JP3554754B2 - Friction material and friction device - Google Patents

Friction material and friction device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3554754B2
JP3554754B2 JP29467994A JP29467994A JP3554754B2 JP 3554754 B2 JP3554754 B2 JP 3554754B2 JP 29467994 A JP29467994 A JP 29467994A JP 29467994 A JP29467994 A JP 29467994A JP 3554754 B2 JP3554754 B2 JP 3554754B2
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Prior art keywords
friction
rubber
short fibers
sec
coefficient
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JPH08152033A (en
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法明 和田
吉隆 内山
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Bando Chemical Industries Ltd
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Bando Chemical Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、摩擦材の使用方法並びにこれに用いる摩擦材及び摩擦装置に関し、トルクリミッタ、クラッチ板、ブレーキ板、ラバーグリップ、フリクションワッシャ、ロール、ラバーチェーン、スノータイヤ、スタッドレスタイヤ、氷上靴底、ラバーピン等の分野において用いられる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、例えば実開昭63−116461号公報に記載されるように、合成樹脂の摩擦板と、表面粗さが9〜13μmの合成ゴムからなる摩擦材とを用い、これらの摩擦係数μを0.6〜1.2に選定して適度の摩擦力を得て、良好な制動力を作用させる摩擦付与機構が知られている。
【0003】
ところで、このような摩擦付与機構において用いられる摩擦材は、通常ゴム材単一で形成されるのが通例であるが、ゴム材単一で構成すると、摺動摩耗性等の耐摩耗性が低く、チップカット性に劣る。
【0004】
また、環境安定性が悪いという問題もある。即ち、表面に水分や油が付着すると、摩擦係数が大きく変化することになり、また、熱変化によっても摩擦係数が大きく変化し、摩擦特性が安定しない。
【0005】
そこで、例えば特開平4−163134号公報に記載されるように、耐摩耗性に優れると共に、摩擦係数の環境安定性がよい摩擦材として、シート状のゴム中に短繊維が厚さ方向に配向されて配合されてなるゴム構造体において、上記短繊維がゴム中に0.1mm以上埋没し、且つゴム表面に0.01〜1.00mm露出しているものが提案されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、そのような摩擦材を用いても、摩擦面に水や油が付着している湿潤状態で、摩擦係数の変動の少ないこと、具体的には摩擦係数の変動が20%(好ましくは10%)程度となるという要求を満たすことが困難であった。
【0007】
本発明は、摩擦面に水や油が付着している湿潤状態で、摩擦材の摩擦面での摩擦係数の変動の少ない摩擦材の使用方法並びにこれに用いる摩擦材及び摩擦装置を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、ゴム基材に対し所定量の短繊維が配合され、相手材との摩擦面において起毛処理が施されると共に短繊維が摩擦面に対し略直交する方向に配向されている摩擦材であって、ゴム基材に対して短繊維が2〜8容量%配合され、該短繊維が摩擦面において30μm以上でかつ80μm以下起毛されており、相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲で用いられたときに、摩擦係数の変動が20%以下の摩擦面を有している
【0009】
請求項に係る発明は、摩擦面の起毛処理、表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨することによりなされている。
【0010】
請求項に係る発明は、請求項1又は2記載の摩擦材を有する摩擦装置であって、摩擦材と相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲である。
【0011】
ここで、短繊維の配合量を2〜8容量%としているのは、2容量%未満や、8容量%を越える場合には、摩擦面に油、水が付着する湿潤状態となると、摩擦係数の変動が大きくなるからである。また、摩擦面において短繊維を30μm以上起毛させているのは、そのようにしないと、表面に油、水が付着する湿潤状態になると、摩擦係数の変動が大きくなるからである。さらに、表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨して起毛させるようにしているのは、Ra値13.4μm未満であれば、短繊維を30μm以上起毛させるのが困難であるからであり、Ra値31.5μmを越えれば、ゴム基材の摩耗が激しくなり短繊維の破断が生じ始めるからである。
【0012】
尚、ゴム基材に対し配合する短繊維の繊維長さは、ゴム基材中に短繊維をよく分散させて摩擦面に対して略直交するように配向させるためには、0.5〜10mmの範囲、特に1.0〜5mmの範囲が好ましい。
【0013】
【作用】
請求項1に係る発明によれば、ゴム基材に対し、短繊維が2〜8容量%配合され、該短繊維が摩擦面において30μm以上でかつ80μm以下起毛されており、相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲で用いられたときに、摩擦係数の変動が20%以下の摩擦面を有しているため、水や油が存在する潤滑状態において、摩擦速度の増加に対し摩擦係数の変動が少なくなり、安定する。
【0014】
請求項に係る発明によれば、摩擦面の起毛処理は、表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨することによりなされているので、摩擦面における短繊維の起毛が安定し、水や油が存在する潤滑状態において、摩擦面全体に亘って摩擦速度の増加に対する摩擦係数の変動が少なくなり安定する。
【0015】
請求項に係る発明によれば、摩擦材と相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲であるから、水や油が存在する潤滑状態において、摩擦速度の変化に対し摩擦係数の変動が少なくなり、摩擦係数が安定する。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に沿って詳細に説明する。
【0017】
図1及び図2において、1は相手材(図示せず)に摩擦接触させて用いられる摩擦材で、相手材とで、摩擦面において摩擦力を発生させる摩擦装置を構成するようになっている。
【0018】
上記摩擦材1は、基材2となるゴム100容量部に対し短繊維3が2〜8容量部配合されてなり、短繊維3は基材2の表面2a(摩擦面)において表面2aに対して略直交するように(通常は75°〜105°の角度をなすように)配向されると共に、起毛処理により基材2の表面2aより短繊維3が30μm以上起毛している。従って、短繊維3は、基端部が基材2中に埋没し、先端部が30μm以上表面2aより露出し、摩擦面での摩擦作用に関与することになる。
【0019】
上記基材2の表面2aの起毛処理は、表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨することにより行われている。尚、表面粗さRa値2.5μm、6.8μm、13.4μm、22.4μm、31.5μm、41.5μmの研磨材を用いて起毛長さがどの程度になるかを実験したところ、表面粗さRa値2.5μm、6.8μm、13.4μm、22.4μm、31.5μmの研磨材を用いた場合には、短繊維の起毛長さが1μm、15μm、30μm、60μm、80μmとなり、表面粗さRa値41.5μmの研磨材を用いた場合には、基材の摩耗が激しくなり短繊維の破断が生じ始めることが確認された。よって、その結果から、研磨材の表面粗さRa値が13.4μm〜31.5μmの範囲にあることが好ましいことがわかる。
【0020】
上記摩擦材1を使用する際には、水や油が存在する潤滑状態において、相手材(図示せず)との摩擦界面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲で使用される。それによって、後述する実験によって確認されるように、水や油が存在する潤滑状態において、摩擦速度の増加に対し摩擦係数の変動が少なくなり、安定する。
【0021】
尚、上記実施例においては、摩擦材1はドーナッツ形状としているが、その形状に限定されるものではなく、用途に応じて適宜適当な形状が採用することができる。
【0022】
原料ゴムとしては、天然ゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、イソプレンゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム、ブチルゴム、アクリルニトリルブタジエンゴム、シリコンゴム、ウレタンゴム、弗素ゴム、ハロゲン化ブチルゴム、水素化NBR、クロロスルフォン化ポリエチレン等の架橋ゴム、及びポリオレフィン系、ポリエステル系、ポリエーテル系、パリアミド系、ポリウレタン系等の熱可塑性エラストマー等から適宜選択される。
【0023】
また、カーボンブラック等の補強剤やシリカ、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、クレイ等の無機充填剤も任意に選択し得る。
【0024】
さらに、必要に応じて、ゴム用伸展油、ゴム用薬品及びゴム用添加剤が配合される。ゴム用伸展油としては、アロマチック系、ナフテン系、パラフィン系のものが好ましい。
【0025】
また、ゴム用薬品及びゴム用添加剤としては、硫黄、パーオキサイド等の架橋剤、亜鉛華、ステアリン酸等の加硫促進助剤、スルフェンアミド系、チウラム系、チアゾール系、グアニジン系等の加硫促進剤、アミン系、フェノール系、硫黄系、リン系等の老化防止剤又は酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、オゾン劣化防止剤、粘着付与剤、可塑剤等が各々使用目的に応じて使用される。
【0026】
短繊維としては、デュポン社製のケブラー、帝人社製のテクノーラ等のパラ系アラミド繊維、デュポン社製のノーメックス、帝人社製のコーネックス等のメタ系アラミド繊維、クラレ社製のベクトラン等の芳香族繊維、ビニロン、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン6、ナイロン6,6 、綿、モンサント社製のサントウェーブ等のセルロース繊維等の合成、天然、及び半合成繊維、並びにガラス、カーボン、セラミック、宇部興産社製のチラノ繊維、ボロン等の無機繊維、鋼、ステンレス鋼、銅等の金属繊維から適宜選択される。
【0027】
続いて、摩擦面において水が付着している湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を調べるために行った実験について説明する。
<実験装置及び方法>
実験装置としては、図3(a)(b)に示すように、ピン−ディスク型の摩擦力測定装置11を上部から水が滴下できるように改造し、また、下部に水を受ける半円状の受け皿12を設置した。尚、図3(a)(b)において、13は試料、14はガラスディスク、15は重錘、16は歪ゲージ、17はリングスプリング、18は平行リーフスプリング、19は試料ホルダである。
【0028】
試料13の大きさは、一辺が3mmの角柱状とし、水で濡れた状態のガラスディスク14(中心平均あらさRa値は0.075μm)と軌道径100mmで摩擦接触させ、リングスプリング17に貼り付けた歪ゲージ16で摩擦力を測定した。試料13の当たり出しは表面あらさを粗くして、表面に短繊維を長く起毛させるため、耐水研磨紙CC#100(中心平均あらさRa値が22.4で、十点平均あらさRz値が132.4μm)をガラスディスク14上に貼り付けて用いた。起毛長さを測定したところ、略60μmであった。
【0029】
試料13としては、メタアラミド短繊維の充填量を0容量%,3容量%,5容量%,8容量%,10容量%と変化させた5種類の短繊維補強ゴムを用いた。短繊維の長さは3mm、短繊維径は14μm、また、短繊維を充填する前のゴム基材の配合は次の通りである。
【0030】
クロロプレンゴム(Skyprene R-10,Tosoh Corp.) 100 PHR
カーボンブラックN550 40
DOS(dioctyl sebacate) 5
酸化亜鉛 5
酸化マグネシウム 4
酸化防止剤(ノックラック AD,大内新興(株)) 4
酸化防止剤(ノックラック TD,大内新興(株)) 0.5
そして、上述するゴム配合物に、上述した材料よりなる短繊維を配合して短繊維配合ゴムを製造した。具体的には、まず、上述するゴム配合物に、上述した材料よりなる短繊維を配合して混練し、この混練したゴム配合物をロール又はカレンダにて圧延することにより、短繊維が圧延方向に配向された厚さ0.5〜1.0mmのシートを得た。それから、このシートを積層した上でスライスするか、あるいは列理方向に巻き付けた後、スライスすることにより、厚さ方向に短繊維が配向されたゴム板として短繊維配合ゴムを得た。
<水濡れ面での摩擦に及ぼす摩擦速度の影響>
図4〜図8に、短繊維配合ゴムの短繊維充填量を変化させた場合の水濡れ面における影響を、摩擦速度Vと摩擦係数μとの関係で示した。尚、図4〜図8においては、摩擦材と相手材との接触圧力Pはそれぞれ0.054MPa、0.108MPa、0.324MPa、0.54MPa、1.00MPaである。
【0031】
図4は接触圧力Pが0.054MPaの場合について示すが、短繊維を全く配合していないゴム基材単独の場合は、摩擦速度の上昇に伴い、摩擦係数が減少することがわかる。このとき、摩擦面は、ストライベック曲線の考えによると、混合潤滑状態にあると考えられる。一方、短繊維配合ゴムの場合は、摩擦速度が20cm/secくらいになるまでは逆に摩擦係数が上昇し、それを越えると減少することがわかる。
【0032】
即ち、摩擦面での荷重を、起毛した短繊維がほとんど支持している条件での短繊維配合ゴムの摩擦力は、乾燥面と水濡れ面とにおいて、ほとんど変わらないといえる。一方、短繊維を全く配合していないゴム基材単独の場合は乾燥面と水濡れ面では摩擦速度の変化に対し全く逆の異なった挙動を示すことがわかる。
【0033】
また、接触圧力Pが増加した0.108MPa、0.324MPa、0.54MPaにおいても、ゴム基材単独の場合には、摩擦速度の変化に対する挙動は接触圧力Pが0.054MPaの場合と同じ傾向を示し、いずれも混合潤滑状態であるといえる。一方、短繊維配合ゴムの場合は、接触圧力Pが増加するに連れて、摩擦係数の値の上昇度合いが小さくなっていることがわかる。また、ピークを示す位置もやや低速側にシフトしている。
【0034】
これは、接触圧力Pが高いほど、ゴム基材部分の摩擦面での荷重支持割合が増加し、その部分が水濡れによる影響を受け易くなることに起因していると考えられる。また、これらの現象により、短繊維を5容量%充填した短繊維補強ゴムが水濡れ面において最も摩擦係数の変動が少ないということもわかる。
【0035】
尚、接触圧力P=1.00Mpaの場合には、摩擦係数の変動が大きくなるので、接触圧力Pは1.00MPa未満とする必要がある。
【0036】
また、摩擦面に油が付着した湿潤状態において、摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を調べるたところ(接触圧力P=0.054Mpa)、図9に示す結果となり、油による湿潤状態においても、水による湿潤状態と同様の結果となることが推測される。
【0037】
次いで、上記摩擦材を用いた摩擦装置の一例として、乗用芝刈機のレバー操作装置に適用した例を説明する。尚、このような乗用芝刈機は、摩擦速度の変化が大きく、異物の噛込み等による面圧の変化が大きく、また、水濡れ状態で使用されることも多いことから、そのような状態での摩擦係数の安定が望まれる。
【0038】
図10に示すように、チェンジアーム21の軸部21aに、フリクションワッシャ22(摩擦材)をナット23及びナットプレート24とSTGセッティングカラー25との間に挾み、スプリング26を介して取付けている。
【0039】
フリクションワッシャ22(摩擦材)は上述したゴム配合の基材で短繊維が5容量%配合されており、60μm起毛している。そして、接触圧力P=0.5MPaで、水に濡れた状態で回転速度(摩擦速度)を1cm/sec〜10cm/secの範囲で変化させたところ、摩擦係数の変動率は5%以下で、安定していることが確認された。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に係る発明は、上記のように、ゴム基材に対し、短繊維を2〜8容量%配合して短繊維を摩擦面において30μm以上でかつ80μm以下起毛するようにし、相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲において用いられたときに摩擦係数の変動が20%以下の摩擦面を有しているものとしたので、湿潤状態において、摩擦材の摩擦係数が安定し、摩擦速度の変化に対する摩擦係数の安定化が図ることができる。
【0041】
請求項に係る発明は、ゴム基材の摩擦面は表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨しているので、摩擦面における短繊維の起毛を安定させることができ、湿潤状態において、摩擦面全体に亘って摩擦係数を、変動を少なくしてを安定させることが可能となる。
【0042】
請求項に係る発明は、摩擦材と相手材との摩擦界面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲となるようにしているので、湿潤状態において、摩擦速度の変化に対し、摩擦係数の変動を少なくして安定させることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】摩擦材の一例を示す平面図である。
【図2】同断面図である。
【図3】実験装置の正面図である。
【図4】水による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図5】水による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図6】水による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図7】水による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図8】水による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図9】油による湿潤状態における摩擦速度と摩擦係数との関係を示す図である。
【図10】本発明の適用例である摩擦装置の一例を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 摩擦材
2 基材(ゴム基材)
2a 表面(摩擦面)
3 短繊維
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method of using a friction material and a friction material and a friction device used therefor, including a torque limiter, a clutch plate, a brake plate, a rubber grip, a friction washer, a roll, a rubber chain, a snow tire, a studless tire, a shoe sole on ice, Used in fields such as rubber pins.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 63-116461, a friction plate made of synthetic resin and a friction material made of synthetic rubber having a surface roughness of 9 to 13 μm are used, and their friction coefficients μ are determined. There is known a friction imparting mechanism that obtains an appropriate frictional force by selecting a value of 0.6 to 1.2 and applies a good braking force.
[0003]
By the way, the friction material used in such a friction imparting mechanism is usually usually formed of a single rubber material. However, if the friction material is formed of a single rubber material, the wear resistance such as sliding wear is low. , Poor chip-cutting properties.
[0004]
There is also a problem that environmental stability is poor. That is, when moisture or oil adheres to the surface, the coefficient of friction changes significantly, and the coefficient of friction also changes significantly due to heat change, and the friction characteristics become unstable.
[0005]
Therefore, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-163134, short fibers are oriented in the thickness direction in a sheet-like rubber as a friction material having excellent abrasion resistance and environmental stability of a friction coefficient. In a rubber structure prepared and compounded, there is proposed a rubber structure in which the short fibers are buried in the rubber by 0.1 mm or more and are exposed on the rubber surface by 0.01 to 1.00 mm.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even when such a friction material is used, in a wet state in which water or oil adheres to the friction surface, the friction coefficient does not fluctuate much, specifically, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient is 20% (preferably 10%). %).
[0007]
The present invention provides a method of using a friction material having a small variation in the coefficient of friction on the friction surface of the friction material in a wet state in which water or oil adheres to the friction surface, and a friction material and a friction device used therefor. It is.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a predetermined amount of short fibers is blended with a rubber base material, a raising process is performed on a friction surface with a mating material, and the short fibers are oriented in a direction substantially orthogonal to the friction surface. A friction material, wherein 2 to 8% by volume of short fibers are blended with respect to a rubber base material, and the short fibers are brushed at a friction surface of 30 μm or more and 80 μm or less at a friction surface with a mating material. contact pressure at 1MPa following, and when the friction velocity is used in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec, variation of the friction coefficient has the following friction surface 20 percent.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2, raising treatment of friction Kosumen have been made by polishing with the abrasive surface roughness Ra value 13.4Myuemu~31.5Myuemu.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is a friction device having the friction material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a contact pressure between the friction material and a mating material on a friction surface is 1 MPa or less and a friction speed is 10 -1. it is in the range of cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec.
[0011]
Here, the blending amount of the short fiber is set to 2 to 8% by volume. When the blending amount is less than 2% by volume or more than 8% by volume, when the oil and water adhere to the frictional surface, the friction coefficient is increased. This is because the fluctuation of the distance becomes large. In addition, the reason why the short fibers are raised on the friction surface by 30 μm or more is that otherwise, if the surface is in a wet state where oil and water adhere to the surface, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient becomes large. Furthermore, it is difficult to raise short fibers by 30 μm or more if the Ra value is less than 13.4 μm because the surface roughness Ra is raised by polishing with an abrasive having a Ra value of 13.4 μm to 31.5 μm. This is because, when the Ra value exceeds 31.5 μm, the abrasion of the rubber base material becomes intense and breakage of short fibers starts to occur.
[0012]
In addition, the fiber length of the short fibers to be blended with the rubber substrate is 0.5 to 10 mm in order to disperse the short fibers in the rubber substrate and to orient the short fibers substantially perpendicular to the friction surface. , Particularly preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5 mm.
[0013]
[Action]
According to the invention according to claim 1, 2 to 8% by volume of short fibers are blended with respect to the rubber base material, and the short fibers are raised on the friction surface by 30 μm or more and 80 μm or less , and the friction with the mating material is increased. contact pressure at 1MPa or less in terms, and when the friction velocity is used in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec, variation of friction coefficient has a 20% or less of the friction surface because you are, in lubrication state where water or oil is present, fluctuation of the friction coefficient is decreased with respect to increase in friction velocity, stabilized.
[0014]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the raising of the friction surface is performed by polishing with a polishing material having a surface roughness Ra value of 13.4 μm to 31.5 μm. In a stable lubrication state in which water or oil is present, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient with respect to the increase in the friction speed is reduced over the entire friction surface, and the operation is stabilized.
[0015]
According to the invention of claim 3, the contact pressure at the friction surface of the friction member and the mating member at 1MPa or less, and since the friction velocity is in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec, In a lubricating state in which water or oil is present, a change in friction coefficient with respect to a change in friction speed is reduced, and the friction coefficient is stabilized.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a friction material used in frictional contact with a mating material (not shown), and constitutes a friction device that generates a frictional force on a friction surface with the mating material. .
[0018]
The friction material 1 is obtained by blending 2 to 8 parts by volume of the short fibers 3 with respect to 100 parts by volume of the rubber serving as the base material 2. The fibers are oriented so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other (usually at an angle of 75 ° to 105 °), and the short fibers 3 are raised by 30 μm or more from the surface 2a of the substrate 2 by the raising process. Therefore, the short end of the short fiber 3 is buried in the base material 2 and the tip end is exposed from the surface 2a by 30 μm or more, and participates in the frictional action on the frictional surface.
[0019]
The raising process of the surface 2a of the base material 2 is performed by polishing with an abrasive having a surface roughness Ra value of 13.4 μm to 31.5 μm. In addition, when an experiment was performed to determine how long the brushed length would be using a polishing material having a surface roughness Ra value of 2.5 μm, 6.8 μm, 13.4 μm, 22.4 μm, 31.5 μm, and 41.5 μm, When an abrasive having a surface roughness Ra value of 2.5 μm, 6.8 μm, 13.4 μm, 22.4 μm, or 31.5 μm is used, the nap length of the short fiber is 1 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm, 60 μm, or 80 μm. When an abrasive having a surface roughness Ra value of 41.5 μm was used, it was confirmed that abrasion of the base material became severe and breakage of short fibers began to occur. Therefore, the results show that the surface roughness Ra value of the abrasive is preferably in the range of 13.4 μm to 31.5 μm.
[0020]
When the friction material 1 is used, in a lubricating state where water or oil is present, the contact pressure at a friction interface with a counterpart material (not shown) is 1 MPa or less, and the friction speed is 10 −1 cm / sec~10 it is used in the range of 2 cm / sec. As a result, in a lubricating state in which water or oil is present, a change in the friction coefficient with respect to an increase in the friction speed is reduced and the lubrication state is stabilized, as confirmed by an experiment described later.
[0021]
In the above embodiment, the friction material 1 has a donut shape. However, the shape is not limited to the shape, and an appropriate shape can be adopted as appropriate according to the application.
[0022]
Raw rubber includes natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, silicon rubber, urethane rubber, fluorine rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, hydrogenated NBR, chlorosulfonated polyethylene And the like, and a thermoplastic elastomer such as a polyolefin-based, polyester-based, polyether-based, paramide-based or polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomer.
[0023]
Further, a reinforcing agent such as carbon black and an inorganic filler such as silica, calcium carbonate, talc, and clay can be arbitrarily selected.
[0024]
Further, rubber extender oil, rubber chemicals and rubber additives are blended as required. As rubber extender oils, aromatic, naphthenic and paraffinic oils are preferred.
[0025]
Examples of rubber chemicals and rubber additives include sulfur, peroxides and other crosslinking agents, zinc white, stearic acid and other vulcanization accelerators, sulfenamides, thiurams, thiazoles, guanidines and the like. Vulcanization accelerators, amine-based, phenol-based, sulfur-based, phosphorus-based antioxidants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antiozonants, tackifiers, plasticizers, etc. are used according to the purpose of use. Is done.
[0026]
Examples of the short fibers include para-aramid fibers such as Kevlar manufactured by DuPont and Technora manufactured by Teijin, meta-aramid fibers such as Nomex manufactured by DuPont and Conex manufactured by Teijin, and fragrance such as Vectran manufactured by Kuraray. Fiber, vinylon, polyester, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, cotton, synthetic fiber such as cellulose fiber such as Santo Wave manufactured by Monsanto, natural and semi-synthetic fiber, glass, carbon, ceramic, Ube Industries, Ltd. Selected from inorganic fibers such as Tyranno fiber and boron, and metal fibers such as steel, stainless steel and copper.
[0027]
Next, an experiment performed for examining the relationship between the friction speed and the friction coefficient in a wet state where water is attached to the friction surface will be described.
<Experimental apparatus and method>
As the experimental device, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), a pin-disk type frictional force measuring device 11 was modified so that water could be dropped from the upper portion, and a semicircular shape receiving water at the lower portion. Was placed. 3 (a) and 3 (b), reference numeral 13 denotes a sample, 14 denotes a glass disk, 15 denotes a weight, 16 denotes a strain gauge, 17 denotes a ring spring, 18 denotes a parallel leaf spring, and 19 denotes a sample holder.
[0028]
The size of the sample 13 was a prism having a side of 3 mm, and was brought into frictional contact with the glass disk 14 (central average roughness Ra value: 0.075 μm) wet with water with a track diameter of 100 mm and attached to the ring spring 17. The friction force was measured by the strain gauge 16 which was used. The contact of sample 13 roughens the surface roughness and raises short fibers on the surface longer. Therefore, water-resistant abrasive paper CC # 100 (central average roughness Ra value is 22.4, and ten-point average roughness Rz value is 132. 4 μm) was adhered onto the glass disk 14 for use. When the brushed length was measured, it was about 60 μm.
[0029]
As sample 13, five types of short fiber reinforced rubber in which the filling amount of meta-aramid short fiber was changed to 0% by volume, 3% by volume, 5% by volume, 8% by volume, and 10% by volume were used. The length of the short fiber is 3 mm, the short fiber diameter is 14 μm, and the compounding of the rubber base material before filling the short fiber is as follows.
[0030]
Chloroprene rubber (Skyprene R-10, Tosoh Corp.) 100 PHR
Carbon black N550 40
DOS (dioctyl sebacate) 5
Zinc oxide 5
Magnesium oxide 4
Antioxidant (Knoc Luck AD, Ouchi Shinko Co., Ltd.) 4
Antioxidant (Knok Luck TD, Ouchi Shinko Co., Ltd.) 0.5
Then, short fibers made of the above-mentioned materials were mixed with the above-mentioned rubber compound to produce a short-fiber-containing rubber. Specifically, first, the above-described rubber compound is blended with kneaded short fibers made of the above-described materials, and the kneaded rubber compound is rolled by a roll or a calendar, so that the short fibers are rolled in the rolling direction. To obtain a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Then, the sheet was laminated and sliced or wound in the grain direction and then sliced to obtain a short-fiber-containing rubber as a rubber plate having short fibers oriented in the thickness direction.
<Effect of friction speed on friction on wet surface>
FIGS. 4 to 8 show the effect on the water-wetted surface when the filling amount of the short fibers of the short-fiber-containing rubber is changed in the relationship between the friction speed V and the friction coefficient μ. 4 to 8, the contact pressures P between the friction material and the mating material are 0.054 MPa, 0.108 MPa, 0.324 MPa, 0.54 MPa, and 1.00 MPa, respectively.
[0031]
FIG. 4 shows the case where the contact pressure P is 0.054 MPa. It can be seen that, in the case of the rubber base material alone containing no short fibers, the friction coefficient decreases as the friction speed increases. At this time, the friction surface is considered to be in the mixed lubrication state according to the Stribeck curve. On the other hand, in the case of short-fiber compound rubber, the friction coefficient increases until the friction speed becomes about 20 cm / sec, and decreases when the friction speed exceeds it.
[0032]
That is, it can be said that the frictional force of the short fiber compound rubber under the condition that the raised short fibers almost support the load on the friction surface is almost the same between the dry surface and the wet surface. On the other hand, in the case of the rubber base material alone containing no short fiber, it can be seen that the dry surface and the water-wetted surface show completely different behaviors against the change in the friction speed.
[0033]
In addition, even when the contact pressure P was increased at 0.108 MPa, 0.324 MPa, and 0.54 MPa, the behavior with respect to the change in the friction speed when the rubber base material was used was the same as that when the contact pressure P was 0.054 MPa. It can be said that both are in a mixed lubrication state. On the other hand, in the case of the short fiber compound rubber, it can be seen that as the contact pressure P increases, the degree of increase in the value of the friction coefficient decreases. Also, the position indicating the peak is slightly shifted to the lower speed side.
[0034]
This is considered to be due to the fact that the higher the contact pressure P, the higher the load supporting ratio of the rubber substrate portion on the friction surface, and the more easily the portion becomes susceptible to water wetting. It is also understood from these phenomena that the short fiber reinforced rubber filled with 5% by volume of the short fiber has the smallest change in the coefficient of friction on the water-wetted surface.
[0035]
When the contact pressure P is 1.00 Mpa, the variation in the coefficient of friction is large, so the contact pressure P needs to be less than 1.00 MPa.
[0036]
In addition, when the relationship between the friction speed and the friction coefficient was examined in a wet state in which oil adhered to the friction surface (contact pressure P = 0.054 Mpa), the result shown in FIG. 9 was obtained. It is presumed that the same result as in the wet state is obtained.
[0037]
Next, as an example of the friction device using the friction material, an example in which the invention is applied to a lever operating device of a riding lawn mower will be described. It should be noted that such a riding lawn mower has a large change in friction speed, a large change in surface pressure due to foreign matter being caught, and the like, and is often used in a wet state. Is desired to have a stable friction coefficient.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 10, a friction washer 22 (friction material) is sandwiched between a nut 23 and a nut plate 24 and an STG setting collar 25 on a shaft portion 21a of a change arm 21, and is mounted via a spring 26. .
[0039]
The friction washer 22 (friction material) is made of the above-described rubber-compounded base material, in which short fibers are compounded at 5% by volume, and is raised by 60 μm. Then, when the rotational speed (friction speed) was changed in the range of 1 cm / sec to 10 cm / sec while being wet with water at the contact pressure P = 0.5 MPa, the variation rate of the friction coefficient was 5% or less, It was confirmed that it was stable.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention according to claim 1 mixes 2 to 8% by volume of short fibers with respect to a rubber base material so that the short fibers are raised at a friction surface of 30 μm or more and 80 μm or less , and contact pressure at 1MPa or less at the friction surface, and variations in the friction coefficient when the friction velocity is used in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec has a friction surface of 20% or less Having assumed that, in the wet state, the friction coefficient of the friction material can be achieved stabilization of stable coefficient of friction with respect to a change in friction velocity.
[0041]
In the invention according to claim 2 , the friction surface of the rubber substrate is polished with an abrasive having a surface roughness Ra value of 13.4 μm to 31.5 μm, so that the raising of short fibers on the friction surface can be stabilized. In the wet state, it is possible to stabilize the friction coefficient over the entire friction surface with less fluctuation.
[0042]
The invention according to claim 3, the friction member and the contact pressure at the frictional interface with the mating member is 1MPa or less, and friction velocity is set to be in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec Therefore, in the wet state, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation of the friction coefficient and stabilize the change in the friction speed with respect to the change in the friction speed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a friction material.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the experimental apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with water.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with water.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with water.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with water.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with water.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between a friction speed and a friction coefficient in a wet state with oil.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a friction device that is an application example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 friction material 2 base material (rubber base material)
2a Surface (friction surface)
3 short fibers

Claims (3)

ゴム基材に対し所定量の短繊維が配合され、相手材との摩擦面において起毛処理が施されると共に短繊維が摩擦面に対し略直交する方向に配向されている摩擦材であって、
上記ゴム基材に対して上記短繊維が2〜8容量%配合され、該短繊維が上記摩擦面において30μm以上でかつ80μm以下起毛されており、
上記相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲で用いられたときに、摩擦係数の変動が20%以下の摩擦面を有していることを特徴とする摩擦材。
A friction material in which a predetermined amount of short fibers is blended with the rubber base material, and the short fibers are oriented in a direction substantially orthogonal to the friction surface while the brushing treatment is performed on the friction surface with the mating material,
The short fibers are blended in an amount of 2 to 8% by volume with respect to the rubber base material, and the short fibers are raised on the friction surface by 30 μm or more and 80 μm or less ,
The following contact pressure 1MPa at the friction surface between the mating member, and when the friction velocity is used in the range of 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec, variation coefficient of friction less than or equal to 20% of friction material, characterized in that it has a friction surface.
摩擦面の起毛処理は、表面粗さRa値13.4μm〜31.5μmの研磨材により研磨することによりなされているところの請求項記載の摩擦材。Raising treatment of the friction surfaces, the surface roughness Ra value 13.4μm~31.5μm friction material according to claim 1, wherein at which have been made by polishing with abrasive. 請求項1又は2記載の摩擦材を有する摩擦装置であって、
上記摩擦材と相手材との摩擦面での接触圧力が1MPa以下で、かつ摩擦速度が10-1cm/sec〜102cm/secの範囲であることを特徴とする摩擦装置。
A friction device having the friction material according to claim 1 or 2 ,
Friction and wherein the contact pressure of the friction surface between the friction member and the mating member at 1MPa or less, and the range of the friction rate is 10 -1 cm / sec~10 2 cm / sec.
JP29467994A 1994-11-29 1994-11-29 Friction material and friction device Expired - Fee Related JP3554754B2 (en)

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