JP3245585B2 - Head mounted display device - Google Patents

Head mounted display device

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Publication number
JP3245585B2
JP3245585B2 JP2000118017A JP2000118017A JP3245585B2 JP 3245585 B2 JP3245585 B2 JP 3245585B2 JP 2000118017 A JP2000118017 A JP 2000118017A JP 2000118017 A JP2000118017 A JP 2000118017A JP 3245585 B2 JP3245585 B2 JP 3245585B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optical system
display device
prism
prism member
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2000118017A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2000352692A (en
Inventor
修 小沼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olympus Corp
Original Assignee
Olympus Optical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olympus Optical Co Ltd filed Critical Olympus Optical Co Ltd
Priority to JP2000118017A priority Critical patent/JP3245585B2/en
Publication of JP2000352692A publication Critical patent/JP2000352692A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3245585B2 publication Critical patent/JP3245585B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a head mounted display device equipped with a compact enlarging optical system capable of compensating the most off-axis distortion aberration to about 5% in spite of such a wide viewing angle that a horizontal viewing angle is >=30 deg.. SOLUTION: This head mounted display device includes a display element D displaying the contents of information and an optical system enlarging and projecting the displayed contents as a virtual image to an eyeball without forming them into an image in an optical path. In the device, the optical system is provided with at least a prism member P, and the member P is constituted to include an incident surface arranged on the element D side, a reflection surface R whose concave surface faces to a prism medium side and which gives power to luminous flux, and a transmission and reflection surface used both for the transmitting action and the reflecting action of the luminous flux and arranged at a position where the optical path is folded back in order to realize compaction between the surface R and this surface. The incident surface of the member P is constituted of an aspherical surface.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、頭部装着式表示装
置に関し、特に、使用者の頭部もしくは顔面に保持する
ことが可能なポータブル型の頭部又は顔面装着式視覚表
示装置に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a head mounted display, and more particularly to a portable head or face mounted visual display capable of being held on a user's head or face. is there.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年、バーチャルリアリティー用、ある
いは、個人的に大画面の映像を楽しむことを目的とし
て、ヘルメット型、ゴーグル型の頭部又は顔面に保持す
る視覚表示装置が開発されている。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a helmet-type or goggle-type visual display device for holding on a head or face has been developed for virtual reality purposes or for personally enjoying a large-screen image.

【0003】例えば、特開平3−191389号におい
ては、図8に示すように、情報の内容を表示する2次元
表示素子1と、その表示内容を眼球に拡大投影するため
に表示素子1と対向して設けられた凹面鏡2と、両者の
間に配置された半透鏡3とを備えることにより、小型の
表示装置で大画面の画像が得られるものである。さら
に、上記半透鏡3に外界像をも透過する作用を持たせれ
ば、表示素子1上の像と外界像を同時に重ね合わせて見
ることができる。眼球と接眼光学系との間の作動距離を
かせぐためには、この半透鏡3は、図9に示すように、
半透過面を有するビームスプリッタプリズム4としても
よい。その場合、凹面鏡2の代わりに裏面鏡5を用い
る。これらの接眼光学系は、観察画角が水平方向すなわ
ちxz平面で約30°程度を想定している。画角30°
は、1mの位置で26インチのテレビを鑑賞する画角に
相当するものである。図9の構成の水平画角30°の接
眼光学系の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横収差を表
す収差図を図10に示した。
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-191389, as shown in FIG. 8, a two-dimensional display element 1 for displaying the content of information and a display element 1 facing the display element for enlarging and projecting the display content on an eyeball. By providing the concave mirror 2 provided as described above and the semi-transparent mirror 3 disposed between the two, a large screen image can be obtained with a small display device. Furthermore, if the semi-transparent mirror 3 has the function of transmitting an external image, the image on the display device 1 and the external image can be simultaneously superimposed and viewed. In order to increase the working distance between the eyeball and the eyepiece optical system, as shown in FIG.
The beam splitter prism 4 having a semi-transmissive surface may be used. In that case, a back mirror 5 is used instead of the concave mirror 2. These eyepiece optical systems assume that the viewing angle of view is about 30 ° in the horizontal direction, that is, on the xz plane. Angle of view 30 °
Is equivalent to the angle of view for watching a 26-inch television at a position of 1 m. FIG. 10 is an aberration diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration of the eyepiece optical system having a horizontal angle of view of 30 ° in the configuration of FIG.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】頭部装着式表示装置の
臨場感をさらに増加させるには、眼球に拡大投影する映
像の水平方向画角を30°よりもさらに大きくとること
が必要である。前記した従来の接眼光学系は、コンパク
トでありながら、図10の収差図に示したように、良好
に収差が補正できるという、頭部装着式表示装置として
非常に重要な特徴があるので、この特徴を有効に生かし
ながら、いかにして水平方向の画角を30°以上に大き
くとるかが重要になってくる。実際には、このような構
成の接眼光学系では、画角を大きくするに従いプリズム
形状が大きくなるのは自明である。こうなると、接眼光
学系が大きく重くなり、頭部装着式表示装置としては致
命的な欠点となる。そこで、眼球とプリズムの間に正レ
ンズを設け、光線を屈曲させてなるべくプリズムをコン
パクトにしようとする設計は可能であるのだが、この光
学系では、最軸外の歪曲収差が10%以上発生し、周辺
の画像の歪みが大きくなって、逆に、臨場感に欠けた映
像を提供してしまうこととなる。本出願人が実際に観察
した結果、歪曲収差は5%程度もしくはそれ以下であれ
ば、臨場感を損なうことなく映像が鑑賞できることが分
かっており、画角が30°以上であっても、歪曲収差を
5%程度に補正することが必要不可欠である。
In order to further increase the sense of realism of the head mounted display device, it is necessary to increase the horizontal angle of view of the image to be enlarged and projected on the eyeball to more than 30 °. The conventional eyepiece optical system described above has a very important characteristic as a head-mounted display device, which is compact but can correct aberrations well as shown in the aberration diagram of FIG. It is important how to obtain a horizontal angle of view of 30 ° or more while effectively utilizing the features. In fact, in the eyepiece optical system having such a configuration, it is obvious that the prism shape increases as the angle of view increases. In this case, the eyepiece optical system becomes large and heavy, which is a fatal defect for a head mounted display device. Therefore, it is possible to provide a positive lens between the eyeball and the prism to bend the light beam to make the prism as compact as possible. However, in this optical system, off-axis distortion of 10% or more occurs. However, the distortion of the peripheral image becomes large, and conversely, an image lacking a sense of reality is provided. As a result of actual observation by the present applicant, it has been found that if the distortion is about 5% or less, the image can be viewed without impairing the realism. Even if the angle of view is 30 ° or more, the distortion can be obtained. It is essential to correct the aberration to about 5%.

【0005】本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされた
ものであり、その目的は、水平画角が30°以上の広画
角でありながら、最軸外の歪曲収差の発生を5%程度に
補正できるコンパクトな拡大光学系を備えた頭部装着式
表示装置を提供することである。
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the occurrence of off-axis distortion by about 5% while maintaining a wide angle of view of 30 ° or more. It is an object of the present invention to provide a head-mounted display device having a compact magnifying optical system capable of correcting an image.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記問題点を解決するた
めに、本発明の頭部装着式表示装置は、少なくとも、情
報の内容を表示する表示素子と、その表示内容を光路中
で結像することなく眼球に虚像として拡大投影する光学
系とを含んだ頭部装着式表示装置において、前記光学系
が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、前記プリズム部材
が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射面と、プリズム媒
質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与える反射面と、光束
の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ前記反射面との間
でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返す位置に配置され
た透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成され、前記プリズム部
材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、前記入射面の非球
面形状が、光軸から離れる方向に向かって、相対的に正
パワーから負パワーに変換する形状を含んで構成されて
いることを特徴とするものである。本発明のもう1つの
頭部装着式表示装置は、少なくとも、情報の内容を表示
する表示素子と、その表示内容を光路中で結像すること
なく眼球に虚像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭
部装着式表示装置において、前記光学系が、少なくとも
プリズム部材を有し、前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素
子側に配置された入射面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向
け光束にパワーを与える反射面と、光束の透過作用と反
射作用とを兼用しかつ前記反射面との間でコンパクト化
のために光路を折り返す位置に配置された透過反射兼用
面とを含んで構成され、前記プリズム部材の前記入射面
が非球面で構成され、前記入射面の非球面が、前記表示
素子から射出される軸外光束径が小さい状態の内に収差
補正作用を与えるよう構成されていることを特徴とする
ものである。本発明のさらにもう1つの頭部装着式表示
装置は、少なくとも、情報の内容を表示する表示素子
と、その表示内容を光路中で結像することなく眼球に虚
像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭部装着式表示
装置において、前記光学系が、少なくともプリズム部材
を有し、前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素子側に配置さ
れた入射面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワ
ーを与える反射面と、光束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼
用しかつ前記反射面との間でコンパクト化のために光路
を折り返す位置に配置された透過反射兼用面とを含んで
構成され、前記プリズム部材の前記入射面が非球面で構
成され、前記入射面の非球面が、コマ収差や非点収差を
悪化させることなく、歪曲収差を効果的に補正するよう
に構成されていることを特徴とするものである。本発明
の別のもう1つの頭部装着式表示装置は、少なくとも、
情報の内容を表示する表示素子と、その表示内容を光路
中で結像することなく眼球に虚像として拡大投影する光
学系とを含んだ頭部装着式表示装置において、前記光学
系が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、前記プリズム部
材が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射面と、プリズム
媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与える反射面と、光
束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ前記反射面との
間でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返す位置に配置さ
れた透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成され、前記プリズム
部材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、前記プリズム部
材は、少なくとも前記入射面が前記非球面形状にて構成
されることによって、歪曲収差を5%以下となるように
構成されていることを特徴とするものである。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a head-mounted display device according to the present invention comprises at least a display element for displaying information contents and an image of the display contents in an optical path. A head-mounted display device including an optical system for enlarging and projecting as a virtual image onto an eyeball without performing, the optical system includes at least a prism member, and the prism member is disposed on the display element side. A surface, a reflecting surface that directs a concave surface toward the prism medium and gives power to the light beam, and is disposed at a position where the light path is turned back for compactness between the reflecting surface, which combines the transmitting operation and the reflecting operation of the light beam and the reflecting surface. Transmission / reflection combined surface, the entrance surface of the prism member is constituted by an aspheric surface, and the aspheric shape of the entrance surface is relatively positive power in a direction away from the optical axis. Negative power And it is characterized in that it is configured to include a shape to be converted into. Another head-mounted display device of the present invention includes at least a display element for displaying the content of information and an optical system for enlarging and projecting the display content as a virtual image on an eyeball without forming an image in an optical path. In the head-mounted display device, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member directs a concave surface toward the prism medium side and an incident surface disposed on the display element side to apply power to the light flux. The prism member, comprising: a reflecting surface; and a transmitting / reflecting surface, which has a function of transmitting and reflecting a light beam and is disposed at a position where an optical path is turned back for compactness between the reflecting surface and the reflecting surface. Wherein the incident surface is constituted by an aspherical surface, and the aspherical surface of the incident surface is configured to provide an aberration correcting function while the off-axis light beam diameter emitted from the display element is small. You It is intended. Still another head-mounted display device of the present invention includes at least a display element for displaying the content of information and an optical system for enlarging and projecting the display content as a virtual image on an eyeball without forming the display content in an optical path. In the head-mounted display device including the optical system, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member directs a concave surface to the prism medium side and a power to a light flux with the incident surface arranged on the display element side. The prism comprising: a reflecting surface to be provided; and a transmitting / reflecting surface which is used for both transmitting and reflecting the light beam and is disposed at a position where an optical path is turned back for compactness between the reflecting surface and the reflecting surface. The incident surface of the member is formed of an aspheric surface, and the aspheric surface of the incident surface is configured to effectively correct distortion without deteriorating coma and astigmatism. You It is intended. Another head mounted display of the present invention comprises at least:
In a head-mounted display device including a display element for displaying information content and an optical system for enlarging and projecting the display content as a virtual image on an eyeball without forming the display content in an optical path, the optical system includes at least a prism. Having a member, the prism member, the incident surface disposed on the display element side, a reflecting surface that directs a concave surface toward the prism medium side to apply power to the light beam, and has both a transmitting effect and a reflecting effect of the light beam; A transmission / reflection combined surface disposed at a position where an optical path is turned back for compactness between the reflection surface and the reflection surface, and the incident surface of the prism member is configured as an aspheric surface, and the prism member is At least the incident surface has the aspherical shape, so that distortion is reduced to 5% or less.

【0007】以下、上記構成を採用する理由とその作用
について詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, the reason for adopting the above configuration and its operation will be described in detail.

【0008】説明の都合上、ここでは、光線追跡は、眼
球側を物点側とし表示素子を像点側とした逆追跡を用い
ることとする。
For convenience of explanation, the ray tracing here uses reverse tracing with the eyeball side as the object point side and the display element as the image point side.

【0009】図9のような構成の表示装置において、光
軸屈曲手段はビームスプリッタプリズム4であるが、こ
れは、プリズムにより光路長を増して、半透鏡の場合に
不足する眼と光学系間の作動距離を大きくするために必
要な構成要素である。
In the display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the optical axis bending means is a beam splitter prism 4, which increases the optical path length due to the prism, and is insufficient between the eye and the optical system in the case of a semi-transparent mirror. This is a necessary component for increasing the working distance of the camera.

【0010】図7は、凹面反射鏡による歪曲収差の発生
を説明するための図であり、図の(i)は、図8又は図
9の光学系を薄肉系として扱った歪曲収差のない理想
系、図の(ii)は凹面反射鏡による実際の光線追跡を
した系である。光学系の焦点距離をf、半画角をθとす
ると、焦点位置に眼球を配置していることから、その像
高y、y’は、(i)の場合、 y=f tanθ …(3) (ii)の場合、 y’=f sinθ …(4) となる。したがって、歪曲収差は、パーセントで表示す
れば、 〔(f sinθ−f tanθ)/f tanθ〕×100 =〔( sinθ− tanθ)/ tanθ〕×100 =〔 cosθ−1〕×100 …(5) となる。0<θ<90°の範囲では、( cosθ−1)<
0 であるから、凹面反射鏡を用いる本光学系の歪曲収
差はマイナスの値をとる。また、θが大きくなる程、
(5)式はマイナスに大きな値をとる。すなわち、画角
を大きくする程、マイナスの歪曲収差が大きくなる。
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the generation of distortion by a concave reflecting mirror. FIG. 7 (i) shows an ideal case free from distortion when the optical system of FIG. 8 or 9 is treated as a thin system. The system (ii) in the figure is a system in which actual ray tracing by a concave reflecting mirror is performed. Assuming that the focal length of the optical system is f and the half angle of view is θ, since the eyeball is located at the focal position, the image height y, y ′ is, in the case of (i), y = f tan θ (3) In the case of (ii), y ′ = f sin θ (4) Therefore, the distortion can be expressed as a percentage as follows: [(f sin θ−f tan θ) / f tan θ] × 100 = [(sin θ−tan θ) / tan θ] × 100 = [cos θ−1] × 100 (5) Becomes In the range of 0 <θ <90 °, (cosθ−1) <
Since it is 0, the distortion of the optical system using the concave reflecting mirror takes a negative value. Also, as θ increases,
Equation (5) takes a negatively large value. That is, as the angle of view increases, the negative distortion increases.

【0011】実際、(5)式で画角2θ=30°をとる
と、−4%の歪曲収差が発生するが、この程度であれば
問題なく画像を鑑賞できる。しかし、2θが30°を超
えると、さらに大きなマイナスの歪曲収差が発生する。
さらに、画角を大きくしながらも、プリズムの大きさを
大きくしないようにしようとするには、瞳孔とプリズム
の間に正レンズを設けるのが好ましいが、この場合も、
正レンズの瞳孔側の面でさらにマイナスの歪曲収差が発
生する。本発明は、この歪曲収差を−5%程度まで小さ
くすることに成功したものである。
In fact, if the angle of view 2θ = 30 ° in the equation (5), a distortion of −4% is generated, but with this degree, the image can be viewed without any problem. However, when 2θ exceeds 30 °, even greater negative distortion occurs.
Further, in order to increase the angle of view, but not to increase the size of the prism, it is preferable to provide a positive lens between the pupil and the prism.
Further negative distortion occurs on the pupil side surface of the positive lens. The present invention has succeeded in reducing this distortion to about -5%.

【0012】本発明では、この歪曲収差の補正のため
に、非球面を用いた。収差補正のために非球面を用いる
ことはよく行われる方法であるが、本発明では、表示素
子側のプリズム面を非球面とすることを特徴とするもの
である。非球面を採用する面は他にもあるが、本発明の
接眼光学系は光路途中で結像することなく虚像を投影す
るものであるので、例えば軸外の光束径が大きい面で歪
曲収差を補正する、すなわち、主光線を操作する非球面
を採用すると、その上側従属光線と下側従属光線がその
非球面に入射する角度が大きく異なり、コマ収差が大き
く発生し、また、子午面と球欠面の曲率が異なってくる
ため、非点収差が大きく発生してしまう。そこで、表示
素子に近い面、すなわち、逆追跡においては像面に近い
面においては、軸外主光線高が高い上に軸外光束径が小
さいので、この面に非球面を採用することにより、コマ
収差、非点収差を悪化させることなく、主光線を操作で
き、歪曲収差だけを効果的に補正することができる。本
発明の光学系では、表示素子側のプリズム面のみがそれ
を達成できる面である。
In the present invention, an aspherical surface is used for correcting the distortion. It is a common practice to use an aspheric surface for aberration correction, but the present invention is characterized in that the prism surface on the display element side is an aspheric surface. Although there are other surfaces that adopt an aspherical surface, the eyepiece optical system of the present invention projects a virtual image without forming an image in the middle of the optical path. When correcting, that is, adopting an aspherical surface that manipulates the principal ray, the angles at which the upper and lower dependent rays enter the aspherical surface are greatly different, so that coma is greatly generated. Since the curvature of the missing surface is different, astigmatism is largely generated. Therefore, in the surface close to the display element, that is, in the surface close to the image surface in the reverse tracking, since the off-axis principal ray height is high and the off-axis luminous flux diameter is small, by adopting an aspheric surface on this surface, The chief ray can be manipulated without deteriorating coma and astigmatism, and only distortion can be effectively corrected. In the optical system of the present invention, only the prism surface on the display element side can achieve this.

【0013】さらに、本発明においては、その非球面は
光軸から離れるに従い、相対的に正パワーから負のパワ
ーに変換する形状にするのが好ましいが、これは、前述
のマイナスの歪曲収差を補正するのに必要な形状であ
る。マイナスの歪曲収差を発生させる軸外主光線は、表
示素子側プリズム面における歪曲収差ゼロの光線高に比
べて、低くなっている。歪曲収差を小さくするには、こ
の低い軸外主光線の光線高を高くするように、プリズム
面の光軸から離れた面に軸上のパワーに対して相対的に
負のパワーを設ければよい。なお、光軸近傍を正のパワ
ーにすると、他の光学面で発生する正の球面収差を打ち
消す作用が生じる。以上から、非球面形状は光軸から離
れるに従い、正パワーから負のパワーに変化する形状と
なるようにするのが好ましい。
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the aspherical surface be shaped so as to relatively convert from positive power to negative power as the distance from the optical axis increases, which reduces the aforementioned negative distortion. This is the shape required for correction. The off-axis chief ray that generates negative distortion is lower than the ray height at the display element side prism surface where distortion is zero. In order to reduce distortion, it is necessary to provide a negative power relative to the on-axis power on the surface of the prism surface away from the optical axis so as to increase the height of this low off-axis chief ray. Good. In addition, when the vicinity of the optical axis is set to a positive power, an action of canceling a positive spherical aberration generated on another optical surface occurs. From the above, it is preferable that the aspherical shape be changed from positive power to negative power as the distance from the optical axis increases.

【0014】さらに、本発明においては、全光学系の焦
点距離をf(mm)としたとき、 20<f<60 〔mm〕 …(1) を満足することが好ましいが、これはコンパクトな構成
の接眼光学系を達成するのに必要な条件である。この条
件の下限の20を超えると、画角は大きくとれるが、焦
点距離が短くなりすぎて、少なくとも10mm必要な光
学系と眼球の作動距離がとれなくなり、両者が干渉して
しまい、その上限の60を超えると、焦点距離が長くな
って作動距離はとれるが、光学系が大型化してしまい、
上記条件を満足しない限りは、コンパクトな頭部装着式
の表示装置は達成できない。
Further, in the present invention, when the focal length of the entire optical system is f (mm), it is preferable that the following condition is satisfied: 20 <f <60 [mm] (1). This is a condition necessary to achieve the eyepiece optical system. If the lower limit of 20 of this condition is exceeded, the angle of view can be increased, but the focal length is too short, and the working distance between the optical system and the eyeball required for at least 10 mm cannot be obtained, and the two interfere with each other. If it exceeds 60, the focal length becomes longer and the working distance can be taken, but the optical system becomes larger,
Unless the above conditions are satisfied, a compact head-mounted display device cannot be achieved.

【0015】また、上記の焦点距離の限定とは別に、本
発明では、眼球と眼球側プリズム面の間に正レンズを設
けるのが好ましいが、これはコンパクトなビームスプリ
ッタプリズムを達成するのに必要なことである。画角を
大きくするに従ってプリズム形状は大きくなるのは自明
であり、接眼光学系の軽量化のためには、これを解決し
なければならない。そのために、正のパワーを持ったレ
ンズを眼球とプリズムの間に入れて、逆追跡において、
眼球瞳孔からの広画角をもった光束をこの正レンズで内
側に曲げてプリズムを小型化するのである。
In addition to the above limitation of the focal length, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide a positive lens between the eyeball and the eyeball-side prism surface. However, this is necessary for achieving a compact beam splitter prism. That is what. It is obvious that the prism shape increases as the angle of view increases, and this must be solved in order to reduce the weight of the eyepiece optical system. For that purpose, put a lens with positive power between the eyeball and the prism, and in reverse tracking,
The light beam having a wide angle of view from the eyeball pupil is bent inward by the positive lens to reduce the size of the prism.

【0016】さらに、本発明においては、この正レンズ
のパワーをφ1 、全光学系のパワーをφとするとき、 0.2<|φ1 /φ|<0.5 …(2) を満足することが好ましいが、その下限の0.2を超え
ると、正レンズのパワーが弱すぎてプリズムが大型化
し、逆に、その上限の0.5を超えると、パワーが強す
ぎて正レンズを構成する面の曲率が強くなって、その面
で収差の発生が大きくなってしまう。上記条件を満足し
ない限りは、コンパクトで収差の少ない接眼光学系は達
成できない。曲率を緩め、設計の自由度を増すために、
より望ましくは、上記の上限を0.4に抑えるとよい。
Further, in the present invention, when the power of the positive lens is φ 1 and the power of the entire optical system is φ, the following condition is satisfied: 0.2 <| φ 1 /φ|<0.5 (2) However, if the lower limit of 0.2 is exceeded, the power of the positive lens is too weak and the prism becomes large. Conversely, if the upper limit of 0.5 is exceeded, the power is too strong and the positive lens is The curvature of the constituting surface becomes strong, and the occurrence of aberration on that surface increases. Unless the above conditions are satisfied, a compact eyepiece optical system with little aberration cannot be achieved. To reduce curvature and increase design freedom,
More preferably, the above upper limit is set to 0.4.

【0017】また、本発明の非球面は、その形状を、 Z=(y2 /r)/〔1+{1−(1+k)(y2 /r2 )}1/2 〕 +Ay4 +By6 +Cy8 +Dy10 …(6) で表したときに、 0.5×10-4<|A|<0.4×10-3 …(7) 0.05<|dZ/dyc |<0.5 …(8) の何れかを満足することが好ましい。ただし、Zは非球
面頂点から光軸方向に測った距離、yは頂点より光軸と
垂直な方向に測った距離、rは頂点の曲率半径、kは円
錐定数、A、B、C、Dはそれぞれ4次、6次、8次、
10次の非球面係数である。
The shape of the aspherical surface of the present invention is as follows: Z = (y 2 / r) / [1+ {1− (1 + k) (y 2 / r 2 )} 1/2 ] + Ay 4 + By 6 + Cy 8 + Dy 10 (6): 0.5 × 10 −4 <| A | <0.4 × 10 −3 (7) 0.05 <| dZ / dy c | <0.5 It is preferable to satisfy any one of (8). Here, Z is the distance measured from the aspherical vertex in the optical axis direction, y is the distance measured from the vertex in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, r is the radius of curvature of the vertex, k is the conic constant, A, B, C, D Are the 4th, 6th, 8th,
10th order aspherical coefficient.

【0018】上記条件(7)は非球面の4次の係数を規
定したものであり、その上限の0.4×10-3を超える
と、非球面量が大きくなりすぎてしまい、軸外の収差が
悪化してしまい、下限の0.5×10-4を超えると、非
球面量が小さすぎてしまい、収差の補正が充分なされな
く、好ましくない。
The above condition (7) defines the fourth order coefficient of the aspherical surface. If the upper limit of 0.4 × 10 −3 is exceeded, the amount of the aspherical surface becomes too large, and the off-axis amount increases. If the aberration is deteriorated and exceeds the lower limit of 0.5 × 10 −4 , the amount of aspherical surface is too small, and the aberration is not sufficiently corrected, which is not preferable.

【0019】また、条件(8)のdZ/dyc は最も軸
外の主光線高におけるこの非球面の傾きを限定したもの
であり(サフィックスの“c ”は主光線を表す。)、こ
の条件の下限の0.05を超えると、主光線と面のなす
角度が大きく、主光線がそこで大きく屈折して歪曲収差
が大きくなり、上限の0.5を超えると、主光線と面の
なす角度が小さい代わりに、最軸外での非球面が大きく
なるので、光軸近傍の球面からの面の変化が大きく、中
間の軸外での収差を乱すことになって、どちらの場合も
好ましくない。
Further, dZ / dy c in the condition (8) limits the inclination of this aspheric surface at the most off-axis principal ray height (the suffix “ c ” represents the principal ray). When the lower limit of 0.05 is exceeded, the angle between the principal ray and the surface is large, and the principal ray is refracted at that point to increase the distortion. When the upper limit of 0.5 is exceeded, the angle between the principal ray and the surface is increased. Is small, but the aspherical surface at the most off-axis becomes large, so the change of the surface from the spherical surface near the optical axis is large, and the aberration at the intermediate off-axis is disturbed. In either case, it is not preferable. .

【0020】[0020]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照にして本発明の
頭部装着式表示装置の光学系の実施例1〜5について説
明する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments 1 to 5 of an optical system of a head mounted display according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【0021】図1に実施例1の観察垂直方向の断面図を
示すが、実施例2〜5の構成は実施例1とほぼ同じであ
ので、図示は省く。
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view in the vertical direction of the observation of the first embodiment.

【0022】図1において、観察者眼球から表示素子へ
の逆追跡の順に、符号Eは観察者眼球の瞳孔位置、Lは
両凸レンズ、Pはビームスプリッタプリズム、Rは凹面
反射面(裏面鏡)、Dは表示素子の表示面である。
In FIG. 1, reference numeral E denotes a pupil position of the observer's eyeball, L denotes a biconvex lens, P denotes a beam splitter prism, and R denotes a concave reflecting surface (backside mirror). , D are display surfaces of the display element.

【0023】画角は、実施例1から5までは、観察水平
方向35°の例(2ω=35°)である。瞳孔径は全実
施例とも、φ8mmである。
In the first to fifth embodiments, the angle of view is an example in which the observation horizontal direction is 35 ° (2ω = 35 °). The pupil diameter is φ8 mm in all examples.

【0024】以下、上記実施例1〜5の逆追跡のレンズ
データを示すが、記号は、上記の外、r0 は瞳孔Eを、
0 はアイポイントを、r1 、r2 …は各レンズ面又は
反射面の曲率半径を、d1 、d2 …は各面間の間隔を、
d1、nd2…は各硝材のd線の屈折率、νd1、νd2…は
各硝材のアッベ数を表し、d19はビームスプリッタプリ
ズムPの表示素子D側プリズム面と表示素子Dの間の間
隔を、r20は表示素子Dを表す。また、非球面形状は、
前記(6)式にて表される。 実施例1 r0 = ∞ d0 = 20.000000 r1 = 77.43753 d1 = 3.000000 nd1 =1.51633 νd1 =64.1 r2 = -77.43753 d2 = 0.500000 r3 = ∞ d3 = 26.000000 nd2 =1.51633 νd2 =64.1 r4 = -81.57246(反射面) d4 = -24.000000 nd3 =1.51633 νd3 =64.1 r5 = 63.91929(非球面) d19= -2.383824 r20= ∞ 非球面係数 第5面 k = -1.000000 A = -0.608643×10-4 B =C =D =0 。 実施例2 r0 = ∞ d0 = 20.000000 r1 = 79.36857 d1 = 3.000000 nd1 =1.51633 νd1 =64.1 r2 = -79.36857 d2 = 0.500000 r3 = ∞ d3 = 26.000000 nd2 =1.51633 νd2 =64.1 r4 = -81.23816(反射面) d4 = -24.000000 nd3 =1.51633 νd3 =64.1 r5 = 33.78031(非球面) d19= -2.470484 r20= ∞ 非球面係数 第5面 k = -1.000000 A = -0.147534×10-3 B = 0.366295×10-6 C =D =0 。 実施例3 r0 = ∞ d0 = 20.000000 r1 = 74.25602 d1 = 3.000000 nd1 =1.51633 νd1 =64.1 r2 = -74.25602 d2 = 0.500000 r3 = ∞ d3 = 26.000000 nd2 =1.51633 νd2 =64.1 r4 = -80.08536(反射面) d4 = -24.000000 nd3 =1.51633 νd3 =64.1 r5 = 4142.92319(非球面) d19= -1.880994 r20= ∞ 非球面係数 第5面 k = -1.000000 A = -0.106968×10-3 B =C =D =0 。 実施例4 r0 = ∞ d0 = 20.000000 r1 = 73.93257 d1 = 3.000000 nd1 =1.51633 νd1 =64.1 r2 = -73.93257 d2 = 0.500000 r3 = ∞ d3 = 26.000000 nd2 =1.51633 νd2 =64.1 r4 = -80.43616(反射面) d4 = -24.000000 nd3 =1.51633 νd3 =64.1 r5 = 179.78039(非球面) d19= -1.888758 r20= ∞ 非球面係数 第5面 k = -1.000000 A = -0.165504×10-3 B = 0.458241×10-6 C =D =0 。 実施例5 r0 = ∞ d0 = 20.000000 r1 = 72.48992 d1 = 3.000000 nd1 =1.51633 νd1 =64.1 r2 = -72.48992 d2 = 0.500000 r3 = ∞ d3 = 26.000000 nd2 =1.51633 νd2 =64.1 r4 = -81.01813(反射面) d4 = -24.000000 nd3 =1.51633 νd3 =64.1 r5 = 168.60494(非球面) d19= -1.816503 r20= ∞ 非球面係数 第5面 k = -1.000000 A = -0.349756×10-3 B = 0.163775×10-5 C =D =0 。
[0024] below, but the lens data of the reverse track of the Examples 1-5, symbols, out of the, the r 0 is the pupil E,
d 0 is the eye point, the r 1, r 2 ... curvature radius of each lens surface or reflecting surfaces, the distance between d 1, d 2 ... each face,
n d1, n d2 ... d-line refractive index of each glass material, ν d1, ν d2 ... represents the Abbe number of each glass material, d 19 is the display device D and the display device D side prism surface of the beam splitter prism P The interval between them, r 20 represents the display element D. Also, the aspheric shape is
It is represented by the above equation (6). Example 1 r 0 = ∞ d 0 = 20.000000 r 1 = 77.43753 d 1 = 3.000000 n d1 = 1.51633 ν d1 = 64.1 r 2 = -77.43753 d 2 = 0.500000 r 3 = ∞ d 3 = 26.000000 n d2 = 1.51633 ν d2 = 64.1 r 4 = -81.57246 (reflective surface) d 4 = -24.000000 n d3 = 1.51633 ν d3 = 64.1 r 5 = 63.91929 (aspheric surface) d 19 = -2.383824 r 20 = ∞ aspheric coefficient fifth surface k =- 1.000000 A = -0.608643 × 10 -4 B = C = D = 0. Example 2 r 0 = ∞ d 0 = 20.000000 r 1 = 79.36857 d 1 = 3.000000 nd 1 = 1.51633 ν d1 = 64.1 r 2 = -79.36857 d 2 = 0.500000 r 3 = d d 3 = 26.000000 nd 2 = 1.51633 ν d2 = 64.1 r 4 = -81.23816 (reflective surface) d 4 = -24.000000 n d3 = 1.51633 ν d3 = 64.1 r 5 = 33.78031 (aspheric surface) d 19 = -2.470484 r 20 = ∞ aspheric coefficient fifth surface k =- 1.000000 A = -0.147534 × 10 -3 B = 0.366295 × 10 -6 C = D = 0. Example 3 r 0 = ∞ d 0 = 20.000000 r 1 = 74.25602 d 1 = 3.000000 n d1 = 1.51633 ν d1 = 64.1 r 2 = -74.25602 d 2 = 0.500000 r 3 = ∞ d 3 = 26.000000 n d2 = 1.51633 ν d2 = 64.1 r 4 = -80.08536 (reflective surface) d 4 = -24.000000 n d3 = 1.51633 ν d3 = 64.1 r 5 = 4142.92319 (aspheric surface) d 19 = -1.880994 r 20 = ∞ Aspheric coefficient fifth surface k =- 1.000000 A = -0.106968 × 10 -3 B = C = D = 0. Example 4 r 0 = ∞ d 0 = 20.000000 r 1 = 73.93257 d 1 = 3.000000 n d1 = 1.51633 ν d1 = 64.1 r 2 = -73.93257 d 2 = 0.500000 r 3 = ∞ d 3 = 26.000000 n d2 = 1.51633 ν d2 = 64.1 r 4 = -80.43616 (reflection surface) d 4 = -24.000000 n d3 = 1.51633 ν d3 = 64.1 r 5 = 179.78039 (aspheric surface) d 19 = -1.888758 r 20 = ∞ aspheric coefficient fifth surface k =- 1.000000 A = -0.165504 × 10 -3 B = 0.458241 × 10 -6 C = D = 0. Example 5 r 0 = ∞ d 0 = 20.000000 r 1 = 72.48992 d 1 = 3.000000 n d1 = 1.51633 ν d1 = 64.1 r 2 = -72.48992 d 2 = 0.500000 r 3 = ∞ d 3 = 26.000000 n d2 = 1.51633 ν d2 = 64.1 r 4 = -81.01813 (reflection surface) d 4 = -24.000000 n d3 = 1.51633 ν d3 = 64.1 r 5 = 168.60494 (aspheric surface) d 19 = -1.816503 r 20 = ∞ aspheric coefficient fifth surface k =- 1.000000 A = -0.349756 × 10 -3 B = 0.163775 × 10 -5 C = D = 0.

【0025】次に、上記実施例1〜5の球面収差、非点
収差、歪曲収差、横収差を表す収差図をそれぞれ図2〜
図6に示す。
Next, aberration diagrams representing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration of the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 5 are shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG.

【0026】なお、実施例1〜5の前記条件式(1)、
(2)、(7)、(8)に対応する値は次の表1の通り
である。
The conditional expressions (1) of Examples 1 to 5
The values corresponding to (2), (7) and (8) are as shown in Table 1 below.

【0027】 [0027]

【0028】[0028]

【発明の効果】以上、説明したように、本発明の構成に
よれば、水平画角が30°以上で、歪曲収差が5%程度
以下となり得るので、広画角でありながら、歪曲収差が
発生しない、コンパクトな光学系を備えた頭部装着式表
示装置を提供することができる。
As described above, according to the configuration of the present invention, the horizontal field angle is 30 ° or more and the distortion can be about 5% or less. It is possible to provide a head-mounted display device having a compact optical system that does not generate any light.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の頭部装着式表示装置の光学系の実施例
1の断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an optical system of a head mounted display according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】実施例1の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横
収差を表す収差図である。
FIG. 2 is an aberration diagram illustrating spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration of Example 1.

【図3】実施例2の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横
収差を表す収差図である。
FIG. 3 is an aberration diagram showing a spherical aberration, an astigmatism, a distortion, and a lateral aberration of Example 2.

【図4】実施例3の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横
収差を表す収差図である。
FIG. 4 is an aberration diagram showing a spherical aberration, an astigmatism, a distortion, and a lateral aberration of the third embodiment.

【図5】実施例4の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横
収差を表す収差図である。
FIG. 5 is an aberration diagram showing a spherical aberration, an astigmatism, a distortion, and a lateral aberration of Example 4.

【図6】実施例5の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収差、横
収差を表す収差図である。
FIG. 6 is an aberration diagram showing a spherical aberration, an astigmatism, a distortion, and a lateral aberration of Example 5.

【図7】凹面反射鏡による歪曲収差の発生を説明するた
めの図である。
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the generation of distortion due to a concave reflecting mirror.

【図8】従来の頭部装着式表示装置の構成を示す図であ
る。
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional head-mounted display device.

【図9】従来のもう1つの頭部装着式表示装置の構成を
示す図である。
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of another conventional head-mounted display device.

【図10】図9の装置の球面収差、非点収差、歪曲収
差、横収差を表す収差図である。
10 is an aberration diagram illustrating spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateral aberration of the apparatus in FIG. 9;

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

E…観察者眼球の瞳孔位置 L…両凸レンズ P…ビームスプリッタプリズム R…凹面反射面(裏面鏡) D…表示素子の表示面 E: Pupil position of observer's eyeball L: Biconvex lens P: Beam splitter prism R: Concave reflecting surface (backside mirror) D: Display surface of display element

Claims (7)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 少なくとも、情報の内容を表示する表示
素子と、その表示内容を光路中で結像することなく眼球
に虚像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭部装着式
表示装置において、 前記光学系が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、 前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射
面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与え
る反射面と、光束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ
前記反射面との間でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返
す位置に配置された透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成さ
れ、 前記プリズム部材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、 前記入射面の非球面形状が、光軸から離れる方向に向か
って、相対的に正パワーから負パワーに変換する形状を
含んで構成されていることを特徴とする頭部装着式表示
装置。
At least a display for displaying the contents of information
The eyeball without imaging the element and its display content in the optical path
Head-mounted type, including an optical system that magnifies and projects a virtual image
In the display device, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member is provided on the display element side.
Give power to the light beam with the concave surface facing the surface and the prism medium side
Reflective surface, and both light transmission and reflection
The optical path is folded back for compactness with the reflective surface
And the transmission / reflection dual-purpose surface
Is, the incident surface of the prism member is an aspherical surface, the aspherical shape of the incident surface, configured in a direction away from the optical axis, includes a shape conversion from a relatively positive power to the negative power It is it has the head portion-mounted display device you characterized.
【請求項2】 少なくとも、情報の内容を表示する表示
素子と、その表示内容を光路中で結像することなく眼球
に虚像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭部装着式
表示装置において、 前記光学系が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、 前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射
面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与え
る反射面と、光束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ
前記反射面との間でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返
す位置に配置された透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成さ
れ、 前記プリズム部材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、 前記入射面の非球面が、前記表示素子から射出される軸
外光束径が小さい状態の内に収差補正作用を与えるよう
構成されていることを特徴とする頭部装着式表示装置。
2. A display for displaying at least information contents.
The eyeball without imaging the element and its display content in the optical path
Head-mounted type, including an optical system that magnifies and projects a virtual image
In the display device, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member is provided on the display element side.
Give power to the light beam with the concave surface facing the surface and the prism medium side
Reflective surface, and both light transmission and reflection
The optical path is folded back for compactness with the reflective surface
And the transmission / reflection dual-purpose surface
The incident surface of the prism member is formed of an aspherical surface, and the aspherical surface of the incident surface is configured to provide an aberration correcting function while the off-axis light beam diameter emitted from the display element is small. head unit-mounted display device you characterized in that there.
【請求項3】 少なくとも、情報の内容を表示する表示
素子と、その表示内容を光路中で結像することなく眼球
に虚像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭部装着式
表示装置において、 前記光学系が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、 前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射
面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与え
る反射面と、光束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ
前記反射面との間でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返
す位置に配置された透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成さ
れ、 前記プリズム部材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、 前記入射面の非球面が、コマ収差や非点収差を悪化させ
ることなく、歪曲収差を効果的に補正するように構成さ
れていることを特徴とする頭部装着式表示装置。
3. A display for displaying at least information contents.
The eyeball without imaging the element and its display content in the optical path
Head-mounted type, including an optical system that magnifies and projects a virtual image
In the display device, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member is provided on the display element side.
Give power to the light beam with the concave surface facing the surface and the prism medium side
Reflective surface, and both light transmission and reflection
The optical path is folded back for compactness with the reflective surface
And the transmission / reflection dual-purpose surface
The incident surface of the prism member is formed of an aspheric surface, and the aspheric surface of the incident surface is configured to effectively correct distortion without deteriorating coma or astigmatism. head unit-mounted display device you wherein a.
【請求項4】 少なくとも、情報の内容を表示する表示
素子と、その表示内容を光路中で結像することなく眼球
に虚像として拡大投影する光学系とを含んだ頭部装着式
表示装置において、 前記光学系が、少なくともプリズム部材を有し、 前記プリズム部材が、前記表示素子側に配置された入射
面と、プリズム媒質側に凹面を向け光束にパワーを与え
る反射面と、光束の透過作用と反射作用とを兼用しかつ
前記反射面との間でコンパクト化のために光路を折り返
す位置に配置された透過反射兼用面とを含んで構成さ
れ、 前記プリズム部材の前記入射面が非球面で構成され、 前記プリズム部材は、少なくとも前記入射面が前記非球
面形状にて構成されることによって、歪曲収差を5%以
下となるように構成されていることを特徴とする頭部装
着式表示装置。
4. A display for displaying at least information contents.
The eyeball without imaging the element and its display content in the optical path
Head-mounted type, including an optical system that magnifies and projects a virtual image
In the display device, the optical system has at least a prism member, and the prism member is provided on the display element side.
Give power to the light beam with the concave surface facing the surface and the prism medium side
Reflective surface, and both light transmission and reflection
The optical path is folded back for compactness with the reflective surface
And the transmission / reflection dual-purpose surface
The prism member is configured such that the entrance surface is formed of an aspheric surface, and the prism member is configured such that at least the entrance surface is configured of the aspheric surface so that distortion is reduced to 5% or less. it characterized by that the head unit-mounted display device.
【請求項5】 前記光学系の焦点距離をf(mm)とし
たとき、以下の条件(1)を満足することを特徴とする
請求項1から4の何れか1項記載の頭部装着式表示装
置。 20<f<60 〔mm〕 …(1)
Wherein the focal length of the optical system was f (mm), the following condition (1) head-mounted according to any one which satisfies the preceding claims, wherein the 4 Display device. 20 <f <60 [mm] (1)
【請求項6】 前記光学系が正のパワーを持ったレンズ
を有し、前記レンズがプリズム部材と観察者の眼球位置
との間に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項記載
の頭部装着式表示装置。
6. The head according to claim 5, wherein the optical system has a lens having a positive power, and the lens is disposed between the prism member and an eyeball position of an observer. Part-mounted display device.
【請求項7】 前記レンズのパワーをφ1 、前記光学系
のパワーをφとしたとき、以下の条件(2)を満足する
ことを特徴とする請求項記載の頭部装着式表示装置。 0.2<|φ1 /φ|<0.5 …(2)
7. The head-mounted display device according to claim 6 , wherein the following condition (2) is satisfied when the power of the lens is φ 1 and the power of the optical system is φ. 0.2 <| φ 1 /φ|<0.5 (2)
JP2000118017A 2000-01-01 2000-04-19 Head mounted display device Expired - Fee Related JP3245585B2 (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000118017A JP3245585B2 (en) 2000-01-01 2000-04-19 Head mounted display device

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10137193A Division JP3245478B2 (en) 1993-04-27 1993-04-27 Head mounted display

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Publication Number Publication Date
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JP3245585B2 true JP3245585B2 (en) 2002-01-15

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CN112666712B (en) * 2020-12-31 2024-06-04 深圳纳德光学有限公司 Eyepiece optical system capable of superposing light paths and head-mounted display device

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