JP3271056B2 - Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP3271056B2 JP3271056B2 JP25320997A JP25320997A JP3271056B2 JP 3271056 B2 JP3271056 B2 JP 3271056B2 JP 25320997 A JP25320997 A JP 25320997A JP 25320997 A JP25320997 A JP 25320997A JP 3271056 B2 JP3271056 B2 JP 3271056B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- anode
- electrode
- discharge lamp
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は，放電灯等の電極の
陽極に用いられるタングステン電極とその製造方法に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tungsten electrode used as an anode of an electrode of a discharge lamp or the like, and a method of manufacturing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に，放電灯などの電極の陽極に用い
られる電極材料には，粉末冶金法によって製造されるタ
ングステンが用いられる。これは放電電極の陽極（以
下，単に陽極と呼ぶ）には，高い耐熱性と耐放電特性が
要求されるためであり，現在までこれに代わる材料は発
見されていない。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, tungsten produced by a powder metallurgy method is used as an electrode material used for an anode of an electrode of a discharge lamp or the like. This is because the anode of the discharge electrode (hereinafter simply referred to as the anode) is required to have high heat resistance and discharge resistance characteristics, and no alternative material has been found so far.
【０００３】また，近年は，装置の大型化，高出力化に
伴い放電灯などの陽極にも更なる耐放電特性と寿命が求
められる様になってきている。Further, in recent years, as the size and the output of the apparatus have been increased, the anode of a discharge lamp or the like has been required to have further higher discharge resistance and life.
【０００４】従来の電極用金属タングステンの製造方法
としては，一般に鉱石又は，中間生成物を基に精錬，還
元を行いタングステン粉末を製造し，これを油圧プレ
ス，もしくは，静水圧プレス等のプレスによつて圧粉体
を製造し，その後，場合によっては，仮焼結を行った
後，直接通電法または，間接加熱法によって水素雰囲気
中で焼結する。このようにして製造された焼結体は，ま
だ内部に空孔があり比重も，理論比重に達していない
為，熱間鍛造，熱間転打，及び熱間圧延等を行い充分に
比重が上がった後，切削，研磨等で電極としての成型を
行なった後，内部の残留ガス成分を除去するための真空
中での熱処理を行い，放電灯などの内部に組み込まれて
使用される。As a conventional method of producing metal tungsten for an electrode, a tungsten powder is produced by refining or reducing an ore or an intermediate product, and the tungsten powder is subjected to a press such as a hydraulic press or a hydrostatic press. Thus, a green compact is manufactured, and after that, if necessary, after preliminary sintering, sintering is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere by a direct current method or an indirect heating method. Since the sintered body produced in this way still has pores inside and the specific gravity has not reached the theoretical specific gravity, it is subjected to hot forging, hot rolling, hot rolling, etc., and has a sufficient specific gravity. After being raised, it is shaped as an electrode by cutting, polishing, or the like, and then heat-treated in a vacuum to remove residual gas components therein, and is used by being incorporated inside a discharge lamp or the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが，前述の従来
法によって製造されたタングステン材料を基に製造され
た放電灯は，比較的早期に電極付近内部のガラス面の黒
化現象によって放電灯としての寿命をもたらすことにな
る。However, a discharge lamp manufactured on the basis of the tungsten material manufactured by the above-mentioned conventional method is relatively early because of the blackening phenomenon of the glass surface inside the vicinity of the electrode. Will bring a life.
【０００６】又，従来法において，焼結後，熱間塑性加
工を行うため，電極の径の大きさは，例えば，溝ロール
やスエージ等の塑性加工装置により制限を受け，大きな
材料の製造は困難であった。In the conventional method, since the hot plastic working is performed after sintering, the diameter of the electrode is limited by a plastic working device such as a groove roll or a swage. It was difficult.
【０００７】又，この塑性加工を行うにあたってもタン
グステンは，難加工材料であり，割れや折れ等の加工上
での異常が発生し歩留まりに大きな悪影響を与える。[0007] Also, in performing this plastic working, tungsten is a difficult-to-work material, and abnormalities such as cracks and breaks occur in the working, which greatly affects the yield.
【０００８】そこで，本発明の技術的課題は，塑性加工
を施さなくても従来の材料よりも長い寿命を持つタング
ステン電極とその製造方法とを提供することにある。It is an object of the present invention to provide a tungsten electrode having a longer life than conventional materials without plastic working, and a method of manufacturing the same.
【０００９】また，本発明の他の技術的課題は，真空中
での熱処理を必要としない放電灯の陽極に用いられるタ
ングステン電極とその製造方法とを提供することにあ
る。Another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten electrode used for an anode of a discharge lamp which does not require heat treatment in a vacuum, and a method of manufacturing the same.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は，前述した要
求に基づき，従来から用いられてきたタングステン材料
の製造手順を改良する事によって，大幅な陽極の寿命を
改善するために検討を行った結果，本発明を為すに至っ
たものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Based on the above-mentioned requirements, the present inventor has studied to improve the life of the anode by improving the manufacturing procedure of the conventionally used tungsten material. As a result, the present invention has been accomplished.
【００１１】即ち、本発明によれば、放電灯の陽極に用
いられるタングステン電極であって、平均結晶粒径が
０．０２ｍｍから０．０６ｍｍまでの範囲内のタングス
テン焼結体からなり、２５００時間使用後の平均結晶粒
径が３．５ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とするタングステ
ン電極が得られる。[0011] That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a tungsten electrode used for the anode of the discharge lamp, an average grain size in the range from 0.02mm to 0.06mm tungsten
A tungsten electrode is obtained, which is made of a ten sintered body and has an average crystal grain size after use for 2500 hours of 3.5 mm or less.
【００１２】また，本発明によれば，放電灯の陽極に用
いられるタングステン電極の製造方法において，タング
ステン粉末を加圧成形，仮焼結後真空度５×１０-2Ｐａ
以上の真空雰囲気に於いて１８００℃以上の温度で焼結
する事を特徴とするタングステン電極の製造方法が得ら
れる。According to the present invention, in a method of manufacturing a tungsten electrode used for an anode of a discharge lamp, a tungsten powder is compacted, pre-sintered and has a degree of vacuum of 5 × 10 -2 Pa.
A method for producing a tungsten electrode, characterized by sintering at a temperature of 1800 ° C. or more in the above vacuum atmosphere, is obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下，本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照して説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１４】図１は，本発明の実施の形態によるタング
ステン陽極を用いた放電灯の概要を示す断面図である。
図１を参照すると，放電灯１は，中央部が長円形状で長
軸方向両端に円筒状に延在する石英封入管２と，石英封
入管２の一端に設けられた球面の先端部を有するタング
ステン陽極３と，これに対向して石英封入管２の他端に
設けられた円錐状の先端部を備えたタングステン陰極５
とを備えている。タングステン陽極３とタングステン陰
極５とは，夫々電極サポート４，６に支持されている。
また，石英封入管２内には，封入ガス７が封入されてい
る。図１の構成の放電灯１のタングステン陽極３及びタ
ングステン陰極５の間に電圧をかけるとタングステン陰
極５からタングステン陽極３に向けて電子が放出される
放電が起こり，この放電により内部ガスが励起され放電
灯として機能する。FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a discharge lamp using a tungsten anode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a discharge lamp 1 includes a quartz sealed tube 2 having a central portion having an oval shape and extending cylindrically at both ends in a longitudinal direction, and a spherical tip provided at one end of the quartz sealed tube 2. And a tungsten cathode 5 having a conical tip provided at the other end of the quartz sealing tube 2 opposed thereto.
And The tungsten anode 3 and the tungsten cathode 5 are supported on electrode supports 4 and 6, respectively.
A sealing gas 7 is sealed in the quartz sealing tube 2. When a voltage is applied between the tungsten anode 3 and the tungsten cathode 5 of the discharge lamp 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1, a discharge occurs in which electrons are emitted from the tungsten cathode 5 toward the tungsten anode 3, and the internal gas is excited by the discharge. Functions as a discharge lamp.
【００１５】以上までの構成は，タングステン陽極３以
外は，従来技術と同じである。The configuration up to the above is the same as the prior art except for the tungsten anode 3.
【００１６】しかし，本発明の実施の形態によるタング
ステン陽極３においては，塑性加工を施さず焼結体をそ
のまま陽極材料として使用している点で従来技術とは異
なる。However, the tungsten anode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention is different from the prior art in that a sintered body is used as an anode material without plastic working.
【００１７】更に，本発明の実施の形態によるタングス
テン陽極３の効果を具体的に説明すると，前述の放電の
際，各電極部では，タングステン陰極５から放出された
電子は高いエネルギーを持ったままタングステン陽極３
へ突入する。電子の突入されたタングステン陽極３は，
電子の持つ運動エネルギーとジュール熱により部分的に
２０００℃以上の高温に加熱される。Further, the effect of the tungsten anode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. In the above-described discharge, electrons emitted from the tungsten cathode 5 have high energy in each electrode portion. Tungsten anode 3
Rush into. The tungsten anode 3 into which electrons have entered
It is partially heated to a high temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher by the kinetic energy of electrons and Joule heat.
【００１８】一般的に，この高温状態では，塑性加工を
施された従来のタングステン陽極を構成するタングステ
ンは，再結晶を起こすことが知られている。具体的に
は，タングステン陰極５からの放電は，タングステン陽
極の粒界に集中するが，再結晶により粗大化した従来の
タングステン陽極では，粒界の総延長距離が短く単位長
さ当たりの放電密度が高くなり結果的に部分的なタング
ステンの蒸発が起こりガラス内面に付着し黒化現象を起
こし寿命となる。In general, in this high temperature state, it is known that tungsten constituting a plastically processed conventional tungsten anode undergoes recrystallization. Specifically, the discharge from the tungsten cathode 5 concentrates at the grain boundaries of the tungsten anode, but in the conventional tungsten anode coarsened by recrystallization, the total extension distance of the grain boundaries is short and the discharge density per unit length is small. As a result, tungsten partially evaporates and adheres to the inner surface of the glass, causing a blackening phenomenon to extend the life.
【００１９】しかし，本発明の実施の形態によるタング
ステン陽極３においては，塑性加工を施さず焼結体をそ
のまま陽極材料として使用しているので，再結晶による
結晶粒の粗大化を防止し，寿命を長くしている。However, in the tungsten anode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the sintered body is used as the anode material as it is without performing plastic working, it is possible to prevent the crystal grains from being coarsened by recrystallization and to reduce the life. Is longer.
【００２０】次に，本発明の実施の形態によるタングス
テン陽極の製造方法について説明する。Next, a method for manufacturing a tungsten anode according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
【００２１】本発明の実施の形態によるタングステン陽
極３は，一般的なタングステン粉末を用い油圧，又は，
静水圧プレスにより粉末の成型体を造りこれを水素炉で
仮焼結を行った後，真空炉中で焼結を行う。この製法で
製造された電極，即ち，タングステン陽極は，塑性加工
の施された材料と違い，電極の使用温度に於いても極端
な粒成長を起こさない。The tungsten anode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a general tungsten powder,
A powder compact is produced by a hydrostatic press, which is temporarily sintered in a hydrogen furnace, and then sintered in a vacuum furnace. An electrode manufactured by this method, that is, a tungsten anode, unlike a material subjected to plastic working, does not cause extreme grain growth even at the operating temperature of the electrode.
【００２２】更に具体的には，本発明の実施の形態によ
るタングステン陽極３は，次の方法によって製造されて
いる。More specifically, the tungsten anode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention is manufactured by the following method.
【００２３】一般的な方法によって製造された粒径３．
８μｍタングステン粉末を静水圧プレスによって粉末の
成型体を造り，これを１８００℃の水素炉中でまず仮焼
結を行った。この仮焼結材料を以下の表１に示す２条件
で真空焼結を行つた後，一切の塑性加工を行わず，切削
により陽極形状に加工した後放電灯の中に陽極として組
み込み寿命試験に供した。その結果を図２に示す。2. Particle size produced by a general method.
An 8 μm tungsten powder was formed into a powder compact by isostatic pressing, and this was first pre-sintered in a hydrogen furnace at 1800 ° C. After vacuum-sintering this pre-sintered material under the two conditions shown in Table 1 below, it was processed into an anode shape by cutting without any plastic working, and then incorporated as an anode in a discharge lamp and subjected to a life test. Provided. The result is shown in FIG.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２５】図２に示すように，一般的な焼結方法（水
素雰囲気１８００℃１０時間）で製作されたタングステ
ン陽極（比較例；曲線１１）と本発明の実施の形態にに
よるタングステン陽極（試料ａ（曲線１２）；真空度５
×１０-2Ｐａ焼結，試料ｂ（曲線１３；真空度５×１０
-3Ｐａ焼結）とを同一条件で試験し，比較した結果，２
５００時間経過時の一般純度の電極の黒化度を１０とし
た場合，同時間経過後の本発明による陽極（試料ｂ）の
黒化度は，４であった。As shown in FIG. 2, a tungsten anode (comparative example; curve 11) manufactured by a general sintering method (hydrogen atmosphere at 1800 ° C. for 10 hours) and a tungsten anode according to the embodiment of the present invention (sample) a (curve 12); degree of vacuum 5
× 10 -2 Pa sintered, sample b (curve 13; degree of vacuum 5 × 10
-3 Pa sintered) under the same conditions and compared.
Assuming that the degree of blackening of the electrode of general purity after elapse of 500 hours was 10, the degree of blackening of the anode (sample b) according to the present invention after elapse of the same time was 4.
【００２６】また，同時間経過後の本発明の実施の形態
によるタングステン陽極（試料ａ）の黒化度は，８であ
った。After the lapse of the same time, the degree of blackening of the tungsten anode (sample a) according to the embodiment of the present invention was 8.
【００２７】又，それぞれの試料の使用前後の平均結晶
粒径は，以下の表２のようであつた。尚，１７００℃で
焼結した試料ｃについては，焼結強度が不足し電極に加
工することが出来なかった。The average grain size of each sample before and after use was as shown in Table 2 below. The sample c sintered at 1700 ° C. had insufficient sintering strength and could not be processed into an electrode.
【００２８】[0028]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２９】上記表２から明らかなように，本発明の実
施の形態による試料（真空焼結品ａ，及びｂは，比較例
による水素焼結品よりも，使用後における平均結晶粒径
が明らかに小さいことがわかる。As is clear from Table 2, the samples according to the embodiment of the present invention (vacuum sintered products a and b) have a clearer average crystal grain size after use than the hydrogen sintered products according to the comparative examples. It turns out that it is small.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明により焼結
温度１８００℃以上で５×１０−２以上高真空で焼結さ
れたタングステン材料を使用することで放電灯の陽極タ
ングステンの蒸発に起因する黒化現象がもたらす放電灯
の寿命の低下を改善することが出来るタングステン電極
及びその製造方法とを提供することができる。As described above, the use of the tungsten material sintered at a sintering temperature of 1800 ° C. or more and at a high vacuum of 5 × 10 −2 or more according to the present invention results in the evaporation of the anode tungsten of the discharge lamp. it is possible to provide a tungsten electrode and a manufacturing method thereof can you improve the reduction in the life of the discharge lamp resulting blackening phenomenon.
【００３１】また，本発明においては，塑性加工を行わ
ない為，塑性加工時の歩留まり，径の大きさの制限等を
受ける事が無く，また，塑性加工にかかる費用を節減す
る事が出来，焼結時に高真空で熱処理されるため組み込
み前の真空処理の必要が無くなり経済的であるタングス
テン電極及びその製造方法とを提供することができる。Further, in the present invention, since the plastic working is not performed, the yield and the diameter of the plastic working are not restricted, and the cost for the plastic working can be reduced. Since the heat treatment is performed in a high vacuum during sintering, there is no need to perform a vacuum treatment before assembling, and an economical tungsten electrode and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
【００３２】また，本発明においては，塑性加工設備に
制限を受けないため非常に大型のものの製造が可能であ
り，また，一般的なタングステンの加工設備が利用出来
るため非常に工業化が容易であるタングステン電極及び
その製造方法とを提供することができる。Further, in the present invention, since there is no limitation on the plastic working equipment, it is possible to manufacture a very large one, and since general tungsten working equipment can be used, industrialization is very easy. A tungsten electrode and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態によるタングステン陽極を
用いた放電灯の概要を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an outline of a discharge lamp using a tungsten anode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態のタングステン陽極を用い
た放電灯の黒化度の経時変化を示す図で，併せて比較例
も示している。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the change over time in the degree of blackening of a discharge lamp using a tungsten anode according to an embodiment of the present invention, and also shows a comparative example.
１ 放電灯 ２ 石英封入管 ３ タングステン陽極 ４，６ 電極サポート ５ タングステン陰極 ７ 封入ガス DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Discharge lamp 2 Quartz sealed tube 3 Tungsten anode 4, 6 Electrode support 5 Tungsten cathode 7 Filled gas
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01J 61/073 H01J 9/02 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H01J 61/073 H01J 9/02
Claims (2)
電極であって、平均結晶粒径が０．０２ｍｍから０．０
６ｍｍまでの範囲内のタングステン焼結体からなり、２
５００時間使用後の平均結晶粒径が３．５ｍｍ以下であ
ることを特徴とするタングステン電極。1. A tungsten electrode used for an anode of a discharge lamp, having an average crystal grain size of 0.02 mm to 0.02 mm.
Consisting of a tungsten sintered body within a range of up to 6 mm , 2
A tungsten electrode having an average crystal grain size after use for 500 hours of 3.5 mm or less.
電極の製造方法において，タングステン粉末を加圧成
形，仮焼結後真空度５×１０-2Ｐａ以上の真空雰囲気に
於いて少なくとも１８００℃の温度で焼結する事を特徴
とするタングステン電極の製造方法。2. A method for producing a tungsten electrode used for an anode of a discharge lamp, comprising: forming a tungsten powder under pressure, pre-sintering the same, and then heating the tungsten powder to a temperature of at least 1800 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere having a degree of vacuum of 5 × 10 −2 Pa or more. A method for producing a tungsten electrode, characterized by sintering.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25320997A JP3271056B2 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25320997A JP3271056B2 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1196964A JPH1196964A (en) | 1999-04-09 |
| JP3271056B2 true JP3271056B2 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
Family
ID=17248084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25320997A Expired - Lifetime JP3271056B2 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3271056B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6705914B2 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2004-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of forming spherical electrode surface for high intensity discharge lamp |
| JP4846173B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2011-12-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | High pressure discharge lamp and electrode for high pressure discharge lamp |
| JP2006156091A (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-15 | Rokusan O | Electrode of cold-cathode tube and its manufacturing method |
| CN103862041A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 北矿新材科技有限公司 | Method for preparing blank strip for rare earth tungsten electrode |
-
1997
- 1997-09-18 JP JP25320997A patent/JP3271056B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1196964A (en) | 1999-04-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6109995A (en) | Electrode for a high-pressure discharge lamp, and methods of its manufacture | |
| EP0585797B1 (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp | |
| JP3271056B2 (en) | Tungsten electrode and method of manufacturing the same | |
| EP1801247B1 (en) | Process of production of high-density semi-finished or finished product | |
| CN103998635B (en) | Tungsten alloy, and tungsten alloy part, discharge lamp, transmitting tube and magnetron using tungsten alloy | |
| JP2002371301A (en) | Tungsten sintered compact and manufacturing method therefor | |
| JP3764315B2 (en) | Tungsten material and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP4011208B2 (en) | Tungsten material used for discharge lamp electrodes, discharge lamp electrodes, and discharge lamps using the same | |
| JPH09231939A (en) | High melting point metal electrode, its manufacture, and electrode for discharge lamp using it | |
| JP4918688B2 (en) | Electrode and method of manufacturing discharge lamp provided with the electrode | |
| US6175188B1 (en) | Sealing body for a discharge lamp | |
| JP6219280B2 (en) | Cathode for discharge lamp and method for producing the same | |
| JP3121400B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of tungsten sintered body | |
| JPH11273618A (en) | Discharge electrode material and its manufacture | |
| JPH0785782A (en) | Impregnation-type-cathode manufacturing method, and cathode obtained thereby | |
| JP3472882B2 (en) | Oxide dispersion type alloy and method for producing the same | |
| JPH049842B2 (en) | ||
| JP7176121B2 (en) | Cathode parts for discharge lamps and discharge lamps | |
| JP5670708B2 (en) | Electrode for short arc discharge lamp and method for manufacturing the same | |
| JPH1192851A (en) | Metallic material composed of tungsten or molybdenum, production of the metallic material and secondary product material using the metallic material | |
| JPS5842132A (en) | Direct-heated dispenser cathode and manufacturing method | |
| WO2019188713A1 (en) | Molybdenum material and method for producing same | |
| JP4340041B2 (en) | Electrode for discharge lamp | |
| KR920010361B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing tungsten for impregnated cathode | |
| JPH0118136B2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20011219 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090125 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090125 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100125 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110125 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110125 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120125 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120125 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130125 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140125 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |