JP3452803B2 - Granulated material made from soil - Google Patents

Granulated material made from soil

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Publication number
JP3452803B2
JP3452803B2 JP22682098A JP22682098A JP3452803B2 JP 3452803 B2 JP3452803 B2 JP 3452803B2 JP 22682098 A JP22682098 A JP 22682098A JP 22682098 A JP22682098 A JP 22682098A JP 3452803 B2 JP3452803 B2 JP 3452803B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
soil
parts
weight
granulated
water
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JP2000053962A (en
Inventor
良和 藤
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良和 藤
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/021Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、自然界に存在する
土壌を原料として生産される粒状化物、特に、土壌の特
質を喪失せずに具備しながらも、土壌のように泥土化せ
ず、また耐荷重性にも優れて、例えば地表面に敷設する
ことにより快適な歩行性を実現することのできる粒状化
物に関し、土壌含有混合物の技術分野に属する。 【0002】 【従来の技術】例えば昨今の都市開発型マンションにあ
っては、敷地内の空間を造園してここに集会場や子供の
遊び場あるいは趣味やレジャーのためのコミュニティ広
場等を配置することがよく行なわれている。また、個人
的レベルにおいても、戸建住宅の庭やマンション一階住
居の専用庭あるいはベランダを利用しての所謂ガーデニ
ングが流行しつつあり、それとともに自然の土壌と接す
る機会が増えている。 【0003】土壌のままの地表面は、もちろんそれ自
身、周囲の自然環境と調和し、またぬくもりのある心地
よい質感や歩行性を実現させるものであるが、アスファ
ルト舗装やコンクリート舗装との比較でいえば、さらに
透水性や保水性に優れ、且つ照り返しが少ないという特
質がある。しかし、一方では、例えば雨の降ったあとや
散水したあと等には泥土化し、地表面がぬかるんで歩行
が困難となったり、あるいは、地表面がゆるくなって土
壌が流されてしまったりするという不具合もある。 【0004】特開平6−257103号公報、特開平7
−138905号公報、特開平8−128002号公報
には、種々のアスファルト舗装やコンクリート舗装の改
善技術が開示されており、施工現場から発生する排土を
再生使用することや、重荷重に耐え得る透水性の舗装構
造あるいは高強度のコンクリート舗装構造等が提案され
ている。 【0005】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、土壌を
原料として生産することができ、土壌のもつ特質をその
まま生かしつつも、土壌のように泥土化せず、また耐荷
重性にも優れる粒状化物を提供することについての技術
の提案は見当たらない。 【0006】そのような粒状化物が提供されれば、ま
ず、環境破壊を避けることができる。すなわち、土壌を
原料として生産できるから、例えば廃棄残土等を再生利
用することができ、改めて自然界から原料を採取してく
る必要がなくなる。また、土壌と同じ扱いをすることが
でき、使用時にも廃棄時にも安全で環境汚染等を引き起
こさない。 【0007】次に、土壌の特質が失われずそのまま生か
されるから、自然とマッチした心地よい質感や歩行性、
さらには優れた透水性や保水性が実現し、且つ一般のコ
ンクリート舗装等と比べて照り返しが少なくなる。 【0008】また、土壌のように泥土化しないから、雨
水等によってぬかるんだりゆるんだりすることがなく、
常に快適な歩行性が維持され、また流出したりすること
がない。 【0009】さらに、耐荷重性に優れるから、庭園内等
の人の歩かない場所だけでなく、遊歩道等、人の歩く場
所、ないしは車両等が通行するような場所にも使用でき
る。 【0010】そして、粒状化物であるから、取扱いが容
易となる。例えば、敷設時には、これを地表面にそのま
ま単独で、あるいは土壌や砂利等の他の物とまぜて、撒
いたり敷き詰めたりするだけでよく、特別の設備や技術
は必要がない。したがって、大規模な公園等の公共施設
だけでなく、一般住宅の庭や通路の整備、補修等、個人
的な使用にも提供できる。また、運搬性や保管性に優
れ、容易に流通でき、小売店等で商品として一般販売す
ることが可能となる。またその場合にも、袋売り、量り
売り等、いろいろな形態での販売ができる。 【0011】用途の面では、以上のような特徴を生かし
て、造園一般、庭園、公園、広場の整備、ガーデニング
等に好適に使用し得る他、屋内屋外を問わず鑑賞用、装
飾用のフラワーポットやプランター等、様々な分野で広
範囲に使用できる。また、保水性と耐荷重性とに優れる
から、水分が滲み出て流動化した掘削土を埋め戻す際に
該掘削土に混ぜ合わせて地盤を強固にする土壌改良材と
しての使用も可能となる。 【0012】本発明者は、土壌を原料とし、上記のよう
な特徴を有する粒状化物の開発に鋭意研究を重ねた結
果、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。 【0013】 【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、本発明は、
00重量部の土壌にセメントを3〜20重量部、及び
高炉水砕スラグを1〜2重量部混合したのち、100重
量部の水にアンモニウム塩類又はナトリウム塩類の少な
くともいずれかを1〜3重量部、カリウム塩類を1〜4
重量部、鉄化合物を3〜10重量部、硝酸カルシウム又
は塩化カルシウムを70〜150重量部及びマグネシ
ウム塩類を3〜7重量部添加してなる溶液を上記混合物
0.2〜0.7重量部添加して練り合わせ、これを粒
状化したのち乾燥させてなる粒状化物である。 【0014】このように、本発明においては、種々の無
機化合物が添加されて多くのアルカリイオンや金属イオ
ンを含有するように調整されたイオンリッチな溶液(以
下「触媒溶液」という。)が、土壌、セメント、高炉水
砕スラグと共に配合される。本発明者は、上記触媒溶液
を土壌、セメント、高炉水砕スラグと混合して養生する
と、結合力が高く緻密で強固、且つ水で分散、再泥土化
しない構造体が得られることを見出した。 【0015】これは、触媒溶液中に存在する多量のイオ
ンによって電子濃度が高くなり、ケイ酸カルシウムやシ
リカ等の無機成分のイオン化反応が活性化され、このよ
うな触媒的な作用の結果として、土壌、セメント、高炉
水砕スラグ同士の凝結、硬化が促進されると共に、さら
に、その場合に、凝結、硬化の支障となる水酸基やカル
ボン酸基を有するイオン化速度の低い有機化合物が活性
化した無機イオン間の速やかな結合反応に関与する確率
が低減されて、これらの相乗効果により、無機成分間の
結合力が大きくなるものと考えられる。 【0016】ここで、この触媒溶液の調整に用いられる
アンモニウム塩類としては、例えば、塩化アンモニウム
等が使用でき、これらの一又は二以上を併用してもよ
い。 【0017】また、ナトリウム塩類としては、例えば、
塩化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、硝酸ナトリウム等が
使用でき、これらの一又は二以上を併用してもよい。 【0018】さらに、カリウム塩類としては、例えば、
炭酸カリウム、塩化カリウム、硝酸カリウム、硫酸カリ
ウム等が使用でき、これらの一又は二以上を併用しても
よい。 【0019】一方、鉄化合物としては、例えば、硫酸鉄
等の+2価の鉄化合物等が使用でき、これらの一又は二
以上を併用してもよい。 【0020】そして、マグネシウム塩類としては、例え
ば、塩化マグネシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグ
ネシウム等が使用でき、これらの一又は二以上を併用し
てもよい。 【0021】この触媒溶液の調整方法の一例を説明する
と、まず、カルキ分(塩素分)を除去した水100重量
部に、1〜3重量部のアンモニウム塩類又はナトリウム
塩類の少なくともいずれかと、1〜4重量部のカリウム
塩類とを、例えばこれらを予め混合しておく等して同時
に水に添加するようにする。同時に添加することによ
り、これらの成分のイオン化が促進されて、溶液調整が
容易となるからである。 【0022】また、これらの添加後は、約12〜18分
間撹拌すると共に、水温を3〜10℃に保つようにす
る。水温をこの温度範囲に保つことによって、調整され
た触媒溶液の触媒作用が常に安定的に得られるようにな
る。 【0023】そして、これに3〜10重量部の鉄化合物
を添加し、約12〜18分間撹拌する。この鉄化合物を
水に添加するときも、上記と同様の理由により、水温を
3〜10℃に保つようにする。 【0024】次に、70〜150重量部の硝酸カルシウ
ム又は塩化カルシウムを添加し、約25〜35分間撹拌
する。 【0025】このとき、硝酸カルシウム又は塩化カルシ
ウムに代えて、リン酸カルシウム又はケイ酸カルシウム
等の他のカルシウム塩類を使用してもよい。 【0026】そして、得られた溶液をさらに10〜15
時間放置すると共に、水温を15〜20℃、好ましくは
17〜18℃に冷却し、然る後、3〜7重量部のマグネ
シウム塩類を添加することにより、本発明で使用する触
媒溶液が最終的に得られることになる。 【0027】本発明の粒状化物の製法としては、まず土
壌にセメントと高炉水砕スラグとを混合しておき、これ
に上記組成の触媒溶液を添加して練り合わせ、湿潤状態
の混合物を得る。このときの各配合成分の混合比率は、
土壌100重量部、セメント3〜20重量部、高炉水砕
スラグ1〜2重量部、及び上記組成の触媒溶液0.2〜
0.7重量部であり、特に、養生後の乾燥粒状化物中に
おける土壌成分の含有率を90%以上と極めて高くする
こともできる。 【0028】そして、この湿潤混合物を例えばテーブル
ミキサー等を用いて撹拌、粉砕することにより粒状化
し、そののち乾燥、養生させる。その場合に、粒状化作
業は、湿潤混合物が湿潤状態である間に行なうことが好
ましい。乾燥するに伴って、混合物の固化が進み、所望
の形状、大きさに粒状化させることが困難となるからで
ある。 【0029】このようにして得られた粒状化物は、土壌
成分の含有率が高く、自然土の質感が残存されて快適な
歩行性が確保される。また、土壌成分特有の微細孔構造
によって良好な透水性や保水性がそのまま維持され、な
いしは照り返しが少なく、良好な熱吸収性がそのまま生
かされる。そして、このように土壌成分の含有率が高い
状態で、該土壌成分に相対的に僅かな配合量のセメント
や高炉水砕スラグ成分が触媒溶液の働きにより強固に固
化反応して緻密な結合構造体となり、地表面としての使
用に耐え得る十分な耐荷重性と、雨水等で再泥土化しな
い性質とが実現される。 【0030】その場合に、触媒溶液は、土壌、セメン
ト、高炉水砕スラグの混合物に対して原液のまま添加す
るのではなく、予め水で希釈してから添加すると、より
好適な湿潤混合物ないし乾燥粒状化物が得られる。特
に、上記組成の触媒溶液の場合では、希釈倍率は7〜1
5倍が好ましく、また、該触媒溶液の添加後の湿潤混合
物中における土壌の含有率が70〜80%となるような
量の水で希釈することが好ましい。 【0031】このようにして得られた粒状化物は、自然
の土壌を原料とするため、これを生産するために環境破
壊を招来することがない。そして、これを地表面に、単
独であるいは土壌等と共に撒いたり、又は単独であるい
は玉砂利等と共に敷き詰めたりするだけで敷設すること
ができて、特別の施工法や施工設備を必要としない。し
たがって、一般消費者等でも容易に取扱いが可能で、個
人住宅やマンションの専用部分あるいは共用部分の造
園、補修、ガーデニング等に好適に使用できる。その結
果、ぬくもりのある質感がそのまま残存し、透水性や保
水性に優れ、照り返しが少ないという土壌の特質が生か
され、且つ、雨や散水等で細かに分散、泥土化、ぬかる
み、流出することのない快適な地表面が実現する。 【0032】また、養生後の乾燥物品であるから、袋詰
包装等することができ、運搬性や保管性に優れ、容易に
流通させて、小売店で普通に販売することが可能とな
る。もちろん、袋詰販売に代えて計量販売することも可
能である。 【0033】本発明に係る粒状化物は、公園や庭園、あ
るいはその遊歩道ないし散策道路、屋外スポーツ施設の
フロア、屋内外のパーキングスペース等、広範囲に利用
可能である。また、屋内外の装飾用のフラワーポットや
プランタ等にも好適に使用し得る。さらには、本発明に
係る粒状化物は、吸水性、保水性に優れ、且つ、耐荷重
性に優れて容易に変形しないから、いったん掘り起こし
た掘削土を再び埋め戻す際に混合させることもできる。
いったん掘り起こした掘削土は、水分が滲み出て流動化
する傾向が大きく、そのまま埋め戻したのでは、地盤に
へこみが生じたりするのであるが、本発明に係る粒状化
物を混合することにより、その水分を吸水し、地盤が緻
密化ないし強化される。本発明に係る粒状化物は、この
ような土壌改良材としての使用も可能である。 【0034】なお、本発明に係る粒状化物の径は、用途
にもよるが、一般に、1mm〜30mm程度が標準であ
る。また、屋外で風雨にさらされる条件下では粗い径の
ものを用いる方が好ましいが、室内でフラワーポットや
プランタ等に充填して使用する場合は細かくてもよい。
また、玉砂利等と共に庭に敷くような場合は、玉砂利と
同じ大きさに揃えた方が見栄えの点でよい。もちろん、
これらに限定されることなく、要望される機能や用途等
によって、触媒溶液の組成、あるいは、各配合成分の混
合比率、粒状化物の径を適宜変更することができること
はいうまでもない。この場合、一般に、例えばテーブル
ミキサーの撹拌速度を上げたり撹拌時間を長くすると、
小さい径のものが多く得られる。また、テーブルミキサ
ーで撹拌、粉砕しただけでは、形状を揃えることができ
ない場合は、湿潤状態の間にその形状を揃えたり、ある
いはより球形又は紡錘形等の所望の形状に成形してもよ
い。さらに、粒状化物に着色あるいは模様を施すために
顔料を配合してもよい。 【0035】 【実施例】以下、実施例を通じて本発明をさらに詳しく
説明する。 【0036】触媒溶液の調整 123kgの工業用水に12gのチオ硫酸ナトリウムを
加えて10分間撹拌し、水中のカルキ分を除去した。次
に、水温を約7℃に保ちながら、1.7kgの塩化アン
モニウムと2.9kgの炭酸カリウムとを同時に加え、
15分間撹拌したのち、同じく水温を約7℃に保ちつ
つ、硫酸鉄を5.6kg添加してさらに15分間撹拌し
た。さらに、この溶液に塩化カルシウム130kgを加
えて30分間撹拌した後、12時間室温で放置し、水温
がおよそ17〜18℃になったところで、6.1kgの
塩化マグネシウムを添加して触媒溶液を得た。 【0037】粒状化物の作成 上記触媒溶液を配合して粒状化物の作成を行なった。す
なわち、土壌、普通ポルトランドセメント、高炉水砕ス
ラグの混合物に、上記触媒溶液を添加して練り合わせ、
湿潤混合物を得た。次いで、これをテーブルミキサーを
用いて、約5分間撹拌、粉砕することにより、平均径約
15mmのほぼ球形の粒状化物が得られ、これを、3日
間自然乾燥で養生させることにより、土壌成分85.6
9%(重量%、以下同じ)、セメント成分10.8%、
スラグ成分1.7%、触媒溶液成分0.51%、水分
1.3%の含有率を有する本発明に係る粒状化物を作成
した。 【0038】粒状化物の非泥土化試験 1リットルの水道水をビーカーに採り、ここに上記粒状
化物を300g投入して5分間撹拌したのち放置し、粒
状化物の状態や水の濁りぐあい等を目視で観察した。粒
状化物は形が崩れることなく、すぐ沈降し、ビーカーの
底に蓄積した。上澄み液は着色することなく、良好な透
明性を維持していた。3分間放置後、再び5分間撹拌
し、再度の目視観察を行なうことを20回繰り返したと
ころ、結果は同じであった。また、一夜間そのまま放置
して上記と同じ試験を行なったところ、結果は同じで、
粒状化物の分散や泥土化は見られなかった。 【0039】粒状化物の圧縮強度試験 上記粒状化物から、直径約5mm、長さ約8mmの円柱
状供試体を切り出し、この供試体の両端面を石膏混入セ
メントペーストでキャッピングした後、定速型万能試験
機(使用レンジ:10kN、載荷速度:0.5mm/
分)を用いて一軸漸増圧縮荷重を加えて最大荷重を求
め、数1に示す式に従って圧縮強度を算出した。結果を
表1に示す。 【0040】 【数1】 【0041】 【表1】土壌成分が約85%の本供試体における圧縮強度は平均
で11.5N/mm2(117kgf/cm2)であり、
一般歩行者道路はもとより、車両交通道路にも適用し得
る耐荷重性を有し、遊歩道等に敷設する場合であれば、
セメント成分をさらに3〜5%程度に低減することがで
きる。 【0042】粒状化物の透水試験 上記粒状化物から、表2に示す寸法の円柱状供試体を作
成し、JIS A 1218、JSF T 311に準
じ、内径10.00cm、長さ12.73cmの透水円
筒を用いて水道水による透水試験を行ない、22℃及び
15℃における透水係数をそれぞれ数2、数3に示す式
に従って算出した。表3に各透水係数を示したように、
本発明で得られた粒状化物は良好な透水性を有する。 【0043】 【表2】 【0044】 【数2】 【0045】 【数3】 【0046】 【表3】なお、以上の実施例では、湿潤状態の粒状化物を自然乾
燥で養生するようにしたが、これに代えて、オートクレ
ーブを用いてより短期間に促進養生するようにしてもよ
い。 【0047】 【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の粒状化物
は、自然土壌を主原料として生産できるから環境破壊を
抑制し、また粒状化物であるから敷設が簡単で、しかも
土壌の特質を具備しているから、周辺の自然や緑とよく
調和し、且つ透水性、保水性及び熱吸収性に優れる。さ
らに、泥土化せず、耐荷重性にも優れるから、快適な地
表面の提供に使用できる。本発明の粒状化物は、流通性
にも優れ、種々の形態で販売できて、規模の如何を問わ
ず、庭園、公園、広場、ガーデニング、土壌改良材等に
好適に使用し得る。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a granulated product produced from a naturally occurring soil as a raw material, and in particular, to a granulated product without losing the characteristics of the soil. The present invention relates to a granulated material which does not become muddy like soil and has excellent load-bearing properties, and which can realize a comfortable walking property by being laid on the ground surface, for example, and belongs to the technical field of a soil-containing mixture. 2. Description of the Related Art For example, in recent urban development type condominiums, a landscaping site is landscaping and a meeting place, a children's playground, a community plaza for hobbies and leisure are arranged here. Is often done. Also at the individual level, so-called gardening using a garden of a detached house, a private garden of a first-floor residence of a condominium or a veranda is becoming popular, and at the same time, opportunities to come into contact with natural soil are increasing. [0003] The ground surface as it is, of course, itself is in harmony with the surrounding natural environment, and realizes a warm and comfortable texture and walkability, but it can be said that it is compared with asphalt pavement and concrete pavement. If they have such properties, they have further excellent water permeability and water retention, and have little reflection. However, on the other hand, for example, after raining or sprinkling, muddy soil is formed and the ground surface becomes muddy, making it difficult to walk, or the ground surface becomes loose and the soil is washed away. There are some defects. [0004] JP-A-6-257103, JP-A-7-257103
JP-138905 and JP-A-8-128002 disclose various techniques for improving asphalt pavement and concrete pavement, and are capable of reusing earth removal generated from a construction site and withstanding heavy loads. A permeable pavement structure or a high-strength concrete pavement structure has been proposed. [0005] However, it can be produced using soil as a raw material, and while keeping the characteristics of soil as it is, does not become muddy like soil and has excellent load-bearing capacity. No technical proposals for providing granules are found. [0006] If such a granulated material is provided, first, environmental destruction can be avoided. That is, since soil can be produced as a raw material, for example, waste soil and the like can be recycled, and there is no need to collect raw material from nature again. In addition, it can be treated in the same way as soil, is safe at the time of use and disposal, and does not cause environmental pollution. [0007] Next, since the characteristics of the soil are not lost and can be used as they are, the comfortable texture and walking characteristics that match the nature,
Furthermore, excellent water permeability and water retention are realized, and the reflection is reduced as compared with general concrete pavement and the like. In addition, since it does not become mud like soil, it is not muddy or loose by rainwater or the like.
Comfortable walking characteristics are always maintained, and there is no outflow. Furthermore, since it is excellent in load resistance, it can be used not only in places where people do not walk, such as in gardens, but also in places where people walk, such as promenades, or places where vehicles and the like pass. [0010] Since it is a granulated material, handling is easy. For example, at the time of laying, it is only necessary to sprinkle or lay it on the ground surface alone or by mixing it with other objects such as soil and gravel, and no special equipment or technology is required. Therefore, it can be provided not only for public facilities such as large-scale parks, but also for personal use such as maintenance and repair of gardens and passageways of ordinary houses. In addition, it has excellent transportability and storage properties, can be easily distributed, and can be generally sold as a product at retail stores and the like. Also in this case, it can be sold in various forms, such as bag sales and weigh sales. [0011] In terms of applications, the above characteristics can be utilized to make it suitable for general landscaping, gardens, parks, plaza maintenance, gardening, etc., as well as for ornamental and decorative flowers whether indoors or outdoors. It can be used widely in various fields such as pots and planters. Also, since it is excellent in water retention and load resistance, it can be used as a soil improvement material to strengthen the ground by mixing with the excavated soil when backfilling fluidized excavated soil where water has oozed out. . The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the development of a granulated product having the above characteristics using soil as a raw material, and as a result, have completed the present invention. [0013] Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention is 1
00 soil parts, 3 to 20 parts by weight of cement, and then with a water-granulated blast furnace slag were mixed 1-2 parts by weight, 100-fold
1 to 3 parts by weight of at least one of an ammonium salt and a sodium salt and 1 to 4 parts by weight of a potassium salt
A solution obtained by adding 3 to 10 parts by weight of an iron compound , 70 to 150 parts by weight of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, and 3 to 7 parts by weight of magnesium salts was added to the above mixture by 0.2 parts by weight. It is a granulated product obtained by adding -0.7 parts by weight, kneading, granulating, and drying. As described above, in the present invention, an ion-rich solution (hereinafter, referred to as "catalyst solution") prepared by adding various inorganic compounds to contain many alkali ions and metal ions is prepared. Formulated with soil, cement and granulated blast furnace slag. The present inventor has found that when the catalyst solution is mixed with soil, cement, and granulated blast furnace slag and cured, a structure having a high bonding strength, dense and strong, and dispersed in water, which does not re-soil can be obtained. . [0015] This is because a large amount of ions present in the catalyst solution increases the electron concentration and activates the ionization reaction of inorganic components such as calcium silicate and silica. As a result of such catalytic action, Coagulation and hardening of soil, cement and granulated blast furnace slag are promoted, and in this case, an inorganic compound activated by a low ionization rate organic compound having a hydroxyl group or a carboxylic acid group that hinders coagulation and hardening. It is considered that the probability of participating in a rapid bonding reaction between ions is reduced, and the synergistic effect of these ions increases the bonding force between inorganic components. Here, as the ammonium salts used for preparing the catalyst solution, for example, ammonium chloride or the like can be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Further, as the sodium salts, for example,
Sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate and the like can be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Further, as the potassium salts, for example,
Potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and the like can be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination. On the other hand, as the iron compound, for example, + divalent iron compounds such as iron sulfate and the like can be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination. As the magnesium salts, for example, magnesium chloride, magnesium silicate, magnesium sulfate and the like can be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination. An example of a method for preparing the catalyst solution is as follows. First, 100 parts by weight of water from which calcium (chlorine) has been removed is mixed with 1 to 3 parts by weight of at least one of an ammonium salt and a sodium salt. 4 parts by weight of potassium salts are simultaneously added to water, for example, by premixing them. This is because simultaneous addition promotes ionization of these components and facilitates solution adjustment. After the addition, the mixture is stirred for about 12 to 18 minutes and the water temperature is kept at 3 to 10 ° C. By keeping the water temperature within this temperature range, the catalysis of the adjusted catalyst solution can always be stably obtained. Then, 3 to 10 parts by weight of an iron compound is added thereto, and the mixture is stirred for about 12 to 18 minutes. When the iron compound is added to water, the water temperature is kept at 3 to 10 ° C. for the same reason as described above. Next, 70 to 150 parts by weight of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride is added and stirred for about 25 to 35 minutes. At this time, other calcium salts such as calcium phosphate or calcium silicate may be used instead of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride. Then, the obtained solution is further added to 10 to 15
While allowing the mixture to stand for a period of time and cooling the water temperature to 15 to 20 ° C, preferably 17 to 18 ° C, and then adding 3 to 7 parts by weight of magnesium salts, the catalyst solution used in the present invention is finally prepared. Will be obtained. As a method for producing the granulated product of the present invention, first, cement and granulated blast furnace slag are mixed in soil, and a catalyst solution having the above composition is added thereto and kneaded to obtain a wet mixture. At this time, the mixing ratio of each component is
100 parts by weight of soil, 3 to 20 parts by weight of cement, 1-2 parts by weight of granulated blast furnace slag, and 0.2 to 0.2 parts of a catalyst solution having the above composition
0.7 parts by weight , and in particular, the content of the soil component in the dried granulated material after curing can be as high as 90% or more. Then, the wet mixture is granulated by stirring and pulverizing using, for example, a table mixer or the like, and then dried and cured. In that case, the granulation operation is preferably performed while the wet mixture is in a wet state. This is because the solidification of the mixture proceeds with drying, and it is difficult to granulate the mixture into a desired shape and size. The granulated material thus obtained has a high content of soil components, and the texture of natural soil remains, so that comfortable walking property is secured. In addition, good water permeability and water retention are maintained as they are due to the fine pore structure specific to the soil component, or there is little reflection and good heat absorption is utilized as it is. In such a state where the content of the soil component is high, a relatively small amount of cement or granulated blast furnace slag component relative to the soil component is solidified by the action of the catalyst solution to form a dense bonding structure. As a result, a sufficient load-bearing property that can withstand use as a ground surface and a property of not being re-soiled by rainwater or the like are realized. In this case, the catalyst solution is not added to the mixture of soil, cement, and granulated blast furnace slag as a stock solution, but rather diluted with water before addition to obtain a more suitable wet mixture or dry mixture. A granulate is obtained. In particular, in the case of the catalyst solution having the above composition, the dilution ratio is 7-1.
It is preferably 5 times, and preferably diluted with water in such an amount that the soil content in the wet mixture after the addition of the catalyst solution is 70 to 80%. The granulated material thus obtained uses natural soil as a raw material, and therefore does not cause environmental destruction to produce the granulated material. Then, it can be laid on the ground surface alone or with the soil, or can be laid alone or with the gravel or the like, and no special construction method or construction equipment is required. Therefore, it can be easily handled by ordinary consumers and the like, and can be suitably used for landscaping, repair, gardening, etc. of a dedicated portion or a common portion of a private house or condominium. As a result, the warmth of the texture remains as it is, and the characteristics of the soil, which is excellent in water permeability and water retention and has little reflection, are utilized, and are finely dispersed, muddy, muddy, and spilled due to rain or water sprinkling. A comfortable and comfortable ground surface is realized. Further, since the cured product is a cured product after curing, it can be packaged in a bag or the like, has excellent transportability and storage properties, can be easily distributed, and can be normally sold at retail stores. Of course, it is also possible to carry out metered sales instead of bagged sales. The granulated material according to the present invention can be widely used in parks and gardens, or its promenades or walking paths, floors of outdoor sports facilities, indoor and outdoor parking spaces, and the like. It can also be suitably used for indoor and outdoor decorative flower pots and planters. Furthermore, the granulated product according to the present invention is excellent in water absorbency and water retention, and excellent in load resistance, and is not easily deformed. Therefore, the excavated soil once dug can be mixed when backfilled.
The excavated soil once digged up has a large tendency for water to ooze and fluidize, and if it is buried as it is, dents may occur in the ground, but by mixing the granulated material according to the present invention, It absorbs water and makes the ground denser or stronger. The granulated product according to the present invention can be used as such a soil improving material. Incidentally, the diameter of the granulated product according to the present invention depends on the application, but is generally about 1 mm to 30 mm. It is preferable to use a material having a coarse diameter under the condition of being exposed to wind and rain outdoors, but it may be fine when filling a flower pot or a planter or the like indoors.
Also, in the case of laying in a garden together with gravel or the like, it is better to make them the same size as the gravel in terms of appearance. of course,
Without being limited to these, it goes without saying that the composition of the catalyst solution, the mixing ratio of each compounding component, and the diameter of the granulated material can be appropriately changed depending on the desired functions and applications. In this case, generally, for example, when increasing the stirring speed of the table mixer or increasing the stirring time,
Many small diameters can be obtained. If the shapes cannot be made uniform only by stirring and pulverizing with a table mixer, the shapes may be made uniform during the wet state, or formed into a desired shape such as a more spherical or spindle shape. Further, a pigment may be blended for coloring or patterning the granulated material. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. Preparation of catalyst solution 12 g of sodium thiosulfate was added to 123 kg of industrial water and stirred for 10 minutes to remove calcium in the water. Next, while maintaining the water temperature at about 7 ° C., 1.7 kg of ammonium chloride and 2.9 kg of potassium carbonate were simultaneously added,
After stirring for 15 minutes, 5.6 kg of iron sulfate was added while the water temperature was kept at about 7 ° C., and the mixture was further stirred for 15 minutes. Further, 130 kg of calcium chloride was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours. When the water temperature reached approximately 17 to 18 ° C., 6.1 kg of magnesium chloride was added to obtain a catalyst solution. Was. Preparation of Granulated Product A granulated product was prepared by blending the above catalyst solution. That is, to the mixture of soil, ordinary Portland cement, granulated blast furnace slag, the catalyst solution was added and kneaded,
A wet mixture was obtained. Next, this was stirred and pulverized for about 5 minutes using a table mixer to obtain a substantially spherical granulated substance having an average diameter of about 15 mm. .6
9% (weight%, the same applies hereinafter), cement component 10.8%,
A granulated product according to the present invention having a content of 1.7% of a slag component, 0.51% of a catalyst solution component, and 1.3% of water was prepared. Non-soiling test of granulated material 1 liter of tap water was placed in a beaker, 300 g of the granulated material was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and allowed to stand. The state of the granulated material and the turbidity of water were visually observed. Was observed. The granulate immediately settled without losing shape and accumulated at the bottom of the beaker. The supernatant maintained good transparency without coloring. After standing for 3 minutes, stirring again for 5 minutes and performing visual observation again 20 times, the result was the same. In addition, when the same test was performed as it was overnight, the results were the same.
No dispersion or mudification of the granulated material was observed. Compressive strength test of granulated material From the granulated material, a cylindrical specimen having a diameter of about 5 mm and a length of about 8 mm was cut out, and both end faces of the specimen were capped with a gypsum-containing cement paste, and then fixed-speed universal. Testing machine (operating range: 10 kN, loading speed: 0.5 mm /
), A uniaxial gradually increasing compressive load was applied to determine the maximum load, and the compressive strength was calculated according to the equation shown in Equation 1. Table 1 shows the results. ## EQU1 ## [Table 1] The compressive strength of this specimen having a soil component of about 85% is 11.5 N / mm 2 (117 kgf / cm 2 ) on average,
In addition to general pedestrian roads, it has load-bearing properties applicable to vehicle traffic roads, and if it is laid on promenades, etc.
The cement component can be further reduced to about 3 to 5%. Water Permeability Test of Granulated Material From the above granulated material, a columnar specimen having the dimensions shown in Table 2 was prepared, and a water-permeable cylinder having an inner diameter of 10.00 cm and a length of 12.73 cm according to JIS A 1218 and JSF T 311. Was used to perform a water permeability test using tap water, and the water permeability at 22 ° C. and 15 ° C. was calculated according to the equations shown in Equations 2 and 3, respectively. As shown in Table 3 for each hydraulic conductivity,
The granulated product obtained in the present invention has good water permeability. [Table 2] [Mathematical formula-see original document] [Equation 3] [Table 3] In the above embodiment, the wet granulated material is cured by natural drying. Alternatively, the accelerated curing may be performed in a shorter time by using an autoclave. As described above, the granulated product of the present invention can be produced using natural soil as a main raw material, thereby suppressing environmental destruction. In addition, since it is a granulated product, it is easy to lay, and furthermore, it is easy to lay the soil. Since it has characteristics, it is in harmony with the surrounding nature and green, and is excellent in water permeability, water retention and heat absorption. Furthermore, since it does not become muddy and is excellent in load resistance, it can be used for providing a comfortable ground surface. The granulated product of the present invention is excellent in distribution, can be sold in various forms, and can be suitably used for gardens, parks, open spaces, gardening, soil improvement materials and the like, regardless of the scale.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭55−133482(JP,A) 特開 平8−259946(JP,A) 特開 平10−60432(JP,A) 特開 平5−255929(JP,A) 特開2000−63167(JP,A) 特公 昭51−8245(JP,B1) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C09K 17/00 - 17/52 C04B 22/08 - 22/16 C04B 28/00 - 28/36 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-55-133482 (JP, A) JP-A-8-259946 (JP, A) JP-A-10-60432 (JP, A) JP-A 5- 255929 (JP, A) JP-A-2000-63167 (JP, A) JP-B-51-8245 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C09K 17/00-17 / 52 C04B 22/08-22/16 C04B 28/00-28/36

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 100重量部の土壌に、セメントを3〜
20重量部、及び高炉水砕スラグを1〜2重量部混合し
たのち、100重量部の水にアンモニウム塩類又はナト
リウム塩類の少なくともいずれかを1〜3重量部、カリ
ウム塩類を1〜4重量部、鉄化合物を3〜10重量部、
硝酸カルシウム又は塩化カルシウムを70〜150重量
部、及びマグネシウム塩類を3〜7重量部添加してなる
溶液を上記混合物に0.2〜0.7重量部添加して練り
合わせ、これを粒状化したのち乾燥させてなることを特
徴とする土壌を原料とする粒状化物。
(57) [Claim 1] 100 parts by weight of soil is mixed with 3 to 3 parts of cement.
20 parts by weight, and after mixing 1 to 2 parts by weight of granulated blast furnace slag, 1 to 3 parts by weight of at least one of ammonium salts or sodium salts in 100 parts by weight of water, 1 to 4 parts by weight of potassium salts, 3 to 10 parts by weight of an iron compound,
A solution obtained by adding 70 to 150 parts by weight of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride and 3 to 7 parts by weight of magnesium salts is added to the above mixture at 0.2 to 0.7 parts by weight, kneaded, and granulated. A granulated product made from soil characterized by being dried.
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US6648962B2 (en) * 2001-09-06 2003-11-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Micro-granulose particulates
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