JP3414032B2 - Case hardened steel with high hot ductility - Google Patents

Case hardened steel with high hot ductility

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Publication number
JP3414032B2
JP3414032B2 JP04897095A JP4897095A JP3414032B2 JP 3414032 B2 JP3414032 B2 JP 3414032B2 JP 04897095 A JP04897095 A JP 04897095A JP 4897095 A JP4897095 A JP 4897095A JP 3414032 B2 JP3414032 B2 JP 3414032B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
steel
hot ductility
content
toughness
forging
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JP04897095A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH08218147A (en
Inventor
八寿男 黒川
和彦 西田
芳彦 鎌田
光男 宇野
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、浸炭処理直後の熱間
鍛造において良好な熱間延性を示し、かつ耐疲労性,耐
摩耗性,靱性等の優れた製品を安定に得ることができる
肌焼鋼に関するものである。 【0002】 【従来技術とその課題】従来、耐摩耗性等が要求される
機械構造用鋼部品(例えば歯車等)は、JISで規定さ
れるSCM420,SCr420,SMn420等の素
材を熱間鍛造及び冷間鍛造により所定形状に成形した
後、浸炭焼入・焼戻の処理を施して製造するのが一般的
であった。 【0003】しかし、この方法では、成形の後で浸炭焼
入が行われるので焼入歪によって精度に狂いが生じやす
く、そのため今日要求されている精密歯車等の製造方法
としては適切なものであると言えなかった。また、歯車
等では浸炭層の厚さが厚くなるほど靱性は劣化するが、
例えば素材から歯車を加工した後に浸炭処理を施すとそ
の歯先部分と歯元部分に同様厚さの浸炭層が形成される
ので、強靱性が必要な歯元部分でも浸炭層厚さが歯先同
様に厚くなってしまい、今日の厳しい使用環境に十分耐
え得る強靱性を具備させるのは非常に困難であった。 【0004】そこで、機械構造用部品の更なる高精度
化,強靱化の要求に応えるため、まず浸炭処理を施し、
その直後に熱間鍛造により成形を行うという“浸炭鍛造
法”が注目されるようになった。この浸炭鍛造法は、浸
炭処理後に成形を行うので、例えば歯車を製造する場合
には鍛造によって歯元部分の浸炭層厚さを薄くすること
が可能であり、トルクがかかる歯元の強靱化に最適であ
ると考えられる。 【0005】しかしながら、上記浸炭鍛造法では浸炭処
理後に熱間鍛造が行われるため、この種の用途に従来か
ら適用されているSCM420,SCr420,SMn
420等の鋼を素材とした場合には鍛造時に熱間割れを
発生しやすいという問題があった。 【0006】このようなことから、本発明が目的とした
のは、浸炭処理後に熱間鍛造を施した場合にも良好な熱
間延性を示し、かつ耐疲労性,耐摩耗性,靱性等の優れ
た製品を安定して得ることができるところの、浸炭鍛造
素材として好適な高熱間延性を有する肌焼鋼を提供する
ことである。 【0007】 【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者等は、上記目的
を達成すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、次に示すような知
見を得ることができた。 (a) 機械構造用肌焼鋼においてMnが焼入性向上効果を
発揮することは知られているが、その他に熱間延性の改
善にも有効であり、取り分けBとの複合添加によって鋼
の熱間延性は目立って向上する。 (b) 特に、MnとBの含有量がS含有量との関係で下記
式を満たす如くに調整されていると熱間延性改善効果は
著しく顕著となり、浸炭鍛造時の熱間割れ発生率が極め
て少なくなる。 [%Mn]+10×[%B]≧ 6×[%S] (以降、 成分割合を表す%は重量%とする) (c) しかも、C,Si,Cr,Nの調整に加えて適量のTi
添加を行うと、非常に優れた靱性の確保が可能となり、
浸炭鍛造法で製造された製品の信頼性は一段と向上す
る。 【0008】本発明は、上記知見事項等に基づいてなさ
れたものであり、 「肌焼鋼を、C:0.10〜0.30%, Si:0.05〜0.50
%, Mn:0.45〜2.00%,Cr:0.05〜0.80%,
S: 0.100%以下, Mo:0.50%以下,B:0.0005
〜0.0050%, Ti:0.01〜0.10%, N:0.0100%以下
を含有すると共に残部Fe及び不可避的不純物から成り、
かつ [%Mn]+10×[%B]≧ 6×[%S] を満足する如き構成とすることによって、 優れた熱間延
性と靱性を付与せしめた点」に大きな特徴を有してい
る。 【0009】 【作用】次に、本発明において肌焼鋼の成分組成を前記
の如くに限定した理由を各成分の作用と共に説明する。 a) C Cは鋼の静的強度を確保するために必要な成分である
が、その含有量が0.10%未満であると機械構造用鋼とし
て必要な静的強度を確保することができず、一方0.30%
を超えて含有させると靱性に悪影響が及ぶようになる。
従って、C含有量は0.10〜0.30%と定めた。 【0010】b) Si Siは、鋼の焼入性を向上させて静的強度を上昇させる作
用のほか、高温での表面酸化を抑制する作用を有してい
るが、その含有量が0.05%未満では高温での耐表面酸化
性が劣化すると共に、必要な静的強度を確保できなくな
り、一方、0.50%を超えて含有させると靱性劣化を招く
ようになる。従って、Si含有量は0.05〜0.50%と定め
た。 【0011】c) Mn Mnは、鋼の焼入性向上作用に加えて熱間延性を改善する
重要な作用を発揮する成分である。特に、Bと複合で添
加し、かつ [%Mn]+10×[%B]≧ 6×[%S] なる条件を満たすように含有させた場合には鋼の熱間延
性が著しく向上する。しかし、Mn含有量が0.45%未満で
は焼入性向上効果が不充分となり、一方、2.00%を超え
て含有させるとMn偏析を起こして熱間延性が低下するこ
とから、Mn含有量は0.45〜2.00%と定めた。 【0012】d) S Sは鋼の被削性向上に重要な元素であり、任意に積極添
加することができる。但し、 0.100%を超えて含有させ
ると鋼の熱間延性が著しく低下することから、S含有量
は 0.100%以下と定めた。 【0013】e) Cr Crは鋼の焼入性向上に有用な成分であると同時に、浸炭
時にCと結合して複合炭化物を形成し、耐摩耗性向上に
大きく寄与する成分でもある。しかし、その含有量が0.
05%未満では、十分な焼入性を確保できなくなって硬度
低下を来たし、一方、0.80%を超えて含有させると靱性
の低下を招く。従って、Cr含有量は0.05〜0.80%と定め
た。 【0014】f) Mo Moも鋼の焼入性向上に有用であるほか、焼戻時にMo炭化
物を形成し焼戻軟化抵抗を高めて面圧疲労強度に係わる
耐ピッチング寿命の向上に寄与するので、必要に応じて
積極添加を行っても良いが、0.50%を超えて含有させて
もその効果は飽和し、また経済性を損なうことになる。
従って、Mo含有量の上限を0.50%と定めた。 【0015】g) B BはMnと協働して熱間延性を向上させるのに有効な元素
であり、またNとBNを形成して被削性を向上させると
いう福次的作用も有している。しかし、B含有量が0.00
05%であったり、Mn含有量と共に [%Mn]+10×[%B]≧ 6×[%S] なる条件を満たさない場合には所望する熱間延性向上効
果を確保できなくなる。一方、0.0050%を超えてBを含
有させても熱間延性の更なる向上効果が得られない上、
コスト面で不利となる。従って、B含有量は0.0005〜0.
0050%の範囲であって、かつ上記式を満足する値と定め
た。 【0016】h) Ti 本発明に係る成分系の鋼においては、適量のTi添加は鋼
の靱性向上に著しい効果を発揮する。この靱性向上効果
は結晶粒径の微細化作用を通じてもたらされるものと考
えられる。しかし、その含有量が0.01%未満であると所
望の靱性向上効果を確保できず、一方、0.10%を超えて
Tiを含有させても靱性向上効果が飽和して経済性を損な
うようになることから、Ti含有量は0.01〜0.10%と定め
た。 【0017】i) N Nは、BとBNを形成して鋼の被削性を向上させる成分
であるが、0.0100%を超えて含有させると靱性の低下を
招くことから、N含有量の上限を0.0100%と定めた。 【0018】続いて、本発明の効果を実施例により具体
的に説明する。 【実施例】まず、真空溶解によって表1及び表2に示す
化学組成の鋼を各々150kgずつ溶製し、脱水素処理を
行って鋳造した後、1000℃以上の温度下で直径が3
0mmの丸棒材に鍛造した。 【0019】 【表1】【0020】 【表2】【0021】そして、これらの丸棒材から「直径8mm×
長さ12mm」の熱間鍛造試験用試験片(丸棒状試験片)を
切り出し、熱間鍛造試験を行った。なお、熱間鍛造試験
は図1に示すヒ−トパタ−ンで実施した。即ち、試験片
を真空中において1200℃で5分間加熱した後、圧縮
変形により70%の変形を与え、この時の“割れ発生の
有無”を調査した。そして、熱間延性は、5個の試験片
中の割れが発生した試験片の個数により次の4段階に評
価した。 熱間延性評価基準(熱間鍛造試験時に割れた個数で評
価) ×…試験片5個中、5個全てに割れ発生, △…試験片5個中、4〜3個に割れ発生, ○…試験片5個中、2〜1個に割れ発生, ◎…試験片5個中、割れ発生なし。 この評価結果を表3に示す。 【0022】 【表3】 【0023】なお、“浸炭鍛造法”の素材には当然のこ
とながら機械構造用鋼として十分に満足できる強度と衝
撃特性も必要であり、実績からして「引張強さ:100
0N/mm2以上」,「衝撃値:80 J/cm2以上」を満足す
ることが望まれる。それ故、上記熱間鍛造試験とは別
に、前記各丸棒材を925℃に30分加熱した後水焼入
し、更に180℃で1時間の焼戻を行った材料から、J
IS4号引張試験片とJIS3号シャルピ−試験片を切
り出し、引張強さ及び衝撃値を調査した。この結果も前
記表3に併せて示す。 【0024】表3に示される結果からも、本発明に係る
鋼は、機械構造用鋼として十分に優れた強度と靱性を有
すると共に、優れた熱間延性を示し、浸炭処理直後に熱
間鍛造が行われる“浸炭鍛造法”の素材として満足でき
る特性を備えていることが分かる。 【0025】 【効果の総括】以上に説明した如く、この発明によれ
ば、浸炭鍛造法への適用が可能な熱間延性が良好で、強
度,靱性にも優れた肌焼鋼を提供することができるな
ど、産業上有用な効果がもたらされる。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention shows good hot ductility in hot forging immediately after carburizing, and has excellent fatigue resistance, wear resistance, toughness and the like. To a case hardened steel from which a stable product can be obtained. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, steel parts for mechanical structures (for example, gears) required to have abrasion resistance and the like are made of a material such as SCM420, SCr420, and SMn420 specified by JIS by hot forging. In general, the steel sheet is formed into a predetermined shape by cold forging and then subjected to carburizing, quenching and tempering. However, in this method, since carburizing and quenching are performed after molding, the accuracy tends to be deviated due to quenching distortion, and therefore, this method is appropriate as a manufacturing method of precision gears and the like required today. I couldn't say. In gears and the like, the toughness decreases as the thickness of the carburized layer increases,
For example, if a carburizing treatment is performed after processing a gear from a material, a carburized layer of the same thickness is formed on the tooth tip and the tooth root, so that the carburized layer thickness of the tooth root where the toughness is required is reduced. Similarly, it has become very thick, and it has been very difficult to provide sufficient toughness to withstand today's severe use environment. [0004] Therefore, in order to meet the demand for higher precision and toughness of parts for machine structure, carburizing treatment is first performed.
Immediately thereafter, the “carburizing forging method” of forming by hot forging has attracted attention. In this carburizing forging method, since molding is performed after carburizing, for example, in the case of manufacturing gears, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the carburized layer at the root portion by forging, and toughen the tooth root where torque is applied. Deemed optimal. [0005] However, in the carburizing forging method, hot forging is performed after carburizing treatment, so that SCM420, SCr420, and SMn which have been conventionally used for this type of application are used.
When steel such as 420 is used as a material, there is a problem that hot cracking is easily generated during forging. [0006] In view of the above, the object of the present invention is to exhibit good hot ductility even when hot forging is performed after carburizing treatment, and to provide fatigue resistance, wear resistance, toughness and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a case hardened steel having high hot ductility suitable as a carburized forging material, which can stably obtain an excellent product. Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have obtained the following findings. (a) Although it is known that Mn exerts the effect of improving hardenability in case hardening steel for machine structures, it is also effective in improving hot ductility. Hot ductility is significantly improved. (b) In particular, when the contents of Mn and B are adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula in relation to the S content, the effect of improving hot ductility becomes remarkably remarkable, and the rate of occurrence of hot cracking during carburizing forging is reduced. Extremely low. [% Mn] + 10 × [% B] ≧ 6 × [% S] (Hereinafter,% representing the component ratio will be referred to as “% by weight”) (c) In addition to adjusting C, Si, Cr and N Ti
With the addition, it is possible to ensure very excellent toughness,
The reliability of products manufactured by carburizing forging is further improved. The present invention has been made based on the above findings and the like. "The case hardening steel is C: 0.10 to 0.30%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50.
%, Mn: 0.45 to 2.00%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.80%,
S: 0.100% or less, Mo: 0.50% or less, B: 0.0005
~ 0.0050%, Ti: 0.01 ~ 0.10%, N: 0.0100% or less, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities,
In addition, by providing a structure that satisfies [% Mn] + 10 × [% B] ≧ 6 × [% S], excellent hot ductility and toughness are imparted ”. Next, the reason why the component composition of the case hardening steel in the present invention is limited as described above will be explained together with the operation of each component. a) C C is a component necessary to secure the static strength of the steel, but if its content is less than 0.10%, the static strength required for steel for machine structural use cannot be secured, 0.30%
If the content exceeds 0.005%, the toughness is adversely affected.
Therefore, the C content was determined to be 0.10 to 0.30%. B) Si In addition to the effect of improving the hardenability of steel and increasing the static strength, Si has the effect of suppressing surface oxidation at high temperatures. If it is less than 10%, the surface oxidation resistance at high temperatures deteriorates, and the required static strength cannot be secured. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.50%, the toughness deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content was determined to be 0.05 to 0.50%. C) Mn Mn is a component that exerts an important function of improving hot ductility in addition to a function of improving the hardenability of steel. In particular, when added in a composite with B and contained so as to satisfy the following condition: [% Mn] + 10 × [% B] ≧ 6 × [% S], the hot ductility of steel is remarkably improved. However, if the Mn content is less than 0.45%, the effect of improving the hardenability becomes insufficient, while if the Mn content exceeds 2.00%, Mn segregation occurs and the hot ductility is reduced. 2.00%. D) SS S is an important element for improving the machinability of steel and can be arbitrarily and positively added. However, if the content exceeds 0.100%, the hot ductility of the steel is significantly reduced, so the S content is set to 0.100% or less. E) Cr Cr is a component that is useful for improving the hardenability of steel, and is also a component that combines with C during carburization to form a composite carbide and greatly contributes to improving wear resistance. However, its content is 0.
If the content is less than 05%, sufficient hardenability cannot be ensured, resulting in a decrease in hardness. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.80%, toughness is reduced. Therefore, the Cr content was determined to be 0.05 to 0.80%. F) Mo Mo is also useful for improving the hardenability of steel, and also forms Mo carbide at the time of tempering to increase tempering softening resistance and contribute to the improvement of pitting life related to surface pressure fatigue strength. If necessary, the positive addition may be performed, but if the content exceeds 0.50%, the effect is saturated and the economy is impaired.
Therefore, the upper limit of the Mo content is set to 0.50%. G) BB B is an element effective for improving hot ductility in cooperation with Mn, and also has a secondary effect of forming N and BN to improve machinability. ing. However, when the B content is 0.00
If it is 05% or does not satisfy the condition of [% Mn] + 10 × [% B] ≧ 6 × [% S] together with the Mn content, the desired effect of improving hot ductility cannot be secured. On the other hand, even if the content of B exceeds 0.0050%, the effect of further improving hot ductility cannot be obtained, and
This is disadvantageous in cost. Therefore, the B content is 0.0005-0.
The value was determined to be in the range of 0050% and satisfying the above expression. H) Ti In the component steel according to the present invention, the addition of an appropriate amount of Ti has a remarkable effect on improving the toughness of the steel. It is considered that the effect of improving the toughness is brought about through the action of reducing the crystal grain size. However, if the content is less than 0.01%, the desired toughness-improving effect cannot be secured, while the content exceeds 0.10%.
Even if Ti is contained, the effect of improving the toughness is saturated and the economy is impaired, so the Ti content is set to 0.01 to 0.10%. I) NN is a component that improves the machinability of steel by forming B and BN. However, if the content exceeds 0.0100%, the toughness is reduced. Was determined to be 0.0100%. Next, the effects of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. EXAMPLE First, 150 kg of each steel having the chemical composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 was melted by vacuum melting, subjected to dehydrogenation treatment, and then cast.
Forged into a 0 mm round bar. [Table 1] [Table 2] Then, from these round bars, "diameter 8 mm ×
A hot forging test specimen (round bar-shaped test specimen) having a length of 12 mm was cut out and subjected to a hot forging test. The hot forging test was carried out with a heat pattern shown in FIG. That is, the test piece was heated in a vacuum at 1200 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then subjected to 70% deformation by compression deformation, and the “presence or absence of cracking” at this time was examined. The hot ductility was evaluated in the following four stages based on the number of cracked test pieces among the five test pieces. Evaluation criteria for hot ductility (evaluated by the number of cracks during hot forging test) ×: cracks occurred in all 5 of 5 test pieces, △: cracks occurred in 4 to 3 of 5 test pieces, ○… Cracking occurred in 2 to 1 out of 5 test pieces,…: No cracking occurred in 5 test pieces. Table 3 shows the evaluation results. [Table 3] It should be noted that the material of the "carburized forging method" naturally needs to have strength and impact characteristics that are sufficiently satisfactory as steel for machine structural use.
0 N / mm 2 or more ”and“ impact value: 80 J / cm 2 or more ”. Therefore, apart from the above hot forging test, each of the round bars was heated to 925 ° C. for 30 minutes, then water-quenched, and further tempered at 180 ° C. for 1 hour.
IS4 tensile test specimens and JIS No. 3 Charpy test specimens were cut out and investigated for tensile strength and impact value. The results are also shown in Table 3 above. From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the steel according to the present invention has sufficiently high strength and toughness as a steel for machine structural use, and also has excellent hot ductility, and is hot forged immediately after carburizing. It can be seen that the material has satisfactory characteristics as a material for the "carburizing forging" in which the process is performed. As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a case hardening steel which is applicable to the carburizing forging method, has good hot ductility, and is excellent in strength and toughness. And other industrially useful effects.

【図面の簡単な説明】 【図1】実施例で行った熱間鍛造試験のヒ−トパタ−ン
を示す図である。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a heat pattern of a hot forging test performed in Examples.

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 宇野 光男 福岡県北九州市小倉北区許斐町1番地 住友金属工業株式会社小倉製鉄所内 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C22C 38/00 - 38/60 Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuo Uno 1 Konomi-cho, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Kokura Works (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C22C 38/00 -38/60

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 重量割合にてC:0.10〜0.30%, S
i:0.05〜0.50%, Mn:0.45〜2.00%,Cr:0.05〜
0.80%, S: 0.100%以下, Mo:0.50%以下,
B:0.0005〜0.0050%, Ti:0.01〜0.10%, N:0.
0100%以下を含有すると共に残部Fe及び不可避的不純物
から成り、かつ [%Mn]+10×[%B]≧ 6×[%S] を満足することを特徴とする肌焼鋼。
(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] C: 0.10 to 0.30% by weight, S
i: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.45 to 2.00%, Cr: 0.05 to
0.80%, S: 0.100% or less, Mo: 0.50% or less,
B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.10%, N: 0.
A case hardening steel containing 0100% or less, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and satisfying [% Mn] + 10 × [% B] ≧ 6 × [% S].
JP04897095A 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Case hardened steel with high hot ductility Ceased JP3414032B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP04897095A JP3414032B2 (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Case hardened steel with high hot ductility

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08218147A JPH08218147A (en) 1996-08-27
JP3414032B2 true JP3414032B2 (en) 2003-06-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108396251A (en) * 2017-02-05 2018-08-14 鞍钢股份有限公司 A kind of aviation alloy structure hot rolled steel plate and its production method

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