JP3418667B2 - Vibration apparatus and vibration test method using the same - Google Patents
Vibration apparatus and vibration test method using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP3418667B2 JP3418667B2 JP23213597A JP23213597A JP3418667B2 JP 3418667 B2 JP3418667 B2 JP 3418667B2 JP 23213597 A JP23213597 A JP 23213597A JP 23213597 A JP23213597 A JP 23213597A JP 3418667 B2 JP3418667 B2 JP 3418667B2
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- load
- displacement
- vibration
- measuring
- measuring means
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、構造物を変形させ
るとともに荷重を負荷して、例えば、地震応答に影響を
及ぼす特性を把握し、強度・信頼性の実証が可能な加振
装置およびそれを用いた加振試験方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibrating device capable of demonstrating strength and reliability by deforming a structure and applying a load, for example, to grasp the characteristics that affect the seismic response and to verify its strength and reliability. The present invention relates to a vibration test method using.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】構造物、特に、建築構造物や土木構造物
は、地震に対して十分な強度を持つように設計すること
が重要である。そこで、構造物自体の地震に対する振動
応答を調べるため、あるいは地震応答に影響を及ぼす使
用部材の特性を調べるために、加振試験を行う。加振試
験の方法は種々あるが、その一つに、構造物あるいはそ
の部材に地震時発生すると想定される変形あるいは荷重
を加振機により載荷し、その際に発生する応答や損傷状
態などを調べる方法がある。2. Description of the Related Art It is important to design structures, especially building structures and civil engineering structures, so as to have sufficient strength against earthquakes. Therefore, in order to investigate the vibration response of the structure itself to the earthquake, or to investigate the characteristics of the members used that affect the earthquake response, a vibration test is performed. There are various methods of vibration test, one of which is to apply the deformation or load expected to occur at the time of an earthquake to the structure or its members with a vibration exciter, and the response and damage state etc. that occur at that time. There is a way to find out.
【０００３】この試験方法を大型構造物の部材に適用す
る場合、地震時に発生する量の大きい水平方向の変形あ
るいは荷重を載荷することが多い。しかしながら、それ
と同時に構造物の自重に相当する垂直方向の荷重を載荷
することも重要である。なぜなら、試験対象の部材の変
形、例えば座屈現象などに垂直方向の荷重が大きな影響
を及ぼすからである。そこで、水平方向と垂直方向に同
時に変形と荷重を載荷する装置または方法が、いくつか
提案されている。When this test method is applied to a member of a large structure, a large amount of horizontal deformation or load that occurs during an earthquake is often applied. However, at the same time, it is also important to carry a vertical load corresponding to the weight of the structure. This is because the vertical load has a great influence on the deformation of the member to be tested, for example, the buckling phenomenon. Therefore, some devices or methods for simultaneously applying the deformation and the load in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction have been proposed.
【０００４】例えば、鴻池組技術研究報告（２７〜３８
頁、１９９５）には、供試体に荷重を加えるためのフレ
ームを平行リンクにより回転を抑制し、供試体の回転変
形による荷重制御誤差を低減する方法が、特開平３−１
１０４３７号公報には、水平・上下の載荷荷重を試験体
の変形状態を加味して精度よく発生させる装置が、第43
回応用力学連合講演会（５８１〜５８２頁、平成6年１
月）や日本機械学会第７４回通常総会講演会講演論文集
(I)（４００〜４０１頁、平成９年）には、加振機を３
台使用して供試体に平面内の３自由度の変形を載荷する
装置がそれぞれ示されている。For example, Konoike-gumi Technical Research Report (27-38)
Pp. 1995), there is a method of suppressing the rotation of a frame for applying a load to a test piece by a parallel link to reduce a load control error due to rotational deformation of the test piece.
Japanese Patent No. 10437 discloses a device that accurately generates horizontal and vertical loading loads in consideration of a deformed state of a test body.
Annual Conference on Applied Mechanics (pp. 581-582, 1994 1)
Mon) and the proceedings of the 74th Ordinary General Meeting of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
In (I) (pages 400 to 401, 1997), 3 shakers were used.
Devices are shown each for using a table to load a specimen with a three-degree-of-freedom deformation in a plane.
【０００５】また、特開平９−１５９５６９号公報に
は、上下方向を荷重制御し、水平方向を変位制御で構造
物を加振する装置ならびに方法が開示されている。さら
に、構造物について数値シミュレーションと加振試験を
組み合わせて、供試体が実際に使用されるのと同等の加
振状態を再現する、いわゆるハイブリッド実験手法が提
案されている。特開平５−１０８４６号公報には、この
ハイブリッド試験を実時間で実施する装置および方法が
開示されている。Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-159569 discloses an apparatus and method for vibrating a structure by load control in the vertical direction and displacement control in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a so-called hybrid experimental method has been proposed in which a numerical simulation and a vibration test for a structure are combined to reproduce a vibration state equivalent to that in which the specimen is actually used. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10846/1993 discloses an apparatus and method for carrying out this hybrid test in real time.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】一般に、加振機を用い
て構造物に変形や荷重を載荷する試験を行う場合には、
加振機の制御に使用するセンサの分解能を考ると、剛性
が小さく変形量の大きいものは変位制御、剛性が大きく
変形が小さいものは荷重制御で試験を行うのが望まし
い。土木・建築構造物の場合には、自重を支持しつつ自
立するために、上下方向には剛性が高く、水平方向には
剛性の低いものが多い。そこで、上下方向は荷重制御、
水平方向は変位制御で試験を実施する必要がある。Generally, when a test for applying a deformation or a load to a structure is performed using a vibration exciter,
Considering the resolution of the sensor used to control the vibration exciter, it is desirable to perform the test by displacement control for those with small rigidity and large deformation, and for load control for those with large rigidity and small deformation. In the case of civil engineering / building structures, many of them have high rigidity in the vertical direction and low rigidity in the horizontal direction in order to support themselves while supporting their own weight. Therefore, load control in the vertical direction,
It is necessary to perform the test with displacement control in the horizontal direction.
【０００７】ところで、上記鴻池組技術研究報告（２７
〜３８頁、１９９５）、特開平３−１１０４３７号公
報、第43回応用力学連合講演会（５８１〜５８２頁、平
成6年１月）、日本機械学会第７４回通常総会講演会講
演論文集(I)（４００〜４０１頁、平成９年）に記載の
装置においては、上下方向及び水平方向の両方向に載荷
する荷重を制御するか、または両方向の変位を制御する
ものであり、荷重と変位の両者を混在させて制御するこ
とについては考慮されていない。また、特開平９−１５
９５６９号公報に記載の装置は、所定の変位や荷重を精
度よく供試体に載荷することを考慮していない。By the way, the Konoike set technical research report (27)
~ 38, 1995), JP-A-3-110437, 43rd Applied Mechanics Union Lecture Meeting (pp. 581-582, January 1994), Proc. Of the 74th Ordinary General Meeting of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers ( In the device described in I) (pages 400 to 401, 1997), the load to be loaded in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is controlled, or the displacement in both directions is controlled. No consideration is given to controlling both by mixing them. In addition, JP-A-9-15
The device described in Japanese Patent No. 9569 does not consider accurately loading a predetermined displacement or load on a sample.
【０００８】さらに、特開平５−１０８４６号公報に記
載のハイブリッド試験装置は、加振装置を変位のみある
いは荷重のみで制御するものであり、上下方向と水平方
向で剛性が大きく異なる構造物へそのまま適用するのが
困難である。Further, the hybrid test apparatus described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10846/1993 controls the vibration device only by displacement or load, and is used as it is for a structure having a great difference in rigidity between the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Difficult to apply.
【０００９】本発明は、上記従来の技術の不具合を解決
するためになされたもので、その目的は上下方向と水平
方向に荷重制御と変位制御を併用することを可能とする
加振装置ならびに加振試験方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a vibrating device and a vibrating device capable of using both load control and displacement control in the vertical and horizontal directions. To provide a vibration test method.
【００１０】本発明の他の目的は、上下方向と水平方向
で剛性が大きく異なる構造物に対してハイブリッド実験
手法を実施するのに好適な加振装置ならびに加振試験方
法を提供することにある。Another object of the present invention is to provide a vibrating apparatus and a vibrating test method suitable for carrying out a hybrid experimental method on a structure having a great difference in rigidity between the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. .
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
の本発明の第１の態様は、水平方向に配置された少なく
とも１台の加振機と、垂直方向に配置された少なくとも
１台の加振機とを備え、これら加振機により供試体に変
位と荷重を載荷する加振装置において、水平加振機と垂
直加振機との中の少なくとも１台の第１の加振機に、こ
の第１の加振機で生じた荷重を計測する荷重計測手段
と、この荷重計測手段が計測した荷重に基づいてこの第
１の加振機を制御する第１の制御手段とを設けるととも
に、第１の加振機とは異なる方向に配置した加振機の少
なくとも１台を含む第２の加振機に、この第２の加振機
の変位を計測する変位計測手段と、この変位計測手段の
出力に基づいて第２の加振機を制御する第２の制御手段
とを設け、さらに、荷重と変位の載荷により変形する供
試体の変形状態を計測する変形状態計測手段と、予め入
力された荷重指令信号に基づいて第１の加振機の荷重指
令値を生成する荷重指令値生成手段と、予め入力された
変位指令信号と変形状態計測手段の出力とに基づいて第
２の加振機の変位指令値を生成する変位指令値生成手段
とを設けたものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is to reduce the number of elements arranged horizontally.
Both with one shaker and at least vertically arranged
It is equipped with one shaker, and these shakers are used to transform into specimens.
In the vibration device that loads the position and load,
At least one of the direct exciter and the first exciter
Measuring means for measuring the load generated by the first vibration exciter
Based on the load measured by this load measuring means,
And a first control means for controlling the vibrator 1
In addition, the number of shakers arranged in a different direction from the first shaker
This second shaker includes a second shaker including at least one
Of the displacement measuring means for measuring the displacement of
Second control means for controlling the second vibration exciter based on the output
Is provided, and further, it is deformed by loading load and displacement.
Deformation state measuring means for measuring the deformation state of the sample,
The load finger of the first vibrator based on the applied load command signal
Load command value generating means for generating a command value
Based on the displacement command signal and the output of the deformation state measuring means,
Displacement command value generating means for generating the displacement command value of the vibrator 2
And are provided .
【００１２】[0012]
【００１３】さらに好ましくは、荷重指令値生成手段
は、荷重指令信号に加え、変形状態計測手段の出力に基
づいて荷重信号を生成するか、または供試体に載荷され
た荷重を計測する第２の荷重計測手段を設けるととも
に、荷重指令値生成手段は第２の荷重計測手段の出力に
基づいて荷重信号を生成するかしたものである。また好
ましくは、供試体に載荷された荷重を計測する第２の荷
重計測手段を設け、変位指令値生成手段はこの第２の荷
重計測手段の出力に基づき変位指令信号を生成するか、
または変位指令値生成手段をデジタル計算機としたもの
である。More preferably, the load command value generating means generates a load signal based on the output of the deformation state measuring means in addition to the load command signal, or measures the load applied to the specimen. The load measuring means is provided, and the load command value generating means generates the load signal based on the output of the second load measuring means. Further preferably, second load measuring means for measuring the load applied to the specimen is provided, and the displacement command value generating means generates a displacement command signal based on the output of the second load measuring means, or
Alternatively, the displacement command value generating means is a digital computer.
【００１４】上記目的を達成するための本発明の第２の
態様は、水平方向に配置された少なくとも１台の加振機
と、垂直方向に配置された少なくとも１台の加振機とを
用いて供試体に変位と荷重を載荷する加振試験方法にお
いて、水平加振機と垂直加振機との中の少なくとも１台
の第１の加振機に設けた荷重計測手段が計測した荷重に
基づいてこの第１の加振機を第１の制御手段が制御し、
第１の加振機とは異なる方向に配置した加振機の少なく
とも１台を含む第２の加振機に設けた変位計測手段の出
力に基づいて第２の加振機を第２の制御手段が制御し、
さらに、荷重と変位を載荷して変形する供試体の変形状
態を変形状態計測手段が計測し、予め入力された荷重指
令信号に基づいて第１の加振機に荷重指令値生成手段が
荷重を指令し、予め入力された変位指令信号と変形状態
計測手段の出力とに基づいて変位指令値生成手段が第２
の加振機に変位を指令するものである。A second aspect of the present invention for attaining the above object is to provide at least one vibrator arranged horizontally.
And at least one shaker arranged vertically.
Using the vibration test method of loading displacement and load on the specimen using
And at least one of a horizontal shaker and a vertical shaker
The load measured by the load measuring means provided on the first vibration exciter
Based on this, the first vibration control device controls the first vibration exciter,
Fewer exciters placed in a different direction from the first exciter
The output of the displacement measuring means provided in the second vibrator including both
The second control means controls the second vibrator based on the force,
In addition, the deformation state of the specimen that is deformed by applying load and displacement
The deformation state measuring means measures the state, and the load finger input in advance
The load command value generating means is provided on the first vibration exciter based on the command signal.
Displacement command signal and deformation status input in advance by commanding load
The displacement command value generating means is second based on the output of the measuring means.
The displacement is commanded to the vibrator .
【００１５】そして好ましくは、荷重指令値生成手段は
荷重指令信号に加え、変形状態計測手段の出力に基づい
て荷重信号を生成するものである。また好ましくは、供
試体に載荷された荷重を第２の荷重計測手段が計測し、
荷重指令値生成手段は第２の荷重計測手段の出力に基づ
いて荷重信号を生成するものであるかもしくは、供試体
に載荷された荷重を第２の荷重計測手段が計測し、変位
指令値生成手段がこの第２の荷重計測手段の出力に基づ
き変位指令信号を生成するものである。And, preferably, the load command value generating means is
Based on the output of the deformation state measuring means in addition to the load command signal
To generate a load signal. Also preferably,
The second load measuring means measures the load applied to the sample,
The load command value generating means is based on the output of the second load measuring means.
Generate a load signal, or the specimen
The second load measuring means measures the load applied to the
The command value generating means is based on the output of the second load measuring means.
A displacement command signal is generated .
【００１６】また、変位指令信号生成は、予め設定され
た構造物の数値モデルの、荷重計測値および別に入力さ
れる外力信号とを外力として実施する振動応答計算の結
果に基づくものとしてもよい。Further, the generation of the displacement command signal may be based on the result of the vibration response calculation of the preset numerical model of the structure, in which the load measurement value and the external force signal separately input are used as the external force.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態
について図面を引用しながら詳細に説明する。図1は本
発明の一実施例の構成図である。ここでは供試体１とし
て、図９中の免震支持した建物に使用される積層ゴムを
想定している。すなわち、建物１７は積層ゴム１８を介
して基礎１９上に設置されている。積層ゴムの中の一部
分１のみを供試体としている。積層ゴムには、地震によ
り発生する横方向の変形が加わる他、建物の自重が垂直
方向に加わっている。したがって、地震時の挙動を正確
に評価するためには、この自重を加えた条件で試験しな
ければならない。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. Here, it is assumed that the test piece 1 is a laminated rubber used in a building that is seismically isolated and supported in FIG. That is, the building 17 is installed on the foundation 19 via the laminated rubber 18. Only a part 1 of the laminated rubber is used as a test piece. Lateral deformation caused by the earthquake is added to the laminated rubber, and the weight of the building is applied vertically. Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the behavior at the time of an earthquake, it is necessary to perform the test under the condition where this self-weight is added.
【００１８】供試体１は、変位と荷重を載荷するために
加振機構に連結されている。図１に示した加振機構は、
以下のように構成されている。供試体１には、変位・荷
重伝達機構５が連結され、さらに、複数の加振機２〜４
が連結されている。変位・荷重伝達機構５は、ジョイン
トと棒を備えたリンク機構である。加振機２〜４は反力
をとるため、剛なフレーム１０に固定されている。The specimen 1 is connected to a vibrating mechanism for loading displacement and load. The vibration mechanism shown in FIG. 1 is
It is configured as follows. A displacement / load transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the test piece 1, and a plurality of vibrators 2 to 4 are further connected.
Are connected. The displacement / load transmission mechanism 5 is a link mechanism including a joint and a rod. The exciters 2 to 4 are fixed to the rigid frame 10 to take a reaction force.
【００１９】加振機２および加振機３には、荷重計測手
段２２、３２がそれぞれ設置されている。荷重計測手段
２２、３２は、例えば駆動軸に設置されたロードセルで
ある。これらの加振機の制御装置２１、３１は荷重計測
手段２２、３２からの出力をフィードバック信号２０
１、３０１として受け取り、荷重指令値２００、３００
と比較する。比較後、制御装置２１、３１は加振機制御
信号を生成・出力し、加振機２、３に入力する。この加
振機制御信号として、加振機がサーボバルブによって制
御される油圧加振機の場合には、サーボバルブ駆動電流
を用いればよい。The vibrators 2 and 3 are provided with load measuring means 22 and 32, respectively. The load measuring means 22 and 32 are, for example, load cells installed on the drive shaft. The control devices 21, 31 of these vibrators output the outputs from the load measuring means 22, 32 as feedback signals 20.
Received as 1, 301, load command value 200, 300
Compare with. After the comparison, the control devices 21 and 31 generate and output a shaker control signal, and input the shaker control signals to the shakers 2 and 3. If the vibrator is a hydraulic vibrator controlled by a servo valve, the servo valve drive current may be used as the vibrator control signal.
【００２０】加振機４には変位計測手段４３が設置され
ている。変位計測手段４３は、例えば、加振機に内蔵し
た差動トランス型変位計である。加振機の制御装置４１
は変位計測手段４３の出力をフィードバック信号４０１
として受け取り、変位指令値４００と比較し、加振機制
御信号４０２を出力する。また、加振により発生する供
試体１の変形状態を計測するために、供試体変形状態計
測手段９も設置されている。この供試体変形状態計測手
段９としては、レーザー式の非接触変位計を用いること
ができる。Displacement measuring means 43 is installed in the vibrator 4. The displacement measuring means 43 is, for example, a differential transformer type displacement meter built in the vibration exciter. Exciter control device 41
Represents the output of the displacement measuring means 43 as a feedback signal 401
, And compares the displacement command value 400 with the displacement command value 400, and outputs a shaker control signal 402. Further, in order to measure the deformation state of the sample 1 generated by the vibration, the sample deformation state measuring means 9 is also installed. A laser-type non-contact displacement gauge can be used as the specimen deformation state measuring means 9.
【００２１】加振機構を駆動して供試体の地震状態を再
現するため、自重に相当する荷重信号１０１と積層ゴム
に発生すると想定される変形に相当する変位信号１０２
を荷重・変位信号入力手段６を介して入力する。荷重・
変位信号入力手段６は、信号が電圧信号の形で与えられ
る場合には、ケーブル端子を用いればよく、後述する処
理がデジタル計算機で処理され荷重・変位信号もデジタ
ル値として与えられる場合には、計算機に接続したキー
ボードを用いればよく、変位と荷重の入力手段を別々に
構成してもよい。つまり、信号の種類、装置の構成に応
じて、さまざまな形態を取りうる。In order to reproduce the seismic state of the sample by driving the vibration mechanism, a load signal 101 corresponding to its own weight and a displacement signal 102 corresponding to the deformation assumed to occur in the laminated rubber.
Is input via the load / displacement signal input means 6. load·
When the signal is given in the form of a voltage signal, the displacement signal input means 6 may use a cable terminal, and when the processing described later is processed by a digital computer and the load / displacement signal is also given as a digital value, A keyboard connected to a computer may be used, and displacement and load input means may be separately configured. That is, it can take various forms depending on the type of signal and the configuration of the device.
【００２２】荷重信号１０１に従って、荷重指令値２０
０、３００を荷重指令値生成手段７において生成し、制
御装置２１、３１に入力する。荷重信号１０１は供試体
に加えるべき荷重であり、荷重指令値２００、３００は
それを達成するために加振機で発生させる荷重を指令す
るものである。これらは必ずしも同じ値ではない。例え
ば、荷重計測手段２２、３２よりも下側の荷重・変位伝
達機構の重量が大きい場合には、その自重相当の荷重を
差し引いた値を荷重指令値とする。また、荷重分布を変
える必要がある場合には、荷重信号２００、３００を異
なったものにしてもよい。According to the load signal 101, the load command value 20
The load command value generating means 7 generates 0 and 300 and inputs them to the control devices 21 and 31. The load signal 101 is a load to be applied to the test piece, and the load command values 200 and 300 command the load generated by the vibration exciter to achieve the load command values 200 and 300. These are not necessarily the same value. For example, when the weight of the load / displacement transmitting mechanism below the load measuring means 22 and 32 is large, a value obtained by subtracting the load corresponding to its own weight is used as the load command value. Further, when the load distribution needs to be changed, the load signals 200 and 300 may be different.
【００２３】荷重を加えると供試体に変形が発生する。
この変形のため、供試体に所定の変位を加えるための加
振機４の駆動量は変動する。ところが一般に、供試体の
剛性は未知であり、また、多かれ少なかれ荷重と変形の
間には非線形性を有する。したがって、所定の荷重を加
えたとしてもその変形量は一義的に決まらない。そこ
で、供試体変形状態計測手段９が計測した変形状態信号
１０３と変位信号１０２とに基づいて、変位指令値生成
手段８が現在の変形状態において所定の変形を発生させ
るような変位指令値４００を生成する。この変位指令値
４００を制御装置４１に入力する。When a load is applied, the test piece is deformed.
Due to this deformation, the drive amount of the vibration exciter 4 for applying a predetermined displacement to the sample changes. However, in general, the rigidity of the specimen is unknown, and there is more or less nonlinearity between load and deformation. Therefore, even if a predetermined load is applied, the amount of deformation is not uniquely determined. Therefore, based on the deformation state signal 103 and the displacement signal 102 measured by the specimen deformation state measuring means 9, the displacement command value generating means 8 generates a displacement command value 400 that causes a predetermined deformation in the current deformation state. To generate. This displacement command value 400 is input to the control device 41.
【００２４】このように構成した本実施例では、荷重制
御を用いて、結果として発生した変形状態を加味した所
定の変位を発生させる変位指令値を生成し供試体に変位
を加えることが可能になり、所定の荷重・変位を供試体
に精度よく載荷することができる。In the present embodiment thus constructed, it is possible to apply the displacement to the test piece by generating the displacement command value for generating the predetermined displacement in consideration of the resulting deformed state by using the load control. Therefore, a predetermined load / displacement can be accurately loaded on the specimen.
【００２５】なお、本実施例においては、図９の構造物
とそれに用いられる積層ゴムを供試体として説明した
が、構造物や供試体はこれに限るものでないことは言う
までもない。また、本実施例に示した加振機構は一例で
あって、加振機の数、設置方法、変位・荷重伝達機構、
荷重計測手段、変位計測手段、などはさまざまな変形例
が考えられるのは言うまでもない。要するに本発明の主
旨を外れない範囲でさまざまな構成をとることができ
る。In this embodiment, the structure shown in FIG. 9 and the laminated rubber used therefor have been described as the specimen, but it goes without saying that the structure and the specimen are not limited to this. Further, the vibration mechanism shown in this embodiment is an example, and the number of vibration machines, the installation method, the displacement / load transmission mechanism,
It goes without saying that various modifications can be considered for the load measuring means, the displacement measuring means, and the like. In short, various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.
【００２６】以下に、本実施例のいくつかの変形例を示
す。図２に、本発明の一変形例を示す。この変形例は、
図１の実施例においてデジタル計算機１１内に、荷重・
変位信号入力手段６、荷重指令値生成手段７および変位
指令値生成手段８を備えたものである。この場合、荷重
・変位信号入力手段６として、Ａ／Ｄ変換器を用いるこ
とができる。The following are some modifications of this embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a modification of the present invention. This variation is
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the load
The displacement signal input means 6, the load command value generation means 7, and the displacement command value generation means 8 are provided. In this case, an A / D converter can be used as the load / displacement signal input means 6.
【００２７】ところで、入出力部はアナログ回路で、演
算処理部がデジタル回路の場合もある。このとき、変形
状態信号１０３をＡ／Ｄ変換器を介して入力し、荷重指
令値２００、３００、変位指令値４００をＤ／Ａ変換器
から出力する。本変形例によれば、計算機の処理プログ
ラムを変更するだけで、処理の内容を容易に変更でき
る。すなわち、変位信号生成手段８に必要な複雑な座標
変換処理等のプログラムを保存すればよく、また、荷重
指令値に関しても試験条件に合わせて、生成方法を容易
に変更できる。また、図３に示したように、加振機の制
御処理もデジタル計算機の中で実施することもできる。
この場合にも制御処理の変更やパラメータ調整が容易で
ある。The input / output unit may be an analog circuit and the arithmetic processing unit may be a digital circuit. At this time, the deformation state signal 103 is input via the A / D converter, and the load command values 200 and 300 and the displacement command value 400 are output from the D / A converter. According to this modification, the content of processing can be easily changed only by changing the processing program of the computer. That is, a program such as a complicated coordinate conversion process required for the displacement signal generating means 8 may be stored, and the load command value can be easily changed according to the test conditions. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the control processing of the vibration exciter can also be carried out in the digital computer.
Also in this case, it is easy to change the control process and adjust the parameters.
【００２８】図４に、図１に示した実施例の他の変形例
を示す。この変形例は、供試体変形状態計測手段９に関
するものである。加振機２、３にも変位計測手段２３、
３３を設置し、加振機４の変位計測手段の出力を含め、
変位計測信号２０３、３０３、４０３を変形状態算出手
段１２に入力し、変形状態信号１０３を出力している。
変形状態算出には変位・荷重伝達機構と加振機駆動量の
幾何学的な条件を利用できる。本変形例によれば、供試
体によらず同じように変形状態が出力されるので、変位
信号生成手段の構成が容易である。また、センサーを設
置するのが難しい供試体にも利用できる。FIG. 4 shows another modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. This modification is related to the specimen deformation state measuring means 9. Displacement measuring means 23 is also applied to the shakers 2 and 3,
33, including the output of the displacement measuring means of the vibrator 4,
The displacement measurement signals 203, 303, 403 are input to the deformation state calculation means 12, and the deformation state signal 103 is output.
The geometric conditions of the displacement / load transmission mechanism and the drive amount of the vibration exciter can be used to calculate the deformation state. According to this modified example, the deformed state is output in the same manner regardless of the sample, and therefore the configuration of the displacement signal generation means is easy. It can also be used for specimens where it is difficult to install sensors.
【００２９】次に、図５を用いて、本発明の他の実施例
を説明する。本実施例においては、荷重指令値２００、
３００を生成するのに、荷重信号１０１だけではなく、
供試体変形状態信号１０３をも使用している。これは、
供試体の変形による幾何学的条件の変化により、加振機
が加えた荷重が直接供試体に加わらなくなる場合を考慮
したものである。これにより、載荷荷重の精度が向上す
るという効果がある。Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the load command value 200,
To generate 300, not only the load signal 101,
The specimen deformation state signal 103 is also used. this is,
This is in consideration of the case where the load applied by the vibration exciter is not directly applied to the test piece due to the change in the geometrical conditions due to the deformation of the test piece. This has the effect of improving the accuracy of the applied load.
【００３０】図６を用いて、本発明のさらに他の実施例
を説明する。本実施例では、供試体に与える荷重・変位
を、予め定めた直交座標系５１、５２における値として
定義する。そして、加振機構を構成する加振機の駆動軸
を概ねこの直交座標に平行に配置する。荷重信号が与え
られた軸に平行な加振機については荷重制御し、変位信
号が与えられた軸に平行な加振機については変位制御す
る。図６に示した構成を例に取ると、軸５１に概ね平行
に加振機２、３の駆動軸の方向２４、３４が設定されて
いる。また、軸５１に直交する軸５２に平行に加振機４
の駆動軸の方向４４が設定されている。ここで、軸５１
に荷重信号が決められ、軸５２に変位信号が決められて
いると、加振機２、３は荷重制御、加振機４は変位制御
する。このように指令信号と加振機を構成すれば、荷重
制御する加振機と変位制御する加振機の干渉が小さくな
る。したがって、供試体変形が加味され、変位指令値を
補正する量が小さくなり、制御が容易になる。Still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the load / displacement applied to the specimen is defined as the values in the predetermined orthogonal coordinate systems 51 and 52. Then, the drive shaft of the vibration exciter constituting the vibration mechanism is arranged substantially parallel to the orthogonal coordinates. The load is controlled for the shaker parallel to the axis to which the load signal is applied, and the displacement is controlled to the shaker parallel to the axis to which the displacement signal is applied. Taking the configuration shown in FIG. 6 as an example, the drive shaft directions 24 and 34 of the vibrators 2 and 3 are set substantially parallel to the shaft 51. Further, the vibration generator 4 is arranged parallel to the axis 52 orthogonal to the axis 51.
The drive shaft direction 44 is set. Where the axis 51
When the load signal is determined on the shaft 52 and the displacement signal is determined on the shaft 52, the vibrators 2 and 3 control the load and the vibrator 4 controls the displacement. If the command signal and the vibration exciter are configured in this way, interference between the load control vibration exciter and the displacement control vibration exciter is reduced. Therefore, the deformation of the specimen is taken into account, the amount of correction of the displacement command value becomes small, and control becomes easy.
【００３１】図７に、本発明のさらに他の実施例を示
す。本実施例では、供試体に発生する反力を計測する手
段１３を設け、その出力を加振指令値２００、３００の
生成に使用している。種々の要因により、想定した荷重
が供試体に加えられない場合が生じることがある。この
ときに、直接、供試体に加えられた反力，すなわち、供
試体反力を計測し、これが所定の値になるように荷重指
令値を補正する。本実施例によれば、載荷荷重の精度が
向上する。FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, means 13 for measuring the reaction force generated in the test piece is provided, and its output is used to generate the vibration command values 200 and 300. Due to various factors, the assumed load may not be applied to the specimen. At this time, the reaction force applied to the test piece, that is, the reaction force of the test piece is directly measured, and the load command value is corrected so that this becomes a predetermined value. According to this embodiment, the accuracy of the applied load is improved.
【００３２】図８に、さらに他の実施例を示す。本実施
例では、供試体に発生する反力を計測する手段１３と変
位信号生成手段１４とを設けている。そして、供試体反
力計測手段１３の出力１０４を変位信号生成手段１４に
入力し、少なくともこれに基づき変位信号を生成する。
変位信号生成手段１４の出力を変位信号１０２として、
荷重・変位信号入力手段６に入力する。その際、変位信
号生成手段１４は、図９に示した構成が望ましい。FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment. In this embodiment, means 13 for measuring the reaction force generated in the specimen and displacement signal generating means 14 are provided. Then, the output 104 of the reaction force measuring means 13 is input to the displacement signal generating means 14, and the displacement signal is generated based on at least this.
The output of the displacement signal generating means 14 is used as the displacement signal 102,
Input to the load / displacement signal input means 6. At that time, the displacement signal generating means 14 preferably has the configuration shown in FIG.
【００３３】すなわち、変位信号生成手段１４に、振動
応答計算手段１５と変位信号計算手段１６とを設ける。
振動応答計算手段１５には、構造物の振動応答に関する
数値モデルが入力されており、供試体反力信号１０４と
外力信号１０５とを構造物に対する外力として振動計算
を逐次行う。変位信号算出手段１６では、振動応答計算
手段１５での計算結果に基づき、数値モデルで表した構
造物の動きを忠実に再現するように変位信号を算出す
る。この詳細を、図１０に示した構造物を例にとって以
下に説明する。That is, the displacement signal generating means 14 is provided with the vibration response calculating means 15 and the displacement signal calculating means 16.
A numerical model relating to the vibration response of the structure is input to the vibration response calculation means 15, and the vibration calculation is sequentially performed by using the reaction force signal 104 of the specimen and the external force signal 105 as external forces to the structure. The displacement signal calculation means 16 calculates a displacement signal based on the calculation result of the vibration response calculation means 15 so as to faithfully reproduce the movement of the structure represented by the numerical model. The details will be described below by taking the structure shown in FIG. 10 as an example.
【００３４】図１０において、点線に囲まれた部分のみ
を供試体１とする。残りの建物と積層ゴムの部分は、数
値モデル化して振動応答計算手段１５に格納しておく。
外力、例えば、地震力を定めると、外力が加わった場合
の構造物の動きを計算でき、計算した変形量が供試体１
に加えるべき変形量となる。この供試体の変形によって
発生した反力は、建物部分の動きに影響を与えるので反
力を計測し、それを振動応答計算の際の外力として使用
する。その結果得られた変位応答から、さらに変位指令
信号１０２を算出する。以上の手順を逐次、繰り返し実
施すれば、部分構造物である供試体１が全体構造物の中
に設置されているのと同様な条件で、その地震応答を評
価できる。また、変位信号生成手段は、さまざまな構成
をとり得るので、デジタル計算機としてもよい。この場
合、数値モデルなども容易に変更でき、加振装置の汎用
性が高まる。In FIG. 10, only the portion surrounded by the dotted line is the sample 1. The remaining building and laminated rubber portions are numerically modeled and stored in the vibration response calculation means 15.
When the external force, for example, the seismic force is determined, the movement of the structure when the external force is applied can be calculated, and the calculated deformation amount is the specimen 1
The amount of deformation that should be added to. The reaction force generated by the deformation of the specimen affects the movement of the building, so the reaction force is measured and used as the external force when calculating the vibration response. The displacement command signal 102 is further calculated from the displacement response obtained as a result. By repeating the above procedure one after another, the seismic response can be evaluated under the same condition that the specimen 1 as a substructure is installed in the whole structure. Further, the displacement signal generating means may have various configurations, and thus may be a digital computer. In this case, the numerical model and the like can be easily changed, and the versatility of the vibration device is enhanced.
【００３５】以上、さまざまな実施例について説明した
が、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではなく、
種々の態様をとることができる。Although various embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Various aspects can be taken.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、上下方向には剛性が高
く、水平方向には剛性の低い土木・建築構造物のよう
に、方向によって大きく剛性が異なる構造物に対して、
剛性が高い方向には荷重制御、剛性の低い方向に対して
は変位制御で加振試験を行うことができ、所定の入力を
精度よく再現可能である。また、数値シミュレーション
と加振試験を組み合わせることで、方向によって大きく
剛性が異なる構造物であっても、供試体が実際に使用さ
れるのと同等の加振状態を再現できる。According to the present invention, for structures such as civil engineering and construction structures that have high rigidity in the vertical direction and low rigidity in the horizontal direction, the rigidity of which greatly differs depending on the direction,
The vibration test can be performed by load control in the direction of high rigidity and displacement control in the direction of low rigidity, and a predetermined input can be accurately reproduced. In addition, by combining the numerical simulation and the vibration test, it is possible to reproduce the vibration state equivalent to that of the actual use of the specimen, even in the case of a structure having a great difference in rigidity depending on the direction.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の構成図。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例の一変形例。FIG. 2 is a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例の一変形例。FIG. 3 is a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の一実施例の一変形例。FIG. 4 is a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の他の実施例の構成図。FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の他の施例の構成図。FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の他の実施例の構成図。FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の他の実施例の構成図。FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】変位信号出力手段の詳細図。FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a displacement signal output means.
【図１０】免震支持された建物の模式図。FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a building that is seismically isolated.
１…供試体、２〜４…加振機、５…変位・荷重伝達機
構、６…変位・荷重指令信号入力手段、７…荷重指令値
生成手段、８…変位指令値生成手段、９…供試体変形状
態計測手段、１０…フレーム、１１…デジタル計算機、
１２…変形状態算出手段、１３…供試体反力計測手段、
１４…変位信号生成手段、１５…振動応答計算手段、１
６…変位信号演算手段、１７…建物、１８…積層ゴム、
１９…基礎、２１…加振機の制御装置、２２…荷重計測
手段、２３…変位計測手段、３１…加振機の制御装置、
３２…荷重計測手段、３３…変位計測手段、４１…加振
機の制御装置、４３…変位計測手段、１０１…荷重指令
信号、１０２…変位指令信号、１０３…変形状態信号、
１０４…供試体反力信号、１０５…外力信号、２００…
荷重指令値、２０１…加振機フィードバック信号、２０
２…加振機制御信号、２０３…変位計測信号、３００…
荷重指令値、３０１…加振機フィードバック信号、３０
２…加振機制御信号、３０３…変位計測信号、４００…
変位指令値、４０１…加振機フィードバック信号、４０
２…加振機制御信号、４０３…変位計測信号。1 ... Specimen, 2-4 ... Exciter, 5 ... Displacement / load transmission mechanism, 6 ... Displacement / load command signal input means, 7 ... Load command value generation means, 8 ... Displacement command value generation means, 9 ... Sample deformation state measuring means, 10 ... Frame, 11 ... Digital computer,
12 ... Deformation state calculating means, 13 ... Specimen reaction force measuring means,
14 ... Displacement signal generating means, 15 ... Vibration response calculating means, 1
6 ... Displacement signal calculation means, 17 ... Building, 18 ... Laminated rubber,
19 ... Foundation, 21 ... Exciter control device, 22 ... Load measuring means, 23 ... Displacement measuring means, 31 ... Exciter control device,
32 ... Load measuring means, 33 ... Displacement measuring means, 41 ... Exciter control device, 43 ... Displacement measuring means, 101 ... Load command signal, 102 ... Displacement command signal, 103 ... Deformation state signal,
104 ... Specimen reaction force signal, 105 ... External force signal, 200 ...
Load command value, 201 ... Exciter feedback signal, 20
2 ... Exciter control signal, 203 ... Displacement measurement signal, 300 ...
Load command value, 301 ... Vibrator feedback signal, 30
2 ... Exciter control signal, 303 ... Displacement measurement signal, 400 ...
Displacement command value, 401 ... Exciter feedback signal, 40
2 ... Exciter control signal, 403 ... Displacement measurement signal.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 桃井 康行 茨城県土浦市神立町502番地 株式会社 日立製作所 機械研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 平９−159569（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01M 7/02 Front page continuation (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Momoi 502 Jinrachi-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Machinery Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-9-159569 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int .Cl. 7 , DB name) G01M 7/02
Claims (10)
振機と、垂直方向に配置された少なくとも１台の加振機
とを備え、これら加振機により供試体に変位と荷重を載
荷する加振装置において、前記水平加振機と垂直加振機
との中の少なくとも１台の第１の加振機に、この第１の
加振機で生じた荷重を計測する荷重計測手段と、この荷
重計測手段が計測した荷重に基づいてこの第１の加振機
を制御する第１の制御手段とを設けるとともに、前記第
１の加振機とは異なる方向に配置した加振機の少なくと
も１台を含む第２の加振機に、この第２の加振機の変位
を計測する変位計測手段と、この変位計測手段の出力に
基づいて前記第２の加振機を制御する第２の制御手段と
を設け、さらに、荷重と変位の載荷により変形する供試
体の変形状態を計測する変形状態計測手段と、予め入力
された荷重指令信号に基づいて前記第１の加振機の荷重
指令値を生成する荷重指令値生成手段と、予め入力され
た変位指令信号と前記変形状態計測手段の出力とに基づ
いて前記第２の加振機の変位指令値を生成する変位指令
値生成手段とを設けたことを特徴とする加振装置。And 1. A least one vibrator disposed in the horizontal direction, and at least one vibration exciter arranged vertically, the displacement of the load on the specimen by these vibrator In a loaded vibration exciter, a load measuring means for measuring a load generated in at least one first vibrator among the horizontal vibrator and the vertical vibrator. And a first control means for controlling the first vibrating machine based on the load measured by the load measuring means, and a vibrating machine arranged in a direction different from that of the first vibrating machine. A second vibrating machine including at least one of the above, and a displacement measuring means for measuring a displacement of the second vibrating machine, and the second vibrating machine is controlled based on an output of the displacement measuring means. A second control means is provided , and the sample is deformed by the loading of load and displacement.
Deformation state measuring means for measuring the deformation state of the body, input in advance
The load of the first vibration exciter based on the generated load command signal
Load command value generating means for generating command value
Based on the displacement command signal and the output of the deformation state measuring means.
A displacement command for generating a displacement command value for the second vibrator
A vibrating device comprising a value generating means .
に加え、前記変形状態計測手段の出力に基づいて荷重信
号を生成することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の加振装
置。2. The vibrating device according to claim 1 , wherein the load command value generating means generates a load signal based on the output of the deformation state measuring means in addition to the load command signal.
荷重計測手段を設けるとともに、前記荷重指令値生成手
段は前記第２の荷重計測手段の出力に基づいて荷重信号
を生成することを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれ
かに記載の加振装置。3. A second load measuring means for measuring a load applied to the test piece is provided, and the load command value generating means generates a load signal based on an output of the second load measuring means. The vibrating device according to claim 1 or 2 .
荷重計測手段を設け、前記変位指令値生成手段はこの第
２の荷重計測手段の出力に基づき変位指令信号を生成す
ることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載
の加振装置。4. A second load measuring means for measuring the load applied to the specimen is provided, and the displacement command value generating means generates a displacement command signal based on the output of the second load measuring means. The vibrating device according to any one of claims 1 and 2 , which is characterized.
機であることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の加振装置。5. The vibration device according to claim 4 , wherein the displacement command value generating means is a digital computer.
振機と、垂直方向に配置された少なくとも１台の加振機
とを用いて供試体に変位と荷重を載荷する加振試験方法
において、前記水平加振機と垂直加振機との中の少なく
とも１台の第１の加振機に設けた荷重計測手段が計測し
た荷重に基づいてこの第１の加振機を第１の制御手段が
制御し、前記第１の加振機とは異なる方向に配置した加
振機の少なくとも１台を含む第２の加振機に設けた変位
計測手段の出力に基づいて前記第２の加振機を第２の制
御手段が制御し、さらに、荷重と変位を載荷して変形す
る供試体の変形状態を変形状態計測手段が計測し、予め
入力された荷重指令信号に基づいて前記第１の加振機に
荷重指令値生成手段が荷重を指令し、予め入力された変
位指令信号と前記変形状態計測手段の出力とに基づいて
変位指令値生成手段が前記第２の加振機に変位を指令す
ることを特徴とする加振試験方法。6. At least one unit arranged horizontally.
Shaker and at least one shaker arranged vertically
Vibration test method for loading displacement and load on specimen using
In the case of the above-mentioned horizontal shaker and vertical shaker,
Both are measured by the load measuring means provided on the first vibration exciter.
The first control means controls the first vibration exciter based on the applied load.
The vibration is controlled and arranged in a direction different from that of the first vibration exciter.
Displacement provided on a second shaker including at least one shaker
Based on the output of the measuring means, the second vibration exciter is controlled to the second control.
Controlled by the control means, and further load and displacement are applied to deform
The deformation state measuring means measures the deformation state of the specimen
Based on the input load command signal, the first vibration exciter
The load command value generation means commands the load, and
Based on the position command signal and the output of the deformation state measuring means
Displacement command value generating means commands displacement to the second vibrator.
Vibration test method, characterized in that that.
に加え、前記変形状態計測手段の出力に基づいて荷重信
号を生成することを特徴とする請求項６に記載の加振試
験方法。 7. The load command value generating means is a load command signal.
In addition to the load signal based on the output of the deformation state measuring means,
An excitation test according to claim 6, characterized in that
Test method.
手段が計測し、前記荷重指令値生成手段は前記第２の荷
重計測手段の出力に基づいて荷重信号を生成することを
特徴とする請求項６または７のいずれかに記載の加振試
験方法。 8. The second load measurement for the load applied to the specimen.
Means for measuring, and the load command value generating means for measuring the second load.
To generate a load signal based on the output of the heavy measuring means.
The vibration test according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
Test method.
手段が計測し、前記変位指令値生成手段がこの第２の荷
重計測手段の出力に基づき変位指令信号を生成すること
を特徴とする請求項６または７のいずれかに記載の加振
試験方法。 9. A second load measurement for the load applied to the specimen.
Means for measuring, and the displacement command value generating means for measuring the second load.
Generating a displacement command signal based on the output of the heavy measuring means
The vibration according to claim 6 or 7,
Test method.
値モデルについての振動応答計算結果に基づいて変位指
令信号を生成することを特徴とする請求項６ないし９の
いずれか１項に記載の加振試験方法。 10. The number of structures virtually connected to the specimen.
Displacement finger based on the vibration response calculation results for the value model
An instruction signal is generated to generate an instruction signal.
The vibration test method according to any one of items.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23213597A JP3418667B2 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1997-08-28 | Vibration apparatus and vibration test method using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23213597A JP3418667B2 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1997-08-28 | Vibration apparatus and vibration test method using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1172413A JPH1172413A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
| JP3418667B2 true JP3418667B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 |
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ID=16934550
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23213597A Expired - Fee Related JP3418667B2 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1997-08-28 | Vibration apparatus and vibration test method using the same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3418667B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100502430B1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-07-21 | 주식회사 네스지오 | Vibration Direction Conversion Device and Vibration Testing Apparatus Equipped with It |
| CN106802224A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-06 | 杭州邦威机电控制工程有限公司 | A kind of modularization electro-hydraulic servo vertical load loading device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1172413A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
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