JP3464920B2 - Plant protectant - Google Patents

Plant protectant

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Publication number
JP3464920B2
JP3464920B2 JP22533598A JP22533598A JP3464920B2 JP 3464920 B2 JP3464920 B2 JP 3464920B2 JP 22533598 A JP22533598 A JP 22533598A JP 22533598 A JP22533598 A JP 22533598A JP 3464920 B2 JP3464920 B2 JP 3464920B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
plant
present
fine powder
pruned
protective agent
Prior art date
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JP22533598A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000044414A (en
Inventor
胤明 石川
純子 松井
敬太 秋田
淨 神納
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Taki Kasei Co Ltd
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Taki Kasei Co Ltd
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は植物保護剤に関し、
特に植物体の剪定部あるいは収穫作物の切り口等を処理
することにより、植物体への病原菌等の侵入あるいは接
触を防止して、病害の感染を予防し、あるいは植物保護
剤の散布により凍霜害を予防し、植物保護剤で収穫物を
被覆することにより品質を保持することを目的とするも
のである。 【0002】 【従来の技術】土壌病害による農作物等植物体の発病を
軽減するため、植物体の株元から地上部の保護を行うこ
とは重要である。例えば、トマト栽培を例にとると、ト
マト青枯病等の細菌病害では、トマトの発病株を剪定し
たハサミ等により他の健全株への感染被害が広がる場合
が多くある。また、萎凋病では地際の剪定部における土
の跳ね上げあるいは接触感染により発病する場合も多く
確認されている。更に、果菜類の抑制栽培に於いて、接
木部での病原菌の感染例が認められている。 【0003】また、剪定部への感染は、植物体地上部の
難防除病害である灰色かび病の発病とも関連しており、
花芽・花弁だけでなく剪定部への灰色かび病の感染も多
く、着果数の大幅な減少や株全体が枯死する場合も多く
認められている。更に、収穫物の切り口への感染によっ
て商品価値が無くなる場合が多いのが、この病気の特徴
でもある。このように農家圃場での野菜栽培では、土壌
を介しての土壌病害だけでなく、人為的な病気の感染伝
播によって病害が複合的に発生しているのが現状であ
る。 【0004】このような病気の感染伝播による病害発生
の予防のため、化学農薬等を使用して感染源となる剪定
部あるいは地際部を保護することは極めて困難である。
即ち、化学農薬等を使用しても灌水・散水等の作業によ
って処理効果が低下したり、または剪定部の殺菌では植
物体への生育阻害を生じることがある。更に、農薬を使
用する場合、ヒトに対する安全性及び環境保全上の問題
があり、また、耐性菌を出現させることによって、かえ
って病気の被害を大きくする場合がある。 【0005】従って、ヒトに対する安全性が高く、環境
公害がなく更に耐性菌を出現させることのない非殺菌性
の植物体の保護資材が望まれているが、未だそのような
植物資材は出現していないのが現状である。また、栽培
前の花卉球根類、種芋類は掘取後から植えつけ前までの
腐敗防止が必要であり、掘取後の処理では例えばチュー
リップ球根の場合トリフミン水和剤、トップジンM水和
剤による球根腐敗病の予防が行われている。植え付け前
処理では、花卉、球根類(チューリップ、ユリ、グラジ
オラス等)の場合軟腐病、球根腐敗病の防除を目的とし
てホーマイ水和剤が使用されている。芋類も植え付け前
処理には、ジャガイモの場合にはアタッキン水和剤、バ
リダシン粉剤が、ヤマイモの場合はベンレートT、ティ
ービック水和剤が、コンニャク芋の場合にはスターナ水
和剤、アグリマイシン100が腐敗防止を目的に使用さ
れている。しかし、堀取後から植え付けまでの長期の保
存を目的とした薬剤は開発されていない。 【0006】前述の通り栽培中の作物については、病虫
害防除の薬剤は多く開発されているが、ウリ科、ナス科
の作物の剪定跡あるいは芽かき跡の処理や茶、芝等の凍
霜害防止等の薬剤はなく、剪定部等にはアグリマイシン
や銅水和剤の目的外使用が行われており、凍霜害防止等
には被覆資材の使用で対応しているのが現状であり、有
効な薬剤及び資材の開発が望まれている。収穫物(果実
類、タマネギ、芋類、花卉等)の腐敗防止を目的とした
薬剤については、立毛時の処理剤は開発されているが収
穫物に対する処理剤の開発は行われていない。柑橘類の
ワックス処理も現在では、輸入品との差別化等のため使
用されていない。 【0007】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者らは、このよ
うな現状に於いて、ヒトあるいは環境生物に対する安全
性が高く、作物の剪定部等の保護、凍霜害予防、果実類
の果梗保護、収穫物(タマネギ、芋類、球根類、花卉)
の保護に使用できる植物保護剤について鋭意検討を重ね
た結果、本発明を完成したものである。従って本発明の
効果は、収穫物貯蔵時の腐敗防止や品質保持に、栽培中
においては作物病害の感染防止等の効果となって現れ
る。 【0008】 【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は可溶性アルミニ
ウムまたは鉄化合物と珪酸系微粉末またはアルミナ系微
粉末(但し、塩基性塩化アルミニウムと珪酸微粉末から
なる成分資材を除く。)を含有してなる植物保護剤に関
する。 【0009】 【発明の実施の形態】以下に本発明の植物保護剤につい
て更に詳述する。本発明の植物保護剤は、第一の主要成
分として可溶性アルミニウム(但し、塩基性塩化アルミ
ニウムを除く。)(以下、可溶性アルミニウムについて
同文略記する。)または鉄化合物を使用する。本発明に
於ける可溶性とは、水またはアルコールに溶解するもの
であって、可溶性アルミニウムまたは鉄化合物の例とし
て、無機化合物として、塩化アルミニウム、塩化鉄、硫
酸アルミニウム、硫酸鉄、硝酸アルミニウム、硝酸鉄、
及びこれらの塩基性塩(但し、塩基性塩化アルミニウム
を除く。)を挙げることができる。また、有機化合物と
してはアルミニウムまたは鉄のカルボン酸塩、具体的に
は、シュウ酸、酢酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、マレイン酸のア
ルミニウムまたは鉄化合物を挙げることができる。 【0010】本発明に於いては、第二の主成分として珪
酸系微粉末またはアルミナ系微粉末を使用する。これら
の例としては、天然化合物として、ケイソウ土、シラ
ス、ゼオライト、けい砂、タルク等が、天然物として
は、活性白土等が、合成化合物としては、ホワイトカー
ボン、シリカゾル、シリカ系エアロゾル、溶融シリカフ
ィラー等が、アルミナ系に於いては、アルミナ微粉末、
アルミナゾル等を挙げることができるがこれらに限定さ
れるものではない。そしてこれら微粉末の大きさは平均
粒径5nm〜30μmのものが好ましい。 【0011】本発明の使用態様としては、上記可溶性ア
ルミニウムまたは鉄化合物と珪酸系微粉末またはアルミ
ナ系微粉末とを水またはアルコールに溶解あるいは懸濁
させて使用する。必要に応じ、アセトン等の他の有機溶
媒を加えても良い。また、本発明の効果を更に高めるた
めに、シュードモナス属細菌、ストレプトマイセス属放
線菌、ペニシリウム属糸状菌等の非病原性糸状菌・細菌
類を混合使用することが推奨される。これら非病原性糸
状菌・細菌類の使用濃度は、104cells/ml以上が望ま
しい。 【0012】本発明に於いて非病原性糸状菌・細菌類を
混合使用する理由は、本発明植物保護剤が降雨等により
植物体から離脱したような場合、植物体に着生した非病
原性糸状菌・細菌類により病原菌の侵入を防ぐことにあ
る。さて、本発明における可溶性アルミニウムまたは鉄
化合物と珪酸系微粉末またはアルミナ系微粉末との使用
割合は、R23(但し、RはAlまたはFeを示す)と
してSiO2又はAl23に対して概ね0.5〜100
重量%の範囲で使用する。また、本発明植物保護剤の濃
度は使用目的により異なるがR23として0.1〜10
重量%、微粉末として0.5〜2.5重量%の範囲が一
般的である。 【0013】このように調製した本発明植物保護剤を植
物体の剪定部あるいは収穫作物の切り口等に噴霧、塗
布、滴下あるいは浸漬することにより、植物体の処理面
で皮膜を形成させ、植物体への病原菌等の侵入あるいは
接触を防止し、以て植物体の病害感染予防をすることあ
るいは本発明保護剤で収穫物を被覆することにより収穫
物の品質保持を行うことが可能となる。 【0014】このような本発明植物保護剤の作用機構に
ついては明らかではないが、第一の主要成分である可溶
性アルミニウムまたは鉄化合物と、第二の主要成分であ
る珪酸系微粉末またはアルミナ系微粉末が噴霧或いは塗
布後は処理面で特定の粒子径の団粒を形成し、両者が特
異的且つ相乗的に作用する。即ち、植物体処理部から
の急速な水分の蒸散阻止、処理部の水分固定及び有機
物・微生物の吸着・凝集、処理部表面の乾燥に伴う吸
着・凝集体の移動調整、乾燥後の吸着・凝集体の固定
化によって、植物体組織と病原菌とが物理的に隔離され
ると共に、植物体の切り口の表皮に治癒組織の形成が促
進され、あるいは保護被膜の形成が促進され効果が発現
するものと推定される。 【0015】更に、本発明の植物保護剤は、これに含ま
れる成分は非殺菌性であるだけでなく、散水、水洗によ
って容易に植物体、収穫物から除去することができる。
また、本発明植物保護剤の珪酸系微粉末又はアルミナ系
微粉に代えて、炭カル等の塩基性無機化合物あるいは反
応性の高い他の微粉末原料を使用しても、本発明の効果
を期待することができない。 【0016】 【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を掲げ更に説明を行
う。尚、実施例に於いて%は特に断らない限り全て重量
%を示す。 【0017】(実施例1)塩基性硫酸第二鉄(Fe23
16% 塩基度8%多木化学(株)製)とケイソウ土微粉
末(昭和化学(株)製 ラジオライト #100 平均粒
子径 4.7μmSiO2含有量 90.4%)を使用
し、水に希釈分散させて表1に示した濃度の本発明植物
保護剤を調製した。また、比較のために、上記原料を各
々単独で水に溶解、分散させた溶液を調製した。 【0018】 【表1】 【0019】別に、トマト病害発生株の根部より分離・
培養した青枯病菌を、滅菌水で108cells/mlの懸濁液
に調製した。これを栽培中のトマト(品種:桃太郎)の
腋芽を剪定した跡に噴霧した。この青枯病菌噴霧2時間
後に、表1に示した本発明植物保護剤及び比較のための
資材を塗布した。2日経過後に、各資材で処理を行った
剪定部から約1cmの剪定部植物体を切り取り、その断
面での青枯病菌を含む細菌の生育状況を下記の細菌の検
定方法によって検定した。また、対照として、青枯病菌
のみを噴霧した剪定部(対照1)及び検定時に採取した
未処理の腋芽(対照2)についても同様に検定を行っ
た。 【0020】<細菌の検定方法>採取した植物の切断面
をスライドグラスに軽く押し当て、グラス上にレプリカ
した。レプリカ部を自然風乾し火炎固定の後、常法によ
りグラム染色を行った。染色後の顕微鏡下で青枯病菌を
含むグラム陰性細菌の分布率を計測した。レプリカ時の
グラム陰性細菌の検定結果と植物体の状態を表2に示し
た。尚、表2に於ける「切断面の植物体の状態」は対象
2を評価基準とした。 【表2】 【0021】(実施例2)実施例1で使用した青枯病菌
を収穫期のトマト(品種:ココ)の腋芽跡に噴霧した。
次いで、塩化アルミニウム溶液(「TKフロック」多木
化学(株)製 Al239.2% Cl19.2%とゼオライト
粉砕品(SiO265.4%、Al2314.8%、平均粒子径1
2.3μm)を重量比で1:2.8(B−1)及び1:0.28
(B−2)で混合した懸濁液及び比較のための実施例1
の資材C−1、C−3を各々塗布し、2週間後の剪定部
周辺の萎凋状態を観察した。尚、試験は各試験区共に5
株を使用し、各株について3本の腋芽を剪定して処理を
行った。また、青枯病菌のみを噴霧した株(資材未処理
株)を対照とした。観察結果を表3に示した。 【0022】 【表3】【0023】(実施例3)溢液量の多い作物を対象とし
て、塩基性硫酸第二鉄粉末品(試作品 塩基度15%
Fe23 32%)とエアロジル(デグサ社 380
BET比表面積380m2/g 平均粒径 7nm S
iO2含有量 99%)を使用し、表4に示した割合で
混合し本発明の植物保護剤を得た。キュウリ栽培圃場か
ら採取した灰色かび病の病菌胞子106cells/mlを含有
した懸濁液を調製した。施設内栽培のキュウリ(品種:
はやみどり)のつるを剪定し、その剪定部に表4の本発
明の植物保護剤を噴霧した。噴霧24時間後に剪定部に
灰色かび病菌胞子懸濁液を噴霧し、2週間後の剪定部の
軟化状態と黄化症状の有無を観察した。尚、対照として
本発明の植物保護剤を使用しなかった剪定部に灰色かび
病菌懸濁液を噴霧した。また、試験区は各区共に5株を
使用し、1株当たり剪定する孫つるを3本として試験を
行った。観察結果を表5に示した。 【0024】 【表4】 【0025】 【表5】【0026】(実施例4)乳酸アルミニウム溶液(Al
23 1.5%、乳酸2.15%)1Kgとタルク(SiO
261.3%、MgO 31.0%、平均粒子径 25
nm)0.025Kgとエタノール(99.5%)0.5Lを混
合して懸濁液(D−1)を調製した。乳酸アルミニウム
溶液に代えて乳酸鉄(Fe231.5% 乳酸1.80
%)を同量使用し懸濁液(D−2)を調製した。この調
製懸濁液にタマネギの収穫後の剪葉部切り口を浸漬させ
た。1ヶ月間タマネギを風乾・貯蔵させた後、タマネギ
の腐敗率を調査した。尚、対照として切り口が無処理の
タマネギを用いた。また、試験は各々200個のタマネ
ギを使用して調査を行った。調査結果を表6に示した。 【0027】 【表6】 【0028】(実施例5)春植えの(4月)ジャガイモ
(品種・男爵)の種芋をアタッキン水和剤で常法により
浸漬処理を行った。(比較例)実施例1本発明保護剤
(S−1)を用いて同様に浸漬処理を行った。(本発明
例)両処理済の種芋を10分間風乾後、無処理の種芋と
共に露地圃場に定植し、2ヶ月後に収穫しその種芋の萌
芽率、収穫量を調査した。各区共に1区約1Kgの種芋
を使用して、3反復で行った。各試験区の3反復の平均
値を表7に示した。 【表7】 【0029】(実施例6)チューリップ球根を掘取後に
トリフミン水和剤で常法により浸漬処理を行った。(比
較例)実施例2本発明保護剤(B−2)を用いて同様に
浸漬処理を行った。(本発明例)無処理の球根とともに
1時間風乾後、各区100個の球根をネットに入れ、2
5℃、湿度80%の条件で1ヶ月間貯蔵した。貯蔵後の
腐敗状況を調査した。結果を表8に示した。 【表8】【0030】(実施例7)収穫した温州ミカン果実を対
象にワックス処理を行った。 (比較例)実施例1本発明保護剤(S−3)を用いて果
実表皮面の処理を行った。(本発明例)対照の果実とと
もに1時間風乾後各区100個をネットに入れ、10
℃、湿度85%の条件下で2ヶ月間貯蔵した。貯蔵後の
腐敗状況を調査した。結果を表9に示した。 【表9】 【0031】 【発明の効果】本発明の植物保護資材は、植物体の剪定
部あるいは収穫作物の切り口等をこの資材で処理するこ
とにより、植物体の処理面で皮膜を形成させ、植物体へ
の病原菌の侵入あるいは接触を防止し、植物体の病害感
染予防あるいは収穫物の品質保持を行うことを目的とす
る資材である。このような資材は、ヒトに対する安全性
が高く、環境公害がなく、更に病原菌に対する耐性菌を
出現させることのない非殺菌性の植物体の保護資材とし
て有益である。
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant protective agent,
In particular, by treating the pruned part of the plant or the cut of the harvested crop, it is possible to prevent the invasion or contact of pathogenic bacteria, etc., into the plant, thereby preventing the spread of disease, or by spraying a plant protective agent to prevent frost damage. It is intended to prevent and preserve the quality by coating the crop with plant protection agents. 2. Description of the Related Art It is important to protect the above-ground parts from the roots of plants in order to reduce the incidence of plants such as agricultural crops caused by soil diseases. For example, in the case of tomato cultivation as an example, in the case of bacterial diseases such as tomato bacterial wilt, infectious damage to other healthy strains often spreads due to scissors or the like that have pruned the disease-causing strains of tomato. In addition, it has been confirmed that wilt disease is often caused by soil jumping or contact infection at a pruned part near the ground. Furthermore, in the suppression cultivation of fruits and vegetables, infection cases of pathogenic bacteria in grafted parts have been observed. [0003] Infection of the pruned part is also associated with the onset of gray mold, which is an intractable control disease on the aerial part of the plant.
Not only flower buds and petals but also pruned parts are infected with gray mold, and the number of fruit set is greatly reduced and the whole plant is often killed. In addition, it is a characteristic of this disease that commercial value is often lost due to infection of the cut end of the crop. As described above, in the vegetable cultivation in the farmer's field, at present, not only the soil disease through the soil, but also the disease is compounded due to transmission of an artificial disease. [0004] In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases due to the spread of such diseases, it is extremely difficult to protect the pruned or ground parts, which are the source of infection, using chemical pesticides or the like.
That is, even when a chemical pesticide or the like is used, the treatment effect may be reduced by operations such as watering and watering, or sterilization of the pruned portion may cause growth inhibition on a plant. In addition, when pesticides are used, there are problems in human safety and environmental conservation, and the emergence of resistant bacteria may rather increase the damage of the disease. [0005] Accordingly, there is a demand for a non-sterile plant protection material which is highly safe for humans, does not cause environmental pollution, and does not allow the emergence of resistant bacteria. It is not at present. In addition, flower bulbs and seed potatoes before cultivation require rot prevention from excavation to before planting. In the processing after excavation, for example, in the case of tulip bulbs, trifmine wettable powder and topgin M wettable powder are used. Prevention of bulb rot is being carried out. In the pre-planting treatment, Homai wettable powder is used for controlling soft rot and bulb rot in the case of flowers and bulbs (tulip, lily, gladiolus, etc.). For pre-planting treatment of potatoes, Attachin wettable powder and baridacin powder for potato, Benlate T and Tivic wettable powder for yam, Stana wettable powder for konjac potato, Agrimycin 100 are used for the purpose of preventing decay. However, no drug has been developed for long-term preservation after harvesting and planting. [0006] As mentioned above, many chemicals for controlling pests and insects have been developed for growing crops. Agrimycin and copper wettable powder are used for unintended purposes in the pruning section, etc., and at present it is effective to prevent frost damage by using coating materials. The development of new drugs and materials is desired. As for agents intended to prevent spoilage of harvested products (fruits, onions, potatoes, flowers, etc.), treatment agents for piloerection have been developed, but treatment agents for crops have not been developed. At present, citrus wax treatment is not used because of differentiation from imported products. [0007] Under such circumstances, the present inventors have high safety to humans or environmental organisms, protect crop pruning parts, prevent frost frost damage, and produce fruits. Stem protection, harvest (onions, potatoes, bulbs, flowers)
As a result of intensive studies on a plant protective agent that can be used for the protection of water, the present invention has been completed. Therefore, the effects of the present invention appear as effects such as prevention of spoilage and quality preservation during storage of crops, and effects such as prevention of infection of crop diseases during cultivation. [0008] The present invention relates to a soluble aluminum or iron compound and a silicate-based fine powder or an alumina-based fine powder (provided that a basic aluminum chloride and a silicate fine powder are used).
Excluding component materials ) . BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The plant protective agent of the present invention will be described below in more detail. The plant protectant of the present invention comprises soluble aluminum (but not limited to basic aluminum chloride) as the first main component.
Excludes Nium. ) (Hereinafter, regarding soluble aluminum
Abbreviated in the same sentence. ) Or an iron compound. In the present invention, the term "soluble" means that the compound is soluble in water or alcohol. Examples of the soluble aluminum or iron compound include inorganic compounds such as aluminum chloride, iron chloride, aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate, aluminum nitrate, and iron nitrate. ,
And their basic salts (however, basic aluminum chloride
except for. ) . Further, examples of the organic compound include aluminum or iron carboxylate, specifically, aluminum or iron compounds of oxalic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and maleic acid. In the present invention, silicate fine powder or alumina fine powder is used as the second main component. Examples of these are diatomaceous earth, shirasu, zeolite, silica sand, talc and the like as natural compounds, activated clay and the like as natural products, and white carbon, silica sol, silica aerosol and fused silica as synthetic compounds. Filler etc., in the case of alumina, alumina fine powder,
Alumina sol and the like can be mentioned, but it is not limited to these. The fine powder preferably has an average particle size of 5 nm to 30 μm. In a use mode of the present invention, the above-mentioned soluble aluminum or iron compound and silicate-based fine powder or alumina-based fine powder are dissolved or suspended in water or alcohol. If necessary, another organic solvent such as acetone may be added. In order to further enhance the effects of the present invention, it is recommended to use a mixture of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi and bacteria such as Pseudomonas bacteria, Streptomyces actinomycetes, and Penicillium filamentous fungi. The use concentration of these non-pathogenic fungi and bacteria is preferably 10 4 cells / ml or more. In the present invention, the reason why the non-pathogenic fungi and bacteria are mixed and used is that when the plant protective agent of the present invention is detached from the plant due to rainfall or the like, the non-pathogenic fungi or bacteria that have formed on the plant are used. To prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by filamentous fungi and bacteria. In the present invention, the ratio of the soluble aluminum or iron compound to the silicate-based fine powder or the alumina-based fine powder is defined as R 2 O 3 (where R represents Al or Fe) in SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 . About 0.5 to 100
Use in the range of weight%. The concentration of the plant protective agent of the present invention varies depending on the purpose of use, but is 0.1 to 10 as R 2 O 3.
In general, a range of 0.5 to 2.5% by weight as a fine powder is used. The plant protective agent of the present invention thus prepared is sprayed, applied, dropped or immersed on a pruned portion of a plant or a cut of a harvested crop to form a film on the treated surface of the plant, It is possible to prevent the invasion or contact of pathogenic bacteria or the like into the plant, thereby preventing the disease and infection of plants, or by coating the crop with the protective agent of the present invention, thereby maintaining the quality of the crop. Although the mechanism of action of the plant protectant of the present invention is not clear, the first main component is a soluble aluminum or iron compound, and the second main component is a silicate fine powder or an alumina fine powder. After the powder is sprayed or applied, aggregates having a specific particle size are formed on the treated surface, and both act specifically and synergistically. That is, rapid transpiration of water from the plant processing unit is prevented, moisture is fixed in the processing unit, organic matter and microorganisms are adsorbed and coagulated, adsorption and coagulation of the treated unit surface are adjusted, and adsorption and coagulation after drying are performed. By immobilizing the aggregate, the plant tissue and the pathogenic bacteria are physically isolated, and the formation of a healing tissue is promoted on the epidermis of the cut end of the plant, or the formation of a protective coating is promoted and the effect is exhibited. Presumed. [0015] Furthermore, the components contained in the plant protective agent of the present invention are not only non-sterile, but can be easily removed from plants and crops by watering and washing.
In addition, the effect of the present invention is expected even when a basic inorganic compound such as charcoal or other highly reactive fine powder raw material is used in place of the silicate-based fine powder or the alumina-based fine powder of the plant protective agent of the present invention. Can not do it. Examples of the present invention will be described below in more detail. In the examples, all percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. (Example 1) Basic ferric sulfate (Fe 2 O 3)
Use 16% basicity 8% Taki Chemical and Co.) diatomaceous earth powder (Showa Chemical Co., Ltd. Radio Light # 100 average particle size 4.7MyumSiO 2 content 90.4%), water By diluting and dispersing, the plant protective agent of the present invention having the concentration shown in Table 1 was prepared. For comparison, a solution was prepared by dissolving and dispersing each of the above raw materials in water alone. [Table 1] Separately from the root of tomato disease-causing strains
The cultured bacterial wilt was prepared as a suspension of 10 8 cells / ml with sterile water. This was sprayed on the trace of pruning axillary buds of a growing tomato (variety: Momotaro). Two hours after spraying the bacterial wilt fungus, the plant protective agent of the present invention shown in Table 1 and materials for comparison were applied. After a lapse of 2 days, a pruned plant of about 1 cm was cut off from the pruned section treated with each material, and the growth of bacteria including bacterial wilt on the cross section was examined by the following bacterial assay method. In addition, as a control, the same test was performed on the pruned part (control 1) sprayed with only the bacterial wilt and the untreated axillary bud (control 2) collected at the time of the test. <Assay Method for Bacteria> A cut section of the collected plant was lightly pressed against a slide glass and replicated on the glass. The replica part was air-dried, fixed with a flame, and then subjected to Gram staining by a conventional method. The distribution rate of Gram-negative bacteria including bacterial wilt was measured under a microscope after staining. Table 2 shows the test results of the Gram-negative bacteria and the state of the plant at the time of replica. In addition, "the state of the plant body of the cut surface" in Table 2 evaluated the object 2 as an evaluation standard. [Table 2] Example 2 The bacterial wilt fungus used in Example 1 was sprayed on the axillary buds of tomato (variety: Coco) at the harvest time.
Then, an aluminum chloride solution (“TK Floc”, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd., Al 2 O 3 9.2% Cl 19.2% and pulverized zeolite (SiO 2 65.4%, Al 2 O 3 14.8%, average particle diameter 1
2.3 μm) by weight ratio of 1: 2.8 (B-1) and 1: 0.28
Suspension mixed in (B-2) and Example 1 for comparison
The materials C-1 and C-3 were applied respectively, and the withering state around the pruned part after 2 weeks was observed. In addition, the test is 5
Using the strains, three axillary buds were pruned and treated for each strain. A strain sprayed with only the bacterial wilt (untreated material) was used as a control. Table 3 shows the observation results. [Table 3] Example 3 Basic ferric sulfate powder (prototype: basicity 15%) for crops with a large amount of overflow
Fe 2 O 3 32%) and Aerosil (Degussa 380
BET specific surface area 380m 2 / g Average particle size 7nm S
(iO 2 content: 99%) and mixed in the proportions shown in Table 4 to obtain the plant protectant of the present invention. A suspension containing 10 6 cells / ml of spores of the fungus of gray mold collected from a cucumber cultivation field was prepared. Cucumber grown in the facility (cultivar:
The vine of Hayamidori was pruned, and the pruned part was sprayed with the plant protectant of the present invention shown in Table 4. Twenty-four hours after spraying, a suspension of the fungus spores of Botrytis cinerea was sprayed on the pruned part, and two weeks later, the softened state of the pruned part and the presence or absence of yellowing were observed. As a control, a suspension of the fungus of Botrytis cinerea was sprayed on the pruned part where the plant protective agent of the present invention was not used. In each of the test plots, 5 plots were used in each plot, and the test was performed with three grandchildren per pruning. Table 5 shows the observation results. [Table 4] [Table 5] Example 4 Aluminum lactate solution (Al
1 kg of 2 O 3 1.5%, lactic acid 2.15%) and talc (SiO
2 61.3%, MgO 31.0%, average particle size 25
nm) and 0.5 L of ethanol (99.5%) were mixed to prepare a suspension (D-1). Iron lactate (Fe 2 O 3 1.5% lactic acid 1.80) instead of aluminum lactate solution
%) Was used in the same amount to prepare a suspension (D-2). The cut edge of the onion after harvesting the onion was immersed in this prepared suspension. After the onions were air-dried and stored for one month, the decay rate of the onions was examined. As a control, an unprocessed onion was used. The test was conducted using 200 onions. The results of the survey are shown in Table 6. [Table 6] (Example 5) A potato (variety, baron) seed of spring planting (April) was immersed in an attacking wettable powder in a conventional manner. (Comparative Example) Example 1 The same immersion treatment was performed using the protective agent (S-1) of the present invention. (Examples of the present invention) Both treated seed potatoes were air-dried for 10 minutes, then planted together with untreated seed potatoes in an open field, harvested two months later, and the sprout rate and yield of the seed potatoes were examined. Each section was performed in triplicate using about 1 kg of seed potato per section. Table 7 shows the average of three replicates in each test plot. [Table 7] (Example 6) After excavation of a tulip bulb, immersion treatment was carried out by a conventional method with a trifmine wettable powder. (Comparative Example) Example 2 The same immersion treatment was performed using the protective agent (B-2) of the present invention. (Example of the present invention) After air-drying for 1 hour together with untreated bulbs, put 100 bulbs in each section into a net,
It was stored for one month at 5 ° C. and 80% humidity. The rot status after storage was investigated. The results are shown in Table 8. [Table 8] Example 7 Wax treatment was performed on harvested Satsuma mandarin fruits. (Comparative Example) Example 1 Fruit surface was treated with the protective agent (S-3) of the present invention. (Example of the present invention) After air-drying for 1 hour together with the control fruit, 100 pieces of each section were put in a net, and
It was stored for 2 months under the conditions of ° C and a humidity of 85%. The rot status after storage was investigated. The results are shown in Table 9. [Table 9] The plant protection material of the present invention is obtained by treating a pruned part of a plant or a cut end of a harvested crop with this material, thereby forming a film on the treated surface of the plant and applying it to the plant. The purpose of this material is to prevent the invasion or contact of pathogenic bacteria, and to prevent disease and infection of plants or to maintain the quality of harvested products. Such a material is highly safe for humans, has no environmental pollution, and is useful as a non-sterile plant protection material that does not cause emergence of resistant bacteria against pathogenic bacteria.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平10−203915(JP,A) 特開 平8−268819(JP,A) 特開 平8−81317(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) A01N 1/00 - 65/02 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-10-203915 (JP, A) JP-A 8-268819 (JP, A) JP-A 8-81317 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) A01N 1/00-65/02

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 可溶性アルミニウムまたは鉄化合物と珪
酸系微粉末またはアルミナ系微粉末(但し、塩基性塩化
アルミニウムと珪酸微粉末からなる成分資材を除く。)
を含有してなる植物保護剤。
(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] Soluble aluminum or iron compound and silicate fine powder or alumina fine powder (however,
Excludes component materials consisting of aluminum and silicate fine powder. )
A plant protective agent comprising:
JP22533598A 1998-07-24 1998-07-24 Plant protectant Expired - Fee Related JP3464920B2 (en)

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JP6366073B2 (en) * 2013-03-19 2018-08-01 国立大学法人 岡山大学 Plant protectant and method for controlling plant diseases
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