JP3245686U - When a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter is attached to a camera and a wide-angle photograph is taken, the four corners and the left and right sides of the photograph produce an unnatural image with contrast and color tone that are different from the center. A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter according to claim 2, wherein the problem is improved by attaching a circularly polarizing filter, and the polarizing film is not deteriorated by ultraviolet rays. - Google Patents

When a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter is attached to a camera and a wide-angle photograph is taken, the four corners and the left and right sides of the photograph produce an unnatural image with contrast and color tone that are different from the center. A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter according to claim 2, wherein the problem is improved by attaching a circularly polarizing filter, and the polarizing film is not deteriorated by ultraviolet rays. Download PDF

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JP3245686U
JP3245686U JP2023003220U JP2023003220U JP3245686U JP 3245686 U JP3245686 U JP 3245686U JP 2023003220 U JP2023003220 U JP 2023003220U JP 2023003220 U JP2023003220 U JP 2023003220U JP 3245686 U JP3245686 U JP 3245686U
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茂男 岡本
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Abstract

【課題】カメラ用の偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターにおいて、特に広角レンズの撮影に於いて、写真の中心部と四隅の画像のコントラストと色調の差を改善させることができ、フィルターを回転させることなく、隈なく全体の界面反射を50%から80%程度減少させ、解像度を向上させることができ、紫外線による偏光膜の劣化を防ぐ。【解決手段】カメラ用の偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターは、レンズの先端に装着する為の金枠5、6の中に、偏光度が50%から80%程度の範囲とする偏光膜3を光学ガラス1、2で挟み込んだものを組み込んで作られ、フィルターの被写体側のガラス1に紫外線遮断ガラスを配置する。【選択図】図2[Problem] In polarizing filters and circular polarizing filters for cameras, it is possible to improve the contrast and color tone difference between the center and four corners of a photo, especially when shooting with a wide-angle lens, without rotating the filter. , it is possible to reduce the overall interfacial reflection by approximately 50% to 80%, improve resolution, and prevent deterioration of the polarizing film due to ultraviolet rays. [Solution] Polarizing filters and circular polarizing filters for cameras include a polarizing film 3 with a degree of polarization in the range of about 50% to 80% in metal frames 5 and 6 to be attached to the tip of the lens. It is made by incorporating a filter sandwiched between glasses 1 and 2, and an ultraviolet blocking glass is placed on glass 1 on the subject side of the filter. [Selection diagram] Figure 2

Description

偏光膜の偏光度が50%から80%程度の膜を採用することで、画面の偏光度の偏りをなくし、不自然なコントラストと色調を改善し、更に2枚の偏光膜の光軸を直交させることで、画面全体の風景の乱反射も減少させ、解像度を向上させる。また、紫外線遮断ガラスを被写体側に配置することで紫外線による偏光膜の劣化も防ぐことができる技術。By using a polarizing film with a polarization degree of about 50% to 80%, we can eliminate the bias in the polarization degree of the screen, improve unnatural contrast and color tone, and also make the optical axes of the two polarizing films perpendicular. By doing so, it also reduces the diffused reflection of scenery across the screen, improving resolution. This technology also prevents the polarizing film from deteriorating due to UV rays by placing UV blocking glass on the subject side.

総ての物質は光の反射でその存在を知ることができるが、金属光沢を有する物質以外で、入射角によっては、フレネル反射(屈折率の異なる物質の境界面で、ある入射角以上になると垂直方向に振動しているP波は透過や吸収されるが、水平方向に振動しているS波は反射される。S波の反射が始まる角度は二つの物質の屈折率の差で決定される)が起こる物質がある。この反射されたS波を偏光フィルターで遮断することで、クリアーな視野の確保や撮影ができる偏光サングラスや偏光フィルターは既に商品が存在している。The existence of all substances can be known by the reflection of light, but with the exception of substances with metallic luster, depending on the angle of incidence, Fresnel reflection (at the interface between substances with different refractive indexes, when the angle of incidence exceeds a certain P-waves vibrating in the vertical direction are transmitted or absorbed, but S-waves vibrating in the horizontal direction are reflected.The angle at which S-wave reflection begins is determined by the difference in the refractive index of the two materials. There are substances that cause There are already products such as polarized sunglasses and polarized filters that can be used to block this reflected S-wave with a polarized filter to ensure a clear field of view and take photos.

しかし、昨今のカメラレンズは、広角になっているので、写真の中心部と四隅では入射光の角度が異なる。偏光フィルター若しくは円偏光フィルターを装着し川や湖面等を撮影すると、中心部の水面の画像は、S波が除去され、コントラストは良いが、四隅の水面は、S波が十分除去できず、全体としてコントラストの不自然な画像になる。また、空は太陽が横にある場合、前方の空から来る光は、レイリー散乱(波長よりも小さいサイズの粒子による光の散乱)で殆ど偏光となっている。それを偏光フィルター若しくは円偏光フィルターを使って除去すると、赤い色の光に比べて5倍も散乱される青い色の空の光が濃く見える。広角撮影の場合、四隅は入射角が変わるので、偏光が除去しきれず、色調の不自然な画像となる。However, modern camera lenses have wide angles, so the angle of the incident light is different between the center and the four corners of the photo. When you take a picture of a river or lake surface with a polarizing filter or circular polarizing filter attached, the S waves are removed from the image of the water surface in the center and the contrast is good, but the S waves cannot be removed sufficiently from the water surface at the four corners, and the entire image is distorted. This results in an image with unnatural contrast. Furthermore, when the sun is on the side of the sky, most of the light coming from the sky in front becomes polarized light due to Rayleigh scattering (scattering of light by particles smaller than the wavelength). When this is removed using a polarizing filter or a circularly polarizing filter, the blue sky light, which is scattered five times more than the red light, appears darker. In the case of wide-angle photography, since the angle of incidence changes at the four corners, polarization cannot be completely removed, resulting in an image with unnatural color tones.

サングラスの場合は横臥すると、視野の界面反射光が転換し偏光サングラス本来の性能が阻害される。In the case of sunglasses, when you lie down, the light reflected from the interface in your field of vision changes, impeding the original performance of polarized sunglasses.

現在、市販されているカメラ用偏光フィルターの偏光度は95%以上であるので、この偏光フィルターを光軸が直交するように2枚重ねると、一枚目を通過した偏光波は二枚目のフィルターを通過できないため、殆ど真っ暗になり、偏光膜を2枚直交させた構造の商品は存在していない。Currently, the polarization degree of commercially available polarizing filters for cameras is over 95%, so if you stack two polarizing filters so that their optical axes are perpendicular, the polarized light that has passed through the first filter will pass through the second filter. Since it cannot pass through a filter, it becomes almost pitch black, and there are no products with a structure in which two polarizing films are orthogonally crossed.

偏光膜は紫外線で劣化するので、野外での使用は製品に寿命がある。The polarizing film deteriorates due to UV rays, so the product has a limited lifespan when used outdoors.

請求項1のカメラでの広角撮影に於いて、中心部と四隅のコントラストと色調の差を改善し、バランスの取れた写真となる。In wide-angle photography with the camera of claim 1, contrast and color tone differences between the center and the four corners are improved, resulting in a well-balanced photograph.

請求項2で、画面や視野が、水平から垂直までの90度、即ち360度全周、
界面反射が50%から80%程度少ない、コントラストが良い画像になり、
解像度を向上させる。カメラフィルターの場合は、回転枠が不要になる。
サングラスでは、横臥しても界面反射の波長が転換することなく、いかなる姿勢に於いても、コントラストの良い視野が可能となる。また、隈なく全体の界面反射即ち、乱反射を50%から80%程度減少させることができ、クリアーな視野が確保できる。
In claim 2, the screen or field of view is 90 degrees from horizontal to vertical, that is, 360 degrees all around,
The result is an image with good contrast and 50% to 80% less interface reflection.
Improve resolution. In the case of camera filters, a rotation frame is no longer necessary.
With sunglasses, the wavelength of the interfacial reflection does not change even when lying down, and it is possible to see with good contrast in any posture. Further, the entire interface reflection, that is, diffuse reflection, can be reduced by about 50% to 80%, and a clear field of view can be ensured.

請求項3及び請求項4で、紫外線による偏光膜の劣化がない製品とする。Claims 3 and 4 provide a product in which the polarizing film does not deteriorate due to ultraviolet rays.

請求項1、偏光フィルターの偏光度を50%から80%程度の範囲とすることで写真の中心部と四隅のコントラストと色調の差を改善させることができる。Claim 1: By setting the degree of polarization of the polarizing filter in the range of about 50% to 80%, contrast and color tone differences between the center and the four corners of the photograph can be improved.

請求項2で、偏光度が50%から80%程度の範囲の同じ偏光度の偏光膜を2枚、光軸が直交するように重ねることで、画面の水平から垂直、即ち360度全周、総ての界面反射を50%から80%程度減少させることができ解像度を向上させる。この場合の画面全体の平均透過率は、偏光度が50%の場合50%、80%の場合20%になる。デジタルカメラの感度は向上しており、この平均透過率での撮影は全く問題ない。また、一般的なサングラスの透過率は50%から15%なので、サングラスとしても有効である。In claim 2, by stacking two polarizing films with the same degree of polarization in the range of about 50% to 80% so that their optical axes are perpendicular to each other, the screen can be polarized from horizontal to vertical, that is, all around 360 degrees. All interface reflections can be reduced by about 50% to 80%, improving resolution. In this case, the average transmittance of the entire screen is 50% when the degree of polarization is 50%, and 20% when the degree of polarization is 80%. The sensitivity of digital cameras has improved, and there is no problem with shooting at this average transmittance. Further, since the transmittance of general sunglasses is 50% to 15%, they are also effective as sunglasses.

請求項3若しくは請求項4で、被写体側のガラスを紫外線遮断ガラスとすることで、紫外線による偏光膜の劣化がなくなる。In claim 3 or 4, the glass on the object side is made of ultraviolet blocking glass, thereby eliminating deterioration of the polarizing film due to ultraviolet rays.

請求項1及び請求項3及び請求項4の偏光フィルターの断面図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a polarizing filter according to claims 1, 3, and 4. 請求項1及び請求項3の円偏光フィルターと請求項2及び請求項4の偏光フィルターの断面図Cross-sectional views of circularly polarizing filters according to claims 1 and 3 and polarizing filters according to claims 2 and 4 請求項2及び請求項3の円偏光フィルターの断面図A sectional view of a circularly polarizing filter according to claims 2 and 3.

偏光膜の偏光度が現在の95%以上ではなく50%から80%程度の膜を採用することで、広角撮影画面の偏光度の偏りを緩和し、不自然なコントラストと色調が改善できる。また、紫外線遮断ガラスを被写体側(前面)に配置することで紫外線による偏光膜の劣化も防ぐことができる技術。By adopting a polarizing film with a polarization degree of around 50% to 80%, rather than the current 95% or more, it is possible to alleviate the bias in the polarization degree of wide-angle shooting screens and improve unnatural contrast and color tone. This technology also prevents deterioration of the polarizing film due to UV rays by placing UV blocking glass on the subject side (front).

人間は可視光の反射で物質の存在を認知しているが、その反射で「フレネル反射」(物質の境界面である照射角以上になると垂直方向に振動している光〔P波〕は透過や吸収されるが、水平方向に振動している光〔S波〕は反射される)が起こる物質がある。例えば水面やガラスなどの物体で顕著に確認できるがこのフレネル反射で反射されたS波を偏光フィルター若しくは円偏光フィルターで遮断することで、コントラストの良い鮮やかな撮影ができる。Humans recognize the existence of matter by the reflection of visible light, but this reflection causes "Fresnel reflection" (when the irradiation angle exceeds the boundary surface of the material, light oscillating in the vertical direction [P waves] is transmitted). There are some substances in which light that vibrates in the horizontal direction (S waves) is reflected. For example, by blocking the S-waves reflected by Fresnel reflection, which can be clearly seen on objects such as water surfaces and glass, with a polarizing filter or circularly polarizing filter, it is possible to take clear photographs with good contrast.

また、太陽が撮影者の横にある場合の空の撮影では、空の光は「レイリー散乱」(波長よりも小さいサイズの粒子による光の散乱)により偏光(S波)となっている。それを偏光フィルター若しくは円偏光フィルターを使ってS波を遮断すると空をより濃く撮影できる。現在販売されている偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターは「フレネル反射」と「レイリー散乱」のS波を95%以上遮断している。Furthermore, when photographing the sky when the sun is next to the photographer, the light in the sky becomes polarized light (S waves) due to "Rayleigh scattering" (scattering of light by particles smaller than the wavelength). If you use a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter to block the S waves, you can photograph the sky more clearly. Polarizing filters and circularly polarizing filters currently on the market block more than 95% of S waves caused by Fresnel reflection and Rayleigh scattering.

しかし、昨今のカメラレンズは、広角になってきているので、写真の四隅や左右の入射光の角度が以前より大きくなってきている。従って現行の偏光フィルター若しくは円偏光フィルターを装着し川や湖面、空等を広角で撮影すると、S波が95%以上遮断されている部分の画像のコントラストは良いが、入射光の角度が大きくなっているので、画像全体でのS波95%以上は遮断しきれずコントラストのバランスや色調が不自然になっている。However, as modern camera lenses have become wider, the angles of incident light on the four corners and left and right sides of a photograph are becoming larger than before. Therefore, when a current polarizing filter or circular polarizing filter is attached to take a wide-angle photograph of a river, lake surface, sky, etc., the contrast of the image is good in areas where 95% or more of S waves are blocked, but the angle of the incident light is large. Therefore, more than 95% of S waves in the entire image cannot be blocked, resulting in unnatural contrast balance and color tone.

偏光度が現在の95%以上ではなく50%から80%程度の膜を採用することでS波の95%以上の遮断できる部分はなくなるが、広角撮影画面全体に於いての極端なコントラストや色調の差が解消できる。By adopting a film with a polarization degree of around 50% to 80% instead of the current 95% or more, there will be no part that can block more than 95% of S waves, but it will prevent extreme contrast and color tone across the entire wide-angle shooting screen. The difference can be resolved.

偏光膜は紫外線で劣化する。しかし、紫外線は光学ガラスを透過するので、光学ガラスで偏光膜を挟み込んだ偏光フィルター或いは円偏光フィルターでの日中の野外撮影では偏光膜が徐々に劣化し製品に寿命ができる。Polarizing films deteriorate when exposed to ultraviolet light. However, since ultraviolet rays pass through optical glass, if you use a polarizing filter with a polarizing film sandwiched between optical glasses or a circularly polarizing filter to take photos outdoors during the day, the polarizing film will gradually deteriorate and the life of the product will be shortened.

請求項1は、広角撮影に於いて、中心部と四隅や左右のコントラストと色調の差を縮小させ不自然さが改善された写真となる。According to the first aspect, in wide-angle photography, the difference in contrast and color tone between the center and the four corners, and between the left and right sides is reduced, resulting in a photograph in which unnaturalness is improved.

請求項2は、紫外線での偏光膜が劣化しない製品となる。The second aspect provides a product in which the polarizing film does not deteriorate under ultraviolet rays.

請求項1、偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターの偏光度を50%から80%程度の範囲とすることで広角写真の中心部と四隅や左右の、コントラストと色調の差を改善させることができる。Claim 1: By setting the degree of polarization of the polarizing filter and the circularly polarizing filter to a range of about 50% to 80%, it is possible to improve contrast and color tone differences between the center and the four corners, and between the left and right sides of a wide-angle photograph.

請求項2、被写体側のガラスを紫外線遮断ガラスとすることで紫外線による偏光膜の劣化がなくなる。A second aspect of the present invention is that the glass on the subject side is made of ultraviolet blocking glass, thereby eliminating deterioration of the polarizing film due to ultraviolet rays.

請求項1及び請求項2の偏光フィルターの断面図。FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a polarizing filter according to claims 1 and 2. 請求項1及び請求項2の円偏光フィルターの断面図A sectional view of a circularly polarizing filter according to claims 1 and 2.

Claims (4)

カメラ用の偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターで偏光度が50%から80%程度の範囲の製品。Polarizing filters and circular polarizing filters for cameras with a degree of polarization ranging from 50% to 80%. 偏光度が50%から80%程度で同じ偏光度の2枚の偏光膜の光軸を直交させて光学ガラスで挟み1枚のフィルターとした偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルター。サングラス用途の場合は偏光フィルターで、プラスチックで挟むことも可能である。A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter are two polarizing films with a polarization degree of about 50% to 80%, with their optical axes perpendicular to each other and sandwiched between optical glasses to form a single filter. For use in sunglasses, it can also be sandwiched between plastic and polarizing filters. 請求項1と請求項2のフィルターの被写体側のガラスに紫外線遮断ガラスを採用した製品。A product in which ultraviolet-blocking glass is used as the glass on the subject side of the filter according to claims 1 and 2. カメラ用の偏光フィルター及び円偏光フィルターで偏光度が90%程度以上で被写体側に紫外線遮断ガラスを採用したフィルター。Polarizing filters and circular polarizing filters for cameras that have a degree of polarization of approximately 90% or more and that use ultraviolet blocking glass on the subject side.
JP2023003220U 2023-08-21 2023-08-21 When a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter is attached to a camera and a wide-angle photograph is taken, the four corners and the left and right sides of the photograph produce an unnatural image with contrast and color tone that are different from the center. A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter according to claim 2, wherein the problem is improved by attaching a circularly polarizing filter, and the polarizing film is not deteriorated by ultraviolet rays. Active JP3245686U (en)

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JP2023003220U JP3245686U (en) 2023-08-21 2023-08-21 When a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter is attached to a camera and a wide-angle photograph is taken, the four corners and the left and right sides of the photograph produce an unnatural image with contrast and color tone that are different from the center. A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter according to claim 2, wherein the problem is improved by attaching a circularly polarizing filter, and the polarizing film is not deteriorated by ultraviolet rays.

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JP2023003220U JP3245686U (en) 2023-08-21 2023-08-21 When a polarizing filter or a circular polarizing filter is attached to a camera and a wide-angle photograph is taken, the four corners and the left and right sides of the photograph produce an unnatural image with contrast and color tone that are different from the center. A polarizing filter and a circularly polarizing filter according to claim 2, wherein the problem is improved by attaching a circularly polarizing filter, and the polarizing film is not deteriorated by ultraviolet rays.

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