JP3459218B2 - Friction stir welding method - Google Patents

Friction stir welding method

Info

Publication number
JP3459218B2
JP3459218B2 JP2000055192A JP2000055192A JP3459218B2 JP 3459218 B2 JP3459218 B2 JP 3459218B2 JP 2000055192 A JP2000055192 A JP 2000055192A JP 2000055192 A JP2000055192 A JP 2000055192A JP 3459218 B2 JP3459218 B2 JP 3459218B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
rotary tool
friction stir
plate
stir welding
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP2000055192A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2001152562A (en
Inventor
昌邦 江角
一成 福寄
佳彦 稲
徹也 松永
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP2000055192A priority Critical patent/JP3459218B2/en
Publication of JP2001152562A publication Critical patent/JP2001152562A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3459218B2 publication Critical patent/JP3459218B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/045Hollow panels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は形材の摩擦攪拌接合
方法に関するものである。例えば、鉄道車両や建築物等
に使用されるアルミニウム合金製の押し出し形材の摩擦
攪拌接合方法に好適である。 【0002】 【従来の技術】摩擦攪拌接合方法は、接合部に挿入した
丸棒(回転工具という。)を回転させながら接合線に沿
って移動させ、接合部を発熱、軟化させ、塑性流動さ
せ、固相接合する方法である。回転工具は、接合部に挿
入する小径部と、外部に位置する大径部とからなる。小
径部と大径部は同軸である。小径部と大径部との境は接
合部に若干挿入されている。これは特開平9−3091
64号公報(EP0797043A2)に示されてい
る。 【0003】この文献の図9には中空の押し出し形材の
二面の接合を一方の面の側から行うことが示されてい
る。すなわち、前記一方の面の板を突き合わせ、他方の
面側から摩擦攪拌接合をしている。前記板の外面側は平
らに接合される。前記一方の面の板の端部は、厚さ方向
に直交している。また、上記文献の図7には凸部を設け
た部材を接合することによって良好な摩擦攪拌接合する
ことが示されている。 【0004】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記特開平9−309
164号公報(EP0797043A2)の図9のよう
に、長尺の2つの板(押し出し形材)を突き合わせ接合
する場合を考える。接合にあたっては接合部の板を上方
から押さえた状態で、摩擦攪拌接合をする。押さえる装
置は押さえ金具や、回転工具と共に移動するローラであ
る。また、2つの板を所定ピッチで仮止め溶接した後、
ローラで押さえて、摩擦攪拌接合をする。板が長尺材で
ある場合は、板の端部が長手方向に波状に変形している
ことがある。この場合、図7に示すように、突き合わせ
部において、2つの板B1,B2の端部は上下方向に段
差を生じる。この段差は上方から押さえることによって
なくすることができる。 【0005】しかしながら、この段差をなくするには、
押さえ金具のピッチを小さくする必要があり、装置が高
価になる。また、仮止め溶接した後、摩擦攪拌接合する
場合は、仮止め溶接する際に段差がないことが必要であ
り、同様の問題がある。段差が生じた状態で仮止め溶接
すると、この段差はその後は解消できない。 【0006】本発明の目的は、板の突き合わせ接合にお
いて、接合部に段差のない接合を行うことにある。 【0007】 【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的は、 第1の板
の端部と第2の板の端部とを突き合わせ、前記第1の板
の前記端部には前記第2の板の側に突出する凸部があ
り、前記第2の板の前記端部には前記凸部を受け入れる
凹部があり、前記突き合わせたとき、前記凸部が前記凹
部に入っており、次に、前記突き合わせた部分を回転工
具によって摩擦攪拌接合するにあたり、前記板の一方の
面側から回転工具を挿入し、前記凹部の深さの半分の位
置に前記回転工具の軸心を実質的に位置させて摩擦攪拌
接合を行うこと、によって達成できる。 【0008】 【発明の実施の形態】本発明の一実施例を図1から図6
により説明する。図1は図4の突き合わせ接合部の拡大
図である。図2は図1の突き合わせ部の拡大図であり、
押し出し形材の突き合わせ前の突き合わせ部の状態を示
す図であり、図3は突き合わせ後の状態を示している。
図4は図5の要部拡大図、図5は図6の側構体の要部の
縦断面図である。 【0009】車体200は、側面を構成する側構体20
1、屋根を構成する屋根構体202、床を構成する台枠
203、長手方向の端部を構成する妻構体204からな
る。側構体201、屋根構体202、台枠203は、そ
れぞれ複数の押し出し形材を接合して構成している。押
し出し形材の長手方向を車体の長手方向にしている。押
し出し形材はアルミニウム合金製の中空形材である。 【0010】側構体201を構成する摩擦攪拌接合用の
中空形材10、20の構成および接合方法について説明
する。他の箇所、他の構体も同様である。中空形材1
0、20は二枚の面板11、12、21、22とトラス
状に配置した複数のリブ13、23からなる。二枚の面
板11、12(21、22)は実質的に平行である。リ
ブ13、23によるトラスのピッチは同一である。トラ
スはリブ13、23、面板11、12、21、22の板
厚の中心線によって構成される。頂点は面板11、1
2、21、22側にある。 【0011】車内側のトラスの頂点付近には機器を取り
付けるためのレール19、29を一体に設けている。レ
ール19、29はL状の2つの部材からなる。レールは
内装板や椅子等の機器の取り付け座になる。 【0012】車体の外面側に位置する面板12、22の
端部は車内側の面板11、21の端部よりも隣接する中
空形材20、10側に突出している。この突出した面板
を12b、22bと呼ぶ。面板12b、22bの端部同
士を突き合わせて摩擦攪拌接合している。突き合わせ部
の隙間が小さくなるように突き合わせている。面板12
b、22bの板厚は他の部分の面板12、22の板厚よ
りも厚い。 【0013】中空形材10、20は面板12、22を下
方にしてベッド240に載っている。面板11、21側
を上方にしている。上方から回転工具250を突き合わ
せ部に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合をする。車内側から摩擦攪
拌接合すると言える。面板12b、22bの端部には車
内側(すなわち面板11、21側)に突出する凸部1
6、26がある。凸部16、26の幅、および高さは実
質的に同一である。 【0014】車内側の面板11の端部と面板21との端
部との間は接続材30を介して接合している。接続材3
0の端部はトラスの頂点に設けた座27(17)に載っ
ている(重なっている。)。座27(17)は、リブ2
3A(13A)とリブ23B(13B)との交点にあ
る。座27(17)の幅の中央に前記交点がある。つま
り、端部のトラスの頂点は座27(17)の幅の中央部
にある。座27(17)の幅は接続材30の凸部35の
幅と同様である。座27(17)は面板21(11)の
外面よりも凹んでいる。面板21(11)の端部27b
(17b)は接続材30とのアーク溶接用の開先として
傾斜している。 【0015】接続材30は面板11、21の表面があた
かも連続しているようにすることを目的として配置して
いる。このため、座27(17)は面板21(11)の
外面に対して面板21(11)の板厚だけ凹んでいる。
接続材30の両端35を除いた中央は板31であり、そ
の板厚は面板21(11)の板厚と実質的に同一であ
る。 【0016】接続材30の両端には上方に突出する凸部
35がある。凸部の上面にはV字状の溝36がある。溝
36は凸部35の幅の中心にある。凸部35の幅は回転
工具250の大径部252の径よりも大きい。溝36は
回転工具250を導くための位置検出用の対象物とな
る。レーザセンサで溝36を検出し、回転工具250の
軸心が溝36に一致するようにしている。溝36の延長
線上すなわち回転工具250の軸心上に、2つのリブ1
3A(23A)と13B(23B)の交点がある。 【0017】接続材30の幅は二つの中空形材10、2
0の面板11、21の間隔よりも小さい。接続材30は
中空形材10、20と同一材質の押し出し形材である。
接続材30の長さは中空形材10、20の長さと同一で
ある。面板11の端部から面板21の端部までの距離P
(中空形材10の端部のトラスの頂点から中空形材20
の端部のトラスの頂点までの距離)は他の位置のトラス
のピッチPと同一である。中空形材のトラスは、面板1
1、12、21、22側を頂点としたとき、2等辺3角
形である。しかし、中空形材10、20の端部のトラス
は2等辺3角形ではない。 【0018】このため、リブ13A(23A)は面板1
2(22)の途中に接続している。リブ13Aと面板1
2との接続部と、リブ23Aと面板22との接続部との
間には摩擦攪拌接合装置を挿入する空間が生じる。リブ
13A、23Aはリブ13B、23Aに比べて立ってい
る(θ1が小さい)ので、リブ13A、23Aの板厚は
リブ13B、23Aの板厚よりも大きい。リブ13B、
23Bの板厚は他のリブ13の板厚よりも大きい。リブ
13A、13B、13と面板11、12、21、22と
の接続部は円弧状である。また、接続部の厚さは強度の
観点から定めている。 【0019】面板12b、22bの端部、すなわち突き
合わせ部の構成について説明する。面板22bの端部に
は面板12b側に突出する台形状の凸部22cがある。
面板12bの端部の隣接する中空形材の端面12bc
面板22bの凸部22cを受け入れる台形状の凹部12
cがある。凸部22cが凹部12cに入ると、面板12
b、22bの下面(車体の外面)12bc、22bcは
実質的に同一面になる。 【0020】また、面板12b、22bの端面12d、
22dは接触できる。凹部12c、凸部22cを除く面
板12b、22bの端面12d、22dは面板12b、
22bの厚さ方向に実質的に直交している。凹部12c
の高さ、深さは凸部22cのそれよりも大きい。凹部1
2c、凸部22cの上端部は面板12b、22bの上面
(車体の内面)12bb、22bbの延長線上よりも上
方にある。つまり、凹部12c、凸部22cの上端部は
凸部16、26内にある。 【0021】この構造体の製作方法を説明する。中空形
材10、20をベッド40に載せる。次に、面板12
b、22bを突き合わせて、面板22bの端部の凸部2
2cを面板12bの凹部12cに嵌め合わせる。これに
よって、面板12c、22cの下面(車体の外面)は実
質的に同一面になる。一方の中空形材が上下方向に波状
になっている場合は、この中空形材を上方から押さえる
等によって、凸部22cを凹部12cに入れる。中空形
材が上下方向に波状になっている場合は、突き合わせ後
も波状かまたはほぼ直線状になろう。面板12b、22
bの外面は実質的に同一面になる。端面12d、22d
は接触するか近接する。 【0022】次に、この中空形材10、20をベッド4
0に固定する。次に、端面12d、22dの部分を上方
からアーク溶接によって仮止めする。仮止め溶接は間欠
的である。面板12b、22bの突き合わせ部が載るベ
ッド40の上面は平らである。面板12b、22bの突
き合わせ部付近、リブ13A、23Aと面板12b、2
2bとの交点付近、リブ13B、23Bと面板12、2
2との交点付近の三者は同一高さのベッド240に載っ
ている。 【0023】この状態において、摩擦攪拌接合装置の回
転工具250を上方から凸部16、26の突き合わせ部
に挿入した状態で、接合線に沿って移動させ、摩擦攪拌
接合する。回転工具250の軸心は鉛直方向(接合部の
法線に沿った方向)である。ただし、回転工具250の
進行方向に対しては軸心は公知のように傾斜している。 【0024】回転工具250は大径部252とその先端
の小径部251とからなる。小径部251の先端(下
端)は面板12b、22bの下面の近傍に位置してい
る。すなわち、小径部251の下端は凹部12cの下端
よりも下方に位置する。大径部252の下端は凸部1
6、26の頂と面板12b、22bの車内側の面(面板
11、21側の面)との間に位置している。大径部25
2の径は2つの凸部16、26からなる幅よりも小さ
い。小径部251はねじである。小径部251の径は凹
部12cの深さSよりも大きい。これによって突き合わ
せ部の凹凸部12c、22cを小径部251によって攪
拌できる。図3に示すように、端面12dから凹部12
cの深さSの1/2の位置に回転工具250の軸心を位
置させる。摩擦攪拌接合の際、凸部16、26の頂面を
回転工具250とともに移動するローラで下方に押さえ
ている。 【0025】レーザセンサで凸部16、26を検出す
る。これによって凸部16、26の高さ位置を求め、回
転工具250の挿入量を定める。また、2つの凸部1
6、26の突き合わせ部の隙間(端面12d、22dの
間)を求め、この位置に回転工具250の軸心を一致さ
せる。 【0026】この摩擦攪拌接合によって、面板12b、
22bの突き合わせ部の隙間(端面12d、22dの間
の隙間、凹部12cと凸部22cの隙間)は埋められ
て、接合される。隙間を埋める金属の原資は凸部16、
26である。面板12b、22bの外面側(車外側)は
平らに接合される。面板12b、22bの外面側には接
合線の凹部や段差はない。凸部16、26の上面は回転
工具250の大径部252によって凹状になる。凹部の
両側には凸部16、26が残る。 【0027】次に、面板11、21の座17、27に接
続材30を載せる。次に、接続材30の端部を面板1
1、21に対してそれぞれアーク溶接によって仮止めす
る。仮止め溶接は間欠的である。 【0028】次に、面板12b、22bの突き合わせ部
の摩擦攪拌接合に用いた摩擦攪拌接合装置を用いて接続
材30と座17、27との接合を行う。回転工具250
を上方から接続材30と座27を重ねた部分に挿入した
状態で、接合線に沿って移動させ、摩擦攪拌接合する。 【0029】凸部35の幅は回転工具250の大径部2
52の径よりも大きい。凸部35の幅の中心に溝36が
ある。回転工具250の回転軸心を溝36に一致させ
る。回転工具250の小径部251の先端は座17、2
7に深く挿入している。これによって、重ね接合が行わ
れる。大径部252の下端は非凸部の接続材30の上面
と凸部35の頂との間にある。凸部35の上面は回転工
具250の大径部252によって凹状になる。凸部35
の上面は回転工具250の大径部252によって凹状に
なる。凹部の両側には凸部35が残る。 【0030】摩擦攪拌接合装置の前記センサは溝36を
検出して、溝36に沿って回転工具250を移動させ
る。回転工具250の軸心は2つのリブ13A、13B
(23A、23B)によるトラスの頂点またはその近傍
を通る鉛直線上にある。偏芯に対しては、リブ13A、
13B(23A、23B)の板厚の増大、リブと面板と
を接続する円弧の形状、接続部の厚さ、座17、27の
厚さ等によって対応する。接続材30の接合は座17と
の接合を行い、次に座27との接合を行う。2つの回転
工具を用いれば、接続材30の両端の接合を同時にでき
る。 【0031】これによれば、中空形材の両面の接合を片
面側から行うことができる。このため、一方の面を接合
した構造体を反転させる必要がない。したがって、安価
に、また高精度に製作できるものである。 【0032】また、面板12b、22bの接合部の外面
は平らに接合できる。凸部16、26、35は構造体内
や車内側にあり、平滑な面が要求される箇所(外面側、
車外側)にはない。また、車外側には回転工具によって
切削されて生じる凹部もない。このため、凸部の切削等
を不要にでき、車体を安価に製作できるものである。 【0033】また、面板12b、26bの突き合わせ部
は凹部12cと凸部22cとによって嵌め合わせている
ので、2つの面板12b、22bは一体になり、その外
面は実質的に同一面になる。このため、従来のような段
差がないので、摩擦攪拌接合後、外面側を切削すること
が不要になる。また、切削によって面板11b、22b
の板厚が低下することがないので、中空形材を軽量にで
きるものである。もちろん、若干の切削は必要により行
う。 【0034】凸部22cは台形状であるので、凹部12
cに容易に入る。凸部22cは先端の大きさが端面22
d側よりも小さい形状、例えば、三角形状にできる。一
方、凹部12cも同様の目的で、凹部の底が端面12d
側よりも小さい形状、例えば、三角形状にできる。面板
12b、22bの突き合わせ部には凸部16、26があ
るので、凸部22c、凹部12cの隙間を金属で補填で
きる。 【0035】回転工具250の軸心は面板の端面12d
(22d)の位置にすることができる。しかし、凹部1
2cの深さの半分の位置を回転工具250の軸心の目標
位置とすれば、小径部251の径を小さくできる。凸部
16、26によって面板の端部は厚くなっているので、
面板の端部に凹部12c、凸部22cを容易に設置でき
る。このため、凸部16、26を有効に利用できる。 【0036】接続材30を載せる箇所は摩擦撹拌接合時
の荷重に耐える構造、箇所であればよい。例えば、前記
特開平9−309164号公報(EP0797043A
2)の図9のようにできる。 【0037】上記実施例の形材は中空形材であったが、
中空部は必要でない。また、面板16、16b、22、
22bにリブのみあるものでもよい。また、ベッド40
はローラなどの裏当てで代用できる。また、上記によっ
て接合したものは建築物などの構造物の外面(目視でき
る面)に使用できる。 【0038】本発明の技術的範囲は、特許請求の範囲の
各請求項に記載の文言あるいは課題を解決するための手
段の項に記載の文言に限定されず、当業者がそれから容
易に置き換えられる範囲にも及ぶものである。 【0039】 【発明の効果】本発明によれば、形材の板の突き合わせ
部を嵌め合わせた後、摩擦攪拌接合するようにしている
ので、板を段差無しに接合できるものである。また、回
転工具の小径部の径が小さい回転工具を用いて良好に摩
擦攪拌接合できるものである。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of friction stir welding of profiles. For example, the present invention is suitable for a friction stir welding method of an extruded aluminum alloy material used for railway vehicles, buildings, and the like. [0002] In a friction stir welding method, a round bar (referred to as a rotary tool) inserted into a joint is moved along a joining line while rotating, so that the joint is heated, softened, and plastically fluidized. And a method of solid-phase bonding. The rotary tool has a small diameter portion inserted into the joint and a large diameter portion located outside. The small diameter part and the large diameter part are coaxial. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted into the joint. This is disclosed in JP-A-9-3091.
No. 64 (EP0797043A2). FIG. 9 of this document shows that the joining of two surfaces of a hollow extruded profile is performed from one side. That is, the plates on one side are abutted, and friction stir welding is performed from the other side. The outer surface of the plate is joined flat. The end of the plate on the one surface is orthogonal to the thickness direction. FIG. 7 of the above document shows that good friction stir welding is achieved by joining members provided with protrusions. [0004] The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-309 is disclosed.
Consider a case where two long plates (extruded members) are butt-joined as shown in FIG. 9 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 164 (EP0797043A2). In joining, friction stir welding is performed while the plate at the joint is held down from above. The holding device is a holding bracket or a roller that moves together with the rotary tool. Also, after temporarily welding the two plates at a predetermined pitch,
Press with a roller to perform friction stir welding. When the plate is a long material, the ends of the plate may be deformed in a wavy shape in the longitudinal direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, in the abutting portion, the ends of the two plates B1 and B2 have a step in the vertical direction. This step can be eliminated by pressing from above. However, in order to eliminate this step,
It is necessary to reduce the pitch of the holding metal, and the device becomes expensive. Further, in the case of performing friction stir welding after the temporary fixing welding, it is necessary that there is no step at the time of the temporary fixing welding, and there is a similar problem. If temporary welding is performed in a state where a step is formed, the step cannot be eliminated thereafter. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a butt-joining of plates in which a joining portion has no step. The above object is achieved by abutting an end of a first plate with an end of a second plate, and attaching the second plate to the end of the first plate. There is a protrusion protruding on the side of the plate, the end of the second plate has a recess for receiving the protrusion, and when the butts are abutted, the protrusion is in the recess, In friction stir welding the butted portion with a rotary tool , one of the plates
This can be achieved by inserting a rotary tool from the surface side and performing friction stir welding with the axis of the rotary tool substantially positioned at half the depth of the recess. FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 show an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be described below. FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the butt joint of FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a butt portion of FIG.
It is a figure which shows the state of the butting part before butting of an extruded shape material, and FIG. 3 has shown the state after butting.
4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 5, and FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the side structure of FIG. The vehicle body 200 has a side structure 20 forming a side surface.
1, a roof structure 202 constituting a roof, an underframe 203 constituting a floor, and a wife structure 204 constituting an end in a longitudinal direction. The side structure 201, the roof structure 202, and the underframe 203 are each formed by joining a plurality of extruded members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded profile is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded profile is a hollow profile made of an aluminum alloy. The structure and joining method of the hollow sections 10 and 20 for friction stir welding forming the side structure 201 will be described. The same applies to other parts and other structures. Hollow profile 1
Reference numerals 0 and 20 each include two face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22 and a plurality of ribs 13 and 23 arranged in a truss shape. The two face plates 11, 12 (21, 22) are substantially parallel. The pitch of the truss by the ribs 13 and 23 is the same. The truss is constituted by the center line of the thickness of the ribs 13 and 23 and the face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22. The vertices are face plates 11, 1
It is on the 2, 21, 22 side. Rails 19 and 29 for mounting equipment are integrally provided near the top of the truss inside the vehicle. The rails 19 and 29 are composed of two L-shaped members. The rails serve as seats for equipment such as interior boards and chairs. The ends of the face plates 12 and 22 located on the outer surface side of the vehicle body protrude toward the adjacent hollow members 20 and 10 than the ends of the face plates 11 and 21 inside the vehicle. The protruding face plates are called 12b and 22b. The ends of the face plates 12b and 22b are abutted against each other to perform friction stir welding. The butting portions are butted so that the gap is small. Face plate 12
The plate thickness of b and 22b is larger than the plate thickness of the face plates 12 and 22 in the other portions. The hollow sections 10, 20 rest on a bed 240 with the face plates 12, 22 downward. The side of the face plates 11 and 21 faces upward. The rotary tool 250 is inserted into the butted portion from above to perform friction stir welding. It can be said that friction stir welding is performed from the inside of the car. At the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b, a convex portion 1 protruding toward the inside of the vehicle (that is, toward the face plates 11 and 21).
6, 26. The widths and heights of the projections 16 and 26 are substantially the same. An end of the face plate 11 on the inside of the vehicle and an end of the face plate 21 are joined via a connecting member 30. Connection material 3
The zero end rests (overlaps) on a seat 27 (17) provided at the top of the truss. Seat 27 (17) is rib 2
It is at the intersection of 3A (13A) and rib 23B (13B). The intersection is located at the center of the width of the seat 27 (17). That is, the vertex of the end truss is located at the center of the width of the seat 27 (17). The width of the seat 27 (17) is the same as the width of the projection 35 of the connection member 30. The seat 27 (17) is recessed from the outer surface of the face plate 21 (11). End 27b of face plate 21 (11)
(17b) is inclined as a groove for arc welding with the connecting member 30. The connecting members 30 are arranged so that the surfaces of the face plates 11 and 21 are continuous. For this reason, the seat 27 (17) is recessed by the thickness of the face plate 21 (11) with respect to the outer surface of the face plate 21 (11).
The center of the connecting member 30 excluding the both ends 35 is a plate 31 whose thickness is substantially the same as the thickness of the face plate 21 (11). At both ends of the connecting member 30, there are convex portions 35 projecting upward. There is a V-shaped groove 36 on the upper surface of the projection. The groove 36 is located at the center of the width of the projection 35. The width of the convex portion 35 is larger than the diameter of the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The groove 36 is an object for position detection for guiding the rotary tool 250. The groove 36 is detected by the laser sensor so that the axis of the rotary tool 250 coincides with the groove 36. On the extension of the groove 36, that is, on the axis of the rotary tool 250, the two ribs 1
There is an intersection of 3A (23A) and 13B (23B). The width of the connecting member 30 is two hollow members 10, 2
0 is smaller than the interval between the face plates 11 and 21. The connecting member 30 is an extruded member made of the same material as the hollow members 10 and 20.
The length of the connecting member 30 is the same as the length of the hollow members 10 and 20. Distance P from end of face plate 11 to end of face plate 21
(From the top of the truss at the end of the hollow section 10 to the hollow section 20
Is the same as the pitch P of the trusses at other positions. The hollow truss truss is face plate 1
When the vertices are on the 1, 12, 21, and 22 sides, it is an isosceles triangle. However, the trusses at the ends of the hollow members 10, 20 are not isosceles triangles. For this reason, the rib 13A (23A) is
2 (22). Rib 13A and face plate 1
2 and the connection between the rib 23A and the face plate 22 have a space for inserting the friction stir welding apparatus. Since the ribs 13A and 23A stand up (θ1 is smaller) than the ribs 13B and 23A, the thickness of the ribs 13A and 23A is larger than the thickness of the ribs 13B and 23A. Rib 13B,
The plate thickness of 23B is larger than the plate thickness of the other ribs 13. The connection between the ribs 13A, 13B, 13 and the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22 is arc-shaped. Further, the thickness of the connection portion is determined from the viewpoint of strength. The configuration of the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b, that is, the butting portion will be described. At the end of the face plate 22b, there is a trapezoidal protrusion 22c protruding toward the face plate 12b .
The end face 12bc of the hollow member adjacent to the end of the face plate 12b has a trapezoidal concave portion 12 for receiving the convex portion 22c of the face plate 22b.
There is c. When the convex portion 22c enters the concave portion 12c, the face plate 12
The lower surfaces (outer surfaces of the vehicle body) 12bc and 22bc of b and 22b are substantially the same. The end faces 12d of the face plates 12b and 22b,
22d can contact. The end faces 12d and 22d of the face plates 12b and 22b excluding the concave portions 12c and the protruding portions 22c are face plates 12b and
22b is substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction. Recess 12c
Is greater in height and depth than that of the protrusion 22c. Recess 1
2c, the upper end of the convex portion 22c is located above the extension of the upper surface (the inner surface of the vehicle body) 12bb, 22bb of the face plates 12b, 22b. That is, the upper ends of the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c are inside the convex portions 16 and 26. A method for manufacturing this structure will be described. The hollow members 10 and 20 are placed on a bed 40. Next, the face plate 12
b, 22b butted against each other to form a projection 2 at the end of the face plate 22b.
2c is fitted into recess 12c of face plate 12b. As a result, the lower surfaces (outer surfaces of the vehicle body) of the face plates 12c and 22c become substantially the same. If one of the hollow sections is wavy in the vertical direction, the convex section 22c is inserted into the concave section 12c by pressing the hollow section from above. If the hollow profile is wavy in the vertical direction, it will be wavy or nearly straight after the butting. Face plates 12b, 22
The outer surface of b is substantially the same. End faces 12d, 22d
Touch or approach. Next, the hollow members 10 and 20 are
Fix to 0. Next, the end faces 12d and 22d are temporarily fixed by arc welding from above. Temporary welding is intermittent. The upper surface of the bed 40 on which the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 22b are placed is flat. Near the butted portion of the face plates 12b and 22b, the ribs 13A and 23A and the face plates 12b and 2b
2b, near the intersection with the ribs 13B, 23B and the face plates 12, 2
The three persons near the intersection with 2 are on a bed 240 of the same height. In this state, the friction stir welding is performed by moving the rotary tool 250 of the friction stir welding apparatus along the welding line with the rotary tool 250 being inserted from above into the butted portions of the projections 16 and 26. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is in the vertical direction (the direction along the normal line of the joint). However, the axis is inclined in a known manner with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary tool 250. The rotary tool 250 has a large diameter portion 252 and a small diameter portion 251 at the tip thereof. The distal end (lower end) of the small diameter portion 251 is located near the lower surfaces of the face plates 12b and 22b. That is, the lower end of the small diameter portion 251 is located below the lower end of the concave portion 12c. The lower end of the large diameter portion 252 is the convex portion 1
It is located between the tops 6 and 26 and the inner surface of the face plates 12b and 22b (the surface on the side of the face plates 11 and 21). Large diameter part 25
The diameter of 2 is smaller than the width formed by the two convex portions 16 and 26. The small diameter portion 251 is a screw. The diameter of the small diameter portion 251 is larger than the depth S of the concave portion 12c. Thus, the uneven portions 12c and 22c of the butted portion can be stirred by the small diameter portion 251. As shown in FIG.
The axis of the rotary tool 250 is positioned at a position 1 / of the depth S of c. At the time of friction stir welding, the top surfaces of the projections 16 and 26 are held down by rollers that move together with the rotary tool 250. The convex portions 16 and 26 are detected by a laser sensor. Thus, the height positions of the convex portions 16 and 26 are obtained, and the insertion amount of the rotary tool 250 is determined. In addition, two convex portions 1
A gap (between the end faces 12d and 22d) between the butting portions 6 and 26 is obtained, and the axis of the rotary tool 250 is made to coincide with this position. By this friction stir welding, the face plate 12b,
The gap between the butting portions 22b (the gap between the end faces 12d and 22d, the gap between the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c) is filled and joined. The source of the metal that fills the gap is the convex 16,
26. The outer surfaces (outside of the vehicle) of the face plates 12b and 22b are joined flat. There are no concave portions or steps of the joining line on the outer surface side of the face plates 12b and 22b. The upper surfaces of the convex portions 16 and 26 are concave by the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The protrusions 16 and 26 remain on both sides of the recess. Next, the connecting member 30 is placed on the seats 17 and 27 of the face plates 11 and 21. Next, the end of the connection member 30 is attached to the face plate 1.
1 and 21 are temporarily fixed by arc welding. Temporary welding is intermittent. Next, the connection member 30 and the seats 17 and 27 are joined using the friction stir welding apparatus used for friction stir welding of the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 22b. Rotary tool 250
Is moved along the joining line in a state where the connecting member 30 and the seat 27 are inserted from above into the overlapped portion, and friction stir welding is performed. The width of the convex portion 35 is the large diameter portion 2 of the rotary tool 250.
52 is larger than the diameter. A groove 36 is provided at the center of the width of the protrusion 35. The rotation axis of the rotary tool 250 is aligned with the groove 36. The tip of the small diameter portion 251 of the rotary tool 250 is
7 deeply inserted. Thereby, lap joining is performed. The lower end of the large diameter portion 252 is located between the upper surface of the non-convex connecting member 30 and the top of the convex portion 35. The upper surface of the convex portion 35 is concave by the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. Convex part 35
Is concave due to the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The convex portions 35 remain on both sides of the concave portions. The sensor of the friction stir welding apparatus detects the groove 36 and moves the rotary tool 250 along the groove 36. The axis of the rotary tool 250 has two ribs 13A and 13B.
(23A, 23B) on a vertical line passing at or near the vertex of the truss. For eccentricity, rib 13A,
13B (23A, 23B), the shape of the arc connecting the rib and the face plate, the thickness of the connection portion, the thickness of the seats 17, 27, and the like correspond. The joining of the connecting member 30 is performed by joining with the seat 17 and then with the seat 27. If two rotating tools are used, both ends of the connecting member 30 can be joined at the same time. According to this, the joining of both sides of the hollow profile can be performed from one side. For this reason, there is no need to invert the structure in which one surface is joined. Therefore, it can be manufactured at low cost and with high precision. The outer surface of the joint between the face plates 12b and 22b can be joined flat. The convex portions 16, 26, and 35 are located inside the structure or inside the vehicle, and are required to have a smooth surface (the outer surface side,
Outside). In addition, there is no concave portion formed by cutting with the rotary tool on the outside of the vehicle. For this reason, the cutting of the convex portion can be made unnecessary, and the vehicle body can be manufactured at low cost. Since the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 26b are fitted by the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c, the two face plates 12b and 22b are integrated and the outer surfaces thereof are substantially the same. For this reason, since there is no step as in the related art, it is not necessary to cut the outer surface after the friction stir welding. Also, the face plates 11b and 22b are cut by cutting.
The thickness of the hollow profile can be reduced because the thickness of the hollow profile does not decrease. Of course, some cutting is performed as needed. Since the convex portion 22c has a trapezoidal shape, the concave portion 12c
Enter c easily. The size of the tip of the convex part 22c is the end face 22.
The shape can be smaller than the d-side, for example, triangular. On the other hand, the concave portion 12c has the same purpose, and the bottom of the concave portion is the end surface 12d.
The shape can be smaller than the side, for example, triangular. Since the abutting portions of the face plates 12b and 22b have the convex portions 16 and 26, the gap between the convex portion 22c and the concave portion 12c can be filled with metal. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is the end face 12d of the face plate.
(22d). However, recess 1
If the position at half the depth of 2c is the target position of the axis of the rotary tool 250, the diameter of the small diameter portion 251 can be reduced. Since the end portions of the face plate are thickened by the convex portions 16 and 26,
The concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c can be easily installed at the end of the face plate. For this reason, the convex portions 16 and 26 can be used effectively. The connection member 30 may be placed on any structure and location that can withstand the load during friction stir welding. For example, JP-A-9-309164 (EP0797043A)
As shown in FIG. 9 of 2). Although the profile in the above embodiment was a hollow profile,
No hollow is necessary. In addition, face plates 16, 16b, 22,
22b may have only ribs. Bed 40
Can be replaced with a backing such as a roller. Moreover, what was joined by the above can be used for the outer surface (visible surface) of a structure such as a building. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the language described in each claim of the claims or the language described in the section of the means for solving the problems, and is easily replaced by those skilled in the art. It extends to a range. According to the present invention, since the friction stir welding is performed after the butt portions of the shaped plates are fitted together, the plates can be joined without any step. Also, times
Using a rotary tool with a small diameter at the small diameter part of the rotary tool
It can be rub-stirred and joined.

【図面の簡単な説明】 【図1】本発明の一実施例の突き合わせ接合部の縦断面
図。 【図2】図1の突き合わせ接合部の突き合わせ前の縦断
面図。 【図3】図1の突き合わせ接合部の突き合わせ後の縦断
面図。 【図4】本発明の一実施例の中空形材の接合部の中空形
材の縦断面図。 【図5】本発明一実施例の一組の中空形材の縦断面図。 【図6】鉄道車両の車体の斜視図。 【図7】従来の突き合わせ部の縦断面図。 【符号の説明】 10、20 中空形材 12、12b、22、22b 面板 12c、16、22c、26 凹部 12bc、22bc 外面 30 接続材 40 ベッド 201 側構体 202 屋根構体 203 台枠 250 回転工具
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a butt joint according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the butt joint portion of FIG. 1 before butting; FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view after a butt joint of FIG. 1 has been butted; FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hollow section at a joint of the hollow sections according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pair of hollow profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional butting portion. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 20 Hollow profiles 12, 12b, 22, 22b Face plates 12c, 16, 22c, 26 Recesses 12bc, 22bc Outer surface 30 Connecting material 40 Bed 201 Side structure 202 Roof structure 203 Underframe 250 Rotary tool

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 稲 佳彦 山口県下松市大字東豊井794番地 株式 会社 日立製作所 笠戸事業所内 (72)発明者 松永 徹也 山口県下松市大字東豊井794番地 株式 会社 日立製作所 笠戸事業所内 (56)参考文献 特開 平11−267859(JP,A) 特開 平11−28583(JP,A) 特開 平11−90654(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) B23K 20/12 Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiko Ina 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Oji, Kudamatsu-shi, Yamaguchi Pref.Hitachi, Ltd.Kasato Works, Hitachi, Ltd. In-house (56) References JP-A-11-267859 (JP, A) JP-A-11-28583 (JP, A) JP-A-11-90654 (JP, A) (58) Fields studied (Int. . 7, DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 第1の板の端部と第2の板の端部とを突
き合わせ、 前記第1の板の前記端部には前記第2の板の側に突出す
る凸部があり、 前記第2の板の前記端部には前記凸部を受け入れる凹部
があり、 前記突き合わせたとき、前記凸部が前記凹部に入ってお
り、 次に、前記突き合わせた部分を回転工具によって摩擦攪
拌接合するにあたり、前記板の一方の面側から回転工具
を挿入し、前記凹部の深さの半分の位置に前記回転工具
の軸心を実質的に位置させて摩擦攪拌接合を行うこと、 を特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。
(57) Claims 1. The end of the first plate and the end of the second plate are abutted, and the end of the first plate is in contact with the end of the second plate. There is a protrusion projecting to the side, the end of the second plate has a recess for receiving the protrusion, and when the butts are butted, the protrusions are in the recesses. and the Upon friction stir welding by the rotary tool portion, the rotary tool from one face side of the plate
And performing friction stir welding by substantially positioning the axis of the rotary tool at a position half the depth of the concave portion.
JP2000055192A 2000-03-01 2000-03-01 Friction stir welding method Expired - Lifetime JP3459218B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Related Parent Applications (1)

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JP33285599A Division JP3459210B2 (en) 1999-11-24 1999-11-24 Friction stir welding method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4271953B2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2009-06-03 昭和電工株式会社 Manufacturing method of joint and friction stir welding apparatus
JP4484539B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2010-06-16 川崎重工業株式会社 Railcar side structure
JP4607207B2 (en) * 2008-05-19 2011-01-05 株式会社日立製作所 Friction stir welding method
JP4607206B2 (en) * 2008-05-19 2011-01-05 株式会社日立製作所 Friction stir welding shape and friction stir welding structure

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