JP3252983B2 - Tandem-type metal supported catalyst - Google Patents

Tandem-type metal supported catalyst

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Publication number
JP3252983B2
JP3252983B2 JP25499792A JP25499792A JP3252983B2 JP 3252983 B2 JP3252983 B2 JP 3252983B2 JP 25499792 A JP25499792 A JP 25499792A JP 25499792 A JP25499792 A JP 25499792A JP 3252983 B2 JP3252983 B2 JP 3252983B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
honeycomb body
catalyst
tandem
type metal
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP25499792A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0699076A (en
Inventor
登志広 ▲高▼田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP25499792A priority Critical patent/JP3252983B2/en
Publication of JPH0699076A publication Critical patent/JPH0699076A/en
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Publication of JP3252983B2 publication Critical patent/JP3252983B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は自動車などの排気系に装
着されるメタル担体触媒に関し、詳しくは2個以上のハ
ニカム体が排気ガス流れ方向に間隔を隔てて列設された
タンデム型のメタル担体触媒に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metal carrier catalyst mounted on an exhaust system of an automobile or the like, and more particularly, to a tandem type metal in which two or more honeycomb bodies are arranged at intervals in the exhaust gas flow direction. It relates to a supported catalyst.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】例えば自動車エンジンからの排ガスを浄
化するための排ガス浄化触媒として、セラミック製ある
いは金属製のハニカム体に活性アルミナなどの担持層を
形成し、その担持層に白金やロジウムなどの触媒金属を
担持させたものが多く用いられている。ところが触媒金
属は、約300℃より低い温度では触媒活性が得られな
いという現実がある。そのためエンジン始動直後などに
はハニカム体の温度が低く、排気ガスの熱により約30
0℃以上に加熱されるまでの間は有害物質がほとんど浄
化されぬまま排出されるという問題があった。
2. Description of the Related Art For example, as an exhaust gas purifying catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from an automobile engine, a support layer such as activated alumina is formed on a ceramic or metal honeycomb body, and a catalyst such as platinum or rhodium is formed on the support layer. Those supporting a metal are often used. However, there is a reality that the catalytic activity of the catalytic metal cannot be obtained at a temperature lower than about 300 ° C. Therefore, the temperature of the honeycomb body is low immediately after the start of the engine, etc.
Until heated to 0 ° C. or higher, there is a problem that harmful substances are discharged without being purified.

【0003】このような不具合を改善するために、セラ
ミックスより熱伝導率が高く昇温特性に優れた金属製の
メタル担体が主流となりつつある。また、例えば実開昭
63−141632号公報や実開平2−83320号公
報などには、排気ガス上流側には体積の小さなメタルハ
ニカム体を配置し、下流側にセラミックス製あるいはメ
タル製の熱容量の小さいハニカム体を配置したタンデム
型担体構造が開示されている。このように上流側の担体
の熱容量を小さくすることで、上流側の担体の温度を速
やかに上昇させることができる。またタンデム型とする
ことにより、低温活性の高い触媒金属を上流側の担体に
多く担持させるなど、触媒設計の自由度も向上する。
In order to improve such disadvantages, metal carriers made of metal having higher thermal conductivity than ceramics and excellent temperature rising characteristics are becoming mainstream. Further, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-141632 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 2-83320, a small-sized metal honeycomb body is disposed on the exhaust gas upstream side, and a ceramic or metal heat capacity is provided on the downstream side. A tandem-type carrier structure in which small honeycomb bodies are arranged is disclosed. By thus reducing the heat capacity of the upstream carrier, the temperature of the upstream carrier can be quickly increased. In addition, the use of the tandem type improves the degree of freedom in designing a catalyst, for example, such that a catalyst metal having high low-temperature activity is supported on an upstream carrier.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記したタンデム型の
触媒によれば、上流側に体積の小さいハニカム体を配置
することにより昇温特性が向上し、触媒を早期に活性温
度に到達させることが可能となる。また排気ガスの流速
分布により、触媒の上流側端面近傍ではハニカム体の中
央部が外周部より高温となる。このように中央部が早期
に高温となることで、中央部にヒートスポットが生じ、
その部分が一層早く活性温度に到達して着火するという
利点がある。
According to the tandem-type catalyst described above, the temperature rising characteristic is improved by disposing a small-sized honeycomb body on the upstream side, so that the catalyst can reach the activation temperature early. It becomes possible. Also, due to the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas, the central portion of the honeycomb body has a higher temperature than the outer peripheral portion near the upstream end surface of the catalyst. In this way, the central part becomes hot early, so a heat spot is generated in the central part,
There is an advantage that the part reaches the activation temperature earlier and ignites.

【0005】ところが金属製のハニカム体では、熱伝導
率が高いために折角早期に加熱された中央部の熱が外周
方向に伝わって中央部の温度が低下し、温度が均一化し
てヒートスポットが生じず着火が遅れ、結果的に活性温
度となるのが遅れるという不具合があった。本発明はこ
のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、タンデム型
メタル担体触媒において上流側のハニカム体にヒートス
ポットが形成されやすくすることを目的とする。
However, in the case of a metal honeycomb body, since the heat conductivity is high, the heat in the central portion, which has been heated at an early stage of the bending, is transmitted to the outer peripheral direction to lower the temperature in the central portion. There was a problem that ignition did not occur and the activation temperature was delayed as a result. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to facilitate formation of a heat spot on an upstream honeycomb body in a tandem-type metal carrier catalyst.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決する本発
明のタンデム型メタル担体触媒は、波板と平板を重ねて
形成されたハニカム体が排気ガスの流れ方向に間隔を隔
てて複数個配置されてなるタンデム型メタル担体触媒で
あって、排気ガス流の上流側のハニカム体の少なくとも
波板の板厚を下流側のハニカム体の板厚より薄くしたこ
とを特徴とする。
According to the present invention, there is provided a tandem-type metal carrier catalyst comprising a plurality of honeycomb bodies formed by laminating a corrugated plate and a flat plate at intervals in a flow direction of exhaust gas. A tandem-type metal support catalyst, wherein at least the honeycomb body on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow
The thickness of the corrugated plate is smaller than the thickness of the honeycomb body on the downstream side.

【0007】上流側のハニカム体の板厚は、少なくとも
波板の板厚が下流側のハニカム体の板厚より薄ければよ
い。このように波板の板厚を薄くすることにより、熱容
量が小さくなるとともに、径方向の熱の伝導量が低下し
中央部にヒートスポットができやすくなる。なお板厚を
薄くした分、触媒担持層を厚くしても、ハニカム通路の
断面積は同一とすることができる。このように上流側の
ハニカム体の触媒担持層を厚くすれば、担持されている
触媒金属が高分散化するため触媒金属のシンタリングを
抑制することができる。
The thickness of the honeycomb body on the upstream side is at least
The thickness of the corrugated sheet should be smaller than the thickness of the honeycomb body on the downstream side .
No. By thus reducing the thickness of the corrugated sheet, the heat capacity is reduced, the amount of heat conduction in the radial direction is reduced, and a heat spot is easily formed at the center. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the honeycomb passage can be the same even if the catalyst supporting layer is made thicker as much as the plate thickness is made thinner. By increasing the thickness of the catalyst supporting layer of the honeycomb body on the upstream side in this way, the supported catalyst metal is highly dispersed, so that sintering of the catalyst metal can be suppressed.

【0008】さらに、上記のように触媒担持層を厚くす
ることにより、上流側ハニカム体により多くの触媒金属
を担持させることができる。この場合、助触媒としての
セリア(CeO2 )を上流側に多く担持させることが好
ましい。セリアは酸素吸蔵能を有しているため、エンジ
ン始動直後におけるリッチ雰囲気下で酸素を放出し、触
媒反応が生じやすくなるため着火性が向上する。
Further, by increasing the thickness of the catalyst support layer as described above, more catalyst metal can be supported on the upstream honeycomb body. In this case, it is preferable that a large amount of ceria (CeO 2 ) as a promoter is supported on the upstream side. Since ceria has an oxygen storage ability, it releases oxygen in a rich atmosphere immediately after the engine is started, and a catalytic reaction is easily generated, so that ignitability is improved.

【0009】[0009]

【作用】本発明のタンデム型メタル担体触媒では、排気
ガスは先ず上流側のハニカム体に流入する。そして排気
ガス流は中央部ほど速い流速分布をもつため、ハニカム
体は中央部が早く加熱される。しかし上流側のハニカム
体は波板の肉厚が薄いため、径方法の熱伝導量が小さく
なり中央部にヒートスポットができやすい。
In the tandem metal carrier catalyst according to the present invention, the exhaust gas first flows into the upstream honeycomb body. Since the exhaust gas flow has a faster flow velocity distribution in the central portion, the central portion of the honeycomb body is quickly heated. However, since the upstream honeycomb body has a thin corrugated wall, the heat conduction amount in the diameter method is small, and a heat spot is easily formed at the center.

【0010】したがって中央部では早期に触媒の活性温
度に到達するため、始動時などの浄化性能に優れる。
[0010] Therefore, the catalyst reaches the activation temperature of the catalyst at an early stage in the central portion, so that the purification performance at the time of starting or the like is excellent.

【0011】[0011]

【実施例】以下、実施例により具体的に説明する。 (実施例1)Al含有フェライト系合金からなる板厚4
0μmと50μmの二種類の箔を用い、それぞれ平板と
波板に加工した。そして同一厚さの箔からなる平板と波
板を重ね合わせてロール状に巻回し、直径100mmの
二種類のハニカム体を形成した。ここで板厚40μmの
箔からなるハニカム体の長さは40mm、板厚50μm
の箔からなるハニカム体の長さは60mmである。
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. (Example 1) Sheet thickness 4 made of Al-containing ferrite alloy
Using two kinds of foils of 0 μm and 50 μm, they were processed into a flat plate and a corrugated plate, respectively. Then, a flat plate made of foil having the same thickness and a corrugated plate were overlapped and wound in a roll shape to form two types of honeycomb bodies having a diameter of 100 mm. Here, the length of the honeycomb body made of a foil having a thickness of 40 μm is 40 mm, and the thickness of the honeycomb body is 50 μm.
Is 60 mm in length.

【0012】次にSUS430から形成された板厚1.
5mm,外径103mm,長さ110mmの円筒状外筒
を用意し、上記二種類のハニカム体を同軸に挿入した。
その状態を図1に示す。薄肉のハニカム体1と厚肉のハ
ニカム体2は離間した状態で外筒3内に配置され、ハニ
カム体1とハニカム体2の間の距離は10mmである。
Next, the sheet thickness of SUS430:
A cylindrical outer cylinder having a diameter of 5 mm, an outer diameter of 103 mm, and a length of 110 mm was prepared, and the above two types of honeycomb bodies were coaxially inserted.
The state is shown in FIG. The thin-walled honeycomb body 1 and the thick-walled honeycomb body 2 are arranged in the outer cylinder 3 in a separated state, and the distance between the honeycomb body 1 and the honeycomb body 2 is 10 mm.

【0013】その後、耐熱性のNi系ロウ材を用いて、
高温高真空中でハニカム体1,2と外筒3とをロウ付け
接合し、本実施例のタンデム型メタル担体を形成した。
そして、活性アルミナ、水、バインダーが混合されたス
ラリーを用意し、ハニカム体1,2をそれぞれスラリー
中に浸漬し余分なスラリーを吹き払い、乾燥後焼成して
活性アルミナからなる触媒担持層を形成した。触媒担持
層の形成量は、ハニカム体1,2のそれぞれの容積1リ
ットル当たり100gである。なお、スラリー中にセリ
アを共存させ、触媒担持層中に酸素吸蔵成分としてのセ
リアを含有させた。セリアの含有量は、ハニカム体1,
2のそれぞれの容積1リットル当たり0.2モルであ
る。
Then, using a heat-resistant Ni-based brazing material,
The honeycomb bodies 1 and 2 and the outer cylinder 3 were brazed and joined in a high temperature and high vacuum to form a tandem-type metal carrier of this example.
Then, a slurry in which activated alumina, water, and a binder are mixed is prepared, and the honeycomb bodies 1 and 2 are immersed in the respective slurry, excess slurry is blown off, dried and fired to form a catalyst supporting layer made of activated alumina. did. The formation amount of the catalyst supporting layer is 100 g per liter of the volume of each of the honeycomb bodies 1 and 2. Ceria was allowed to coexist in the slurry, and ceria as an oxygen storage component was contained in the catalyst supporting layer. The content of ceria is in the honeycomb body 1,
2 is 0.2 mole per liter of each volume.

【0014】その後、ジニトロジアンミン白金水溶液と
塩化ロジウム水溶液を用い、常法により触媒担持層にP
tとRhを担持させた。この触媒金属の担持量は、ハニ
カム体1,2のそれぞれの容積1リットル当たりPtが
1.0g、Rhが0.2gである。上記したタンデム型
メタル担体触媒を、直列6気筒3000cm3 の実機エ
ンジンの排気系に取り付けた。このとき、薄肉のハニカ
ム体1が排気ガス流の上流側に位置し、厚肉のハニカム
体2が下流側に位置するようにした。
Thereafter, using a dinitrodiammineplatinum aqueous solution and a rhodium chloride aqueous solution, P
t and Rh were loaded. Regarding the supported amount of the catalyst metal, Pt is 1.0 g and Rh is 0.2 g per liter of the volume of each of the honeycomb bodies 1 and 2. The above-mentioned tandem-type metal carrier catalyst was attached to an exhaust system of a 3000 cm 3 in-line six-cylinder real engine. At this time, the thin honeycomb body 1 was located on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow, and the thick honeycomb body 2 was located on the downstream side.

【0015】そしてエンジン回転数3000rpm、圧
力−360mmHg、A/F=14.5の条件で、上記
タンデム型メタル担体触媒に排気ガスを連続的に通過さ
せ、850℃で100時間の耐久試験を行った。その後
同じエンジンを用いて、2000rpm、−360mm
Hg、A/F=14.5の条件で、350℃におけるH
C,CO,NOxの浄化率を測定し、結果を表1に示
す。また、完全に室温状態となっているメタル担体触媒
を用い、同じエンジンにより1000rpm、−360
mmHg、A/F=14.5の排気ガスを通過させた時
の始動から20秒後の上流側のハニカム体1中央部の温
度を測定し、結果を表1に示す。 (実施例2)上流のハニカム体1の触媒担持層の形成量
を、容積1リットル当たり2倍の200gとしたこと以
外は実施例1と同様である。同様に試験を行い、結果を
表1に示す。 (実施例3)上流のハニカム体1の触媒担持層中のセリ
アの含有量を、容積1リットル当たり2倍の0.4モル
としたこと以外は実施例1と同様である。同様に試験を
行い、結果を表1に示す。 (比較例)長さを40mmとしたこと以外はハニカム体
2と同様のハニカム体を、ハニカム体1の代わりに用い
たこと以外は実施例1と同様の構成である。すなわち、
上流側のハニカム体の板厚のみが実施例1と異なり、下
流側のハニカム体2と同様の50μmとなっている。こ
の比較例のメタル担体触媒についても同様に試験を行
い、結果を表1に示す。
[0015] Exhaust gas is continuously passed through the tandem-type metal carrier catalyst under the conditions of an engine speed of 3000 rpm, a pressure of -360 mmHg, and an A / F of 14.5, and a durability test is performed at 850 ° C for 100 hours. Was. Then, using the same engine, 2000 rpm, -360 mm
Hg at 350 ° C. under the condition of Hg, A / F = 14.5
The purification rates of C, CO and NOx were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. Using a metal carrier catalyst which is completely at room temperature, the same engine operates at 1000 rpm and -360 rpm.
The temperature of the central portion of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side 20 seconds after the start when the exhaust gas of mmHg and A / F = 14.5 was passed was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. (Example 2) The same as Example 1 except that the formation amount of the catalyst supporting layer of the upstream honeycomb body 1 was doubled to 200 g per liter of volume. The test was performed in the same manner, and the results are shown in Table 1. Example 3 Example 3 is the same as Example 1 except that the content of ceria in the catalyst supporting layer of the upstream honeycomb body 1 was twice as large as 0.4 mol per liter of volume. The test was performed in the same manner, and the results are shown in Table 1. (Comparative Example) The structure is the same as that of the first embodiment except that a honeycomb body similar to the honeycomb body 2 is used instead of the honeycomb body 1 except that the length is set to 40 mm. That is,
Only the thickness of the honeycomb body on the upstream side is different from that of the first embodiment, and is 50 μm, which is the same as that of the honeycomb body 2 on the downstream side. The same test was performed on the metal carrier catalyst of this comparative example, and the results are shown in Table 1.

【0016】[0016]

【表1】 (評価)実施例1と比較例の比較により、上流側のハニ
カム体1の箔厚を薄くするだけで浄化率が向上している
ことがわかる。これは、上流側のハニカム体1の中心部
の温度が早期に触媒活性温度まで上昇したことに起因し
ていることが明らかである。
[Table 1] (Evaluation) It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example that the purification rate is improved only by reducing the foil thickness of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side. This is apparently due to the fact that the temperature of the central portion of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side quickly rose to the catalyst activation temperature.

【0017】また実施例1と実施例2、3との比較によ
り、上流側のハニカム体1の触媒担持層の厚さを厚くし
たり、上流側のハニカム体1の触媒担持層に含まれるセ
リア量を増大することにより、上流側のハニカム体1の
中心部の温度が一層高くなりやすく、浄化率も一層向上
していることがわかる。
Further, by comparing Example 1 with Examples 2 and 3, the thickness of the catalyst supporting layer of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side is increased or the ceria contained in the catalyst supporting layer of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side is increased. It can be seen that by increasing the amount, the temperature at the center of the honeycomb body 1 on the upstream side is more likely to be higher, and the purification rate is further improved.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】すなわち本発明のタンデム型メタル担体
触媒によれば、排気ガス上流側のハニカム体の板厚を薄
くすることにより径方向の熱伝導量が小さくなって熱が
伝わりにくくなり、ヒートスポットが発生し易くなるた
め、早期に触媒活性温度まで上昇し、始動時などの浄化
性能に優れている。
According to the tandem-type metal carrier catalyst of the present invention, the thickness of the honeycomb body on the upstream side of the exhaust gas is reduced, so that the amount of heat conduction in the radial direction is reduced, so that heat is not easily transmitted. Since spots are easily generated, the temperature quickly rises to the catalyst activation temperature, and the purification performance at the time of starting or the like is excellent.

【0019】また、板厚を薄くした分触媒担持層の厚さ
を厚くすれば、触媒金属が高分散化して耐久性が一層向
上し、また上流側にセリアを多く含有させることにより
始動直後のリッチ雰囲気下でセリアが酸素を放出するた
め、触媒反応が一層生じやすくなり着火性が向上する。
これらの副次的な効果により、触媒性能を一層向上させ
ることができる。
Further, if the thickness of the catalyst supporting layer is increased by the reduced thickness, the catalyst metal is highly dispersed and the durability is further improved. Since ceria releases oxygen in a rich atmosphere, a catalytic reaction is more likely to occur and ignitability is improved.
Due to these secondary effects, the catalyst performance can be further improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例のタンデム型メタル担体触媒
の一部破断斜視図である。
FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view of a tandem-type metal carrier catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1:ハニカム体(上流側) 2:ハニカム体(下流
側) 3:外筒
1: Honeycomb body (upstream side) 2: Honeycomb body (downstream side) 3: Outer cylinder

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 波板と平板を重ねて形成されたハニカム
体が排気ガスの流れ方向に間隔を隔てて複数個配置され
てなるタンデム型メタル担体触媒であって、排気ガス流
の上流側の該ハニカム体の少なくとも該波板の板厚を下
流側の該ハニカム体の板厚より薄くしたことを特徴とす
るタンデム型メタル担体触媒。
1. A tandem-type metal carrier catalyst comprising a plurality of honeycomb bodies formed by laminating a corrugated plate and a flat plate at intervals in a flow direction of exhaust gas, the honeycomb body being provided on an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow. A tandem-type metal-supported catalyst wherein at least the corrugated plate of the honeycomb body is thinner than the downstream honeycomb body.
JP25499792A 1992-09-24 1992-09-24 Tandem-type metal supported catalyst Expired - Fee Related JP3252983B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP25499792A JP3252983B2 (en) 1992-09-24 1992-09-24 Tandem-type metal supported catalyst

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JP25499792A JP3252983B2 (en) 1992-09-24 1992-09-24 Tandem-type metal supported catalyst

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JPH0699076A JPH0699076A (en) 1994-04-12
JP3252983B2 true JP3252983B2 (en) 2002-02-04

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DE19820426C1 (en) * 1998-05-07 2000-03-16 Siemens Ag catalyst module
EP1580288B1 (en) 2002-11-20 2014-11-12 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Materials Co., Ltd. High al stainless steel sheet, honeycomb bodies employing the steel sheet and use of the steel sheet for a honeycomb body
JP4503304B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2010-07-14 株式会社キャタラー Exhaust gas purification catalyst
JP5072340B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2012-11-14 株式会社キャタラー Metal carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst

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