JP3327050B2 - Half muffle - Google Patents
Half muffleInfo
- Publication number
- JP3327050B2 JP3327050B2 JP13118295A JP13118295A JP3327050B2 JP 3327050 B2 JP3327050 B2 JP 3327050B2 JP 13118295 A JP13118295 A JP 13118295A JP 13118295 A JP13118295 A JP 13118295A JP 3327050 B2 JP3327050 B2 JP 3327050B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- muffle
- stainless steel
- endless belt
- furnace
- bright annealing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は光輝焼鈍炉のマッフル構
造に関し、さらに詳しくはステンレス鋼などを溶接およ
び/または冷間加工した構造物を非酸化性雰囲気で焼鈍
するための光輝焼鈍炉のマッフル構造の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a muffle structure of a bright annealing furnace, and more particularly to a muffle structure of a bright annealing furnace for annealing a structure obtained by welding and / or cold working stainless steel in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. It relates to the improvement of the structure.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】ステンレス鋼製のフレキシブル管(コル
ゲート管とも称す)は、帯状のステンレス鋼フープ材が
曲げ加工され、その両側端部同士が溶接により造管さ
れ、さらに、ダイス加工されて軸方向の表面が波形の凹
凸を有し、丸味を持った蛇腹状にまたは螺旋状に成形さ
れた管材である。このように、溶接あるいは冷間加工さ
れたステンレス鋼は、溶接後または加工後の固溶化処理
後に急冷される熱影響によって残留応力を発生する。ま
た、フェライト系またはマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼
の場合、ミクロ的に一部または全部が焼入れされ、オー
ステナイト系ステンレス鋼の場合は熱影響部の一部にC
r炭化物などCr富化相が形成されることにより、その
周辺ではミクロ的なCr貧化相が生じ(鋭敏化とい
う)、靭性や耐食性が劣化する。また、これらのステン
レス鋼が冷間加工されると、加工硬化して強度は増大す
るが靭性が低下する。特に、オーステナイト系ステンレ
ス鋼は、合金成分量が多く価格が高いが、その耐食性や
靭性が高いため広く使用されているもので、上記のよう
な加工工程により耐食性や靭性が低下した(脆くなっ
た)材料は、その後の組立工程や使用中に、割れたりま
たは腐食したりするなどの問題が生じるため、固溶化熱
処理により上記特性を改善してオーステナイト系ステン
レス鋼本来の性質に戻してユーザーに供給される。2. Description of the Related Art A stainless steel flexible pipe (also referred to as a corrugated pipe) is formed by bending a strip-shaped stainless steel hoop material, welding both ends of the hoop material, and further processing the die in an axial direction. Is a tubular material having a corrugated shape and a corrugated shape or a spiral shape having a corrugated surface. As described above, the welded or cold-worked stainless steel generates residual stress due to the thermal effect of being quenched after the solution treatment after welding or working. In the case of ferritic or martensitic stainless steel, part or all of it is hardened microscopically, and in the case of austenitic stainless steel, C
The formation of a Cr-enriched phase such as r-carbide causes a micro Cr-poor phase in the vicinity thereof (referred to as sensitization), which deteriorates toughness and corrosion resistance. Further, when these stainless steels are cold-worked, they are work-hardened to increase the strength but to decrease the toughness. In particular, austenitic stainless steels are widely used due to their high corrosion resistance and toughness, although their alloy components are large and their prices are high, and their corrosion resistance and toughness are reduced by the above-mentioned processing steps (they become brittle). ) The material may be broken or corroded during the subsequent assembling process or during use. Therefore, the above properties are improved by solution heat treatment to restore the original properties of austenitic stainless steel and supply it to users. Is done.
【0003】このような熱処理の代表例が焼鈍であり、
オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の場合、組織標準化のた
めの固溶化処理であり、一般的に1100〜1200℃
の範囲の温度に所定の時間加熱後、冷却して、残留応力
を除去すると同時に、拡散によりミクロ組織を改善して
耐食性や靭性を回復する。上記の熱処理に使用する加熱
炉の代表的なものが光輝焼鈍炉で、酸化スケール(酸化
物皮膜)の発生を防止するため、被熱処理材料を装入す
る保護容器(以下マッフルという)内に還元性または不
活性のガスを流入する鋼製のものが多い。マッフルを使
用した光輝焼鈍炉の構成と、加工後のフレキシブル管を
焼鈍する例を図2および図3を参照して以下に説明す
る。図2は、従来技術による光輝焼鈍炉1の主要部を示
す断面側面図であり、図3は、図2のA−A矢視断面図
である。図2の光輝焼鈍炉1は、この例では、図3にも
示すように、断面が長方形で全体が中空管状に築かれた
耐火煉瓦2で覆われ、外部に対して断熱され、その内部
には同じく長方形で中空管状のステンレス鋼製のマッフ
ル3が設けられ、同図の右側が加熱部4、左側は冷却部
5とされ、加熱部4と冷却部5の間には断熱壁6が設け
られる。加熱部4のマッフル3の外周側には発熱体7
が、冷却部4のマッフル3の外周側下部には冷却水が流
れる3本の冷却管8が、それぞれ設けられている。A typical example of such a heat treatment is annealing.
In the case of austenitic stainless steel, this is a solution treatment for standardizing the structure, and is generally performed at 1100 to 1200 ° C.
After heating to a temperature in the range described above for a predetermined time and then cooling to remove residual stress, the microstructure is improved by diffusion to restore corrosion resistance and toughness. A typical example of a heating furnace used for the above heat treatment is a bright annealing furnace. Often made of steel into which neutral or inert gas flows. The configuration of a bright annealing furnace using a muffle and an example of annealing a flexible tube after processing will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a sectional side view showing a main part of the bright annealing furnace 1 according to the related art, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. In this example, the bright annealing furnace 1 of FIG. 2 is covered with a refractory brick 2 having a rectangular cross section and entirely hollow tubular, as shown in FIG. Is also provided with a rectangular and hollow tubular muffle 3 made of stainless steel, a heating section 4 on the right side and a cooling section 5 on the left side, and a heat insulating wall 6 between the heating section 4 and the cooling section 5. Can be A heating element 7 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the muffle 3 of the heating section 4.
However, three cooling pipes 8 through which cooling water flows are provided at lower portions on the outer peripheral side of the muffle 3 of the cooling unit 4.
【0004】さらに、マッフル3の図2でほぼ左右中央
部には還元性ガスまたは不活性ガス、この例では水素ガ
スを、マッフル3内に導入する水素供給管9が連通され
て、マッフル3内は水素雰囲気にされ、この水素はマッ
フル3の両端側から所定の安全対策をしてから排出され
る。符号10は、駆動ローラ11により図2で矢印Bの
ように反時計方向に連続して循環移動するステンレス鋼
製のエンドレスベルトであり、マッフル内では床部3a
の上面を摺動し、被処理材としてのフレキシブル管13
(外形の波形を省略して示す)は、マッフル3内を移動
する前記のエンドレスベルト10に載置されて、光輝焼
鈍炉1のマッフル3内を図2で右側から左側に向けて所
定の速度で移動して、加熱部4内で1100〜1200
℃に加熱された後、冷却部5内で冷却され、大気中に出
されても酸化の恐れがない温度まで冷却されるように焼
鈍され、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼としての本来の
性質を有するフレキシブル管にされる。上記のエンドレ
スベルト10は、駆動ローラ11の駆動力により光輝焼
鈍炉1内の高温の加熱部、中間温度の冷却部および常温
の炉外の順序で反復して循環するため、1100℃を超
える高温から室温までの多数回の熱サイクルを受けるこ
とによる消耗が激しく、高融点金属材料など高価な材料
を使用するコスト高の割に寿命が短い。一方、マッフル
3は、特に高温部で水素が拡散放出されないような安全
上の必要性と、さらに構造的に必要な強度を得るため、
この温度環境では5mm以上の肉厚が必要になり、高融点
の高価な材料は使用できない。これらの理由により、材
料としては主としてオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼が選
択されていた。Further, a hydrogen supply pipe 9 for introducing a reducing gas or an inert gas, in this example, hydrogen gas, into the muffle 3 is communicated substantially at the center of the muffle 3 in FIG. Is set to a hydrogen atmosphere, and this hydrogen is discharged from both ends of the muffle 3 after taking predetermined safety measures. Reference numeral 10 denotes an endless belt made of stainless steel that is continuously circulated and moved counterclockwise by a driving roller 11 as shown by an arrow B in FIG.
Of the flexible tube 13 as the material to be treated
(Illustrated by omitting the waveform of the outer shape) is placed on the endless belt 10 moving in the muffle 3, and the inside of the muffle 3 of the bright annealing furnace 1 has a predetermined speed from the right side to the left side in FIG. To move in the heating unit 4 to 1100 to 1200
After being heated to ℃, it is cooled in the cooling unit 5 and is annealed so as to be cooled to a temperature at which there is no danger of oxidation even when it is discharged into the atmosphere, and a flexible tube having the original properties of austenitic stainless steel To be. The endless belt 10 is repeatedly circulated by the driving force of the driving roller 11 in the order of the high-temperature heating section in the bright annealing furnace 1, the intermediate-temperature cooling section, and the normal temperature outside the furnace. It is greatly consumed by being subjected to a large number of thermal cycles from room temperature to room temperature, and its life is short in spite of the high cost of using expensive materials such as high melting point metal materials. On the other hand, the muffle 3 is necessary for safety such that hydrogen is not diffused and released especially in a high temperature part, and in order to obtain structurally necessary strength,
In this temperature environment, a wall thickness of 5 mm or more is required, and expensive materials having a high melting point cannot be used. For these reasons, austenitic stainless steel has been mainly selected as the material.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】エンドレスベルトはマ
ッフル内でその床部上を摺動して移動し、フレキシブル
管はエンドレスベルト上で多少滑りながら摩擦移動する
ため、それぞれ相互に摩耗してステンレス鋼の摩耗粉を
発生している。発生した粉末の殆どの量はマッフル内に
留まり、長時間高温に曝されて溶融・凝固し、マッフル
内に突起物を形成する。この溶融機構は明らかではない
が、摩耗によって発生するステンレス鋼の粉末は微細な
ものであり、表面活性が高く、また、エンドレスベルト
の荷重およびエンドレスベルトとマッフル間での摩擦力
を受けるために、大気圧での融点より低い温度にも拘わ
らず表面が溶融し、同じ材質のステンレス鋼製のマッフ
ルに融着するものと考えられる。形成された突起物はさ
らにエンドレスベルトを大きく摩耗させる要因となり、
一方、摩耗されたエンドレスベルトは、その表面が粗く
なりマッフルをより激しく摩耗させる要因になるので、
相乗的に摩耗が加速される。また、マッフル内でエンド
レスベルトが上記の突起物に引っかかり、駆動ローラの
力により引っ張られるためエンドレスベルトが切断する
ことも生じている。このような要因により、エンドレス
ベルトの寿命は2週間程度、マッフルの寿命は3〜4ヶ
月と短く、これらを交換する都度、光輝焼鈍炉の温度を
下げ、復帰後にまた昇温するという付随的な作業による
時間的ロスを生じている。本発明は、上記のような問題
がないマッフル構造の光輝焼鈍炉を提供することを課題
とする。The endless belt slides and moves on the floor in the muffle, and the flexible pipes slide and move slightly on the endless belt. Abrasion powder is generated. Most of the generated powder stays in the muffle, and is exposed to high temperature for a long time, melts and solidifies, and forms projections in the muffle. Although the melting mechanism is not clear, the stainless steel powder generated by abrasion is fine, has high surface activity, and receives the load of the endless belt and the frictional force between the endless belt and the muffle, It is considered that the surface melts in spite of the temperature lower than the melting point at atmospheric pressure, and is fused to a stainless steel muffle of the same material. The formed protrusions cause the endless belt to wear further,
On the other hand, a worn endless belt has a rough surface and causes the muffle to wear more severely.
Wear is accelerated synergistically. In addition, the endless belt is caught by the protrusion in the muffle and is pulled by the force of the driving roller, so that the endless belt may be cut. Due to such factors, the life of the endless belt is as short as about 2 weeks, and the life of the muffle is as short as 3 to 4 months. Each time the muffle is replaced, the temperature of the bright annealing furnace is lowered, and the temperature is raised again after returning. There is a time loss due to the work. An object of the present invention is to provide a bright annealing furnace having a muffle structure that does not have the above-described problems.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、断面が角形
で全体として中空管状のステンレス鋼製のマッフル内
に、このマッフルと長さが等しく断面がコの字形で上方
が開き、前記のステンレス鋼より融点が高く、かつ、軟
らかくはない金属または合金製の、特に好適にはモリブ
デン製のハーフマッフルを配置し、このハーフマッフル
の凹部上面にエンドレスベルトを摺動させるようにして
上記の課題を解決した。According to the present invention, in a stainless steel muffle having a rectangular cross section and a hollow tubular shape as a whole, the muffle having the same length as the muffle and having a U-shaped cross section opens upward, A melting point higher than steel, and made of a metal or alloy that is not soft, particularly preferably a half muffle made of molybdenum is arranged, and the above problem is solved by sliding an endless belt on the upper surface of a concave portion of the half muffle. Settled.
【0007】[0007]
【作用】本発明では、上記のように構成したことによ
り、ステンレス鋼製のエンドレスベルトは、例えば、モ
リブデン製のハーフマッフルの凹部上を摺動し、ステン
レス鋼の摩耗粉とモリブデンの摩耗粉を生じるが、ステ
ンレス鋼の摩耗粉の表面が溶融してもモリブデンは融点
が高いためこれらは融着せず、また、モリブデンの摩耗
粉は融点が炉内温度の1100〜1200℃よりかなり
高いため部分的にも溶融することがなくなり、突起物の
形成が抑制された。According to the present invention, the endless belt made of stainless steel slides, for example, on a concave portion of a molybdenum half-muffle to remove abrasion powder of stainless steel and abrasion powder of molybdenum. Although molybdenum has a high melting point even if the surface of the stainless steel abrasion powder is melted, they do not fuse, and molybdenum abrasion powder has a partial melting point much higher than the furnace temperature of 1100 to 1200 ° C. , And the formation of protrusions was suppressed.
【0008】[0008]
【実施例】図1は、本発明によるハーフマッフル14を
配置した光輝焼鈍炉のマッフル3内を、マッフル3の長
手方向に対して直角に切断した断面正面図である。な
お、光輝焼鈍炉のマッフル3の外部の構成は、従来技術
によるものと同一であるので説明は省略する。図1の3
はマッフル、10はエンドレスベルト、13はフレキシ
ブル管で、14はマッフル3内に開口部を上方に向けて
配置された断面コの字形のハーフマッフルであり、その
凹部14a内をエンドレスベルト10が移動する。上記
のマッフル3およびエンドレスベルト10は、共に従来
技術と同様にステンレス鋼製のものであるが、ハーフマ
ッフル14は、ステンレス鋼より融点が高い金属または
合金製のものである。ハーフマッフル14の材質として
は、モリブデン(融点2622±10℃、理化学辞典第
3版による、以下同じ)、タングステン(融点3382
℃)、タンタル(2850℃)およびそれらの合金など
が使用できるが、融点が高くても軟らかいもの、特に高
価なもの等は適しない。また、ハーフマッフル14は、
マッフル3中に配置されるため、水素などの還元性また
は不活性ガス中で使用されるため、高温で酸化しやすい
材料でも使用でき、特に入手容易性や価格の点でモリブ
デンが最も好適である。1 is a cross-sectional front view of a muffle 3 of a bright annealing furnace in which a half muffle 14 according to the present invention is arranged, which is cut at a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the muffle 3. FIG. The configuration outside the muffle 3 of the bright annealing furnace is the same as that according to the prior art, and the description is omitted. 3 in FIG.
Is a muffle, 10 is an endless belt, 13 is a flexible tube, 14 is a half-muffle having a U-shaped cross section arranged with its opening upward in the muffle 3, and the endless belt 10 moves in the concave portion 14a. I do. The muffle 3 and the endless belt 10 are both made of stainless steel as in the prior art, but the half muffle 14 is made of a metal or alloy having a higher melting point than stainless steel. Materials for the half muffle 14 include molybdenum (melting point: 2622 ± 10 ° C., according to the third edition of the Physical and Chemical Dictionary, the same applies hereinafter), tungsten (melting point: 3382
° C), tantalum (2850 ° C) and alloys thereof, but soft materials having a high melting point, especially expensive ones are not suitable. In addition, half muffle 14
Since it is disposed in the muffle 3, it is used in a reducing or inert gas such as hydrogen, so that it is possible to use a material which is easily oxidized at high temperature, and molybdenum is most suitable particularly in terms of availability and price. .
【0009】なお、ハーフマッフル14の凹部14aに
エンドレスベルト10を配置して移動させるため、ハー
フマッフル14の位置がマッフル3に対して長手方向に
ずれないようにする図示しない固定手段を設けることは
勿論である。このように、本発明では、ハーフマッフル
14をマッフル3内に配置して、ハーフマッフル14の
凹部14a上をエンドレスベルト10が摺動するため、
ハーフマッフル14上でエンドレスベルト10の摩耗粉
が生じ、微細な摩耗粉の表面が溶融しても、ハーフマッ
フル14自体は融点が高く溶融しないため、摩耗粉はハ
ーフマッフル14と相互に融着せずに突起物を形成する
ことなく炉外に放出される。また、ハーフマッフル14
自体が摩耗しても、その融点が高いため融着することは
なくなった。この結果、エンドレスベルトの寿命は4週
間程度に、マッフルとハーフマッフルの寿命は1年以上
にそれぞれ延ばされ、これらの部材の更新のための光輝
焼鈍炉の非稼働時間(アイドルタイム)が大幅に減少さ
れた。In order to dispose and move the endless belt 10 in the concave portion 14a of the half muffle 14, it is necessary to provide a fixing means (not shown) for preventing the position of the half muffle 14 from being shifted in the longitudinal direction with respect to the muffle 3. Of course. Thus, in the present invention, since the half muffle 14 is arranged in the muffle 3 and the endless belt 10 slides on the concave portion 14a of the half muffle 14,
Even if the abrasion powder of the endless belt 10 is generated on the half muffle 14 and the surface of the fine abrasion powder is melted, the abrasion powder does not fuse with the half muffle 14 because the half muffle 14 itself has a high melting point and does not melt. Is discharged outside the furnace without forming protrusions. Also, half muffle 14
Even if it was worn, it did not fuse due to its high melting point. As a result, the service life of the endless belt is extended to about 4 weeks, the service life of the muffle and half muffle is extended to one year or more, respectively, and the non-operating time (idle time) of the bright annealing furnace for updating these members is greatly increased. Was reduced to
【0010】[0010]
【発明の効果】本発明では、マッフルと長さが等しく断
面がコの字形で、コの字の開口を上として配置され、ス
テンレス鋼より融点が高い金属またはその合金、例えば
モリブデン製のハーフマッフルをマッフル内に配置し、
このハーフマッフルの凹部上面にエンドレスベルトを摺
動させる構成により、ステンレス鋼またはモリブデンの
摩耗粉が生じても突起物の形成を抑制し、エンドレスベ
ルトの寿命は2倍の4週間程度に、また、マッフルとハ
ーフマッフルの寿命は4倍の1年以上に延長され、光輝
焼鈍炉の休止時間も著しく低減され、フレキシブル管な
どステンレス鋼の溶接および/または冷間加工構造物の
製作コストが大幅に低減されるという優れた効果を有す
る。According to the present invention, a half-muffle made of a metal having a melting point higher than that of stainless steel or a metal alloy thereof, for example, a molybdenum-made half-muffle having a U-shaped cross section having the same length as the muffle and having a U-shape cross section. In the muffle,
The configuration in which the endless belt is slid on the upper surface of the concave portion of the half muffle suppresses the formation of protrusions even when abrasion powder of stainless steel or molybdenum is generated, and the life of the endless belt is doubled to about four weeks. The life of muffles and half-muffles is quadrupled to more than one year, the downtime of bright annealing furnaces is significantly reduced, and the cost of manufacturing stainless steel welding and / or cold-worked structures such as flexible tubes is greatly reduced. Has an excellent effect.
【図1】本発明によるハーフマッフルを配置した光輝焼
鈍炉のマッフル内を、マッフルの長手方向に対して直角
に切断した断面正面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view of the inside of a muffle of a bright annealing furnace in which a half muffle according to the present invention is arranged, which is cut at a right angle to a longitudinal direction of the muffle.
【図2】従来技術による光輝焼鈍炉の主要部を示す断面
側面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional side view showing a main part of a bright annealing furnace according to the prior art.
【図3】図2のA−A矢視断面図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on line AA of FIG. 2;
1 光輝焼鈍炉 3 マッフル 10 エンドレスベルト 14 ハーフマッフル 14a 凹部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bright annealing furnace 3 Muffle 10 Endless belt 14 Half muffle 14a Recess
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C21D 1/00 112 C21D 1/00 113 C21D 9/08 F27B 5/00 - 5/18 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C21D 1/00 112 C21D 1/00 113 C21D 9/08 F27B 5/00-5/18
Claims (2)
するためのマッフル炉として、耐火材料製の炉壁と、こ
の炉壁内に収容され断面が中空管状のステンレス鋼製マ
ッフルと、このマッフルの床面上を摺動して移動するス
テンレス鋼製エンドレスベルトとを有し、このエンドレ
スベルト上に載置された前記被熱処理材料を前記マッフ
ル内に導入した水素などの還元性または窒素などの不活
性ガス雰囲気中で焼鈍する光輝焼鈍炉において、 前記光輝焼鈍炉は、さらに前記マッフルの底面上に前記
ステンレス鋼より融点が高く、かつ、軟らかくはない金
属または合金で製作され、断面がコの字形で、コの字形
の開口部を上にして固定して配置されたハーフマッフル
を有し、前記エンドレスベルトを前記ハーフマッフルの
凹部の上面で摺動させることを特徴とする光輝焼鈍用マ
ッフル炉のハーフマッフル。1. A muffle furnace for bright annealing of a work-hardened material to be heat-treated , a furnace wall made of a refractory material, a stainless steel muffle having a hollow tubular section housed in the furnace wall and a muffle made of stainless steel. And a stainless steel endless belt that slides and moves on the floor surface of the material. The material to be heat-treated mounted on the endless belt has a reducing property such as hydrogen or nitrogen introduced into the muffle. in bright annealing furnace for annealing in an inert gas atmosphere, the bright annealing furnace, further the melting point than the stainless steel on the bottom of the muffle rather high, and manufactured in soft no gold <br/> genus or alloy The cross section is a U-shape, having a half muffle fixedly arranged with the U-shaped opening facing upward, and sliding the endless belt on the upper surface of the concave portion of the half muffle. A half muffle of a muffle furnace for bright annealing characterized by the fact that:
された請求項1記載の光輝焼鈍用マッフル炉のハーフマ
ッフル。2. A half muffle for a bright annealing muffle furnace according to claim 1, wherein said half muffle is made of molybdenum.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP13118295A JP3327050B2 (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1995-05-02 | Half muffle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP13118295A JP3327050B2 (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1995-05-02 | Half muffle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08302421A JPH08302421A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
JP3327050B2 true JP3327050B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
Family
ID=15051939
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP13118295A Expired - Fee Related JP3327050B2 (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1995-05-02 | Half muffle |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3327050B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1292979B1 (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-02-11 | Graser Pietro & Figlio Spa | MOLD FOR HEAT TREATMENTS IN THE GOLDMEN FIELD |
JP5062803B2 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2012-10-31 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Method for firing products that generate corrosive gas |
-
1995
- 1995-05-02 JP JP13118295A patent/JP3327050B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08302421A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
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