JP3345630B2 - Biodegradable resin composition - Google Patents

Biodegradable resin composition

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Publication number
JP3345630B2
JP3345630B2 JP27062192A JP27062192A JP3345630B2 JP 3345630 B2 JP3345630 B2 JP 3345630B2 JP 27062192 A JP27062192 A JP 27062192A JP 27062192 A JP27062192 A JP 27062192A JP 3345630 B2 JP3345630 B2 JP 3345630B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
rubber
weight
biodegradable resin
aliphatic polyester
biodegradable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP27062192A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH06116444A (en
Inventor
豊 常盤
俊也 矢澤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Original Assignee
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP27062192A priority Critical patent/JP3345630B2/en
Publication of JPH06116444A publication Critical patent/JPH06116444A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3345630B2 publication Critical patent/JP3345630B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、微生物により分解さ
れ、地球環境及び生物環境的に優れた樹脂材料を提供す
ることができる生物分解性樹脂組成物に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biodegradable resin composition which is decomposed by microorganisms and can provide a resin material excellent in global environment and biological environment.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般にプラスチックは、その強度等の物
理的性質を向上させるために、種々開発がなされいる。
そのため、ほとんどのプラスチック成形品は、生物分解
性が全くなく、しかも自然環境中に散乱したプラスチッ
ク廃棄物は、美観を損ねるだけでなく、野生生物にも悪
影響を与え、地球環境及び生物環境の破壊原因の一因と
して注目を集めている。このようなプラスチック廃棄物
を処理するために、焼却する方法等が実施されている
が、燃焼の際の高熱や有害ガス及び残灰等の二次汚染を
防止するための施設を設置する必要があり、多額のコス
トを要するという問題がある。
2. Description of the Related Art In general, various plastics have been developed in order to improve physical properties such as strength.
Therefore, most plastic molded products are not biodegradable at all, and plastic waste scattered in the natural environment not only impairs aesthetics but also has an adverse effect on wildlife, destroying the global environment and biological environment. It is drawing attention as one of the causes. In order to treat such plastic waste, incineration methods have been implemented, but it is necessary to install facilities to prevent secondary pollution such as high heat during combustion and harmful gases and residual ash. There is a problem that a large amount of cost is required.

【0003】そこで、最近生物分解性プラスチック、生
物崩壊性プラスチック及び光分解性プラスチック等の地
球環境及び生物環境を考慮したプラスチックの開発が勧
められている。例えば、生物分解性プラスチックとして
は、微生物生産型、天然高分子型、合成高分子型、天然
−合成高分子複合型が知られている。該微生物生産型と
しては、例えば微生物貯蔵物質であるポリヒドロキシ酪
酸(PHB)やその誘導体(PHB及びヒドロキシ吉草
酸(PHV)の共重合体)等が知られており、具体的に
は商品名「バイオポール」(ICI社製)等が市販され
ているが、非常に高価であるのが実状である。
[0003] Therefore, development of plastics in consideration of the global environment and biological environment, such as biodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, and photodegradable plastics, has recently been recommended. For example, as biodegradable plastics, a microorganism-producing type, a natural polymer type, a synthetic polymer type, and a natural-synthetic polymer composite type are known. As the microorganism producing type, for example, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and its derivative (a copolymer of PHB and hydroxyvaleric acid (PHV)), which are microorganism storage substances, are known. "Biopol" (manufactured by ICI) and the like are commercially available, but are actually very expensive.

【0004】また天然高分子型としては、ニトロセルロ
ース、アセチルセルロース、グラフト化セルロース等の
天然高分子を化学修飾したプラスチックやセルロース、
デンプン等を物理的に加工したプラスチック等が知られ
ているが、どの程度まで生物分解できるかはいまだ検討
を有する段階である。
[0004] Examples of the natural polymer type include plastics and cellulose obtained by chemically modifying natural polymers such as nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose, and grafted cellulose.
Plastics and the like obtained by physically processing starch and the like are known, but the extent to which biodegradation can be achieved is still under investigation.

【0005】更に合成高分子型としては、脂肪族ポリエ
ステル、脂肪族ポリエステルポリアミド共重合体(CP
AE)等が知られており、特に合成された脂肪族ポリエ
ステルの場合には、微生物によって完全に分解されるこ
とが報告されている(Y.Tokiwa,et al.:J.Ferment.Tech
nol.,54,603(1976))。現在このような高分子量の脂肪族
ポリエステルとしては、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)
が工業的に生産されているが、生産量は少なく、従って
コスト的に高く、しかも軟化点が低く、耐熱性や機械的
強度等の物性も劣るため、汎用プラスチックに代わっ
て、容器、フィルム、繊維等の実用的な広い用途への利
用には及んでいないのが実状である。またCPAEは、
脂肪族ポリエステルにポリアミドを多数交互に導入した
ものであり、脂肪族ポリエステルに比して融点や引張強
度等の物性が改善されているものの、ポリアミド量が増
加するにしたがって生物分解性が低下し、更に現在工業
生産量が少なくコスト的に極めて高いという問題があ
る。
Further, as the synthetic high molecular type, there are aliphatic polyester and aliphatic polyester polyamide copolymer (CP).
AE) and the like, and it has been reported that especially in the case of a synthesized aliphatic polyester, it is completely degraded by microorganisms (Y. Tokiwa, et al .: J. Ferment. Tech.).
nol., 54, 603 (1976)). Currently, such high molecular weight aliphatic polyesters include polycaprolactone (PCL).
Is produced industrially, but the production volume is low, and therefore the cost is high, and the softening point is low and the physical properties such as heat resistance and mechanical strength are inferior. Therefore, containers, films, The fact is that it has not been applied to practical wide applications such as fibers. CPAE also
A large number of polyamides are alternately introduced into the aliphatic polyester, and although the physical properties such as melting point and tensile strength are improved as compared to the aliphatic polyester, the biodegradability decreases as the amount of polyamide increases, Furthermore, there is a problem that the industrial production amount is small at present and the cost is extremely high.

【0006】更にまた、天然−合成高分子複合型として
は、脂肪族ポリエステルの物理化学的特性及び経済性を
改善するために、PCLに微生物生産ポリエステル又は
天然高分子を組み合わせたプラスチック等が開発されて
おり、例えばPCLに生デンプンを40〜85重量%の
範囲で均一に分散させた生物分解性プラスチックが報告
されており、PCL単独に比して曲げ強度が向上し、デ
ンプンの熱変性も生じず、しかも土壌中6月間で約半分
程度の重量まで分解されることが知られている。
[0006] Furthermore, as the natural-synthetic polymer composite type, plastics in which PCL is combined with a microorganism-produced polyester or a natural polymer have been developed in order to improve the physicochemical properties and economic efficiency of aliphatic polyester. For example, a biodegradable plastic in which raw starch is uniformly dispersed in a range of 40 to 85% by weight in PCL has been reported. The flexural strength is improved as compared with PCL alone, and heat denaturation of starch also occurs. And it is known that it is decomposed to about half the weight in soil for 6 months.

【0007】しかしながら、デンプンを高配合した生物
分解性プラスチックは、伸びが減少し、加工性が劣る。
また水分管理が必要なため汎用プラスチックとしては使
用し難い等の問題がある。
[0007] However, biodegradable plastics containing a high content of starch have reduced elongation and poor processability.
In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to use as a general-purpose plastic because moisture management is required.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、生物
分解性が良好であり、且つ物性的にも優れた生物分解性
樹脂を得ることができる生物分解性樹脂組成物を提供す
ることにある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable resin composition which has good biodegradability and can obtain a biodegradable resin having excellent physical properties. is there.

【0009】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明によれば、ゴム
10〜70重量%と、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂30〜9
0重量%と、前記ゴム及び脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂の合
計量100重量部に対して架橋剤0.1〜5重量部とを
配合することを特徴とする生物分解性樹脂組成物が提供
される。
According to the present invention, there is provided a rubber
10 to 70% by weight, and aliphatic polyester resin 30 to 9
A biodegradable resin composition is provided, wherein 0% by weight and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the rubber and the aliphatic polyester resin.

【0010】以下本発明を更に詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

【0011】本発明において用いるゴムとしては、例え
ばジエン系合成ゴム、オレフィン系合成ゴム、オレフィ
ン系合成ゴム、ウレタンゴム、シリコンゴム、フッ素ゴ
ム等の合成ゴム、天然ゴム又はこれらの混合物等を挙げ
ることができ、特に生物分解性が良好な天然ゴムを用い
るのが好ましい。また合成ゴムの場合には、一般に微生
物分解が可能であることが知られている分子量500〜
600程度のものを使用するのが好ましい。
Examples of the rubber used in the present invention include synthetic rubbers such as diene-based synthetic rubber, olefin-based synthetic rubber, olefin-based synthetic rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, natural rubber, and mixtures thereof. It is particularly preferable to use natural rubber having good biodegradability. In the case of synthetic rubber, a molecular weight of 500 to 500, which is generally known to be capable of microbial degradation, is used.
It is preferable to use about 600.

【0012】前記ゴムの配合量はゴム脂肪族ポリエステ
ル樹脂の合計量に対して10〜70重量%、好ましくは
10〜40重量%である。ゴムが70重量%を超える場
合には、得られる生物分解性樹脂成形品自体の生物分解
性が低下し本来の目的が鉄製できない。
The compounding amount of the rubber is 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 70% by weight, based on the total amount of the rubber aliphatic polyester resin.
10 to 40% by weight. When the rubber content exceeds 70% by weight, the biodegradability of the obtained biodegradable resin molded product itself is reduced, and the original purpose cannot be made of iron.

【0013】本発明において、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂
としては、例えばポリカプロラクトン、ポリエチレンア
ジペート、ポリブチレンサクシネート等の脂肪族ポリエ
ステル;ポリエチレンフマレート等の不飽和脂肪族ポリ
エステル;各種のポリエステル−ナイロン共重合体又は
これらの混合物等を挙げることができ、特に分子量10
00〜100000の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂を用いる
のが好ましい。
In the present invention, examples of the aliphatic polyester resin include aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone, polyethylene adipate and polybutylene succinate; unsaturated aliphatic polyesters such as polyethylene fumarate; various polyester-nylon copolymers Or a mixture thereof, and particularly, a molecular weight of 10
It is preferable to use from 100 to 100,000 aliphatic polyester resins.

【0014】前記脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂の配合割合
は、ゴム及び脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂の合計量に対して
30〜90重量%、好ましくは60〜90重量%の範囲
である。脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂が90重量%を超える
場合には、得られる生物分解性樹脂成形品自体の軟化点
が低下する。
The mixing ratio of the aliphatic polyester resin is in the range of 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the rubber and the aliphatic polyester resin. When the content of the aliphatic polyester resin exceeds 90% by weight, the softening point of the obtained biodegradable resin molded product itself is lowered.

【0015】本発明において架橋剤としては、硫黄、テ
トラメチルチウラムサルファイド、キノンジオキシム、
ベンゾチアゾールジスルフィド、有機過酸化物、ジアミ
ノ化合物、金属酸化物等を好ましく挙げることができ
る。
In the present invention, the crosslinking agent may be sulfur, tetramethylthiuram sulfide, quinone dioxime,
Benzothiazole disulfide, organic peroxides, diamino compounds, metal oxides and the like can be preferably mentioned.

【0016】前記架橋剤の配合量は、得られる生物分解
性樹脂自体の架橋密度が、生物分解性の程度に影響を及
ぼすので、前記ゴム及び脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂の合計
量100重量部に対して0.1〜5重量部の範囲とする
必要があり、この範囲内において配合量を変えることに
より、得られる生物分解性樹脂成形品の生物分解性を自
由に制御することができる。
The amount of the cross-linking agent is determined by the cross-linking density of the obtained biodegradable resin itself, which affects the degree of biodegradability. It is necessary to be in the range of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, and by changing the amount in this range, the biodegradability of the obtained biodegradable resin molded product can be freely controlled.

【0017】本発明においては、得られる生物分解性樹
脂成形品に所望の性質を付与するために、前記必須成分
以外に、例えば耐光性を付与する紫外線安定剤、カーボ
ンブラック等、またインフレート成形用に通常配合され
る殺菌剤、酸化防止剤、充填剤、安定剤、可塑剤等を配
合することもできる。
In the present invention, in order to impart desired properties to the obtained biodegradable resin molded product, in addition to the above essential components, for example, an ultraviolet stabilizer for imparting light resistance, carbon black, etc. A bactericide, an antioxidant, a filler, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, and the like, which are usually blended for use, can also be blended.

【0018】本発明の組成物を用いて、生物分解性樹脂
成形品を調製するには、例えば加熱した押出成形機、カ
レンダー成形機等により混合し、フィルム状、シート状
等の所望の形状に成形することができる。この際成形条
件は、各成分の配合量、特に架橋剤の量に応じて適宜選
択することができる。
In order to prepare a biodegradable resin molded article using the composition of the present invention, for example, it is mixed with a heated extruder, a calendering machine or the like, and formed into a desired shape such as a film or a sheet. Can be molded. At this time, the molding conditions can be appropriately selected according to the compounding amounts of the respective components, particularly the amounts of the crosslinking agents.

【0019】本発明の組成物より得られる生物分解性樹
脂成形品は、例えばリパーゼ、リパーゼ生産菌、リパー
ゼ含有物等により分解され、通常土壌等の自然環境中に
おいて生物分解する。また一般的に天然ゴムを分解する
ノカルディア(Nocardia)属の分解菌835A等を用いる
ことにより、生物分解性を促進することができる。
The biodegradable resin molded product obtained from the composition of the present invention is decomposed by, for example, lipase, lipase-producing bacteria, lipase-containing substances, etc., and usually biodegrades in a natural environment such as soil. In general, biodegradability can be promoted by using a degrading bacterium 835A of the genus Nocardia which degrades natural rubber.

【0020】[0020]

【発明の効果】本発明の生物分解性樹脂組成物は、ゴ
ム、脂肪酸ポリエステル樹脂及び架橋剤を特定の配合割
合で配合しているので、得られる生物分解性樹脂成形品
の生物分解性に優れ、更には軟化点、伸度等の物性的に
も良好で、しかも従来の生物分解性樹脂に比して安価に
提供することができる。従って、地球環境及び生物環境
等の破壊を引き起こすことのない材料として広範囲な分
野に応用可能である。
The biodegradable resin composition of the present invention contains rubber, a fatty acid polyester resin and a cross-linking agent in a specific mixing ratio, so that the resulting biodegradable resin molded article has excellent biodegradability. Further, it can be provided with good physical properties such as softening point and elongation, and at a lower cost than conventional biodegradable resins. Therefore, it can be applied to a wide range of fields as a material that does not cause destruction of the global environment and biological environment.

【0021】[0021]

【実施例】以下本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に詳
細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものでは
ない。
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

【0022】[0022]

【実施例1】ロールミル(東洋精機株式会社製)を用い
て天然ゴム10gを90〜100℃で10分間素練りし
た後、ポリカプロラクトン10g及び商品名「パークミ
ルD」(日本油脂株式会社製、粉体、117℃/半減
期)の有機過酸化物0.02gを添加して更に10分間
混練して生物分解性樹脂組成物を調製した。次いで得ら
れた組成物を、混練押出機(米国CSI社製、商品名
「CS−194A型」)を用いて150℃、150kg
/cm2、20分間の条件下ブレンド体とし、該ブレン
ド体をプレス機(東洋精機製)を用いて110℃で厚さ
0.5mmのフィルムに成形した。このフィルムから引
張試験用試料を作成し、引張試験機(島津製作所製、商
品名「オートグラフA−J−D500型」)により破壊
強度及び破壊伸度を測定した。またフィルムの軟化点も
測定した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
Example 1 10 g of natural rubber was masticated at 90 to 100 ° C. for 10 minutes using a roll mill (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), and then 10 g of polycaprolactone and a trade name “Park Mill D” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) (117 ° C./half-life), and kneaded for another 10 minutes to prepare a biodegradable resin composition. Next, the obtained composition was kneaded at 150 ° C. and 150 kg using a kneading extruder (trade name “CS-194A” manufactured by CSI, USA).
/ Cm 2 for 20 minutes to form a blend, and the blend was formed into a 0.5 mm thick film at 110 ° C. using a press machine (manufactured by Toyo Seiki). A sample for a tensile test was prepared from this film, and the breaking strength and the breaking elongation were measured by a tensile tester (trade name “Autograph AJ-D500” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The softening point of the film was also measured. Table 1 shows the results.

【0023】次に、前記ブレンド体を、ポリカプロラク
トン量が100mgとなるように、薄フィルム状の試験
片に成形した。次いで該試験片に、0.2Mリン酸緩衝
液(pH7.0)2ml、0.1重量%プライサーフ
(商品名、第一工業製薬株式会社、界面活性剤)1.0
ml及び分解酵素リパーゼ液(リゾプスアルヒザス(Rhi
zopus arrhizus)(シグマ社製、40万ユニット:0.
02Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)6ml)0.3ml
を加え、更に水で全量を20mlに調整した後、30
℃、16時間反応させ、全有機炭素量(TOC)を測定
し、試験片の生物分解性を測定した。その結果を表1に
示す。尚、TOCは、分解酵素を加えた試料片のTOC
から分解酵素を加えなかった試料片のTOCの差を求め
その値とした。
Next, the above-mentioned blend was formed into a thin film test piece so that the amount of polycaprolactone became 100 mg. Next, 2 ml of a 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 0.1% by weight of Plysurf (trade name, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., surfactant) were added to the test piece.
ml and decomposing enzyme lipase solution (Rhizopus alhizas (Rhi
zopus arrhizus) (manufactured by Sigma, 400,000 units: 0.
0.3 ml of 02M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) 6 ml)
And further adjust the total volume to 20 ml with water.
The reaction was carried out at 16 ° C. for 16 hours, the total organic carbon content (TOC) was measured, and the biodegradability of the test piece was measured. Table 1 shows the results. The TOC is the TOC of the sample to which the decomposing enzyme is added.
The difference between the TOCs of the sample pieces to which no degrading enzyme was added was determined and used as the value.

【0024】[0024]

【実施例2〜7、比較例1及び2】各成分の配合割合を
表1に示すとおり変えた以外は実施例1と同様に各試験
試料を作製し、それぞれの測定を行った。その結果を表
1に示す。
Examples 2 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Each test sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of each component was changed as shown in Table 1, and each measurement was performed. Table 1 shows the results.

【0025】表1の結果より、本発明の組成物により得
られる生物分解性樹脂は、脂肪族ポリエステルの優れた
生物分解性と強度とを有すると共に、架橋ゴムによる優
れた伸度と高い軟化点をバランス良く保持していること
が判る。
From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the biodegradable resin obtained from the composition of the present invention has the excellent biodegradability and strength of the aliphatic polyester, and the excellent elongation and high softening point of the crosslinked rubber. It can be seen that is maintained in a good balance.

【0026】[0026]

【表1】 [Table 1]

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 ゴム10〜70重量%と、脂肪族ポリエ
ステル樹脂30〜90重量%と、前記ゴム及び脂肪族ポ
リエステル樹脂の合計量100重量部に対して架橋剤
0.1〜5重量部とを配合することを特徴とする生物分
解性樹脂組成物。
1. A rubber composition comprising 10 to 70% by weight of a rubber, 30 to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyester resin, and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent based on 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubber and the aliphatic polyester resin. And a biodegradable resin composition.
JP27062192A 1992-10-08 1992-10-08 Biodegradable resin composition Expired - Lifetime JP3345630B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP3345630B2 true JP3345630B2 (en) 2002-11-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005226054A (en) * 2004-02-16 2005-08-25 Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp Aliphatic polyester resin composition
JP2007039585A (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-15 Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd Rubber composition and pneumatic tire using the same
JP4402698B2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2010-01-20 株式会社シード Eraser elastomer composition, method for producing the same, and eraser using the composition
JP5309287B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2013-10-09 株式会社シード Erasure
WO2009060554A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Seed Company Ltd. Elastomer composition, method for producing the same, and eraser using the composition
JP5606006B2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2014-10-15 株式会社シード Elastomer composition, process for producing the same, and eraser using the composition
JP5396450B2 (en) * 2011-10-07 2014-01-22 株式会社シード Eraser manufacturing method

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