JP3489588B2 - High alumina cast refractories - Google Patents
High alumina cast refractoriesInfo
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- JP3489588B2 JP3489588B2 JP32381592A JP32381592A JP3489588B2 JP 3489588 B2 JP3489588 B2 JP 3489588B2 JP 32381592 A JP32381592 A JP 32381592A JP 32381592 A JP32381592 A JP 32381592A JP 3489588 B2 JP3489588 B2 JP 3489588B2
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物
に関し、特に、高耐食性かつ低発泡性であってガラス溶
解炉に適しており、さらに低アルカリガラスの溶融やガ
ラスの電気溶融にも好適な高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物に関
するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-alumina cast refractory material, and in particular, it has a high corrosion resistance and a low foaming property and is suitable for a glass melting furnace. The present invention relates to a preferable high-alumina cast refractory material.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】鋳造耐火物は、均質に混合した原料を電
気炉内で完全に溶解し、溶融原料を所定形状の鋳型に鋳
込み、これをアニール材の中で一定期間徐冷することに
よって作られる。鋳造耐火物は一般に焼成耐火物に比べ
て気孔率が小さく、極めて緻密な組織を有する。2. Description of the Related Art Casting refractories are produced by completely melting raw materials that have been homogeneously mixed in an electric furnace, casting the molten raw materials into a mold of a predetermined shape, and then slowly cooling the raw materials in an annealing material for a certain period of time. To be Cast refractories generally have a smaller porosity than fired refractories and have an extremely dense structure.
【０００３】耐火物の用途に応じて適量のアルカリ金属
酸化物を高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物に添加することによっ
て、組織中に気孔が少なく緻密でかつ亀裂などの欠陥が
少ない耐火物を製造することができる。これは、アルカ
リ金属酸化物の添加によってβアルミナの生成が進み、
また結晶の周囲に軟らかいガラス相が形成されるからで
ある。To produce a refractory having a small number of pores in the structure and being dense and having few defects such as cracks by adding an appropriate amount of an alkali metal oxide to the high-alumina cast refractory according to the use of the refractory. You can This is because the addition of alkali metal oxide promotes the formation of β-alumina,
Also, a soft glass phase is formed around the crystal.
【０００４】例えば、Ｎａ2 Ｏを０．３重量％含有させ
ることにより、約８重量％のβアルミナ結晶と約９２重
量％のコランダム結晶が形成され、極めて微細な結晶粒
が強固に連結した緻密な組織が得られる。For example, by containing Na 2 O in an amount of 0.3% by weight, about 8% by weight of β-alumina crystals and about 92% by weight of corundum crystals are formed, and extremely fine crystal grains are firmly connected to form a dense structure. A good organization can be obtained.
【０００５】また、特開昭５９−８８３６０はアルカリ
金属酸化物を０．２５重量％以下に抑えた高アルミナ質
鋳造耐火物を開示しているが、この高アルミナ質鋳造耐
火物は均質に分布した気孔を有しており、不純物の影響
が小さく、耐スポーリング性に優れている。Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-88360 discloses a high-alumina cast refractory having an alkali metal oxide content of 0.25% by weight or less. The high-alumina cast refractory is uniformly distributed. It has small pores, is less affected by impurities, and has excellent spalling resistance.
【０００６】他方、ＡＺＳ（アルミナ・ジルコニア・シ
リカ）質鋳造耐火物はガラス溶解用耐火物として広く利
用され、ソーダライムガラスやホウケイ酸ガラスの電極
ブロックなどにも使用されている。[0006] On the other hand, AZS (alumina / zirconia / silica) cast refractory is widely used as a refractory for melting glass, and is also used as an electrode block of soda lime glass or borosilicate glass.
【０００７】さらに低アルカリガラス溶解用耐火物とし
て高ジルコニア質鋳造耐火物が提案されている（特開昭
６２−５９５７６及び特開昭６２−２８５１７３参
照）。この耐火物はジルコニアを主成分としており、１
５００℃で１００Ωｃｍ以上の電気抵抗率を有してい
る。Further, as a refractory for melting a low alkali glass, a high-zirconia cast refractory has been proposed (see JP-A-62-59576 and JP-A-62-285173). This refractory contains zirconia as its main component, and 1
It has an electrical resistivity of 100 Ωcm or more at 500 ° C.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以下、前述した鋳造耐
火物が有する欠点を簡単に述べる。The drawbacks of the above-mentioned cast refractories will be briefly described below.
【０００９】従来の高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物は、耐火物
中に比較的多くのアルカリ金属酸化物が含まれるため、
電気抵抗が小さかった。このため、低アルカリガラスの
溶解や電極ブロックの用途には不向きであった。The conventional high alumina cast refractory contains a relatively large amount of alkali metal oxides in the refractory,
The electric resistance was small. For this reason, it was not suitable for melting low alkali glass or for use as an electrode block.
【００１０】一方、アルカリ金属酸化物の中でも比較的
イオン半径の大きいＫ2 Ｏ，ＣｓＯなどを添加した耐火
物は、電気抵抗率が大きく、緻密な組織を有するが、強
度的には劣っており、亀裂などの欠陥を生じ易かった。On the other hand, among the alkali metal oxides, refractories to which K 2 O, CsO and the like having a relatively large ionic radius are added have a large electric resistivity and a dense structure, but are inferior in strength. It was easy to cause defects such as cracks.
【００１１】他方、ＭｇＯを除いたアルカリ土類金属酸
化物の中でＢａＯ，ＣａＯなどを添加することによっ
て、高温でのイオン導電性を減少させ電気抵抗を大きく
することができるが、この場合には緻密な鋳造物を得る
ことが難しかった。On the other hand, by adding BaO, CaO or the like in the alkaline earth metal oxide excluding MgO, it is possible to reduce the ionic conductivity at high temperature and increase the electric resistance. In this case, It was difficult to obtain a dense casting.
【００１２】また、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有量を減ら
した高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物（特開昭５９−８８３６０
参照）は、溶融ガラスに対する耐食性が著しく劣るた
め、溶融ガラスに直接接触する部分には使用できなかっ
た。A high alumina cast refractory having a reduced content of alkali metal oxides (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-88360).
However, since the corrosion resistance to molten glass is extremely inferior, it cannot be used in a portion in direct contact with molten glass.
【００１３】ＡＺＳ耐火物の場合には、他のガラスに比
べ溶解温度が高い低アルカリガラスを溶解する時に、ス
トーンを発生する危険があった。また、ガラス相を形成
させるためにアルカリ金属酸化物を添加するので、高温
での電気抵抗は充分でなかった。In the case of the AZS refractory, there was a risk of producing stones when melting a low alkali glass having a higher melting temperature than other glasses. Further, since the alkali metal oxide is added to form the glass phase, the electric resistance at high temperature was not sufficient.
【００１４】現在市販されている低アルカリガラスの１
５００℃における電気抵抗率は約２００Ωｃｍである
が、実際にこのガラスを溶解するためには少なくともそ
の２倍以上大きな電気抵抗率が必要である。溶融用部材
の電気抵抗率は高ければ高いほど好ましい。One of the low-alkali glasses currently on the market
The electric resistivity at 500 ° C. is about 200 Ωcm, but in order to actually melt this glass, an electric resistivity at least twice as high as that is required. The higher the electrical resistivity of the fusing member, the better.
【００１５】一般にジルコニアは高温において比較的電
気抵抗が小さく、発熱体などに利用されているが、高ジ
ルコニア質鋳造耐火物も同様で、高温における電気抵抗
は大きいとは言えない。Generally, zirconia has a relatively low electric resistance at high temperatures and is used as a heating element. However, high zirconia cast refractory materials are also the same, and it cannot be said that the electric resistance at high temperatures is high.
【００１６】このような従来技術の問題点に鑑み、本発
明は、溶融ガラスに対して高い耐食性を有し、かつ高温
での電気抵抗が大きい鋳造耐火物を提供することを目的
としている。In view of the above problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cast refractory having high corrosion resistance against molten glass and high electric resistance at high temperatures.
【００１７】[0017]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明による高アルミ
ナ質鋳造耐火物は、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 が８９〜９９重量％、Ｂ
2 Ｏ3 が０．１〜３重量％、ＢａＯが０．１〜２重量
％、ＣａＯが０．１〜１重量％、ＳｉＯ2 が０．３〜５
重量％、アルカリ金属酸化物が０．２重量％以下の割合
で含まれている。The high-alumina cast refractory material according to the present invention contains Al 2 O 3 in an amount of 89 to 99% by weight and B
2 O 3 is 0.1 to 3% by weight, BaO is 0.1 to 2 % by weight, CaO is 0.1 to 1% by weight, and SiO 2 is 0.3 to 5%.
%, And an alkali metal oxide is contained at a ratio of 0.2% by weight or less.
【００１８】この発明による好ましい高アルミナ質鋳造
耐火物は、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ，Ｂ2 Ｏ3 ，ＢａＯ，ＣａＯ，Ｓ
ｉＯ2 を含有するガラス相がコランダムの結晶粒子の粒
界を取り巻いていて、緻密な組織を有しており、１５０
０℃での電気抵抗率が５００Ωｃｍ以上である。Preferred high alumina cast refractories according to the present invention are Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , BaO, CaO, S.
The glass phase containing iO 2 surrounds the grain boundaries of the corundum crystal grains and has a dense structure.
The electrical resistivity at 0 ° C. is 500 Ωcm or more.
【００１９】[0019]
【作用】アルカリ金属酸化物の添加量が最小限に抑えら
れているので、従来品に較べて大きな電気抵抗を得るこ
とができる。ＢａＯ，ＣａＯの添加により電気抵抗の大
きいガラス相を形成できる。ＢａＯによって荷重軟化も
起こりにくくなる。Since the amount of alkali metal oxide added is kept to a minimum, a large electric resistance can be obtained as compared with conventional products. By adding BaO and CaO, a glass phase having a high electric resistance can be formed. BaO also makes it difficult for load softening to occur.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】本発明者は前述した課題を解決するために種
々の研究を重ねた結果、ガラス溶解（融）用耐火物とし
て充分な耐食性を有し、溶融ガラスと接した時の発泡が
少なく、ガラスの電気溶融炉用、特に低アルカリガラス
溶融炉用としても適しておりしかも亀裂のない高アルミ
ナ質鋳造耐火物を製造することに成功した。[Examples] The present inventors have conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have sufficient corrosion resistance as a glass melting (melting) refractory, and have little foaming when contacted with molten glass. In addition, we have succeeded in producing a high-alumina cast refractory that is suitable for an electric glass melting furnace, especially for a low-alkali glass melting furnace, and has no cracks.
【００２１】この発明による鋳造耐火物は、Ａｌ
2 Ｏ3 ，Ｂ2 Ｏ3 ，ＢａＯ，ＣａＯ，ＳｉＯ2 などを含
有するガラス相がコランダムの結晶粒子の粒界を取り巻
くようになっていて、緻密でかつ均質な組織を有してい
る。The cast refractories according to the present invention are made of Al
A glass phase containing 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , BaO, CaO, SiO 2 and the like surrounds the grain boundaries of corundum crystal grains, and has a dense and homogeneous structure.
【００２２】次に、各組成の範囲とその限定理由につい
て述べる。Next, the range of each composition and the reason for limiting the composition will be described.
【００２３】Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 は多すぎると耐食性が向上し電
気抵抗率も大きくなるが、その反面鋳造物に亀裂が生じ
易くなる。反対に少なすぎると高温での荷重軟化が起こ
り易くなる。If the amount of Al 2 O 3 is too large, the corrosion resistance is improved and the electric resistivity is increased, but on the other hand, cracks are likely to occur in the cast product. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, softening under load at high temperature tends to occur.
【００２４】本発明による鋳造物においては、ガラス相
を形成することによって亀裂の発生を防止する構成にな
っている。ガラス相を形成するためには、Ｂ2 Ｏ3 とＢ
ａＯの量的なバランスが重要である。Ｂ2 Ｏ3 の適切な
含有量は０．０５〜３重量％であるが、さらに望ましく
は０．５〜２重量％の範囲である。またＢａＯの適切な
含有量は０．１〜２重量％であるが、さらに望ましい範
囲は０．２〜１重量％である。The cast product according to the present invention is structured so as to prevent the occurrence of cracks by forming a glass phase. In order to form the glass phase, B 2 O 3 and B
The quantitative balance of aO is important. A suitable content of B 2 O 3 is 0.05 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight. Further, the appropriate content of BaO is 0.1 to 2% by weight, and the more desirable range is 0.2 to 1% by weight.
【００２５】Ｂ2 Ｏ3 またはＢａＯの量が少なすぎる
と、必要なガラス相が形成されない。逆にＢ2 Ｏ3 また
はＢａＯの量が多すぎると、Ｂ2 Ｏ3 がＡｌ2 Ｏ3 と反
応して、アルミニウムボレイト（Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ・Ｂ
2 Ｏ3 ）の化合物が生成したり、ＢａＯがＡｌ2 Ｏ3 −
ＢａＯ−ＳｉＯ2 系の化合物をガラス相中に生成して、
これらの生成物が亀裂の原因となる。従って、特にＢａ
Ｏの量は少量であって、厳密に０．１〜２重量％の範囲
内に調整することが重要である。If the amount of B 2 O 3 or BaO is too low, the required glass phase will not be formed. On the contrary, if the amount of B 2 O 3 or BaO is too large, B 2 O 3 reacts with Al 2 O 3 and aluminum borate (Al 2 O 3 · B
2 O 3 ) compound is formed, or BaO is Al 2 O 3 −.
By forming a BaO-SiO 2 compound in the glass phase,
These products cause cracks. Therefore, especially Ba
The amount of O is a small amount, and it is important to adjust it strictly within the range of 0.1 to 2% by weight.
【００２６】ＣａＯはガラス相を形成させる役目の他に
耐火物の色を白くする働きがある。ＢａＯとＣａＯは共
にガラス相を形成して、高温でのイオン導電性を小さく
して、電気抵抗を大きくする働きがある。さらにＢａＯ
は高温での軟化をより遅らせて荷重軟化を起こりにくく
する。In addition to the role of forming a glass phase, CaO has a function of making the color of the refractory material white. Both BaO and CaO have a function of forming a glass phase to reduce ionic conductivity at high temperature and increase electrical resistance. Further BaO
Makes the softening at high temperature more delayed and makes the softening under load less likely to occur.
【００２７】ＳｉＯ2 は、ガラス相を形成する基礎成分
として０．３重量％以上必要であるが、多すぎると、耐
食性が低下したり亀裂の原因となるので、５重量％以下
とする。SiO 2 is required as a basic component for forming a glass phase in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more, but if it is too much, the corrosion resistance is lowered and cracks are caused.
【００２８】以下、実施例１〜１７について説明する。Examples 1 to 17 will be described below.
【００２９】バイヤーアルミナのＡｌ2 Ｏ3 原料と珪砂
のＳｉＯ2 原料とＢ2 Ｏ3 、ＢａＯ、ＣａＯの原料とな
るものを、所定量に調整して、Ｖミキサーで充分混ぜ合
わせた。このような混合物を３００ＫＶＡの単相アーク
電気炉で溶融した。この溶解物を内寸法１００ｍｍ×２
３０ｍｍ×４５０ｍｍのグラファイト質の鋳型に注湯
し、一定時間経過の後、鋳型から鋳造物を引き抜き、バ
イヤーアルミナの中に埋没させて室温付近まで徐冷し
た。得られた鋳造物の化学分析値および諸性質を表１，
表２に示す。The Al 2 O 3 raw material of Bayer alumina, the SiO 2 raw material of silica sand, and the raw materials of B 2 O 3 , BaO, and CaO were adjusted to predetermined amounts and thoroughly mixed with a V mixer. Such a mixture was melted in a 300 KVA single phase arc electric furnace. This melt is an internal dimension of 100 mm x 2
It was poured into a graphite mold of 30 mm × 450 mm, and after a certain period of time, the cast product was pulled out from the mold, embedded in Bayer alumina, and gradually cooled to around room temperature. Table 1 shows the chemical analysis values and various properties of the obtained castings.
It shows in Table 2.
【００３０】[0030]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３１】[0031]
【表２】
実施例１〜１７はいずれもＡｌ２Ｏ３含有量が８９〜９
９重量％で、好ましいガラスマトリックスを形成させる
ための補助成分としてアルカリ金属酸化物の代わりにＢ
２Ｏ３，ＢａＯ，ＣａＯを所定量含有させたものであ
る。いずれの実施例も、亀裂の発生がなく、低アルカリ
ガラスに対する侵食率も小さく、かつ発泡性も低かっ
た。[Table 2] In each of Examples 1 to 17, the Al 2 O 3 content was 89 to 9
At 9% by weight B as an auxiliary component instead of the alkali metal oxide to form the preferred glass matrix.
A predetermined amount of 2 O 3 , BaO, and CaO is contained. In each of the examples, no crack was generated, the erosion rate against low alkali glass was small, and the foamability was low.
【００３２】 他方、原料組成を種々変化して比較例１
〜５、７〜１１の実験を行った。その結果、比較例４，
９ではＢ２Ｏ３またはＢａＯの含有量が高すぎたために
鋳造物は緻密ではあるが、亀裂が生じている。On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 with various changes in the raw material composition
Experiments of 5 to 7 to 11 were conducted. As a result, Comparative Example 4
In No. 9, the cast was dense but cracked because the content of B 2 O 3 or BaO was too high.
【００３３】 比較例７では亀裂の発生はみられない
が、気孔率が高くなり、その結果、侵食率が大きくなっ
ている。In Comparative Example 7, no crack was observed, but the porosity was high, and as a result, the erosion rate was high.
【００３４】比較例７ではアルカリ金属酸化物が０．３
７重量％と多く含まれるため、緻密で亀裂のないものが
得られたが、電気抵抗率が３１０Ωｃｍと低くなってし
まった。In Comparative Example 7, the alkali metal oxide was 0.3.
Since the content was as large as 7% by weight, a dense and crack-free product was obtained, but the electrical resistivity was as low as 310 Ωcm.
【００３５】侵食率測定試験の手順
各耐火物からそれぞれ直径約１９ｍｍ、長さ８０ｍｍの
大きさの試験片を切り出した。この試験片を低アルカリ
ガラスのカレットを充填した内寸法８０ｍｍ×１２０ｍ
ｍ×１５０ｍｍのＡＺＳ鋳造耐火物のルツボに設置し、
試験片が溶融ガラスに浸るようにして、１５００℃の炉
内で４８時間保持した。終了後、試験片を冷却し半切に
した断面に現れた凹部の深さをノギスで計測し侵食量と
した。その侵食量を日数当たりに換算し侵食率とした。 Procedure of erosion rate measurement test A test piece having a diameter of about 19 mm and a length of 80 mm was cut out from each refractory. This test piece was filled with low-alkali glass cullet and the internal dimensions were 80 mm x 120 m.
Installed in the crucible of AZS cast refractory of mx 150 mm,
The test piece was immersed in the molten glass and held in a furnace at 1500 ° C. for 48 hours. After the completion, the depth of the concave portion appearing in the cross section obtained by cooling the test piece into half sections was measured with a caliper and taken as the erosion amount. The erosion rate was converted into the erosion rate per day.
【００３６】発泡性試験の手順
各耐火物からそれぞれ直径５０ｍｍ、厚さ約１５ｍｍの
試験片を切り出し、試験面を平滑に研磨し、洗浄、乾燥
した。この試験片を１２００℃の炉内に入れ、１時間保
持した後、試験片の上に内径４０ｍｍ、厚さ１５ｍｍの
アルミナ質のリングを乗せその中央にテストガラスを乗
せ、２時間保持した。冷却後に、拡大鏡を用いてガラス
中に存在する泡を数え、単位面積当たりに換算して発泡
数とした。Procedure of Foamability Test A test piece having a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of about 15 mm was cut out from each refractory material, the test surface was polished smoothly, washed and dried. This test piece was placed in a furnace at 1200 ° C. and held for 1 hour, then an alumina ring having an inner diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 15 mm was placed on the test piece, and a test glass was placed in the center of the ring and held for 2 hours. After cooling, the bubbles present in the glass were counted using a magnifying glass and converted into the number of bubbles per unit area.
【００３７】[0037]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物
は、緻密でかつ溶融ガラスに対して望ましい侵食性を備
え、また発泡性が小さいため、アルカリ金属酸化物によ
るガラスの汚染を防止できる。また１５００℃の高温に
おいて５００Ωｃｍ以上と従来品に較べて著しく大きな
電気抵抗を得ることができる。本発明の高アルミナ質鋳
造耐火物は特に、低アルカリガラスの溶融およびガラス
の電気溶融に適していて亀裂などの欠陥がない良質の耐
火物を製造できる。
◆EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The high alumina cast refractory material according to the present invention is dense and has desirable corrosion resistance to molten glass, and has a low foaming property, so that it is possible to prevent contamination of glass by alkali metal oxides. Further, at a high temperature of 1500 ° C., an electric resistance of 500 Ωcm or more, which is significantly higher than that of the conventional product, can be obtained. The high-alumina cast refractory of the present invention is particularly suitable for melting low-alkali glass and electric melting of glass, and can produce high-quality refractory without defects such as cracks. ◆
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 橋本 格 東京都中央区日本橋久松町４番４号 糸 重ビル 東芝モノフラックス株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特公 昭44−18740（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) 特公 昭31−286（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Hashimoto 4-4 Hisamatsucho Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Thread Heavy Buildings Toshiba Monoflux Co., Ltd. (56) References Japanese Patent Publication Sho-44-18740 (JP, B1) Japanese Patent Publication Sho 31-286 (JP, B1)
Claims (2)
３が０．１〜３重量％、ＢａＯが０．１〜２重量％、Ｃ
ａＯが０．１〜１重量％、ＳｉＯ２が０．３〜５重量
％、アルカリ金属酸化物が０．２重量％以下になる割合
で含まれており、Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｂ２Ｏ３，ＢａＯ，Ｃａ
Ｏ，ＳｉＯ２を含有するガラス相がコランダムの結晶粒
子の粒界を取り巻いていて、緻密な組織を有しているこ
とを特徴とする高アルミナ質鋳造耐火物。1. Al 2 O 3 is 89 to 99% by weight, B 2 O
3 is 0.1 to 3% by weight, BaO is 0.1 to 2% by weight, C
aO is 0.1 to 1% by weight, SiO 2 is 0.3 to 5% by weight, and alkali metal oxides are contained at a ratio of 0.2% by weight or less. Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , BaO, Ca
A high-alumina cast refractory characterized in that a glass phase containing O and SiO 2 surrounds a grain boundary of corundum crystal grains and has a dense structure.
ｍ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高アル
ミナ質鋳造耐火物。2. The electrical resistivity at 1500 ° C. is 500 Ωc.
The high-alumina cast refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the refractory material has a high alumina content.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32381592A JP3489588B2 (en) | 1992-11-10 | 1992-11-10 | High alumina cast refractories |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32381592A JP3489588B2 (en) | 1992-11-10 | 1992-11-10 | High alumina cast refractories |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06144922A JPH06144922A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
| JP3489588B2 true JP3489588B2 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
Family
ID=18158915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32381592A Expired - Lifetime JP3489588B2 (en) | 1992-11-10 | 1992-11-10 | High alumina cast refractories |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3489588B2 (en) |
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1992
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9073773B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2015-07-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object, glass overflow forming block, and process for glass object manufacture |
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| US9174874B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2015-11-03 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object, glass overflow forming block, and process of forming and using the refractory object |
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| US9216928B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2015-12-22 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object including beta alumina and processes of making and using the same |
| US9249043B2 (en) | 2012-01-11 | 2016-02-02 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object and process of forming a glass sheet using the refractory object |
| US9902653B2 (en) | 2012-01-11 | 2018-02-27 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object and process of forming a glass sheet using the refractory object |
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| US11814317B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2023-11-14 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory article and method of making |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06144922A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
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