JP3431392B2 - Tappet - Google Patents

Tappet

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Publication number
JP3431392B2
JP3431392B2 JP09900396A JP9900396A JP3431392B2 JP 3431392 B2 JP3431392 B2 JP 3431392B2 JP 09900396 A JP09900396 A JP 09900396A JP 9900396 A JP9900396 A JP 9900396A JP 3431392 B2 JP3431392 B2 JP 3431392B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tappet
ceramic chip
tip
diameter portion
groove
Prior art date
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JP09900396A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09264107A (en
Inventor
学 沖中
治 鈴木
雅人 谷口
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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Priority to JP09900396A priority Critical patent/JP3431392B2/en
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、主にエンジンに使
用されるタペットに関し、詳しくは、所定の外径の軸部
と該軸部の先端に同軸状でその外径より大径の外径の大
径部を備えた金属製のタペットボディの該大径部の先端
面にカム当り面をなすセラミックチップがロー付けされ
てなる、いわゆるキノコ形タペットに関する。 【0002】 【従来の技術】タペットのカム当り面(摺動面)は、中
央部を外周部付近に対して数μm〜数十μm高くし、緩
勾配の山形とするいわゆるクラウン形状(小さな曲率の
球面)となっている。これは、カムの摺動面に緩やかな
テーパを施して、両者をタペットの中心から偏心した位
置で接触させて、カムの回転による運動に伴って適当な
トルクを発生させ、タペットを軸線回りに回転させるこ
とにより、摩擦抵抗の低減、油膜切れの回避、片当りに
よる偏摩耗の防止を図るためである。 【0003】一方、近時は、タペットの摺動部の耐摩耗
性を向上させる目的で、タペットボティ(本体)を従来
同様の金属製とし、摺動部(カムの当り面)のみを、窒
化けい素、炭化けい素若しくはサイアロン等からなるセ
ラミックチップ(部材)をロー付けなどにより接合した
タペットが実用化されている。 【0004】しかし、セラミックは極めて加工性が悪
く、タペットのカム摺動面に小さな曲率のクラウン形状
をいかにコストをかけないで製作するかが実用化のポイ
ントとされている。クラウン形状をセラミックチップな
どの耐摩耗性部材の表面に形成する方法のうち、焼結後
の耐摩耗性部材を研磨する方法では、クラウン形状が三
次曲面であることから多大のコストを要する。一方、セ
ラミック未焼結体に予めクラウン形状を形成しておき、
焼成して焼き放し面のまま用いる方法では、焼成時の変
形収縮によって寸法精度が低いものとなってしまう。 【0005】こうした諸問題を解決した技術として、特
公平6−74811号公報記載の技術がある。この技術
は、摺動面に金属部材よりも熱膨張率の小さい耐摩耗性
部材を加熱接合すると同時に、接合部の冷却収縮により
該耐摩耗性部材の接合面の反対面をクラウン形状とする
というものである。この技術によれば、タペットボディ
などの金属軸と耐摩耗性部材をなすセラミックチップと
の間にロー材を介在させ、その状態の下で高温加熱し、
しかる後、冷却することで金属軸とセラミックチップと
をロー付け接合すると同時にクラウン形状が形成され
る。 【0006】すなわち、この接合においては、セラミッ
クの熱膨張率(熱収縮)が金属軸のそれより著しく小さ
いから、冷却時の金属軸(セラミックチップとの接合
面)の径方向の収縮量がセラミックチップのそれより大
きくなるので、セラミックチップ(自体)の接合面の近
傍に半径方向に圧縮応力が加わり、接合面と反対面の中
央が膨らむように変形し、クラウン形状が形成される。
しかして、この技術によれば、金属軸にタペットボディ
を用い、平面研磨されたセラミックチップをカム当り面
にロー付けすることにより、その接合と同時にクラウニ
ングが形成されることから、焼結後のセラミックチップ
を曲面研磨する必要もないし、寸法精度の低下を招くこ
ともないといったメリットがある。 【0007】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、上記公報記
載の技術は、金属(タペットボディ)とセラミックとの
熱収縮差を利用してクラウニングを付加、形成するもの
であるが、この形成は、両者の熱膨張率の差のみによる
ものでなく、タペットボディ(以下、単にボディともい
う)の形状や構造に基づく剛性による影響を受ける。図
4は、いわゆるキノコ形のタペット100の一例であ
り、そのボディ101は所定の外径の軸部102と、そ
の軸部102の先端に同軸状でその外径より大径の外径
の大径部103を備えており、その先端面104にカム
当り面をなすセラミックチップ201がロー付けされて
いる。 【0008】このタペットボディ101においては、そ
の形状に基づき、大径部103の外周寄り部位の剛性が
比較的低く、したがって、その先端面104が半径方向
に変形し易いために、比較的大きなクラウニングを付
加、形成でき、クラウニング量もコントロールしやす
い。なお、図4では、セラミックチップ201を先端面
104にロー付けした際に形成されるクラウニングCを
誇張して表示している。 【0009】しかし、このようなキノコ形タペット10
0の実際の使用によるセラミックチップ201の破壊
(剥離など)の状態を分析してみると、その外周部位2
02において多く発生することが知れた。明確な原因は
不明であるが、セラミックチップ201をロー付けする
ことによりクラウニングCがつくということは、先端面
104が凸となるように球面状に変形することになる
が、金属とセラミックとの熱膨張係数の違いにより、接
合後はボディ101の先端面104には引っ張り応力が
作用し、セラミック側の接合面203には圧縮応力が作
用し、その接合界面(ロー材層301)には剪断応力が
作用することになる。セラミックチップ201の剥離
は、このような残留応力が大きな要因と考えられる一
方、剥離はセラミックチップ201の外周部位202で
発生しがちであることことから、このような残留応力を
外周部位202において適度に小さくすれば、剥離は緩
和ないし防止されると考えられる。 【0010】本発明はかかる知見及び分析に基づいてな
されたもので、その目的とするところは、カム当り面を
なすセラミックチップがタペットボディにロー付けされ
てなるタペットであって、ロー付け時の熱収縮の差によ
りクラウニングを形成してなるものにおいて、そのセラ
ミックチップの損傷を有効に防止し、耐久性の高いタペ
ットとなすことにある。 【0011】上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、所
定の外径の軸部と該軸部の先端に同軸状でその外径より
大径の外径の大径部を備えた金属製のタペットボディの
該大径部の先端面にカム当り面をなすセラミックチップ
がロー付けされると共に、ロー付け時の熱収縮の差によ
り前記セラミックチップのカム当り面にクラウニングを
形成してなるタペットにおいて、前記タペットボディの
該大径部の外周であって前記先端面の近傍に、所定の断
面形状の凹溝を周設し、該凹溝の深さが2〜4mm、該
凹溝と前記先端面との間の該大径部の外周面における肉
厚が1〜2mmであることを特徴とする。 【0012】本発明においては、タペットボディの大径
部の外周であって先端面(カム当り面をなすセラミック
チップの接合面)の近傍に、所定の断面形状の凹溝を周
設していることにより、先端面の外周寄り部位の厚さ
(凹溝と先端面との間の大径部の外周面における肉厚)
は小さくなり、その分、外周寄り部位は局所的に剛性が
小さくなる。したがって、先端面にセラミックチップを
ロー付けにより接合して冷却する過程において熱膨張係
数の相違によりセラミックチップがタペットボディ(金
属)によって与えられる半径方向の圧縮力は、凹溝がな
い場合に比べて外周寄り部位で局所的に小さくなる。 【0013】つまりタペットボディについては、その大
径部の外周寄り部位における先端面と凹溝との間の部位
の剛性が小さくなることから、その分縮みが小さくな
る。したがって接合界面をなすロー材層における剪断応
力が外周部位において小さくなり、セラミックチップの
接合強度が増すことから剥離しにくくなる。かくして、
本発明に係るタペットによれば、セラミックチップを接
合して熱収縮の差によりクラウニングを形成してなるも
のでも、セラミックチップの剥離などその損傷防止に有
効な耐久性の高いタペットとなすことができる。 【0014】 【0015】 【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の形態について、図
1,図2を参照して説明する。図中、1は、本例のタペ
ットであり、そのボディ1aは所定の外径Da(18〜
23mm)を持つ円柱状の軸部2と、軸部2の先端に同
軸状でその外径より大径の外径Db(31〜38mm)
をもつ底面視円形の大径部3を備えたキノコ形に仕上げ
られており、大径部3の先端面4は平坦に形成されてお
り、カム当り面をなすセラミックチップ21がロー付け
により接合されている。なお、本例のボディ1aの軸部
2と大径部3とはテーパ部3aを介して接続されてい
る。また大径部3の外周面5における高さ(肉厚)Ha
は2.5〜4mmである。そして、大径部3の外周面5
であって先端面(セラミックチップ接合面)4の近傍
に、所定の断面形状の凹溝6が周設されている。なお、
後述するように、この凹溝6の深さMdは2〜4mm、
凹溝6と先端面4との間の大径部3の外周面5における
肉厚Mtは1〜2mmとするのが適切である。 【0016】また、凹溝6の断面形状は、略U字形、略
V字形、若しくは円弧状、又はこれらに類似する形状と
するのが適切である。そして、凹溝6の幅や溝底の曲率
半径Rの大きさは、凹溝6の断面形状にもよるが、大径
部3の外周面5であって先端面4の近傍の剛性や強度を
考慮し、かつタペットボディごとに要求されるクラウニ
ングの大きさが確保されるように設計すればよい。なお
凹溝6の溝幅は、U字溝では1〜2mm程度が加工のし
易さの点から適切である。また、セラミックチップ21
は、その外径をボディ1aの外径と同じとし、厚さは
1.5〜2mm程度とするのが好ましい。なお、材質
は、窒化けい素、炭化けい素、若しくはサイアロンを主
成分とする焼結体が好ましい。タペットボディ1aを構
成する金属に比べて熱膨張率が小さいため、クラウニン
グがつきやすいからである。 【0017】さて、図1、図2に示したタペット1にお
いて、大径部3の凹溝6の深さMdが1〜5mm、凹溝
6と先端面4との間の大径部3の外周面5における肉厚
Mtが0.5〜2.5mmとしたタペットボディ1aの
各サンプルを作り、これに後述するようにしてセラミッ
クチップ21を、クラウニングが設計値で35μm±1
5μmとなるようにしてロー付けしてなるタペットを各
1個づつ製造し、そのクラウニングCの大きさを測定す
ると共に、所定の耐久試験を行い、セラミックチップ2
1の破壊状況等、その耐久性を確認した。 【0018】ただし、ボディ1a等の各部の寸法等は次
の通りである。大径部3の外径D;φ31mm、大径部
3の外周の厚さHa;3.5mm、凹溝6は断面略U字
状としかつ溝底の曲率半径Rが0.5mm(溝幅1m
m)、軸部外径Da;φ18mm、軸部2と大径部3の
テーパ部3aの厚さHb;7mm、軸部長さL;59m
m。なお、材質はJIS SNCM630(Ni−Cr
−Mo鋼,熱膨張率;12×10-61/℃)よりなり、
冷間鍛造後、機械加工されたものである。また、セラミ
ックチップ21は、Si3 N4 90重量%粉末にY2 O
3 −Al2 O3 系焼結助材と成形バインダを加えて混合
し、金型プレスにて円板形に成形した後、N2 ガス雰囲
気中で焼成し、その後、両円形面22,22を研削(研
磨)して円板(直径Dがφ31mm、厚さTが1.5m
m)に形成したものである。なお、この熱膨張率は、
3.2×10-61/℃である。 【0019】しかして、セラミックチップ21の円形面
22と、タペットボディ1の先端面4との間に、直径φ
31mm、厚さ0.05mmの箔状に形成された、Ti
−In−Cu−Ag系活性ロー材(Ti;1.5%,I
n;12.5%、Cu;27%、Ag;60%)を所定
の圧力下で挟み、真空で820℃の下、30分保持後、
N2 ガス置換冷却炉で200℃まで30分かけて冷却
し、セラミックチップ21の接合されたタペットを得
た。なお、セラミックチップ21接合後のロー材層31
の厚さは、5〜30μmの範囲が適切である。 【0020】耐久試験(モータリング試験)の内容は、
次のようである。タペットクリアランス;標準の2倍
(0.6mm)、回転数;Eng.max回転数×1
50%、耐久回数;目標値2×107 サイクル。 【0021】試験結果は、図3に示した通りである。図
3において、縦軸は、凹溝の深さMdを示し、横軸は、
凹溝6と先端面4との間の大径部3の外周面5における
肉厚(以下、単に肉厚ともいう)Mtを示している。そ
して、〇印は、「耐久性良」を、□印は、「耐久性良・
カムに偏摩耗発生有り」を、◇印は、「目標値2×10
7 サイクル未満でセラミックチップ破損」を、それぞれ
示す。なお、各印内の数字は、耐久試験前のクラウニン
グCの大きさ(μm)を示している。 【0022】この図からも明らかなように、セラミック
チップ21の上記の接合手法によりクラウニングはいず
れにおいても設計値内にある。そして、凹溝6の深さM
dが2〜4mmであり、肉厚Mtが1〜2mmの範囲に
ある場合には、セラミックチップ21の損傷もカムの偏
摩耗もなかった。この結果から、この範囲で大径部3の
先端面4における外周寄り部位23の剛性が局所的に適
度に小さくなり、ロー付け時の熱膨張係数の差によるセ
ラミックチップ21がうける径方向の圧縮力が有効に低
減されたものと考えられる。また、カムの偏摩耗もなか
ったことから、クラウニングはその量(高さ)だけでな
く、付き方にも影響がないことが分かる。 【0023】一方、凹溝6の深さMdが1mmの場合
(凹溝6が浅い)場合には、セラミックチップ21は外
周寄り部位23において剥離を生じた。これは、凹溝6
が浅すぎるため、大径部3の先端面4の外周寄り部位の
剛性の低減に十分寄与できないためと考えられる。 【0024】逆に、凹溝6の深さMdが5mmの場合
(凹溝6が深い)場合には、セラミックチップ21は外
周部位23において剥離を生じた。これは、凹溝6が深
すぎるため、タペットボディの剛性ないし強度が小さく
なりすぎて、カムの衝突による衝撃により破損に至った
ものと考えられる。 【0025】また、肉厚Mtが0.75mmの場合(凹
溝6が先端面4から近い場合)には、セラミックチップ
21はその外周部位での破損を生じなかったが、凹溝6
の深さMdにかかわらず、相手のカムに偏摩耗が発生し
た。これは、先端面4の外周寄り部位の厚さMtが薄く
なり過ぎたため、クラウニングの全体の高さは問題なか
ったものの外周寄り部位で局所的な変形を起こしていた
ためである。 【0026】逆に、肉厚Mtが2.5mmの場合(凹溝
6が先端面4から遠い場合)には、凹溝6の深さMdに
かかわらず、セラミックチップ21はその外周寄り部位
23で破損した。これは、凹溝6がタペットボディ1の
先端面4から遠くなると、大径部3の先端面4の外周寄
り部位23の厚さMtが厚いためにその部位の剛性が十
分小さくならず、セラミックチップ21がうける径方向
の圧縮力が有効に低減されないためと考えられる。 【0027】これらのことからすると、この凹溝6の深
さMdは、2〜4mm、肉厚Mtは、0.75〜2mm
とするのが適切であり、より好ましくは、Mdは2〜4
mm、肉厚Mtは1〜2mmの範囲である。 【0028】 【発明の効果】本発明に係るキノコ形のタペットによれ
ば、セラミックチップを接合して熱収縮の差によりクラ
ウニングを形成してなるものでも、セラミックチップの
剥離などの損傷防止に有効な耐久性の高いタペットとな
すことができる。また凹溝を設けた分、軽量化も図られ
る。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a tappet mainly used for an engine, and more particularly, to a shaft portion having a predetermined outer diameter and a coaxial shape at a tip of the shaft portion. And a so-called mushroom type tappet in which a ceramic tip forming a cam contact surface is brazed to a tip end surface of the large diameter portion of a metal tappet body having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter. . 2. Description of the Related Art A cam contact surface (sliding surface) of a tappet is a so-called crown shape (small curvature) in which a central portion is higher by several μm to tens of μm than a peripheral portion and has a gentle slope. Spherical surface). This is done by applying a gentle taper to the sliding surface of the cam, bringing them into contact at a position eccentric from the center of the tappet, generating an appropriate torque with the rotation of the cam, and rotating the tappet around the axis. By rotating, it is intended to reduce frictional resistance, avoid oil film breakage, and prevent uneven wear due to one-sided contact. On the other hand, recently, in order to improve the wear resistance of the sliding portion of the tappet, the tappet body (main body) is made of the same metal as the conventional one, and only the sliding portion (cam contact surface) is nitrided. A tappet in which a ceramic chip (member) made of silicon, silicon carbide, sialon, or the like is joined by brazing or the like has been put to practical use. [0004] However, ceramics have extremely poor workability, and it is important to make the crown shape having a small curvature on the cam sliding surface of the tappet without increasing the cost. Of the methods of forming a crown shape on the surface of a wear-resistant member such as a ceramic chip, a method of polishing a wear-resistant member after sintering requires a large cost because the crown shape is a cubic curved surface. On the other hand, a crown shape is formed in advance on the ceramic green body,
In the method of firing and using the as-fired surface as it is, the dimensional accuracy becomes low due to deformation and shrinkage during firing. As a technique for solving these problems, there is a technique described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-74811. According to this technology, a wear-resistant member having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than a metal member is heated and joined to a sliding surface, and at the same time, the surface opposite to the joint surface of the wear-resistant member is formed into a crown shape by cooling and shrinking of the joint. Things. According to this technique, a brazing material is interposed between a metal shaft such as a tappet body and a ceramic chip serving as a wear-resistant member, and heated to a high temperature under that state,
Thereafter, by cooling, the metal shaft and the ceramic chip are brazed and joined, and at the same time, a crown shape is formed. That is, in this joining, since the coefficient of thermal expansion (thermal shrinkage) of the ceramic is significantly smaller than that of the metal shaft, the amount of shrinkage of the metal shaft (joining surface with the ceramic chip) in the radial direction during cooling is small. Since it is larger than that of the chip, compressive stress is applied in the radial direction to the vicinity of the joining surface of the ceramic chip (self), and the center of the surface opposite to the joining surface is deformed so as to expand, thereby forming a crown shape.
However, according to this technology, a tapping body is used for a metal shaft, and a ceramic chip having a flat surface polished is brazed to a cam contact surface, so that crowning is formed at the same time as the joining. There is an advantage that the ceramic chip does not need to be polished on a curved surface and the dimensional accuracy does not decrease. [0007] The technique described in the above publication is to add and form crowning by utilizing the difference in heat shrinkage between metal (tappet body) and ceramic. Is affected not only by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two but also by the rigidity based on the shape and structure of the tappet body (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the body). FIG. 4 shows an example of a so-called mushroom-shaped tappet 100, in which a body 101 has a shaft portion 102 having a predetermined outer diameter, and a shaft portion 102 having a larger outer diameter than the outer diameter which is coaxial with the tip of the shaft portion 102. It has a diameter portion 103, and a ceramic chip 201 forming a contact surface with a cam is soldered to a tip surface 104 thereof. In the tappet body 101, the rigidity of the large-diameter portion 103 near the outer periphery is relatively low based on its shape, and the tip surface 104 is easily deformed in the radial direction. Can be added and formed, and the amount of crowning can be easily controlled. In FIG. 4, the crowning C formed when the ceramic chip 201 is brazed to the front end surface 104 is exaggerated. However, such a mushroom-shaped tappet 10
When the state of destruction (peeling, etc.) of the ceramic chip 201 due to the actual use of the
02 was found to occur more frequently. Although the clear cause is unknown, the fact that the crowning C is formed by brazing the ceramic chip 201 means that the tip surface 104 is deformed into a spherical shape so as to be convex. Due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, a tensile stress acts on the front end surface 104 of the body 101 after the joining, a compressive stress acts on the joining surface 203 on the ceramic side, and a shearing occurs on the joining interface (the raw material layer 301). Stress will act. The peeling of the ceramic chip 201 is considered to be largely caused by such residual stress. On the other hand, the peeling tends to occur at the outer peripheral portion 202 of the ceramic chip 201. It is considered that the peeling is reduced or prevented if it is made smaller. The present invention has been made based on such knowledge and analysis. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tappet in which a ceramic tip forming a cam contact surface is brazed to a tappet body. An object of the present invention is to provide a tappet having high durability by effectively preventing damage to a ceramic chip in a crowning formed by a difference in heat shrinkage. [0011] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a metal part having a shaft part having a predetermined outer diameter and a large diameter part having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter at the end of the shaft part. The tip of the large diameter portion of the tappet body is brazed with a ceramic chip forming a contact surface with a cam , and due to the difference in heat shrinkage when brazing.
Crowning on the cam contact surface of the ceramic tip
In the tappet formed , a concave groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape is provided around the outer periphery of the large diameter portion of the tappet body and near the distal end surface, and the depth of the concave groove is 2 to 4 mm, The
Meat on the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion between the concave groove and the tip end surface
Thickness characterized in that it is a 1 to 2 mm. In the present invention, a concave groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape is provided around the outer periphery of the large diameter portion of the tappet body and near the front end surface (the joining surface of the ceramic chip forming the cam contact surface). By this, the thickness of the portion near the outer periphery of the tip surface (the thickness of the large diameter portion between the concave groove and the tip surface on the outer peripheral surface)
Becomes smaller, and accordingly, the rigidity of the portion closer to the outer periphery is locally reduced. Accordingly, in the process of joining the ceramic chip to the tip end surface by brazing and cooling, the radial compressive force applied by the tappet body (metal) to the ceramic chip due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion is smaller than that in the case where there is no groove. It becomes smaller locally at the portion near the outer periphery. That is, in the tappet body, since the rigidity of the portion between the distal end face and the concave groove in the portion near the outer periphery of the large diameter portion is reduced, the contraction is reduced accordingly. Therefore, the shear stress in the brazing material layer forming the joining interface is reduced at the outer peripheral portion, and the joining strength of the ceramic chip is increased, so that the chip is less likely to be separated. Thus,
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the tappet which concerns on this invention, even if what forms a crowning by joining a ceramic chip and a difference of heat shrinkage, it can be made into a highly durable tappet effective in prevention of damage, such as peeling of a ceramic chip. . Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a tappet of the present example, and a body 1a has a predetermined outer diameter Da (18 to 18).
23 mm) and an outer diameter Db (31-38 mm) coaxial with the tip of the shaft 2 and larger than its outer diameter.
It is finished in a mushroom shape having a large-diameter portion 3 having a circular shape when viewed from the bottom, and the tip surface 4 of the large-diameter portion 3 is formed flat, and a ceramic chip 21 forming a cam contact surface is joined by brazing. Have been. Note that the shaft portion 2 and the large diameter portion 3 of the body 1a of this example are connected via a tapered portion 3a. Also, the height (thickness) Ha of the large-diameter portion 3 on the outer peripheral surface 5.
Is 2.5 to 4 mm. And the outer peripheral surface 5 of the large diameter portion 3
In the vicinity of the tip surface (ceramic chip joining surface) 4, a concave groove 6 having a predetermined cross-sectional shape is provided. In addition,
As described later, the depth Md of the concave groove 6 is 2 to 4 mm,
The thickness Mt of the large-diameter portion 3 between the concave groove 6 and the front end surface 4 on the outer peripheral surface 5 is appropriately set to 1 to 2 mm. The cross-sectional shape of the groove 6 is preferably approximately U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, arc-shaped, or a similar shape. The width of the groove 6 and the size of the radius of curvature R of the groove bottom depend on the cross-sectional shape of the groove 6, but the rigidity and strength of the outer peripheral surface 5 of the large-diameter portion 3 near the tip surface 4 May be taken into consideration, and the design may be such that the size of the crowning required for each tappet body is ensured. The groove width of the concave groove 6 is preferably about 1 to 2 mm in the case of a U-shaped groove from the viewpoint of ease of processing. In addition, the ceramic chip 21
It is preferable that the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the body 1a and the thickness is about 1.5 to 2 mm. Note that the material is preferably a silicon nitride, silicon carbide, or a sintered body containing sialon as a main component. This is because the thermal expansion coefficient is smaller than that of the metal constituting the tappet body 1a, so that crowning is easily formed. In the tappet 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the depth Md of the groove 6 of the large-diameter portion 3 is 1 to 5 mm, and the depth Md of the large-diameter portion 3 between the groove 6 and the tip surface 4 is large. Each sample of the tappet body 1a having a thickness Mt of 0.5 to 2.5 mm on the outer peripheral surface 5 was prepared, and the ceramic chip 21 was formed thereon, as described later, and the crowning was 35 μm ± 1 at a design value.
One tappet was brazed at 5 μm, and the size of the crowning C was measured, and a predetermined durability test was performed.
The durability, such as the destruction status of No. 1, was confirmed. However, the dimensions of each part of the body 1a and the like are as follows. The outer diameter D of the large diameter portion 3 is 31 mm, the outer thickness Ha of the large diameter portion 3 is 3.5 mm, the concave groove 6 has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and the curvature radius R of the groove bottom is 0.5 mm (groove width). 1m
m), shaft portion outer diameter Da; φ18 mm, thickness Hb of shaft portion 2 and tapered portion 3a of large diameter portion 3: 7 mm, shaft portion length L: 59 m
m. The material is JIS SNCM630 (Ni-Cr
-Mo steel, coefficient of thermal expansion: 12 × 10 -6 1 / ° C)
It is machined after cold forging. The ceramic chip 21 is composed of 90% by weight Si3 N4 powder and Y2 O
A 3-Al2 O3 sintering aid and a forming binder are added and mixed, formed into a disk shape by a die press, fired in an N2 gas atmosphere, and then, the circular surfaces 22, 22 are ground ( Polished and disc (diameter D is φ31mm, thickness T is 1.5m)
m). The coefficient of thermal expansion is
3.2 × 10 −6 1 / ° C. The diameter φ between the circular surface 22 of the ceramic chip 21 and the tip end surface 4 of the tappet body 1
Ti formed in a foil shape of 31 mm and thickness of 0.05 mm
-In-Cu-Ag active brazing filler metal (Ti; 1.5%, I
n; 12.5%, Cu; 27%, Ag; 60%) under a predetermined pressure, and after being kept under vacuum at 820 ° C. for 30 minutes,
The mixture was cooled to 200 ° C. in a N 2 gas displacement cooling furnace over 30 minutes to obtain a tappet to which the ceramic chip 21 was bonded. In addition, the brazing material layer 31 after the ceramic chip 21 is bonded.
Is suitably in the range of 5 to 30 μm. The contents of the durability test (motoring test)
It is as follows. Tappet clearance; twice the standard (0.6 mm), rotation speed; Eng. max rotation speed x 1
50%, endurance times; target value 2 × 10 7 cycles. The test results are as shown in FIG. 3, the vertical axis indicates the depth Md of the concave groove, and the horizontal axis indicates
The thickness Mt of the large-diameter portion 3 between the concave groove 6 and the tip end surface 4 on the outer peripheral surface 5 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the thickness) is shown. Then, the mark “〇” indicates “good durability”, and the mark “□” indicates “good durability”.
◇ indicates that there is uneven wear on the cam, and the target mark is 2 × 10
Ceramic chip breakage in less than 7 cycles ". The number in each mark indicates the size (μm) of the crowning C before the durability test. As is apparent from this figure, the crowning is within the design value in any case by the above-described joining method of the ceramic chip 21. And the depth M of the concave groove 6
When d was 2 to 4 mm and the thickness Mt was in the range of 1 to 2 mm, there was no damage to the ceramic chip 21 and no uneven wear of the cam. From this result, in this range, the rigidity of the portion 23 close to the outer periphery on the distal end surface 4 of the large diameter portion 3 is locally moderately reduced, and the radial compression of the ceramic chip 21 due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient at the time of brazing. It is considered that the force was effectively reduced. In addition, since there was no uneven wear of the cam, it was found that the crowning had no influence on not only the amount (height) but also the manner of attachment. On the other hand, when the depth Md of the groove 6 is 1 mm (the depth of the groove 6 is shallow), the ceramic chip 21 has peeled off at a portion 23 near the outer periphery. This is the groove 6
Is too shallow, so that it is not possible to sufficiently contribute to the reduction of the rigidity of the portion near the outer periphery of the distal end surface 4 of the large diameter portion 3. Conversely, when the depth Md of the groove 6 is 5 mm (the depth of the groove 6 is deep), the ceramic chip 21 peels off at the outer peripheral portion 23. It is considered that the rigidity or strength of the tappet body was too small because the concave groove 6 was too deep, and the tappet body was damaged by the impact due to the collision of the cam. When the thickness Mt is 0.75 mm (when the concave groove 6 is close to the front end face 4), the ceramic chip 21 does not break at the outer peripheral portion thereof.
Irrespective of the depth Md, uneven wear occurred on the mating cam. This is because although the thickness Mt of the outer peripheral portion of the distal end face 4 was too thin, the overall height of the crowning did not matter, but local deformation occurred at the outer peripheral portion. Conversely, when the thickness Mt is 2.5 mm (when the concave groove 6 is far from the front end face 4), the ceramic chip 21 is moved to the outer peripheral portion 23 regardless of the depth Md of the concave groove 6. Was damaged. This is because when the concave groove 6 is farther from the distal end surface 4 of the tappet body 1, the thickness Mt of the peripheral portion 23 of the distal end surface 4 of the large-diameter portion 3 is large, so that the rigidity of that portion is not sufficiently reduced, and the ceramic is not sufficiently reduced. It is considered that the radial compression force applied to the tip 21 is not effectively reduced. According to these facts, the depth Md of the groove 6 is 2 to 4 mm, and the thickness Mt is 0.75 to 2 mm.
And more preferably, Md is 2-4.
mm and thickness Mt are in the range of 1 to 2 mm. According to the mushroom-shaped tappet of the present invention, even when a ceramic chip is joined to form a crowning due to a difference in heat shrinkage, it is effective in preventing damage such as peeling of the ceramic chip. And a highly durable tappet. In addition, the provision of the concave groove can reduce the weight.

【図面の簡単な説明】 【図1】本発明に係るタペットの実施形態例を示す一部
破断正面図。 【図2】図1の要部拡大断面図。 【図3】本発明に係るタペットボディの実施例の耐久試
験結果を示すグラフ。 【図4】従来のキノコ形のタペットボディを説明する一
部破断正面図。 【符号の説明】 1 タペット 1a タペットボディ 2 軸部 3 大径部 4 先端面(カム当り面をなすセラミックチップが接合
される接合面) 5 大径部の外周面 6 凹溝 21 セラミックチップ 23 セラミックチップの外周寄り部位 Db タペットボディの大径部の外径 Ha 大径部の外周の厚さ Mt 凹溝と先端面との間の大径部の外周面における肉
厚 Md 凹溝の深さ
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of a tappet according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing a result of a durability test of an example of the tappet body according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway front view illustrating a conventional mushroom-shaped tappet body. [Description of Signs] 1 Tappet 1a Tappet body 2 Shaft 3 Large diameter portion 4 Tip surface (joining surface to which ceramic chip forming cam contact surface is joined) 5 Outer peripheral surface of large diameter portion 6 Groove 21 Ceramic chip 23 Ceramic Tip outer peripheral portion Db Outer diameter Ha of the large diameter portion of the tappet body Thickness of the outer periphery of the large diameter portion Mt Thickness Md of the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion between the concave groove and the tip surface Depth of the concave groove

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平6−92749(JP,A) 特開 平2−84281(JP,A) 特開 昭62−158996(JP,A) 特開 平9−242512(JP,A) 特開 平9−32515(JP,A) 実開 昭59−47302(JP,U) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) F01L 1/14 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-92749 (JP, A) JP-A-2-84281 (JP, A) JP-A-62-158996 (JP, A) JP-A-9-92 242512 (JP, A) JP-A-9-32515 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 59-47302 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F01L 1/14

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 所定の外径の軸部と該軸部の先端に同軸
状でその外径より大径の外径の大径部を備えた金属製の
タペットボディの該大径部の先端面にカム当り面をなす
セラミックチップがロー付けされると共に、ロー付け時
の熱収縮の差により前記セラミックチップのカム当り面
にクラウニングを形成してなるタペットにおいて、 前記タペットボディの該大径部の外周であって前記先端
面の近傍に、所定の断面形状の凹溝を周設し、該凹溝の
深さが2〜4mm、該凹溝と前記先端面との間の該大径
部の外周面における肉厚が1〜2mmであることを特徴
とするタペット。
(57) [Claim 1] A metal part having a shaft part having a predetermined outer diameter and a large-diameter part having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter coaxially with the tip of the shaft part. A ceramic tip forming a cam contact surface is brazed to the tip end surface of the large diameter portion of the tappet body, and at the time of brazing
The cam contact surface of the ceramic chip is
In a tappet formed with a crowning, a groove having a predetermined cross-sectional shape is provided around the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion of the tappet body and near the distal end face ,
2-4 mm in depth, the large diameter between the concave groove and the tip surface
A tappet having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm on an outer peripheral surface of a portion .
JP09900396A 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Tappet Expired - Fee Related JP3431392B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP09900396A JP3431392B2 (en) 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Tappet

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP09900396A JP3431392B2 (en) 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Tappet

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09264107A JPH09264107A (en) 1997-10-07
JP3431392B2 true JP3431392B2 (en) 2003-07-28

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Country Link
JP (1) JP3431392B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3713159B2 (en) * 1999-03-03 2005-11-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Ceramic sliding parts
JP4541941B2 (en) * 2005-03-16 2010-09-08 川崎重工業株式会社 Parts such as titanium alloy tappets and manufacturing method thereof

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JPH09264107A (en) 1997-10-07

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