JP3471274B2 - Heat exchange equipment - Google Patents
Heat exchange equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP3471274B2 JP3471274B2 JP2000032142A JP2000032142A JP3471274B2 JP 3471274 B2 JP3471274 B2 JP 3471274B2 JP 2000032142 A JP2000032142 A JP 2000032142A JP 2000032142 A JP2000032142 A JP 2000032142A JP 3471274 B2 JP3471274 B2 JP 3471274B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchange
- exchange chamber
- tray
- trays
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、粒状の熱媒体を
用いて、高温気体の顕熱を低温気体に回収する熱交換装
置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat exchange device for recovering sensible heat of a high temperature gas into a low temperature gas by using a granular heat medium.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】直径１〜３ｍｍ程度の粒状熱媒体を用い
て、排ガス等の高温気体から顕熱を回収し、この回収し
た顕熱で常温空気等の低温気体を加熱する熱交換装置の
例としては、この発明の出願人が出願した特願２０００
−１６８５９号に記載されたものがある。2. Description of the Related Art An example of a heat exchange device for recovering sensible heat from a high temperature gas such as exhaust gas using a granular heat medium having a diameter of about 1 to 3 mm and heating a low temperature gas such as room temperature air with the recovered sensible heat. As for Japanese Patent Application 2000 filed by the applicant of this invention
-16859.
【０００３】この熱交換装置は、図６に示すように、高
温気体５１が流通する上部熱交換室５２と、低温気体５
３が流通する下部熱交換室５４とが上下に配置され、こ
れらの熱交換室５２、５４が小断面の連通部５５で連通
され、各熱交換室５２、５４にそれぞれ多孔板のトレイ
５６、５７が複数段に設けられている。As shown in FIG. 6, this heat exchange device includes an upper heat exchange chamber 52 in which a high temperature gas 51 flows and a low temperature gas 5
The lower heat exchange chamber 54 through which 3 flows is disposed above and below, and these heat exchange chambers 52, 54 are communicated with each other by a communication section 55 having a small cross section. 57 are provided in a plurality of stages.
【０００４】前記上部熱交換室５２の各トレイ５６は、
上下に隣接するトレイ５６が互いに左右逆向きに斜め下
方へ傾斜して張り出すように取り付けられ、その先端側
に開口部が形成されている。また、下部熱交換室５４の
各トレイ５７は下部熱交換室５４の横断面を覆って水平
に取り付けられている。各トレイ５６、５７には振動装
置５８も取り付けられている。Each tray 56 of the upper heat exchange chamber 52 is
The trays 56 that are vertically adjacent to each other are attached so as to incline obliquely downward in the opposite directions to the left and right, and an opening is formed at the tip side thereof. Further, each tray 57 of the lower heat exchange chamber 54 is horizontally attached so as to cover the cross section of the lower heat exchange chamber 54. A vibration device 58 is also attached to each of the trays 56 and 57.
【０００５】粒状の熱媒体５９は、上部熱交換室５２に
設けられた投入口６０から投入され、各トレイ５６を順
々に落下しながら高温気体５１の熱を吸収する。熱を吸
収した熱媒体５９は、上部熱交換室５２のコーン状の底
中央部に集められ、小断面の連通部５５を充填状態に保
ちながら下部熱交換室５４に移動する。The granular heat medium 59 is introduced from an inlet 60 provided in the upper heat exchange chamber 52, and absorbs the heat of the high temperature gas 51 while sequentially falling on each tray 56. The heat medium 59 that has absorbed the heat is collected in the central portion of the cone-shaped bottom of the upper heat exchange chamber 52, and moves to the lower heat exchange chamber 54 while keeping the communication section 55 having a small cross section filled.
【０００６】下部熱交換室５４に移動した熱媒体５９
は、各トレイ５７を順々に落下しながら、高温気体５１
から吸収した顕熱を低温気体５３に放出する。顕熱を放
出した熱媒体５９は下部熱交換室５４のコーン状の底中
央部に集められて、排出口６１からエゼクタ６２に排出
され、搬送管６３を通してホッパ６４に戻されて、投入
口６０から再び上部熱交換室５２に投入される。Heat medium 59 moved to the lower heat exchange chamber 54
While dropping each tray 57 in order,
The sensible heat absorbed from is released to the low temperature gas 53. The heat medium 59 that has released the sensible heat is collected in the central portion of the cone-shaped bottom of the lower heat exchange chamber 54, discharged from the discharge port 61 to the ejector 62, returned to the hopper 64 through the transport pipe 63, and input to the input port 60 Is again charged into the upper heat exchange chamber 52.
【０００７】この熱交換装置は、各トレイ５６、５７に
多孔板を用いることにより、多孔板の孔部から吹き上げ
る気体で熱媒体５９を各トレイ５６、５７上で流動さ
せ、気体との接触時間を長くして、熱交換を十分に行え
るようにしている。また、上部熱交換室５２の各トレイ
５６を傾斜させることにより、高温気体５１中の付着性
物質によってトレイ５６に付着する熱媒体５９を、振動
装置５８によりトレイ５６から剥離させ、これらの熱媒
体５９を傾斜面に沿って下段側のトレイ５６へ落下さ
せ、熱媒体５９を円滑に循環できるようにしている。In this heat exchange device, by using perforated plates for the trays 56 and 57, the heat medium 59 is made to flow on the trays 56 and 57 by the gas blown up from the holes of the perforated plates, and the contact time with the gas is increased. Is made longer so that sufficient heat exchange can be performed. Further, by inclining each tray 56 of the upper heat exchange chamber 52, the heat medium 59 adhering to the tray 56 due to the adhesive substance in the high temperature gas 51 is separated from the tray 56 by the vibrating device 58, and these heat mediums are separated. 59 is dropped along the inclined surface to the tray 56 on the lower stage side so that the heat medium 59 can be smoothly circulated.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述した従来の熱交換
装置は、各熱交換室のトレイに多孔板を用いることによ
り熱媒体をトレイ上で流動させ、熱交換のための気体と
の接触時間を長く確保できる利点を有するが、多孔板の
トレイでは熱媒体が孔部からも落下するので、この孔部
から吹き上げる気体の流速、すなわち各熱交換室への気
体の供給量によって、トレイ上での熱媒体の流動時間が
大きく変化する難点がある。気体の供給量が少ないと熱
媒体は孔部からすぐに落下し、気体の供給量が多すぎる
と熱媒体は長時間流動したままで落下し難くなる。In the above-mentioned conventional heat exchange device, a perforated plate is used for the tray of each heat exchange chamber to cause the heat medium to flow on the tray and to make contact time with the gas for heat exchange. However, since the heat medium also drops from the holes in the tray of a perforated plate, the flow rate of the gas blown up from the holes, that is, the amount of gas supplied to each heat exchange chamber, causes However, there is a problem that the flow time of the heat medium changes greatly. If the amount of gas supplied is small, the heat medium immediately drops from the holes. If the amount of gas supplied is too large, the heat medium remains flowing for a long time and is difficult to fall.
【０００９】また、上部熱交換室では、流通させる高温
気体に焼却炉の排ガスや、溶融炉や熱分解炉で発生する
分解ガスを用いることが多いので、長期間運転すると、
これらの排ガスや分解ガスに含まれる飛灰等のダストの
塊がトレイ上に載り、多孔板の孔部を閉塞することがあ
る。このため、孔部から吹き上げる気体の流速が変化す
るとともに、熱交換室内の圧力損失も増大し、熱交換室
を流通する気体の風量も低下する問題がある。排ガスや
分解ガスには、付着性のある飛灰や塩化物も含まれてい
るので、これらの付着性物質が孔部に付着してその断面
積を狭め、孔部から吹き上げる気体の流速を変化させた
り、熱交換室内の圧力損失を増大させたりする問題もあ
る。In the upper heat exchange chamber, the exhaust gas of the incinerator and the decomposition gas generated in the melting furnace and the thermal decomposition furnace are often used as the high-temperature gas to be circulated, so that when operating for a long time,
A mass of dust such as fly ash contained in the exhaust gas or decomposed gas may be placed on the tray and block the holes of the perforated plate. Therefore, there is a problem that the flow velocity of the gas blown up from the hole changes, the pressure loss in the heat exchange chamber also increases, and the air volume of the gas flowing through the heat exchange chamber also decreases. Since exhaust gas and decomposed gas also contain adherent fly ash and chlorides, these adherent substances adhere to the holes and narrow the cross-sectional area, changing the flow velocity of the gas blown up from the holes. There is also a problem in that the pressure loss in the heat exchange chamber is increased.
【００１０】なお、孔部のない平板状の傾斜トレイを用
いれば上記の各問題は生じないが、単に平板状の傾斜ト
レイを用いるのみでは、熱媒体がすぐに傾斜面を転がり
落ちるので、熱媒体と気体との接触時間が短く、熱交換
効率が悪くなる。The above problems do not occur if a flat plate-shaped inclined tray having no holes is used. However, if the flat plate-shaped inclined tray is simply used, the heat medium immediately rolls down on the inclined surface. The contact time between the medium and the gas is short, resulting in poor heat exchange efficiency.
【００１１】そこで、この発明の課題は、熱交換室、特
に高温気体が流通する上部熱交換室での熱媒体の流動時
間を安定して維持できる熱交換装置を提供することであ
る。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchange device capable of stably maintaining the flow time of the heat medium in the heat exchange chamber, particularly in the upper heat exchange chamber through which the high temperature gas flows.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めに、この発明は、高温気体が下方から上方へ流通する
上部熱交換室と、低温気体が下方から上方へ流通する下
部熱交換室とが上下に設けられ、上部熱交換室の下部と
下部熱交換室の上部が小断面の連通部で連通され、各熱
交換室にトレイが上下に複数段に設けられ、前記上部熱
交換室に設けられた熱媒体の投入口から投入される熱媒
体を、前記上部熱交換室の各トレイ、連通部、下部熱交
換室の各トレイ、下部熱交換室の底へと順次落下させ
て、前記各熱交換室を流通する気体と熱交換させる熱交
換装置において、少なくとも前記上部熱交換室を矩形状
の横断面とし、この矩形状の横断面とした熱交換室の各
トレイを、その上面が先端側へ下降する傾斜トレイとし
て、上下に隣接する傾斜トレイを互いに左右逆向きに張
り出し、これらの傾斜トレイの水平投影断面を矩形状と
して、その幅方向では前記熱交換室の矩形状横断面を覆
い、その長手方向では傾斜トレイの先端側に開口部が形
成されるものとし、これらの各傾斜トレイの先端側に形
成される開口部を下方から上方へ通過する前記気体の流
速を、前記熱媒体の前記気体中における自由落下の平衡
速度と概ね等しく設定するとともに、前記各傾斜トレイ
の下面を、上面と等角度で先端側へ上向きに傾斜させて
形成して、互いに隣接する上段側の傾斜トレイの下面と
下段側のトレイの上面との間に平行断面の傾斜通路を形
成し、この傾斜通路を通過する前記気体の流速を、前記
熱媒体自由落下の平衡速度の概ね半分に設定する構成を
採用した。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an upper heat exchange chamber in which a high temperature gas flows from the lower side to an upper side and a lower heat exchange chamber in which a low temperature gas flows from the lower side to an upper side. Are provided above and below, and the lower part of the upper heat exchange chamber and the upper part of the lower heat exchange chamber are communicated with each other by a communication part having a small cross section, and trays are provided in a plurality of vertical stages in each heat exchange chamber. The heat medium introduced from the heat medium introduction port provided in each of the trays of the upper heat exchange chamber, the communication part, the trays of the lower heat exchange chamber, sequentially dropped to the bottom of the lower heat exchange chamber, In a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with the gas flowing through each heat exchange chamber, at least the upper heat exchange chamber has a rectangular cross section, and each tray of the heat exchange chamber having the rectangular cross section has an upper surface thereof. Are vertically adjacent to each other as an inclined tray that descends to the tip side. The slant trays are projected to the left and right opposite to each other, and the horizontal projection cross sections of these slant trays are rectangular, and cover the rectangular cross section of the heat exchange chamber in the width direction, and open in the tip side of the slant tray in the longitudinal direction. And the flow velocity of the gas passing through the openings formed at the tip side of each of these inclined trays from the lower side to the upper side is approximately equal to the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium in the gas. Equally set and each of the tilt trays
Tilt the bottom surface of the
And the lower surface of the upper sloping tray adjacent to each other
Form an inclined passage with a parallel cross section between the upper surface of the lower tray
And the flow velocity of the gas passing through this inclined passage is
We adopted a configuration that is set to approximately half the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium .
【００１３】すなわち、少なくとも上部熱交換室の横断
面を矩形状とし、この熱交換室の各トレイを孔部のない
傾斜トレイとして、上下に隣接するトレイを互いに左右
逆向きに張り出し、各トレイの水平投影断面を、幅方向
で熱交換室の横断面を覆い、長手方向で先端側に開口部
が形成されるものとし、各トレイの部位での気体の通路
をトレイの先端側に形成される開口部に限定して、開口
部を通過する気体の流速を、熱媒体の気体中における自
由落下の平衡速度と概ね等しく設定することにより、こ
の開口部を落下する際の熱媒体の流動時間を長く確保し
て、気体との熱交換を十分に行えるようにした。That is, at least the cross section of the upper heat exchange chamber is rectangular, and each tray in this heat exchange chamber is an inclined tray having no holes. The horizontal projection cross section covers the cross section of the heat exchange chamber in the width direction, and the opening is formed on the tip side in the longitudinal direction, and the gas passage at each tray site is formed on the tip side of the tray. By limiting the flow velocity of the gas passing through the opening to the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium in the gas, the flow time of the heat medium when falling through this opening is limited to the opening. It was secured for a long time to allow sufficient heat exchange with gas.
【００１４】前記熱媒体の気体中における自由落下の平
衡速度Ｖt （ｍ／sec ）は、熱媒体を球形粒子と見なす
ことにより、レイノルズ数Ｒe の大きさに応じて、以下
の粒子の運動方程式から求めることができる。The equilibrium velocity Vt (m / sec) of the free fall of the heat medium in the gas can be calculated from the following equation of motion of particles according to the Reynolds number Re by considering the heat medium as spherical particles. You can ask.
【００１５】
Ｒe ≦２のとき
Ｖt ＝（ρs −ρf ）ｇ・Ｄ2 ／１８μ （１）
２＜Ｒe ≦５００のとき
Ｖt ＝｛４（ρs −ρf ）2 ｇ2 ／２２５μ・ρf ｝1/3 Ｄ （２）
Ｒe ＞５００のとき
Ｖt ＝｛３（ρs −ρf ）ｇ・Ｄ／ρf ｝1/2 （３）
ここに、ｇ：重力の加速度（９．８ｍ／sec2）、Ｄ：熱
媒体の直径（ｍ）、ρs：熱媒体の密度（kg／ｍ3)、ρf
：気体の密度（kg／ｍ3)、μ：気体の粘度（kg／ｍ・s
ec)である。When Re ≦ 2, Vt = (ρs−ρf) g · D 2 / 18μ (1) When 2 <Re ≦ 500 Vt = {4 (ρs−ρf) 2 g 2 / 225μ · ρf} 1 / here 3 D (2) Re> 500 Vt when = {3 (ρs -ρf) g · D / ρf} 1/2 (3), g: gravitational acceleration (9.8m / sec 2), D : Diameter of heat medium (m), ρs: Density of heat medium (kg / m 3 ), ρf
: Gas density (kg / m 3 ), μ: Gas viscosity (kg / m · s)
ec).
【００１６】前記平衡速度Ｖt は熱媒体の直径により若
干異なるが、前述したように、熱媒体の直径１〜３ｍｍ
程度であるので、使用する熱媒体の平均直径に応じて平
衡速度Ｖt を設定すれば、大多数の熱媒体の流動時間を
長く確保することができる。なお、温度変化に伴う気体
や熱媒体の密度変化による平衡速度Ｖt の差はごく僅か
である。The equilibrium velocity Vt varies slightly depending on the diameter of the heat medium, but as described above, the diameter of the heat medium is 1 to 3 mm.
Therefore, if the equilibrium velocity Vt is set according to the average diameter of the heat medium used, it is possible to secure a long flow time of the majority of the heat medium. The difference in the equilibrium velocity Vt due to the change in the density of the gas or heat medium due to the change in temperature is very small.
【００１７】前記各傾斜トレイの下面を、前記傾斜トレ
イの上面と等角度で先端側へ上向きに傾斜させて形成し
て、互いに隣接する上段側の傾斜トレイの下面と下段側
のトレイの上面との間に平行断面の傾斜通路を形成し、
この傾斜通路を通過する前記気体の流速を、前記熱媒体
自由落下の平衡速度の概ね半分に設定することにより、
このトレイ間の傾斜通路においても、熱媒体の流動時間
を長くすることができる。The lower surface of each of the inclined trays is formed to incline upward to the tip end side at an equal angle with the upper surface of the inclined tray, and the lower surface of the upper inclined tray and the upper surface of the lower tray adjacent to each other are formed. Forming an inclined passage with a parallel cross section between
By setting the flow velocity of the gas passing through this inclined passage to approximately half the equilibrium velocity of the heat medium free fall,
Even in the inclined passage between the trays, the heat medium flow time can be extended.
【００１８】前記各傾斜トレイを振動させる振動手段を
設けることにより、熱媒体のトレイへの付着を防止し、
熱媒体を円滑に循環させることができる。By providing a vibrating means for vibrating each of the inclined trays, it is possible to prevent the heat medium from adhering to the trays.
The heat medium can be smoothly circulated.
【００１９】前記各傾斜トレイを中空構造とし、前記傾
斜トレイの上下面を板厚が４ｍｍ以下の板材で形成する
ことにより、傾斜トレイの慣性を小さくして、前記振動
手段により傾斜トレイを容易に振動させることができ
る。Each of the inclined trays has a hollow structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the inclined trays are formed of a plate material having a plate thickness of 4 mm or less to reduce the inertia of the inclined trays and facilitate the inclined trays by the vibrating means. Can be vibrated.
【００２０】前記各傾斜トレイの上面に、前記上面の傾
斜方向と概ね直交する方向に延びる堰を設けることによ
り、傾斜トレイの上面を転がり落ちる熱媒体をこの堰で
せき止め、トレイ上に落下する熱媒体の一部をこれらの
せき止められた熱媒体に衝突させ、傾斜トレイ上面の摩
耗を低減して、その寿命を延長することができる。ま
た、傾斜面を転がり落ちる熱媒体が堰に当たって撥ね上
がり、熱媒体と気体との接触時間がより長くなる効果も
ある。By providing a weir extending on the upper surface of each of the inclined trays in a direction substantially orthogonal to the inclination direction of the upper surface, the heat medium rolling down on the upper surface of the inclined tray is blocked by the weir, and the heat that falls on the tray is stopped. A portion of the media can be impinged on these dammed heat media to reduce wear on the upper surface of the tilted tray and prolong its life. Further, there is also an effect that the heat medium rolling down the inclined surface hits the weir and splashes up, and the contact time between the heat medium and the gas becomes longer.
【００２１】前記各傾斜トレイを前記熱交換室のケーシ
ングに前後へ進退調節可能に取り付け、前記各傾斜トレ
イの先端側に形成される開口部の断面積を調節可能とす
ることにより、この開口部を通過する気体の流速を容易
に調節することができる。The inclined trays are attached to the casing of the heat exchange chamber so as to be adjustable forward and backward, and the cross-sectional area of the opening formed on the tip side of the inclined trays can be adjusted, whereby the opening is adjusted. The flow rate of the gas passing through can be easily adjusted.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図１乃至図５に基づき、こ
の発明の実施形態を説明する。図１および図２は、実施
形態を説明するための参考形態である。この熱交換装置
は、図１に示すように、燃焼排ガスの高温気体１が流通
する上部熱交換室２と、低温気体３が流通する下部熱交
換室４が上下に配置され、これらの熱交換室２、４が連
通管（連通部）５で連通され、各熱交換室２、４に、そ
れぞれトレイ６、７が複数段に設けられている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are implemented
It is a reference form for explaining the form . As shown in FIG. 1, in this heat exchange device, an upper heat exchange chamber 2 in which a high temperature gas 1 of combustion exhaust gas flows and a lower heat exchange chamber 4 in which a low temperature gas 3 flows are vertically arranged, and heat exchange between them is performed. The chambers 2 and 4 are communicated with each other by a communication pipe (communication portion) 5, and the heat exchange chambers 2 and 4 are provided with trays 6 and 7 in a plurality of stages, respectively.
【００２３】粒状の熱媒体８は、上部熱交換室２の上部
に設けられた投入口９から投入され、上部熱交換室２の
各トレイ６、連通管５、下部熱交換室４の各トレイ７、
下部熱交換室４の底へと順次落下し、上部熱交換室２を
通気口１０から排気口１１へと流通する高温気体１との
接触で顕熱を回収し、下部熱交換室４を通気口１２から
排気口１３へと流通する低温気体３に回収した顕熱を放
出して、低温気体３を加熱する。The granular heat medium 8 is introduced through an inlet 9 provided in the upper part of the upper heat exchange chamber 2, and each tray 6 of the upper heat exchange chamber 2, the communicating pipe 5, and each tray of the lower heat exchange chamber 4 are introduced. 7,
The sensible heat is recovered by contacting the high-temperature gas 1 flowing from the ventilation port 10 to the exhaust port 11 in the upper heat exchange chamber 2 by sequentially dropping to the bottom of the lower heat exchange chamber 4, and venting the lower heat exchange chamber 4. The sensible heat collected is discharged to the low temperature gas 3 flowing from the port 12 to the exhaust port 13 to heat the low temperature gas 3.
【００２４】前記下部熱交換室４の底に落下した熱媒体
８は、底部に設けられた排出口１４からエゼクタ１５に
排出され、ブロア１６から送風される空気で搬送管１７
を通してホッパ１８に戻され、前記投入口９から再び上
部熱交換室２に投入される。なお、上部熱交換室２の天
井部に設けられた排気口１１の下方には、熱媒体８の外
部への飛散を防止する円板状の飛散防止板１９が取り付
けられ、連通管５の下方には、連通管５内部の熱媒体８
の充填状態を保持するために、連通管５から落下する熱
媒体８の量を調整する陣笠状の流量調整板２０が取り付
けられている。The heat medium 8 that has dropped to the bottom of the lower heat exchange chamber 4 is discharged to the ejector 15 from the discharge port 14 provided at the bottom, and is conveyed by the air blown from the blower 16 to the transfer pipe 17.
It is returned to the hopper 18 through the above, and is again charged into the upper heat exchange chamber 2 from the charging port 9. Below the exhaust port 11 provided in the ceiling of the upper heat exchange chamber 2, a disc-shaped scattering prevention plate 19 for preventing the heat medium 8 from scattering to the outside is attached, and below the communication pipe 5. Is the heat medium 8 inside the communication tube 5.
In order to maintain the filled state of No. 2, a cap-like flow rate adjusting plate 20 for adjusting the amount of the heat medium 8 falling from the communication pipe 5 is attached.
【００２５】図２（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、各熱交
換室２、４のケーシングは鉄皮２１に耐火物２２を内張
りして形成され、その横断面は矩形状となっている。各
トレイ６、７は幅方向でこの矩形状横断面を覆う矩形板
で形成され、各熱交換室２、４の側壁に設けられたトレ
イ取り付け口２３から、先端を斜め下方に向けて挿入さ
れ、その先端側に各気体１、３が通過する開口部２４が
形成されている。トレイ取り付け口２３は各熱交換室
２、４の対向する側壁に千鳥状に設けられ、上下に隣接
する各トレイ６、７は、互いに先端を左右逆向きに向け
て取り付けられている。As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the casings of the heat exchange chambers 2 and 4 are formed by lining a refractory material 22 on a steel shell 21 and have a rectangular cross section. There is. Each of the trays 6 and 7 is formed of a rectangular plate that covers the rectangular cross section in the width direction, and the tips are inserted obliquely downward from the tray mounting ports 23 provided on the side walls of the heat exchange chambers 2 and 4. An opening 24 through which the gases 1 and 3 pass is formed on the tip side thereof. The tray mounting ports 23 are provided in a zigzag manner on the opposite side walls of the heat exchange chambers 2 and 4, and the vertically adjacent trays 6 and 7 are mounted such that the tips of the trays 6 and 7 are opposite to each other.
【００２６】各トレイ６、７の基端には鍔２５が設けら
れ、この鍔２５がスペーサ２６を介してトレイ取り付け
口２３のフランジ２７に取り付けられており、スペーサ
２６の厚みを変えることにより、各トレイ６、７の張り
出し量を変更し、開口部２４の断面積を調節することが
できる。また、各トレイ６、７の鍔２５には打槌式の振
動装置２８が押し当てられている。A flange 25 is provided at the base ends of the trays 6 and 7, and the flange 25 is attached to the flange 27 of the tray attachment port 23 via a spacer 26. By changing the thickness of the spacer 26, The projecting amount of each tray 6, 7 can be changed to adjust the cross-sectional area of the opening 24. A hammer type vibration device 28 is pressed against the collars 25 of the trays 6 and 7.
【００２７】前記開口部２４の断面積は、ここを上昇す
る各気体１、３の流速Ｖg が、各気体１、３中における
熱媒体８の自由落下の平衡速度Ｖt と概ね等しくなるよ
うに調節されている。The cross-sectional area of the opening 24 is adjusted so that the flow velocity Vg of each gas 1, 3 rising therethrough is substantially equal to the equilibrium velocity Vt of the free fall of the heat medium 8 in each gas 1, 3. Has been done.
【００２８】この参考形態では、熱媒体８の平均直径Ｄ
が１．２ｍｍ（０．００１２ｍ）、密度ρs が３６５０
kg／ｍ3 、各気体１、３の密度ρf が０．５６８kg／ｍ
3 、粘度μが０．００００３１kg／ｍ・sec であり、レ
イノルズ数Ｒe は２８７、（２）式から算出される平衡
速度Ｖt は約１３ｍ／sec である。したがって、各気体
１、３の流速Ｖg が１３ｍ／sec となるように、開口部
２４の断面積を調節した。なお、平衡速度Ｖt は熱媒体
８の直径Ｄにより若干変化するので、流速Ｖgと実際の
平衡速度Ｖt との比は、Ｖg ／Ｖt ＝０．８〜１．２５
の範囲に入っている。したがって、各開口部２４から下
段側の各トレイ６、７に落下する熱媒体８は、熱媒体８
の平衡速度Ｖt と概ね等しい流速Ｖg で上昇する各気体
１、３により、開口部２４断面の近傍で昇降を繰り返
し、各気体１、３との接触時間が延長される。In this reference embodiment, the average diameter D of the heating medium 8 is
Is 1.2 mm (0.0012 m) and the density ρs is 3650
kg / m 3 , the density ρ f of each gas 1, 3 is 0.568 kg / m
3 , the viscosity μ is 0.000031 kg / m · sec, the Reynolds number Re is 287, and the equilibrium velocity Vt calculated from the equation (2) is about 13 m / sec. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the opening 24 was adjusted so that the flow velocity Vg of each gas 1 and 3 was 13 m / sec. Since the equilibrium velocity Vt changes slightly depending on the diameter D of the heating medium 8, the ratio between the flow velocity Vg and the actual equilibrium velocity Vt is Vg / Vt = 0.8 to 1.25.
Is in the range of. Therefore, the heat medium 8 falling from the respective openings 24 to the lower trays 6 and 7 is the heat medium 8
By the respective gases 1 and 3 rising at a flow velocity Vg approximately equal to the equilibrium velocity Vt, the ascending and descending is repeated near the cross section of the opening 24, and the contact time with the respective gases 1 and 3 is extended.
【００２９】図３および図４は、第１の実施形態を示
す。この熱交換装置は、上下部の各熱交換室２９、３０
の各トレイ３１、３２の形態と取り付け方法のみが上記
参考形態と異なり、各熱交換室２９、３０の断面寸法形
状、使用する熱媒体８、およびその他の周辺構成は参考
形態と同じである。よって、これらの同一部分は、参考
形態と同じ符号で表示した。3 and 4 show the first embodiment. This heat exchange device includes upper and lower heat exchange chambers 29, 30.
Only form a mounting method of each tray 31 and 32 above
Unlike the reference mode , the cross-sectional dimensions and shapes of the heat exchange chambers 29 and 30, the heat medium 8 to be used, and other peripheral configurations are for reference.
It is the same as the form . Thus, these same parts, reference
It is indicated by the same symbol as the form .
【００３０】図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、各熱交
換室２９、３０のトレイ３１、３２は、板厚２．６ｍｍ
の鋼板を用いて中空構造とされ、その上下面が先端側に
向かって互いに等しい角度で逆向きに傾斜して、先端薄
厚に形成されている。各トレイ３１、３２は、上記参考
形態と同様に、幅方向で各熱交換室２９、３０の矩形状
横断面を覆い、その先端側に各気体１、３が通過する開
口部３３が形成されている。この開口部３３は参考形態
の開口部２４と断面積が等しく、開口部３３を上昇する
各気体１、３の流速Ｖg も１３ｍ／sec に設定されてい
る。As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the trays 31 and 32 of the heat exchange chambers 29 and 30 have a plate thickness of 2.6 mm.
The steel plate has a hollow structure, and the upper and lower surfaces thereof are formed to be thin at the tip end by inclining toward the tip end side at the same angle and in opposite directions. Refer to the above for each tray 31, 32
Similar to the form , the rectangular cross section of each heat exchange chamber 29, 30 is covered in the width direction, and an opening 33 through which each gas 1, 3 passes is formed on the tip side thereof. The opening 33 has the same cross-sectional area as the opening 24 of the reference embodiment, and the flow velocity Vg of each of the gases 1 and 3 rising in the opening 33 is also set to 13 m / sec.
【００３１】各トレイ３１、３２は、各熱交換室２９、
３０の側壁に設けられたトレイ取り付け口３４から水平
に挿入され、上下に隣接する各トレイ３１、３２は、互
いに先端を左右逆向きに向けて取り付けられており、上
段側のトレイ３１、３２の下面と下段側のトレイ３１、
３２の上面との間には、平行断面の傾斜通路３５が形成
されている。この傾斜通路３５の断面積は、開口部３３
の断面積の約２倍に形成され、傾斜通路３５を通過する
各気体１、３は、開口部３３を上昇する各気体１、３の
流速Ｖg の概ね半分の流速で斜めに上昇する。Each tray 31, 32 has a heat exchange chamber 29,
The trays 31 and 32 that are horizontally inserted from the tray mounting port 34 provided on the side wall of the unit 30 and are vertically adjacent to each other are attached with their front ends facing left and right, and the trays 31 and 32 on the upper side are attached. The tray 31 on the lower surface and the lower side,
An inclined passage 35 having a parallel cross section is formed between the upper surface of 32 and the upper surface of 32. The cross-sectional area of this inclined passage 35 is equal to the opening 33.
Each of the gases 1 and 3 which is formed to have a cross-sectional area of about 2 times and which passes through the inclined passage 35 obliquely rises at a flow velocity which is approximately half of the flow velocity Vg of each gas 1 and 3 which rises in the opening 33.
【００３２】各トレイ３１、３２の上面には、その傾斜
方向と直交する方向に延びる半割りパイプ製の堰部材３
６が複数本平行に取り付けられている。各トレイ３１、
３２の傾斜した上面を転がり落ちる熱媒体８は各堰部材
３６でせき止められるので、トレイ上に落下する熱媒体
８の一部がこれらのせき止められた熱媒体８に衝突し、
各トレイ３１、３２上面の摩耗が軽減される。また、傾
斜面を転がり落ちる熱媒体８が堰部材３６に当たって撥
ね上がり、熱媒体８と各気体１、３との接触時間がより
長くなる効果もある。堰部材３６にはアングル材や条材
等を用いてもよい。On the upper surface of each of the trays 31 and 32, the dam member 3 made of a half-split pipe extending in the direction orthogonal to the inclination direction thereof.
A plurality of 6 are attached in parallel. Each tray 31,
Since the heat medium 8 rolling down on the inclined upper surface of 32 is dammed by each dam member 36, a part of the heat medium 8 falling on the tray collides with the dammed heat medium 8,
Wear on the upper surfaces of the trays 31 and 32 is reduced. Further, there is also an effect that the heat medium 8 rolling down the inclined surface hits the dam member 36 and repels, and the contact time between the heat medium 8 and each gas 1, 3 becomes longer. An angle material or a strip material may be used for the dam member 36.
【００３３】各トレイ３１、３２の基端側は、耐火物３
７を内張りされた蓋部材３８で閉塞され、この蓋部材３
８がトレイ取り付け口３４のフランジ３９に取り付けら
れている。蓋部材３８には打槌式の振動装置４０も取り
付けられ、振動装置４０の打槌棒４１が蓋部材３８の中
央部に設けられた孔から水平方向に挿入され、各トレイ
３１、３２の内梁４２に押し当てられている。At the base end side of each tray 31, 32 is a refractory 3
7 is closed by a lid member 38 lined, and the lid member 3
8 is attached to the flange 39 of the tray attachment port 34. A hammer type vibrating device 40 is also attached to the lid member 38, and a hammer rod 41 of the vibrating device 40 is horizontally inserted through a hole provided in the central portion of the lid member 38 so that each tray 31, 32 is It is pressed against the beam 42.
【００３４】前記打槌棒４１により各トレイ３１、３２
を水平方向に打槌すると、図５に示すように、各トレイ
３１、３２の上面に付着する熱媒体８には水平衝撃力Ｆ
が作用し、この水平衝撃力Ｆのトレイ上面と直交方向の
分力ＦB により、トレイ上面に付着した熱媒体８が剥離
する。したがって、熱媒体８を装置内で円滑に循環させ
ることができる。同時に、各トレイ３１、３２の下面に
付着したダスト等にも水平衝撃力Ｆが作用し、この水平
衝撃力Ｆのトレイ下面と直交方向の分力によりダスト等
が剥離するので、各トレイ３１、３２の下面へのダスト
等の付着堆積も防止することができる。The trays 31 and 32 are moved by the hammer 41.
When the plate is hammered in the horizontal direction, the horizontal impact force F is applied to the heat medium 8 attached to the upper surface of each tray 31, 32 as shown in FIG.
And the component force F B of the horizontal impact force F in the direction orthogonal to the upper surface of the tray separates the heat medium 8 attached to the upper surface of the tray. Therefore, the heat medium 8 can be smoothly circulated in the apparatus. At the same time, the horizontal impact force F acts on the dust and the like attached to the lower surfaces of the trays 31 and 32, and the dust and the like are separated by the component force of the horizontal impact force F in the direction orthogonal to the tray lower surface. It is also possible to prevent the adhesion and accumulation of dust and the like on the lower surface of 32.
【００３５】上述した実施形態では、上下両方の熱交換
室の横断面を矩形状とし、各熱交換室に孔部のない傾斜
トレイを用いて、各トレイの部位での気体の通路を傾斜
トレイの先端側に形成される開口部に限定し、この開口
部を通過する気体の流速を、熱媒体の気体中における自
由落下の平衡速度と概ね等しく設定したが、これらの構
成を高温気体が流通する上部熱交換室のみに採用しても
よい。In the above-described embodiment , the upper and lower heat exchange chambers have rectangular cross sections, and inclined trays having no holes are used in each heat exchange chamber, and the gas passages at the respective tray sites are inclined trays. The flow velocity of the gas passing through this opening was set to be almost equal to the free-fall equilibrium velocity of the heat medium in the gas. It may be used only in the upper heat exchange chamber.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明の熱交換装置
は、少なくとも高温気体が流通する上部熱交換室の横断
面を矩形状とし、この熱交換室の各トレイを孔部のない
傾斜トレイとして、上下に隣接するトレイを互いに左右
逆向きに張り出し、各トレイの水平投影断面を、幅方向
で熱交換室の横断面を覆い、長手方向で先端側に開口部
が形成されるものとし、各トレイの部位での気体の通路
をトレイの先端側に形成される開口部に限定して、開口
部を通過する気体の流速を、熱媒体の気体中における自
由落下の平衡速度と概ね等しく設定したので、この開口
部を落下する際の熱媒体の流動時間を長く確保して、熱
媒体と気体との熱交換を十分に行うことができる。As described above, according to the heat exchange apparatus of the present invention, at least the upper heat exchange chamber in which the high temperature gas flows has a rectangular cross section, and each tray of the heat exchange chamber has an inclined tray without holes. As, the trays that are vertically adjacent to each other are juxtaposed in the opposite directions to each other, the horizontal projected cross section of each tray covers the transverse cross section of the heat exchange chamber in the width direction, and the opening is formed on the tip side in the longitudinal direction. By limiting the gas passage in each tray part to the opening formed on the tip side of the tray, the flow velocity of the gas passing through the opening is set to be approximately equal to the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium in the gas. Therefore, it is possible to secure a long flow time of the heat medium when falling through this opening, and to sufficiently perform heat exchange between the heat medium and the gas.
【００３７】また、各傾斜トレイの下面を、傾斜トレイ
の上面と等角度で先端側へ上向きに傾斜させて形成し
て、互いに隣接する上段側の傾斜トレイの下面と下段側
のトレイの上面との間に平行断面の傾斜通路を形成し、
この傾斜通路を通過する気体の流速を、熱媒体自由落下
の平衡速度の概ね半分に設定することにより、このトレ
イ間の傾斜通路においても、熱媒体の流動時間を長く
し、熱交換効率をさらに高めることができる。Further, the lower surface of each inclined tray is formed to incline upward to the tip side at an equal angle to the upper surface of the inclined tray, and the lower surface of the upper inclined tray and the upper surface of the lower tray adjacent to each other are formed. Forming an inclined passage with a parallel cross section between
By setting the flow velocity of the gas passing through this inclined passage to approximately half the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium, the flow time of the heat medium is lengthened even in the inclined passage between the trays, and heat exchange efficiency is further improved. Can be increased.
【図１】参考形態の熱交換装置を示す概略縦断面図FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a heat exchange device of a reference embodiment.
【図２】ａは図１の要部を拡大して示す縦断面図、ｂは
ａのII−II線に沿った断面図2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a main part of FIG. 1, and b is a sectional view taken along line II-II of a.
【図３】第１の実施形態の熱交換装置を示す概略縦断面
図FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the heat exchange device of the first embodiment.
【図４】ａは図３の要部を拡大して示す縦断面図、ｂは
ａのIV−IV線に沿った断面図4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main part of FIG. 3, and b is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of a.
【図５】図３のトレイの上面に作用する水平衝撃力を示
す拡大断面図5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a horizontal impact force acting on the upper surface of the tray of FIG.
【図６】従来の熱交換装置を示す概略縦断面図FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a conventional heat exchange device.
１ 高温気体 ２ 熱交換室 ３ 低温気体 ４ 熱交換室 ５ 連通管 ６、７ トレイ ８ 熱媒体 ９ 投入口 １０ 通気口 １１ 排気口 １２ 通気口 １３ 排気口 １４ 排出口 １５ エゼクタ １６ ブロア １７ 搬送管 １８ ホッパ １９ 飛散防止板 ２０ 流量調整板 ２１ 鉄皮 ２２ 耐火物 ２３ トレイ取り付け口 ２４ 開口部 ２５ 鍔 ２６ スペーサ ２７ フランジ ２８ 振動装置 ２９、３０ 熱交換室 ３１、３２ トレイ ３３ 開口部 ３４ トレイ取り付け口 ３５ 傾斜通路 ３６ 堰部材 ３７ 耐火物 ３８ 蓋部材 ３９ フランジ ４０ 振動装置 ４１ 打槌棒 ４２ 内梁 1 high temperature gas 2 heat exchange room 3 low temperature gas 4 heat exchange room 5 communication pipe 6, 7 trays 8 heat medium 9 slot 10 vents 11 exhaust port 12 vents 13 Exhaust port 14 outlet 15 ejectors 16 Blower 17 Conveyor tube 18 hoppers 19 Shatterproof plate 20 Flow rate adjusting plate 21 iron skin 22 Refractory 23 Tray mounting port 24 opening 25 Tsuba 26 Spacer 27 flange 28 Vibration device 29, 30 heat exchange room 31, 32 trays 33 opening 34 Tray mounting port 35 inclined passage 36 Weir member 37 Refractory 38 Lid member 39 flange 40 Vibration device 41 hammer rod 42 Inner beam
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平11−63868（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭55−43399（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭52−78165（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 特公 昭47−23402（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F28D 19/02 F23G 5/46 F28D 13/00 F28C 3/10 F23J 1/00 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-11-63868 (JP, A) JP-A-55-43399 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-52-78165 (JP, U) JP-B 47- 23402 (JP, B1) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) F28D 19/02 F23G 5/46 F28D 13/00 F28C 3/10 F23J 1/00
Claims (3)
熱交換室と、低温気体が下方から上方へ流通する下部熱
交換室とが上下に設けられ、上部熱交換室の下部と下部
熱交換室の上部が小断面の連通部で連通され、各熱交換
室にトレイが上下に複数段に設けられ、前記上部熱交換
室に設けられた熱媒体の投入口から投入される熱媒体
を、前記上部熱交換室の各トレイ、連通部、下部熱交換
室の各トレイ、下部熱交換室の底へと順次落下させて、
前記各熱交換室を流通する気体と熱交換させる熱交換装
置において、少なくとも前記上部熱交換室を矩形状の横
断面とし、この矩形状の横断面とした熱交換室の各トレ
イを、その上面が先端側へ下降する傾斜トレイとして、
上下に隣接する傾斜トレイを互いに左右逆向きに張り出
し、これらの傾斜トレイの水平投影断面を矩形状とし
て、その幅方向では前記熱交換室の矩形状横断面を覆
い、その長手方向では傾斜トレイの先端側に開口部が形
成されるものとし、これらの各傾斜トレイの先端側に形
成される開口部を下方から上方へ通過する前記気体の流
速を、前記熱媒体の前記気体中における自由落下の平衡
速度と概ね等しく設定するとともに、前記各傾斜トレイ
の下面を、上面と等角度で先端側へ上向きに傾斜させて
形成して、互いに隣接する上段側の傾斜トレイの下面と
下段側のトレイの上面との間に平行断面の傾斜通路を形
成し、この傾斜通路を通過する前記気体の流速を、前記
熱媒体自由落下の平衡速度の概ね半分に設定したことを
特徴とする熱交換装置。1. An upper heat exchange chamber in which a high temperature gas flows from below to above and a lower heat exchange chamber in which a low temperature gas flows from below to above are provided above and below, and a lower heat exchange with a lower portion of the upper heat exchange chamber. The upper part of the chamber is communicated with the communication part of a small cross section, the tray is provided in each heat exchange chamber in a plurality of upper and lower stages, the heat medium introduced from the heat medium inlet provided in the upper heat exchange chamber, The trays of the upper heat exchange chamber, the communication part, the trays of the lower heat exchange chamber, and the bottom of the lower heat exchange chamber are sequentially dropped,
In a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with the gas flowing through each heat exchange chamber, at least the upper heat exchange chamber has a rectangular cross section, and each tray of the heat exchange chamber having the rectangular cross section has an upper surface thereof. As an inclined tray where
Vertically adjacent inclined trays are projected to the left and right opposite to each other, and the horizontal projection cross sections of these inclined trays are rectangular, and the rectangular cross section of the heat exchange chamber is covered in the width direction thereof and the inclined trays of the inclined trays in the longitudinal direction thereof. It is assumed that an opening is formed on the tip side, and the flow velocity of the gas passing through the openings formed on the tip side of each of these inclined trays from the lower side to the upper side is determined by the free fall of the heat medium in the gas. Set the speed approximately equal to the equilibrium speed,
Tilt the bottom surface of the
And the lower surface of the upper sloping tray adjacent to each other
Form an inclined passage with a parallel cross section between the upper surface of the lower tray
And the flow velocity of the gas passing through this inclined passage is
A heat exchanger characterized by being set to approximately half the equilibrium velocity of the free fall of the heat medium .
を設けて、各傾斜トレイを中空構造とし、前記傾斜トレ
イの上下面を板厚が４ｍｍ以下の板材で形成した請求項
１に記載の熱交換装置。2. A vibrating means for vibrating each of the inclined trays is provided , and each of the inclined trays has a hollow structure.
(A) The upper and lower surfaces are formed of a plate material having a plate thickness of 4 mm or less.
Heat exchange apparatus according to 1.
傾斜方向と概ね直交する方向に延びる堰を設けた請求項
１または２に記載の熱交換装置。3. An upper surface of each of the inclined trays is provided with a weir extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the inclination direction of the upper surface.
The heat exchange device according to 1 or 2 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000032142A JP3471274B2 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2000-02-09 | Heat exchange equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000032142A JP3471274B2 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2000-02-09 | Heat exchange equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001221586A JP2001221586A (en) | 2001-08-17 |
| JP3471274B2 true JP3471274B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
Family
ID=18556791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000032142A Expired - Fee Related JP3471274B2 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2000-02-09 | Heat exchange equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3471274B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6075395B2 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-02-08 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Counterflow direct heating type heat exchanger |
| JP2017150745A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-08-31 | 開発電業株式会社 | Heat exchanger and power generation system |
-
2000
- 2000-02-09 JP JP2000032142A patent/JP3471274B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001221586A (en) | 2001-08-17 |
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