uses a magnetic detection element that measures a movement amount from a change amount of a magnetic flux that changes according to the movement amount, A method using an electrostatic capacitance detecting element for measuring a moving amount from a change in capacitance of the moving body 24, or an ultrasonic detecting element for measuring the moving amount based on a reflection state of an ultrasonic wave applied to the moving body 24. Or a mechanical-electrical method in which a mechanical displacement is converted into an electrical displacement, for example, a moving amount is converted into a voltage using a potentiometer and measured. In any of the methods described above, the amount of change in the movement of the moving body, that is, the amount of change in the distance between the detection element and the moving body is measured by changing the method to some method, and the human force applied to the drive shaft is measured from the value. . Therefore, other than the method described in the present invention, any method capable of reading the amount of change in the distance of the moving object has the same effect, and is not limited to the above method. Similarly, the method is not limited to the above-described method as long as the method changes the human force applied to the drive shaft into the amount of movement in the axial direction.
[0059]
6A and 6B are diagrams showing a detection method using a magnetic detection element. FIG. 6A shows an example in which the detection element is arranged so as to face the moving body in the axial direction, and FIG. This is an example in which the moving body is arranged in the outer diameter direction. In FIG. 6A, the moving body 24 and the rotating body 23 are made of a material having a high magnetic permeability, and the magnetic detecting element 35 is mounted on a substrate 36 on which electric wiring is provided. A permanent magnet 37 attached to a back yoke 38 is disposed behind the magnetic detection element 35 and the substrate 36. The back yoke 38 is attached to the case 29 (not shown), and has a shape in which the shapes necessary for forming the rotating member 23 and the magnetic circuit 39 are integrated. Since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 37 passes through the magnetic circuit 39 and detects the magnetic flux with the magnetic detection element 35, the amount of magnetic flux (and the magnetic flux density) increases as the moving body 24 approaches the magnetic detection element 35. On the other hand, if the moving body 24 moves away from the magnetic detection element 35, the amount of magnetic flux decreases. Thus, the movement amount can be measured from the change amount of the magnetic flux.
[0060]
Similarly, in FIG. 6B, a magnetic detection element 35, a substrate 36, a permanent magnet 37, and a back yoke 38 are arranged in the radial direction of the moving body 24 made of a high magnetic permeability material. Attached. As described above, the same effect is obtained by changing the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 37 according to the amount of movement of the moving body 24. However, in the case of this embodiment, since the magnetic flux changes symmetrically with a peak, only one side of the peak must be used. That is, the center of the moving body 24 and the magnetic detection element 35 need to be accurately aligned, or the center of the magnetic detection element 35 must be slightly shifted in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the moving body 24.
[0061]
As described above, in the magnetic detection method, an example in which one permanent magnet is used has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained by arranging a magnetic circuit using a plurality of permanent magnets, for example, by disposing the permanent magnet on a moving body. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Also, the example in which the rotating member 23 forms a magnetic circuit using a high magnetic permeability material has been described. However, the rotating member 23 may be made non-magnetic and the moving member, the permanent magnet 37, and the back yoke 38 alone may form a magnetic circuit. It has a similar effect.
[0062]
Next, the vehicle speed detecting means will be described. In order to detect the speed of the device, there is a method of reading the rotation speed of the front wheel 13, but it can also be detected from the rotation speed of the moving body 24. What is necessary is to provide a part which is different in shape, magnetically or optically in a part of the moving body 24, and make a part where one pulse signal is outputted in one rotation, for example, in which the output signal of the detecting element changes according to the rotation. The dissimilar part may be any part different from the whole. Shapes such as cutouts, holes, protrusions, grooves, and surface roughness, magnetic ones such as magnetic non-magnetism, and optical ones such as color, bonding of different or homogeneous materials, and the like. In the case of an optical detection element, it is only necessary that a change appears in the reflected light, so a notch, a hole, a protrusion, a groove, a surface roughness, a color, a heterogeneous material or a heterogeneous portion can be formed by bonding the same material. Good. Similarly, in the case of a magnetic detection element, since a magnetic change only needs to appear, it may be selected from notches, holes, protrusions, grooves, non-magnetic, and a laminate of different materials or homogeneous materials. Similarly, in the case of the capacitance detecting element, since the capacitance only needs to be changed, it may be selected from notches, holes, protrusions, grooves, surface roughness, and a laminate of different materials or similar materials. Similarly, in the case of an ultrasonic detecting element, it may be selected from notches, holes, protrusions, grooves, surface roughness, and a laminate of different or homogeneous materials.
[0063]
To detect the rotation of the moving body 24, one element for detecting the amount of movement may be used in common, or a detection element may be used exclusively for detecting the amount of movement and rotation. In the case of one device, the number of parts is reduced, so that the device can be made small and inexpensive. In addition to the method described above, the vehicle speed can also be obtained from the frequency change of the human power that changes periodically and the rotation speed of the drive shaft, the rotating body, and the like.
[0064]
Next, means for detecting the driving situation of the driver will be described. The driver's driving situation can be detected by detecting the driver's fatigue or a case where a heavy load is applied compared to normal driving.Therefore, the method of detecting from the driving time, the driver's blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature It can be detected by a method of detecting a physical condition from a change in the physical condition, or a method of detecting a physical condition from a condition in which the driver's posture changes, for example, the arm or hand is strengthened or the saddle is sitting firmly.
[0065]
This will be described in more detail. FIG. 7 is an operation diagram of the operation time measurement of the present invention, and a method of detecting the operation state from the operation time based on FIG. 7 will be described. The power is turned on by a key switch (not shown) (step 100) to start the operation, and it is determined whether or not the human power is smaller than the reference value (step 101). If human power ≧ reference value, the operation is stopped because there is something abnormal. If the manpower is smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the power is normal, and the assist of the auxiliary power is started (step 102), and the clock measurement is started (step 103). Next, when human power ≧ reference value, the operation time t is integrated (step 104, YES → step 105). If human power <reference value (step 104, NO → step 106), the vehicle speed is compared with the reference value, and if vehicle speed ≧ reference value, it is assumed that the petal is not depressed but driving is continued (for example, downhill). The process returns to step 104 (step 106, YES → step 104). If the vehicle speed is smaller than the reference value, no human power is applied and the vehicle speed is not present, so that the apparatus is regarded as being stopped or taking a break, and the operation suspension time ta is integrated (step 106, NO → step 107). Next, the operation suspension time ta is compared with a reference value, and if ta ≦ reference value, the process returns to step 104 (step 108, YES → step 104). If ta> reference value, it is considered that the fatigue has been recovered after the break, and the operation time t and the operation stop time ta are reset to 0 to stop the clock and return to the original time (step 108, NO → step 110 → step 111). ). The operation time and the operation stop time can be obtained by the method described above.
[0066]
In order to detect the driving condition from the physiological condition of the driver, the sensor 71 shown in FIG. 8 is attached to a part of the body such as the arm or the chest, and the blood pressure, the heart rate, the body temperature sweat, the respiration rate, etc. The driver's physical condition is read as a change from driving. In this case, one item, a plurality of items, or all items may be used. In addition, since there is a great difference between drivers for these items, it is desirable to measure the values before driving and take the changes as values after driving. A signal from the sensor 71 is connected to a lead wire 72 and a connector jack 73 attached to the end of the lead wire to a connector 74 provided on the handle 9 and transmitted to the electric circuit 46, whereby an operation state can be detected.
[0067]
As a method of detecting a driving situation from a change in a driver's posture, there is a method of detecting pressure or distortion applied to a steering wheel. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the handle grip. A sensor 44 provided in the grip 43 of the handle 9 detects a change in the driver's posture based on pressure or distortion applied to the handle. In other words, when a large load is applied, the driver puts his or her arm into force and uses the recoil to take a posture of pedaling, and the steering wheel is pulled toward the driver. By reading it as pressure or strain with the sensor 44, the driving situation can be grasped. The signal from sensor 44 connects a lead 45 extending from sensor 44 to an electrical circuit 46.
[0068]
Another method of detecting a driving situation from a change in the driver's posture is a method of detecting a change in weight applied to a saddle. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of the saddle. The saddle 11 is provided with a sensor 42 for detecting the weight of the driver, and detects a driving situation from a change in the driving posture of the driver. The driver, while firmly pushing the petal at the beginning of driving, supports the weight with his feet and floats slightly from the saddle, but if he gets tired, he will sit down on the saddle and detect the change in weight added to the saddle You can see the degree of fatigue.
[0069]
Further, in order to detect the driving situation by another method, it is also possible to detect a change in human power or vehicle speed with respect to a certain time. As shown in FIG. 12, a comparison time zone is provided in the driving time, divided into a first half a and a second half b, and can be detected from a pattern in which human power or vehicle speed changes in that time zone. In the example of FIG. 12, the human power or the vehicle speed is almost constant in the first half of the comparison time zone a, but tends to decrease in the second half of the comparison time zone b. Since this can be considered to be reduced due to fatigue, the driving situation can be detected by grasping the tendency of human power or vehicle speed.
[0070]
In this case, the comparison can be made by using three or more detection values in each of the first and second comparison time zones and capturing the tendency to change. The greater the number of detection values, the higher the accuracy, but it is desirable to make comparisons using tens of points, which increase the memory capacity and calculation time.
[0071]
Next, the environment detecting means will be described. In an environment where the device is used, factors that exert a heavy load on the driver include an uphill slope and a headwind. An inclinometer may be used to detect an uphill slope, and the inclination of the device with respect to the traveling direction may be detected. To detect a headwind, the wind received by the device may be compared with the vehicle speed.
[0072]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the wind detector of the present invention. The wind detector 60 is installed on the front surface of the device 1 and guides the received wind from an inlet 61 to a wind turbine 62 composed of a plurality of blades. Since the windmill 62 rotates according to the strength of the wind, the wind speed can be determined by detecting the number of rotations by the rotation detector 63. Since the wind received by the device includes a natural wind and a wind depending on the speed received by traveling of the device, the headwind can be determined by subtracting the wind speed of the wind detector 60 by the wind speed corresponding to the vehicle speed. Naturally, in the case of a tailwind, the value of the obtained headwind becomes negative, but it does not become a running load. As another method of obtaining the wind speed by the wind detector 60, the wind pressure may be detected by a pressure sensor instead of the windmill 62, and the wind speed may be obtained from the pressure in the same manner as described above.
[0073]
Auxiliary power is given to the human power, vehicle speed, driving situation, and environmental situation detected by the method described above according to the system diagram shown in FIG. The manpower 50 applied to the device is transmitted to the rear wheel 12 through the drive shaft 14 and the size is detected by the manpower detection means 51. The vehicle speed is detected by the vehicle speed detecting means 52, the driving state of the driver is detected by the driving condition detecting means 53, and the environment in which the device is used is detected by the environment detecting means 54. The ratio of the auxiliary power is determined by comparing with the characteristics stored in the memory. The controller 56 controls the output of the motor, which is the prime mover, based on the determined ratio of the auxiliary power, and the auxiliary power 57 given from the motor is combined with human power by the drive shaft 14 and transmitted to the rear wheels 12.
[0074]
The ratio of the auxiliary power determined here may be determined based on all conditions of human power, vehicle speed, driving situation and environment, or may be determined based on one or more of these conditions. . There are various auxiliary ratios (patterns) of auxiliary power to obtain a comfortable driving feeling, but it is a pattern that it is desirable to vary the auxiliary ratio according to driving conditions and environmental conditions using the auxiliary ratio to human power as one standard is there. For example, depending on the inclination of the uphill slope and the strength of the head wind, it is necessary to increase the level on the flat ground as compared to normal driving, return to normal when running normally, and gradually increase according to fatigue of physical conditions Good. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the assist ratio pattern, for example, detecting a driving situation based on the degree of fatigue based on the physical condition and driving time, and showing a change in the assist ratio with respect to the driving situation. Since the driver becomes fatigued with the driving time, increasing the auxiliary ratio together with the driving time and the physical condition reduces the driver's fatigue and enables comfortable driving. The auxiliary ratio may be changed in a step-like manner 82 or in a linear manner 82. However, if a sudden large change appears, the driver may feel uncomfortable. Is desirable.
[0075]
(Example 2)
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the fluctuation of the human power and the auxiliary power. The human power 50 applied to the petal changes periodically, and the auxiliary power 57 is added according to the human power. When the human power is near 0, the addition of the auxiliary power is stopped. This is because if there is no human power, there is no driving power and there is no auxiliary power. In addition, since an error of the human power detector occurs near 0, an auxiliary power is not added even when a certain reference value 90 is provided and is less than the reference value.
[0076]
Instead of stopping the motor when the value is less than the reference value 90 at which the auxiliary power 57 is not added, the rotation speed of the motor is rotated from 0 or more to less than the vehicle speed and adjusted when the next peak of human power comes. If the motor output is increased, the delay is small and the assistance is provided synchronously. If the motor rotation speed is set to 0 (stop), a delay occurs. If the motor is rotated in accordance with the vehicle speed, energy that is not originally required is used, so that power consumption increases and the traveling distance per charge decreases. Therefore, it is preferable to set the motor rotation speed from among the above-mentioned conditions of 0 or more and less than the rotation speed equivalent to the vehicle speed. In this case, the set number of revolutions may be constant, may be proportional to the vehicle speed, or may be variable. In this way, power consumption can be reduced and the traveling distance per charge can be increased. In addition, since there is little delay in the auxiliary power, a comfortable driving feeling can be obtained without any discomfort.
[0077]
(Example 3)
The larger the auxiliary power, the longer the mileage per charge, the better.But a large motor is needed to obtain a large driving force, and the longer the mileage, the more batteries. This leads to an increase in weight and makes it impossible to handle the bicycle that it originally has. Consider the conditions under which additional power can be added without impairing the function of the device originally possessed.
[0078]
When a bicycle is used as a driving force assist device and the battery runs out during running or parking, when the battery runs out, it is possible to run without much burden with only human power, and the mileage per charge, which is not a problem in daily use, is about 15 to 30 km Was weighed. Table 1 shows the results.
[0079]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003572704
[0080]
The weight of the bicycle and the auxiliary power mechanism for providing auxiliary power (motor, speed reducer, various detectors, electric circuit including controller, battery for power supply, case and cover for configuring them, etc.) are half of the total weight of the device If it is below, it turns out that there is no problem.
[0081]
It can be said that it is desirable that the additional mechanism be smaller than the original device, since the auxiliary power is to add the device.
[0082]
Although the driving force assisting device according to the present embodiment has been described based on the example of a bicycle, it is of course possible to apply the present invention to a boat that is padded with a foot, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
[0083]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above and has the following effects.
[0084]
A means for detecting the human power and the speed of the device driven by the driving vehicle, the driving condition of the driving vehicle, and the environment in which the device is used, and the auxiliary power is determined by comparing the auxiliary power based on the values detected by the detection means. A controller that controls the vehicle, and the driving status such as the physical strength and fatigue of the driver, based on a plurality of combinations of human power, vehicle speed, driving status, and environmental detection values detected by each detection means. Also, since the prime mover is controlled according to environmental conditions such as headwinds and appropriate auxiliary power is always supplied, energy is used effectively, the battery capacity loaded is reduced and the weight is reduced, handling is easier, safe and comfortable driving is possible can get.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a driving force assisting device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a power system diagram of the driving force assist device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a drive unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a detection portion according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a detection portion according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a detection method using a magnetic detection element.
FIG. 7 is an operation diagram of the operation time measurement of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram for detecting a physiological change of a driver.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a handle grip.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a saddle.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a wind detector.
FIG. 12 is a view for explaining driving situation detection.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an auxiliary ratio pattern.
FIG. 14 is a view for explaining fluctuations in human power and auxiliary power.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 bicycle
2 Top pipe
3 Down pipe
4 Seat pipe
5 chain
6 petals
7 Motor
8 Reduction gear
9 handle
10 batteries
11 sheets
12 rear wheel
13 Front wheel
14 Drive shaft
15 cranks
16, 17 bevel gear
18a, 18b One-way clutch
19, 20, 21, 22 Bearing
23 Rotating member
24 Moving body
25 Elastic body
26 Fixing member
27 Detector
28a, 28b sprocket
29 cases
30 Motor output shaft
31 planetary gear
32, 46 grooves
33 stopper
34 Guide Rod
35 Magnetic sensing element
36 substrates
37 permanent magnet
38 Back yoke
39 Magnetic circuit
40 keys
42, 44 sensors
43 grip
45, 72 Lead wire
47 protrusion
48 Slope
50 manpower
51 Human power detection means
52 Vehicle speed detection means
53 Operating condition detecting means
54 Environmental status detection means
55 Comparison and determination means
56 Controller
57 Auxiliary power
58 memory
60 wind detector
61 Inlet
62 windmill
63 rotation detector
71 Sensor
73 Connector Jack
74 connector

Claims (11)

人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段とを有する駆動力補助装置において、人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と、車速を検出する車速検出手段と、運転者の運転状況を検出する運転状況検出手段と、装置が使われる環境を検出する環境検出手段と、各々の前記検出手段より検出された各々の検出値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、前記比較決定手段より前記補助動力を制御するコントローラと、を備え、前記各々の検出値の組合せにより原動機から供給される補助動力の比率を決定して原動機の出力を制御し、前記駆動力補助装置の電源を投入後、前記人力検出手段から検出された検出値が基準値未満であれば前記補助動力の供給を開始すると共に運転時間の計測を開始し、計測された前記運転時間より運転状況を検出することを特徴とする駆動力補助装置。In a driving force assisting device having a human driving means and an auxiliary power driving means, a human power detecting means for detecting a magnitude of a human power, a vehicle speed detecting means for detecting a vehicle speed, and a driving situation detecting means for detecting a driving situation of a driver; Environment detecting means for detecting an environment in which the apparatus is used, comparison determining means for comparing and determining auxiliary power based on each detection value detected by each of the detecting means, and controlling the auxiliary power from the comparison determining means. And a controller, and determines the ratio of the auxiliary power supplied from the prime mover based on the combination of the respective detected values, controls the output of the prime mover, and turns on the power of the driving force assist device. If the detected value is less than the reference value, start the supply of the auxiliary power and start measuring the operation time, and detect the operation state from the measured operation time. Driving force assist device according to symptoms. 前記駆動力補助装置の電源を投入後、前記人力検出手段から検出された検出値が基準値未満であれば補助動力の供給と装置の運転時間の計測を開始し、前記人力検出手段からの検出値が基準値以上の場合運転時間を積算することを特徴とする請求項1記載の駆動力補助装置。After turning on the power of the driving force assisting device, if the detection value detected by the human power detecting means is less than a reference value, the supply of auxiliary power and measurement of the operation time of the device are started, and the detection from the human power detecting means is started. The driving force assisting device according to claim 1, wherein the driving time is integrated when the value is equal to or more than the reference value. 前記人力検出手段から検出された検出値が基準値未満で且つ前記車速検出手段から検出された検出値が基準値未満の場合運転休止時間を計測積算することを特徴とする請求項1記載の駆動力補助装置。2. The drive according to claim 1, wherein when the detection value detected by the human power detection means is less than a reference value and the detection value detected by the vehicle speed detection means is less than the reference value, the operation suspension time is measured and integrated. Power assist device. 前記運転休止時間が基準値以上になれば、前記運転時間と前記運転休止時間の積算時間を0にリセットすることを特徴とする請求項3記載の駆動力補助装置。4. The driving force assisting device according to claim 3, wherein when the operation suspension time is equal to or longer than a reference value, the integrated time of the operation time and the operation suspension time is reset to zero. 前記運転時間の計測を開始後、比較時間帯を設け前記比較時間帯を前半と後半とに分け、比較時間帯前半と比較時間帯後半とに検出された前記人力検出手段の検出値または前記車速検出手段の検出値の変化を比較することより運転状況を検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の駆動力補助装置。After the measurement of the driving time is started, a comparison time zone is provided, the comparison time zone is divided into a first half and a second half, and the detected value of the human power detecting means or the vehicle speed detected in the first half of the comparison time zone and the second half of the comparison time zone The driving force assisting device according to claim 1, wherein the driving condition is detected by comparing a change in a detected value of the detecting means. 前記比較時間帯内で比較する前記人力検出手段の検出値または前記車速検出手段の検出値は前記比較時間帯前半と前記比較時間帯後半各々3点以上の検出値を用いることを特徴とする請求項5記載の駆動力補助装置。The detection value of the human power detection means or the detection value of the vehicle speed detection means to be compared within the comparison time zone uses three or more detection values in each of the first half of the comparison time zone and the second half of the comparison time zone. Item 6. The driving force assisting device according to Item 5. 人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段とを有する駆動力補助装置において、人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と、車速を検出する車速検出手段と、運転者の運転状況を検出する運転状況検出手段と、装置が使われる環境を検出する環境検出手段と、各々の前記検出手段より検出された各々の検出値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、前記比較決定手段より前記補助動力を制御するコントローラと、を備え、前記各々の検出値の組合せにより原動機から供給される補助動力の比率を決定して原動機の出力を制御し、運転者が常時握る装置のハンドルグリップに加わる歪み応力または圧力から選ばれるいずれか1つまたはこれらの組合せで検出できるセンサーを設け、前記センサーからの検出値により運転状況を検出することを特徴とする駆動力補助装置。In a driving force assisting device having a human driving means and an auxiliary power driving means, a human power detecting means for detecting a magnitude of a human power, a vehicle speed detecting means for detecting a vehicle speed, and a driving situation detecting means for detecting a driving situation of a driver; Environment detecting means for detecting an environment in which the apparatus is used, comparison determining means for comparing and determining auxiliary power based on each detection value detected by each of the detecting means, and controlling the auxiliary power from the comparison determining means. A controller, and determines the ratio of the auxiliary power supplied from the prime mover based on the combination of the respective detected values to control the output of the prime mover, from the strain stress or pressure applied to the handle grip of the device that the driver always holds. A sensor which can be detected by any one or a combination thereof is provided, and a driving condition is detected by a detection value from the sensor. The driving force assist device. 人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段とを有する駆動力補助装置において、人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と、車速を検出する車速検出手段と、運転者の運転状況を検出する運転状況検出手段と、装置が使われる環境を検出する環境検出手段と、各々の前記検出手段より検出された各々の検出値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、前記比較決定手段より前記補助動力を制御するコントローラと、を備え、前記各々の検出値の組合せにより原動機から供給される補助動力の比率を決定して原動機の出力を制御し、サドルに運転者の加重変化量を計測するセンサーを設け、前記センサーからの検出値により運転者の疲労度状況を検出することを特徴とする駆動力補助装置。In a driving force assisting device having a human driving means and an auxiliary power driving means, a human power detecting means for detecting a magnitude of a human power, a vehicle speed detecting means for detecting a vehicle speed, and a driving situation detecting means for detecting a driving situation of a driver; Environment detecting means for detecting an environment in which the apparatus is used, comparison determining means for comparing and determining auxiliary power based on each detection value detected by each of the detecting means, and controlling the auxiliary power from the comparison determining means. A controller that determines the ratio of the auxiliary power supplied from the prime mover based on the combination of the respective detection values, controls the output of the prime mover, and provides a saddle with a sensor that measures the weight change of the driver, A driving force assisting device for detecting a driver's degree of fatigue based on a detection value from a sensor. 人力駆動手段と補助動力駆動手段とを有する駆動力補助装置において、人力の大小を検出する人力検出手段と、車速を検出する車速検出手段と、運転者の運転状況を検出する運転状況検出手段と、装置が使われる環境を検出する環境検出手段と、各々の前記検出手段より検出された各々の検出値より補助動力を比較決定する比較決定手段と、前記比較決定手段より前記補助動力を制御するコントローラと、を備え、前記各々の検出値の組合せにより原動機から供給される補助動力の比率を決定して原動機の出力を制御し、前記駆動力補助装置が受ける風と、前記車速検出手段で検出される車速とを比較することにより装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする駆動力補助装置。In a driving force assisting device having a human driving means and an auxiliary power driving means, a human power detecting means for detecting a magnitude of a human power, a vehicle speed detecting means for detecting a vehicle speed, and a driving situation detecting means for detecting a driving situation of a driver; Environment detecting means for detecting an environment in which the apparatus is used, comparison determining means for comparing and determining auxiliary power based on each detection value detected by each of the detecting means, and controlling the auxiliary power from the comparison determining means. A controller for controlling the output of the prime mover by determining the ratio of the auxiliary power supplied from the prime mover based on the combination of the respective detected values, and detecting the wind received by the driving force assist device and the vehicle speed detecting means. A driving force assist device for detecting an environment in which the device is used by comparing the driving speed with a vehicle speed. 前記駆動力補助装置の前面に風検出器を設置し、前記駆動力補助装置が受ける風を導入口より導き複数個の翼で風を回転に変え、翼の回転数より風速を求め、前記風速と前記車速検出手段で検出される車速とを比較することにより、装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする請求項9記載の駆動力補助装置。A wind detector is installed on the front surface of the driving force assist device, the wind received by the driving force assist device is guided from an inlet, and the wind is rotated by a plurality of blades. 10. The driving force assist device according to claim 9, wherein an environment in which the device is used is detected by comparing the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting means with the vehicle speed. 前記駆動力補助装置の前面に風検出器を設置し、前記駆動力補助装置が受ける風を導入口より導き、前記導入口の後方に設けた圧力センサーで風圧を求め、前記車速検出手段で検出された車速より受けるであろうと予測される風圧と前記風検出器より求められた風圧とを比較することにより、装置が使われている環境を検出することを特徴とする請求項9記載の駆動力補助装置。A wind detector is installed on the front surface of the driving force assist device, the wind received by the driving force assist device is guided from an inlet, a wind pressure is obtained by a pressure sensor provided behind the inlet, and the wind speed is detected by the vehicle speed detecting means. 10. The drive according to claim 9, wherein an environment in which the device is used is detected by comparing a wind pressure predicted to be received from the vehicle speed with a wind pressure obtained by the wind detector. Power assist device.
JP05632695A 1995-03-15 1995-03-15 Driving force assist device Expired - Fee Related JP3572704B2 (en)

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