JP3227221U - Solid fuel and stove set - Google Patents

Solid fuel and stove set Download PDF

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JP3227221U
JP3227221U JP2020001577U JP2020001577U JP3227221U JP 3227221 U JP3227221 U JP 3227221U JP 2020001577 U JP2020001577 U JP 2020001577U JP 2020001577 U JP2020001577 U JP 2020001577U JP 3227221 U JP3227221 U JP 3227221U
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佐々木 弘
弘 佐々木
佐々木 光
光 佐々木
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山縣建設株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

【課題】農業系バイオマスを主原料とした使い勝手のよい固形燃料及び該固形燃料を備えるコンロセットを提供する。【解決手段】コンロセット1は、農業系バイオマスを主原料とし加熱圧縮成形された固形燃料であって、主原料が籾殻と燻炭及び/又は米糠であり、筒状又は棒状に成形された固形燃料11と、着火剤21と、固形燃料11及び着火剤21を収納する金属製の容器31と、を有し、容器31がコンロとして使用可能である。容器31に通風口を開けるための工具41を備え、容器31の外壁面に通風口となる位置34が示されている。【選択図】図1PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an easy-to-use solid fuel mainly made of agricultural biomass and a stove set including the solid fuel. SOLUTION: The stove set 1 is a solid fuel which is heat-compression-molded by using an agricultural biomass as a main raw material, and the main raw material is rice husk and smoldering charcoal and/or rice bran, and a solid material formed into a tubular shape or a rod shape. It has a fuel 11, an igniting agent 21, and a metal container 31 for housing the solid fuel 11 and the igniting agent 21, and the container 31 can be used as a stove. The container 31 is provided with a tool 41 for opening a ventilation port, and a position 34 serving as a ventilation port is shown on the outer wall surface of the container 31. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

本考案は、農業系バイオマスを主原料とする固形燃料及び該固形燃料を備えるコンロセットに関する。 The present invention relates to a solid fuel containing agricultural biomass as a main raw material and a stove set including the solid fuel.

農業系バイオマスを原料とした固形燃料がある。例えば籾殻を原料とした固形燃料、籾殻にバインダーとして米糠を加えた固形燃料などがあり(例えば特許文献1参照)、籾殻を原料とした固形燃料は一部商品化されている。上記以外にもわら、おがくず、樹皮、建築廃材を原料した固形燃料などが提案されており、また固形燃料の製造方法についても種々の方法が提案されている(例えば特許文献2参照)。 There are solid fuels made from agricultural biomass. For example, there are solid fuels made from rice husks, solid fuels made by adding rice bran as a binder to rice husks (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and some solid fuels made from rice husks have been commercialized. In addition to the above, straw, sawdust, bark, solid fuel made from building waste materials, and the like have been proposed, and various methods for producing solid fuel have also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

特開2010−265393号公報JP, 2010-265393, A 特許第4317255号公報Japanese Patent No. 4317255

ところで固形燃料に対する使用者の要求はさまざまである。例えば(1)燃焼時間は短くてもよいが燃焼温度が高い固形燃料がほしい、(2)燃焼温度は高くなくてもよいが燃焼時間の長いものがほしい、(3)非常時の燃料、例えば台風、水害等で電気、ガスが使用できなくなったような場合の燃料として簡単に使えるものがほしいなどである。 By the way, there are various demands from users for solid fuel. For example, (1) I want a solid fuel that has a short burning time but a high burning temperature, (2) I want a solid fuel that does not have to have a high burning temperature but a long burning time, and (3) a fuel in an emergency, such as For example, we want a fuel that can be easily used as fuel when electricity and gas cannot be used due to typhoons and water damage.

非常時の燃料の場合、着火性、運搬性、保存性、取扱い性に優れるものが好ましい。例えば、取扱い性に関しては、使用状況を考えれば鋸などを使用しなくても手で折ることができる点なども重要である。これまでの固形燃料は、使用者の要求、使用状況が十分に考慮、反映されているとは言い難く改善の余地がある。また従来の固形燃料の製造方法においても、燃焼温度、燃焼時間が制御された固形燃料等を製造する方法は開示されておらず開発が待たれている。 In the case of an emergency fuel, those having excellent ignitability, transportability, storability and handleability are preferable. For example, in terms of handleability, it is important to consider the situation of use so that it can be folded by hand without using a saw or the like. It is difficult to say that the solid fuels used so far have been fully considered and reflected in the demands and usage conditions of users, and there is room for improvement. Further, even in the conventional method for producing solid fuel, a method for producing solid fuel or the like in which the combustion temperature and the combustion time are controlled is not disclosed, and development is awaited.

さらに台風、水害等で電気、ガスなどが使用できない非常時に適した、簡単に暖をとることができる装置、簡単な煮炊きができるコンロなどがあれば好ましい。このような装置、コンロは、非常時に使用するものであるからマッチだけあればすぐに使用できるものがよい。 Furthermore, it is preferable to have a device that can be easily heated and a stove that can easily cook and cook, which is suitable for emergencies where electricity, gas, etc. cannot be used due to typhoons, water damage, and the like. Since such a device and a stove are used in an emergency, it is preferable that they can be used immediately if they have a match.

本考案の目的は、農業系バイオマスを主原料とした使い勝手のよい固形燃料及び該固形燃料を備えるコンロセットを提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-use solid fuel that uses agricultural biomass as a main raw material and a stove set including the solid fuel.

本考案は、農業系バイオマスを主原料とし加熱圧縮成形された固形燃料であって、主原料が籾殻と燻炭及び/又は米糠であり、筒状又は棒状に成形された固形燃料である。 The present invention is a solid fuel heat-compressed and molded using agricultural biomass as a main raw material, and the main raw material is rice husks and smoldering charcoal and/or rice bran, and the solid fuel is formed into a tubular or rod shape.

本考案の固形燃料は、3点曲げ試験における曲げ強度が30〜120Nであるのが好ましい。 The solid fuel of the present invention preferably has a bending strength in a 3-point bending test of 30 to 120N.

本考案の固形燃料は、前記籾殻、前記燻炭及び/又は前記米糠の重量比が、前記籾殻100重量部に対して、前記燻炭6〜10重量部、前記米糠5〜12重量部であるのが好ましい。 In the solid fuel of the present invention, the weight ratio of the rice husk, the husk charcoal and/or the rice bran is 6 to 10 parts by weight of the husk charcoal and 5 to 12 parts by weight of the rice bran with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rice husk. Is preferred.

本考案は、前記固形燃料と、着火剤と、前記固形燃料及び前記着火剤を収納する金属製の容器と、を有し、前記容器がコンロとして使用可能なコンロセットである。 The present invention is a stove set including the solid fuel, an igniting agent, and a metal container that stores the solid fuel and the igniting agent, and the container can be used as a stove.

本考案のコンロセットは、さらに前記容器に通風口を開けるための工具を備え、前記容器の外壁面に前記通風口となる位置が示されているのが好ましい。 It is preferable that the stove set of the present invention further includes a tool for opening a ventilation hole in the container, and a position serving as the ventilation port is shown on an outer wall surface of the container.

本考案によれば、農業系バイオマスを主原料とした使い勝手のよい固形燃料及び該固形燃料を備えるコンロセットを提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a solid fuel that uses agricultural biomass as a main raw material and is easy to use, and a stove set including the solid fuel.

本考案のコンロセット1の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the stove set 1 of this invention.

本考案の固形燃料は、籾殻と燻炭と米糠とを主原料とし、加熱下で筒状又は棒状に圧縮成形されてなる。燻炭には、籾殻燻炭、そば殻燻炭、それら混合物を使用することができる。籾殻、籾殻燻炭、そば殻燻炭、米糠は、農業系バイオマス、未利用バイオマスに属するものであり、これらの有効利用が図れる。本考案の固形燃料は、籾殻と燻炭又は籾殻と米糠とを主原料とし、加熱下で筒状又は棒状に圧縮成形してもよい。 The solid fuel of the present invention comprises rice husks, smoldering charcoal, and rice bran as main raw materials, and is compression-molded into a tubular or rod shape under heating. As the smoldering charcoal, rice husk smoldering charcoal, buckwheat husk smoldering charcoal, or a mixture thereof can be used. Rice husk, rice husk charcoal, buckwheat husk charcoal, and rice bran belong to agricultural biomass and unused biomass, and can be effectively used. The solid fuel of the present invention may be produced by using rice husks and smoldering charcoal or rice husks and rice bran as main raw materials, and compression-molding them into a tubular or rod shape under heating.

固形燃料の主原料である籾殻、燻炭及び米糠の混合割合(配合割合)は、固形燃料の成形性及び燃焼特性に大きく影響する。籾殻、燻炭及び米糠の混合割合を、籾殻100重量部に対して燻炭6〜10重量部、前記米糠5〜12重量部とすることで成形性が安定し、燃焼特性に優れる筒状又は棒状の固形燃料を安定的に製造することができる。籾殻と燻炭とを主原料とした固形燃料の場合、籾殻100重量部に対して燻炭6〜10重量部とし、また籾殻と米糠とを主原料とした固形燃料の場合、籾殻100重量部に対して米糠5〜12重量部とするのがよい。これにより成形性が安定し、燃焼特性に優れる筒状又は棒状の固形燃料を安定的に製造することができる。 The mixing ratio (blending ratio) of rice husks, smoldering coal, and rice bran, which are the main raw materials of the solid fuel, greatly affects the formability and combustion characteristics of the solid fuel. The mixing ratio of rice husks, husks and rice bran is 6 to 10 parts by weight of husks and 5 to 12 parts by weight of rice husks relative to 100 parts by weight of rice husks, whereby the moldability is stable and a tubular shape having excellent combustion characteristics or A rod-shaped solid fuel can be stably manufactured. In the case of a solid fuel using rice husks and husks as the main raw materials, the amount of husk charcoal is 6 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of rice husks, and in the case of a solid fuel using husks and rice bran as the main raw materials, 100 parts by weight of rice husks. On the other hand, the amount of rice bran is preferably 5 to 12 parts by weight. This makes it possible to stably produce a cylindrical or rod-shaped solid fuel having stable moldability and excellent combustion characteristics.

籾殻、燻炭及び米糠の混合割合は、燻炭の混合割合を多くするほど燃焼時間が長くなる。また米糠の混合割合を多くするほど燃焼時の最高到達温度が高くなる。つまり籾殻に対する燻炭または米糠の添加量(配合割合)を制御することで、燃焼特性を制御した固形燃料を得ることができる。 Regarding the mixing ratio of rice husks, smoky charcoal, and rice bran, the burning time increases as the mixing ratio of smoky charcoal increases. Also, the higher the mixing ratio of rice bran, the higher the maximum temperature reached during combustion. That is, by controlling the addition amount (blending ratio) of smoky charcoal or rice bran to rice husk, a solid fuel with controlled combustion characteristics can be obtained.

固形燃料は、形状を筒状又は棒状とすることで運搬、保管などが容易となる。このために固形燃料は、筒形状又は棒形状を保持できる強度を有することが必要である。固形燃料の強度は、筒形状又は棒形状を保持できれば特に限定されるものではないが、取り扱い性を考えれば手で折ることができる程度のものが好ましい。筒形状又は棒形状の固形燃料の場合、形状を保持し手で折ることができる程度の強度は、支点間距離を300mm、速度1mm/minの条件で測定した3点曲げ試験における強度が30〜120Nである。 By making the solid fuel into a tubular shape or a rod shape, it is easy to transport and store. For this reason, the solid fuel needs to have a strength capable of holding a cylindrical shape or a rod shape. The strength of the solid fuel is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain a tubular shape or a rod shape, but it is preferably such that it can be folded by hand in consideration of handleability. In the case of a cylindrical or rod-shaped solid fuel, the strength at which it can be folded by hand while maintaining the shape is 30 to 30 in a three-point bending test measured under the conditions of a fulcrum distance of 300 mm and a speed of 1 mm/min. It is 120N.

固形燃料の大きさは特に限定されるものではないが、長さが300〜400mm程度、外径が30〜50mmのものが使い易い。 Although the size of the solid fuel is not particularly limited, a solid fuel having a length of about 300 to 400 mm and an outer diameter of 30 to 50 mm is easy to use.

本考案の固形燃料の製造方法を説明する。但し、本考案の固形燃料の製造方法は、ここに示す方法に限定されるものではない。製造装置には加熱、圧縮が可能で筒状又は棒状の固形燃料が成形可能なグラインドミル、押出成形機、横型2軸混錬装置、横型1軸混錬装置、横型2軸混合装置、横型1軸混合装置などを使用することができる。ここに記載の製造装置は、基本的に連続製造が可能であり、また原料への剪断力の付加、すり潰し効果が期待できる。 The method for producing the solid fuel of the present invention will be described. However, the method for producing the solid fuel of the present invention is not limited to the method shown here. The manufacturing equipment is a grind mill that can heat and compress and can form a tubular or rod-shaped solid fuel, an extruder, a horizontal twin-screw kneading machine, a horizontal single-screw kneader, a horizontal two-screw mixer, a horizontal one. A shaft mixing device or the like can be used. The manufacturing apparatus described here is basically capable of continuous manufacturing, and can be expected to exert a shearing force on the raw material and to have a grinding effect.

固形燃料の製造の第1工程は、原料の準備工程である。準備工程では、所定の割合の籾殻、燻炭及び米糠を混合装置を用いて混合する。混合装置は、特に限定されるものではなく、紛粒体の混合に使用される公知の混合装置を使用することができる。個別に供給可能で横型2軸混合装置など製造装置内で十分に混合される装置を使用する場合には、事前のブレンドは不要である。 The first step in the production of solid fuel is the raw material preparation step. In the preparation step, rice husks, smoldering charcoal, and rice bran in a predetermined ratio are mixed using a mixing device. The mixing device is not particularly limited, and a known mixing device used for mixing powder particles can be used. When using a device that can be individually supplied and is well mixed in the manufacturing device such as a horizontal biaxial mixer, pre-blending is not necessary.

さらに原料の準備工程では、原料の含水率を所定値以下に乾燥し又は原料の含水率が所定値以下であることを確認する。原料の含水率は、成形性に影響を与えるのでできるだけ小さい方が好ましい。製造装置にグラインドミルを用いた場合、原料の含水率が12%を超えると得られた固形燃料にねじれ、ひび割れが生じ脆いものとなった。製造装置にグラインドミルを使用する場合、成形性、形状保持性の点から原料の含水率は12%以下がよく、8%以下が好ましい。 Furthermore, in the raw material preparation step, the water content of the raw material is dried to a predetermined value or lower, or it is confirmed that the water content of the raw material is lower than the predetermined value. It is preferable that the water content of the raw material is as small as possible because it affects the formability. When a grind mill was used in the production apparatus, when the water content of the raw material exceeded 12%, the obtained solid fuel was twisted, cracked, and became brittle. When a grind mill is used in the manufacturing apparatus, the water content of the raw material is preferably 12% or less, and more preferably 8% or less from the viewpoint of moldability and shape retention.

固形燃料の製造の第2工程は、製造装置による固形燃料の成形工程である。成形工程では、成形温度(加熱温度,製造温度)が重要であり、成形温度は成形性、形状保持性に影響を与える。成形性、形状保持性は、成形温度のみならず原料組成によっても異なるため、原料組成に応じ適切な温度で成形するのがよい。製造装置にグラインドミルを用いた場合、成形温度が250℃以下ではグラインドミルの負荷が大きく、300℃を超えると成形品に捻じれ、膨らみ、割れができ好ましくない。原料の配合割合、原料の含水率を考慮すれば製造温度は250℃以上300℃未満が好ましい。 The second step of manufacturing the solid fuel is a molding step of the solid fuel by the manufacturing apparatus. In the molding process, the molding temperature (heating temperature, manufacturing temperature) is important, and the molding temperature affects the moldability and shape retention. Since the moldability and shape-retaining property vary depending not only on the molding temperature but also on the raw material composition, it is preferable to perform molding at an appropriate temperature according to the raw material composition. When a grind mill is used in the manufacturing apparatus, the load of the grind mill is large when the molding temperature is 250° C. or lower, and when it exceeds 300° C., the molded product is twisted, swelled and cracked, which is not preferable. Considering the blending ratio of the raw materials and the water content of the raw materials, the production temperature is preferably 250° C. or higher and lower than 300° C.

以上からなる本考案の固形燃料は、十分な熱量を保有するとともに、原料の配合割合を制御することで燃焼時間、燃焼温度など燃焼特性を制御することもできるため用途に応じた固形燃料を提供できる。さらに本考案の固形燃料は、形状保持が可能でかつ手で折ることができる強度に設定することも可能であり。さらに本考案の固形燃料は、撥水性を有するため長期保管が可能となり非常時の燃料として好適である。また本考案の固形燃料は、籾殻、燻炭及び/又は米糠の有効利用にもつながる。 The solid fuel of the present invention as described above has a sufficient amount of heat and can control the combustion characteristics such as the combustion time and the combustion temperature by controlling the mixing ratio of the raw materials. it can. Further, the solid fuel of the present invention can be set to have a strength capable of retaining its shape and being hand-foldable. Further, the solid fuel of the present invention has water repellency and thus can be stored for a long period of time, and is suitable as an emergency fuel. Further, the solid fuel of the present invention leads to effective utilization of rice husks, smoldering coal and/or rice bran.

さらに本考案の固形燃料は、主原料が籾殻と燻炭及び/又は米糠とからなるため燃やした後の灰は、土に混ぜると土をふかふかにし作物によい影響を与える土壌菌が育ちやすくなる。またこの灰は、水に溶けるとアルカリ性になるため土壌を中性からアルカリ性にする効果もある。このように本考案の固形燃料は、燃焼後の灰を有効利用することもできる。 Furthermore, the solid fuel of the present invention is composed mainly of rice husks and smoldering charcoal and/or rice bran, so the ash after burning will make soil fluffy when mixed with soil, and soil bacteria that have a good effect on crops will grow easily. .. Also, this ash becomes alkaline when dissolved in water, so it also has the effect of changing the soil from neutral to alkaline. Thus, the solid fuel of the present invention can effectively utilize the ash after combustion.

次に本考案のコンロセットについて説明する。図1は、本考案のコンロセット1の構成を示す図である。 Next, the stove set of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a stove set 1 of the present invention.

本考案のコンロセット1は、先に記載した本考案の固形燃料11と、着火剤21と、固形燃料11及び着火剤21を収納する容器31とからなる。本考案のコンロセット1は、さらに容器31に通風口を開けるための工具41を含み、固形燃料11及び着火剤21とともに工具41が容器31内に収容されてなるものが好ましい。さらに金網51、手袋(軍手)61を備えるものがより好ましい。 The stove set 1 of the present invention comprises the above-described solid fuel 11 of the present invention, an igniting agent 21, and a container 31 for storing the solid fuel 11 and the igniting agent 21. The stove set 1 of the present invention preferably further includes a tool 41 for opening a ventilation port in the container 31, and the tool 41 is housed in the container 31 together with the solid fuel 11 and the ignition agent 21. Furthermore, it is more preferable to have a wire net 51 and gloves (work gloves) 61.

着火剤21は、前記固形燃料11を製造する過程で発生する固形燃料11の欠片、粉、を原料とし、これにパラフィンを加え固めた固形の着火剤である。より詳細には、固形燃料11の欠片、粉を混合しこれを容器に入れ、ここに加温し溶融させたパラフィンを加え、プレス機で圧縮成形したものである。着火剤21の大きさは特に限定されるものではないが、マッチ箱程度の大きさのものが好ましい。 The igniting agent 21 is a solid igniting agent obtained by using, as raw materials, fragments and powders of the solid fuel 11 generated in the process of manufacturing the solid fuel 11, and adding paraffin to the raw material. More specifically, the solid fuel 11 is mixed with fragments and powder, placed in a container, heated and melted paraffin is added thereto, and compression molding is performed by a pressing machine. The size of the igniting agent 21 is not particularly limited, but the size of a match box is preferable.

着火剤21の原料は、固形燃料11の欠片、粉以外に、固形燃料11、特に固形燃料11の不良品を破砕、粉砕したものを使用してもよい。固形燃料11の欠片、粉と固形燃料11を破砕、粉砕したものとを混合したものを原料としてもよい。また必要に応じて籾殻、燻炭、米糠を混ぜてもよい。 As the raw material of the ignition agent 21, in addition to the fragments and powder of the solid fuel 11, solid fuel 11, in particular, defective products of the solid fuel 11 may be crushed and crushed. A raw material may be a mixture of a fragment of the solid fuel 11, powder, and crushed and crushed solid fuel 11. If necessary, rice husks, smoky charcoal, and rice bran may be mixed.

着火剤21は、マッチ、ライターなどの着火具で簡単に着火でき、固形燃料11に燃え移るように燃焼するものであればよい。着火剤21の原料は、固形燃料11に由来するものでなくてもよいが、製造する過程で発生する固形燃料11の欠片、粉、固形燃料11の不良品を破砕、粉砕したものを使用すれば廃棄物の有効利用となり好ましい。 The igniting agent 21 may be any one that can be easily ignited by an igniting tool such as a match or a lighter and burns so as to burn into the solid fuel 11. The raw material of the igniting agent 21 does not have to be derived from the solid fuel 11, but it is possible to use crushed and crushed pieces of solid fuel 11 generated during the manufacturing process, powder, and defective solid fuel 11. This is preferable because it effectively uses the waste.

着火剤21は、1つの着火剤21で複数の固形燃料11に着火できるように広がりをもって燃えるものが好ましい。このため着火剤21は、ロウソクで見られるような芯を備えていない。前記固形燃料11を製造する過程で発生する固形燃料11の欠片、粉を原料とし、これにパラフィンを加え固めた板状の着火剤21は、表面に凹凸ができ易い。このため表面積が広く、火が広がり易い。また着火剤21は、固形燃料11の欠片、粉がパラフィンで結合されて成形されているため、燃焼の過程で熱が加わりパラフィンが溶融すると結合が崩れ燃焼範囲が横に広がる。このため複数の固形燃料11に火が燃え移り易い。 It is preferable that the igniting agent 21 burns with a spread so that the plurality of solid fuels 11 can be ignited by one igniting agent 21. For this reason, the igniting agent 21 does not have a wick as seen in a candle. The plate-shaped igniter 21 obtained by solidifying the solid fuel 11 generated from the process of manufacturing the solid fuel 11 and powder and adding paraffin to the powder is likely to have irregularities on the surface. For this reason, the surface area is large and the fire easily spreads. Further, since the igniting agent 21 is formed by binding the fragments of the solid fuel 11 and the powder with paraffin, when the heat is applied in the process of combustion and the paraffin is melted, the bond is broken and the combustion range is expanded laterally. For this reason, the fire easily burns onto the plurality of solid fuels 11.

容器31は、天板取り外し式の金属製の18リットル缶であり、いわゆる蓋付きの一斗缶である。容器31は、蓋付きの金属製のペール缶でもよい。容器31は、複数本の固形燃料11等を収容し保管する。固形燃料11は、プラスチック製の袋45に充填されたものを容器31に入れてもよい。天板取り外し式の金属製の18リットル缶は、固形燃料11の長期保管に好適であり、また積み重ねることができるので多くの固形燃料11を保管する場合でも保管場所が広くならない。 The container 31 is a metal 18 liter can with a removable top plate, and is a so-called one-dish can with a lid. The container 31 may be a metal pail can with a lid. The container 31 stores and stores a plurality of solid fuels 11 and the like. The solid fuel 11 may be filled in a plastic bag 45 in the container 31. The top plate removable metal 18-liter can is suitable for long-term storage of the solid fuel 11 and can be stacked, so that the storage space does not become large even when storing many solid fuels 11.

また容器31は、コンロとしても使用可能である。本実施形態のコンロセット1においては、容器本体32の下部外壁面33に通風口の位置34が明示されている。通風口として明示された箇所34を付属の工具41で開けることで容器31をコンロとして使用することができる。付属の工具41で蓋35に穴をあけ、これを容器本体32に被せて使用してもよい。このように穴開きの蓋35を被せて使用すれば、容器31が変形し難く好ましい。また金網の代用となる。 The container 31 can also be used as a stove. In the stove set 1 of the present embodiment, the position 34 of the ventilation port is clearly shown on the lower outer wall surface 33 of the container body 32. The container 31 can be used as a stove by opening the place 34 clearly indicated as a ventilation port with the attached tool 41. It is also possible to make a hole in the lid 35 with the attached tool 41 and cover the container body 32 to use. It is preferable to cover the container 35 with the perforated lid 35 in this manner so that the container 31 is not easily deformed. It is also a substitute for wire mesh.

容器本体32に設ける通風口は、複数個の穴で構成されていても、大きめの矩形の通風口を1つ設けてもよい。また通風口は、複数個の小さい穴と大きめの矩形の通風口とで構成されていてもよい。 The ventilation port provided in the container body 32 may be formed of a plurality of holes, or one large rectangular ventilation port may be provided. The ventilation port may be composed of a plurality of small holes and a larger rectangular ventilation port.

工具41は、容器本体32に通風口を開口するためのものであり、例えば先端の尖った金属製の棒である。矩形の通風口を設ける場合には、工具41としてカッター、小刀を準備すればよい。 The tool 41 is for opening a ventilation port in the container body 32, and is, for example, a metal rod having a sharp tip. When a rectangular ventilation port is provided, a cutter or a knife may be prepared as the tool 41.

コンロセット1を使用する際は、内部の収納物をすべて取り出した後、工具41を用いて容器本体32に通風口を開ける。1〜2本の固形燃料11を手で折り小さくした固形燃料11を準備する。容器本体32内に着火剤21を置き、これに小さくした固形燃料11を被せ、着火剤21に火を付ける。固形燃料11に火が移ったら適宜固形燃料11を追加投入すればよい。必要に応じて穴をあけた蓋35、金網51を被せて使用する。 When the stove set 1 is used, after all the stored items are taken out, the ventilation hole is opened in the container body 32 using the tool 41. 1 to 2 pieces of solid fuel 11 are folded by hand to prepare small solid fuel 11. The igniting agent 21 is placed in the container body 32, and the reduced solid fuel 11 is put on the igniting agent 21 to ignite the igniting agent 21. When the fire is transferred to the solid fuel 11, the solid fuel 11 may be additionally added as appropriate. The lid 35 and the wire net 51, which are provided with holes if necessary, are covered and used.

本考案のコンロセット1は、長期保管も可能であり、また容器31をコンロとして使用することができるため台風、水害等で電気、ガスなどが使用できないなど非常時にも好適に使用することができる。特に固形燃料11は、十分な熱量を保有し、さらに手で折ることができる強度に設定されているので非常時の燃料として好ましい。 The stove set 1 of the present invention can be stored for a long period of time, and since the container 31 can be used as a stove, it can be suitably used in an emergency such as when electricity or gas cannot be used due to typhoon, water damage, etc. .. In particular, the solid fuel 11 is preferable as an emergency fuel because it has a sufficient amount of heat and is set to have a strength such that it can be folded by hand.

固形燃料を以下の要領で製造し、得られた固形燃料の成形性、燃焼特性、曲げ強度を測定し固形燃料の評価を行った。固形燃料の製造装置には、株式会社トロムソのグラインドミルを使用した。 A solid fuel was produced in the following manner, and the moldability, combustion characteristics, and bending strength of the obtained solid fuel were measured to evaluate the solid fuel. A grind mill manufactured by Tromso Co., Ltd. was used as a solid fuel production apparatus.

固形燃料の製造(実施例1)
籾殻5.0kgと籾殻燻炭0.4kgと米糠0.3kgとをコンクリートミキサーを用いて十分に混合し原料を得た。原料の含水率をおがくず用水分計(ハイガー産業株式会社TK100W)で測定したところ8%以下であった。原料をグラインドミルに供給し、加熱圧縮成形した。製造速度は、原料ベースで90kg/hである。グラインドミルから連続成形される成形物は、外形50mm、内径20mmの筒状であり、所定の長さで切断し固形燃料を得た。成形温度は250、260、280、300℃の4点で行った。
Production of solid fuel (Example 1)
5.0 kg of rice husks, 0.4 kg of rice husks and charcoal, and 0.3 kg of rice bran were thoroughly mixed using a concrete mixer to obtain raw materials. The water content of the raw materials was 8% or less when measured with a moisture meter for sawdust (TK100W, Haiger Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The raw material was supplied to a grind mill and subjected to heat compression molding. The production rate is 90 kg/h on a raw material basis. The molded product continuously molded from the grind mill had a tubular shape with an outer diameter of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 20 mm, and was cut into a predetermined length to obtain a solid fuel. The molding temperature was 250, 260, 280, and 300° C. at four points.

固形燃料の製造(実施例2,3、参考例1、比較例1)
実施例1と同じ要領で、原料の配合割合及び成形温度を変更し固形燃料を製造した。表1に原料の配合割合及び成形温度を示した。
Production of solid fuel (Examples 2 and 3, Reference Example 1, Comparative Example 1)
In the same manner as in Example 1, solid fuel was manufactured by changing the mixing ratio of raw materials and the molding temperature. Table 1 shows the mixing ratio of the raw materials and the molding temperature.

固形燃料の評価−成形性
上記要領で得られた固形燃料を目視で確認し、成形性を評価した。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel-Moldability The solid fuel obtained in the above manner was visually confirmed to evaluate the moldability.

固形燃料の評価−燃焼試験
煉炭コンロ(鍵主工業製 直径230φ,高さ270mm)に上記要領で得られた固形燃料を3本(長さ100mm)入れ、煉炭コンロの通風口を全開状態で燃やし、燃焼開始時から燃焼温度が最高温度に到達し、その後温度が120℃に低下するまでの温度を1分間隔で測定した。温度測定には熱電対を使用した。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel-Combustion Test 3 solid fuels (100 mm in length) obtained by the above procedure were put into a briquette stove (230 mm in diameter, 270 mm in height, manufactured by Kenshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the ventilation opening of the briquette stove was burned in a fully opened state. The temperature from the start of combustion until the combustion temperature reached the maximum temperature and then decreased to 120° C. was measured at 1-minute intervals. A thermocouple was used for temperature measurement.

燃焼開始後、燃焼温度が120℃に達した時点をスタートとし、最高温度に達するまでの時間(最高温度到達時間)、最高温度到達時から燃焼温度が120℃に降下するまでの時間、燃焼温度が120℃以上の時間(120℃から120℃までの時間:120℃以上燃焼時間)を算出した。最高温度到達時間は、固形燃料の着火性を示し、この時間が短いものほど着火性・燃焼性が良いといえる。 After the start of combustion, the time when the combustion temperature reaches 120°C is set as the start, the time until the maximum temperature is reached (the maximum temperature arrival time), the time from when the maximum temperature is reached until the combustion temperature drops to 120°C, the combustion temperature Was 120°C or more (time from 120°C to 120°C: 120°C or more burning time). The maximum temperature reaching time indicates the ignitability of solid fuel, and it can be said that the shorter the time, the better the ignitability and combustibility.

固形燃料の評価−曲げ強度
3点曲げ試験により曲げ強度を測定した。支点間距離は300mm、速度は1mm/minである。試験片は、実施例1〜3、参考例1及び比較例1それぞれにおいて成形性に優れる条件で製造した固形燃料を用い、それぞれ3回(3試験片)実施した。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel-Bending Strength Bending strength was measured by a three-point bending test. The distance between fulcrums is 300 mm, and the speed is 1 mm/min. As the test pieces, the solid fuels produced under the excellent moldability conditions in Examples 1 to 3, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were each used three times (three test pieces).

実施例1の固形燃料の評価
実施例1の固形燃料は、籾殻と籾殻燻炭と米糠とを主原料とする固形燃料であり、成形温度250℃で形状が安定した。一方、温度260℃、280℃、300℃で製造されたものは、ねじれており、またひび割れも多かった。実施例1の固形燃料は、燃焼試験の結果、温度250℃で製造された固形燃料が最高燃焼温度を示し、最高温度は667.2℃であった。温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は162min、最高温度到達時間は19minであった。また温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の曲げ強度は72.7〜113.0N、平均値が89.9Nであり、手で折ることができた。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel of Example 1 The solid fuel of Example 1 is a solid fuel containing rice husks, rice husks and rice bran as main raw materials, and its shape was stable at a molding temperature of 250°C. On the other hand, those manufactured at temperatures of 260° C., 280° C. and 300° C. were twisted and had many cracks. As a result of a combustion test, the solid fuel of Example 1 showed that the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 250°C had the highest combustion temperature, and the maximum temperature was 667.2°C. The solid fuel produced at a temperature of 250° C. had a burning time of not less than 120° C. of 162 min and a maximum temperature reaching time of 19 min. Further, the bending strength of the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 250° C. was 72.7 to 113.0 N, and the average value was 89.9 N, and it could be folded by hand.

実施例2の固形燃料の評価
実施例2の固形燃料は、籾殻と米糠とを主原料とする固形燃料であり、成形温度300℃で形状が安定した。一方、温度250℃、260℃、280℃で製造されたものは、ねじれており、またひび割れも多かった。実施例2の固形燃料は、燃焼試験の結果、成形温度(製造温度)に比例して最高燃焼温度が上昇し、成形温度300℃で製造された固形燃料の最高温度は689.5℃であった。成形温度300℃で製造された固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は110min、最高温度到達時間は11min、曲げ強度は68.0〜100.2N、平均値が81.1Nであり、手で折ることができた。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel of Example 2 The solid fuel of Example 2 was a solid fuel containing rice husks and rice bran as main raw materials, and had a stable shape at a molding temperature of 300°C. On the other hand, those manufactured at temperatures of 250° C., 260° C. and 280° C. were twisted and had many cracks. As a result of the combustion test, the maximum burning temperature of the solid fuel of Example 2 increased in proportion to the molding temperature (manufacturing temperature), and the maximum temperature of the solid fuel manufactured at the molding temperature of 300°C was 689.5°C. It was The solid fuel produced at a molding temperature of 300°C has a burning time of 120°C or higher of 110 min, a maximum temperature reaching time of 11 min, a bending strength of 68.0 to 100.2 N, and an average value of 81.1 N. I was able to.

実施例3の固形燃料の評価
実施例3の固形燃料は、実施例1と同様に籾殻と籾殻燻炭と米糠とを主原料とする固形燃料である。成形温度250〜260℃で形状が安定した固形燃料が得られた。一方、温度280℃、300℃で製造されたものは、ねじれており、またひび割れも多かった。実施例3の固形燃料は、成形温度(製造温度)に比例して最高燃焼温度が上昇し、成形温度300℃で製造された固形燃料の最高温度は649.3℃であった。温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の最高温度は620.9℃、温度260℃で製造された固形燃料の最高温度は639.7℃であった。成形温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は171min、最高温度到達時間は25minであった。成形温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の曲げ強度は34.1〜103.2N、平均値が63.8Nであり、手で折ることができた。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel of Example 3 The solid fuel of Example 3 is a solid fuel containing rice husks, rice husk charcoal, and rice bran as main raw materials, as in Example 1. A solid fuel having a stable shape was obtained at a molding temperature of 250 to 260°C. On the other hand, those manufactured at temperatures of 280° C. and 300° C. were twisted and had many cracks. The maximum combustion temperature of the solid fuel of Example 3 increased in proportion to the molding temperature (manufacturing temperature), and the maximum temperature of the solid fuel manufactured at the molding temperature of 300°C was 649.3°C. The maximum temperature of the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 250°C was 620.9°C, and the maximum temperature of the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 260°C was 639.7°C. The solid fuel produced at a molding temperature of 250° C. had a combustion time of 120° C. or higher of 171 min and a maximum temperature arrival time of 25 min. The bending strength of the solid fuel produced at the molding temperature of 250° C. was 34.1 to 103.2 N, the average value was 63.8 N, and it could be folded by hand.

参考例1の固形燃料の評価
参考例1の固形燃料は、籾殻と籾殻燻炭とを主原料とする固形燃料であり、籾殻100重量部に対する籾殻燻炭の配合割合は20重量部である。参考例1の固形燃料は、成形温度250〜300℃の範囲で形状が安定した固形燃料が得られた。一方、成形温度によらず燃焼特性にばらつきが大きく個体差がみられた。参考例1の固形燃料は、燃焼試験の結果、温度250℃で製造された固形燃料が最高燃焼温度を示し、最高温度は646.4℃であった。成形温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は175min、最高燃焼温度到達時間は22minであった。また成形温度250℃で製造された固形燃料の曲げ強度は199.9〜277.3N、平均値が226.6Nであり、手で折ることはできなかった。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel of Reference Example 1 The solid fuel of Reference Example 1 is a solid fuel containing rice husks and rice husks as main raw materials, and the mixing ratio of the rice husks charcoal to 100 parts by weight of rice husks is 20 parts by weight. With the solid fuel of Reference Example 1, a solid fuel having a stable shape was obtained in the molding temperature range of 250 to 300°C. On the other hand, there was a large variation in the combustion characteristics regardless of the molding temperature, and there were individual differences. As for the solid fuel of Reference Example 1, as a result of a combustion test, the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 250°C showed the highest combustion temperature, and the highest temperature was 646.4°C. The solid fuel produced at a molding temperature of 250° C. had a burning time of 120° C. or higher of 175 minutes and a maximum combustion temperature reaching time of 22 minutes. Further, the bending strength of the solid fuel produced at the molding temperature of 250° C. was 199.9 to 277.3 N, and the average value was 226.6 N, and it could not be folded by hand.

比較例1の固形燃料の評価
比較例1の固形燃料は、籾殻のみからなる固形燃料であり、成形温度260℃で形状が安定した。比較例1の固形燃料は、燃焼試験の結果、温度260℃で製造された固形燃料が最高燃焼温度を示し、最高温度は617.9℃であった。温度260℃で製造された固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は136min、最高温度到達時間は16minであった。また温度260℃で製造された固形燃料の曲げ強度は127.6〜142.8N、平均値が133.6Nであり、手で折ることはできなかった。
Evaluation of Solid Fuel of Comparative Example 1 The solid fuel of Comparative Example 1 was a solid fuel consisting only of rice husk, and its shape was stable at a molding temperature of 260°C. As for the solid fuel of Comparative Example 1, as a result of a combustion test, the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 260°C showed the highest combustion temperature, and the highest temperature was 617.9°C. The solid fuel produced at a temperature of 260°C had a burning time of 120°C or higher of 136 min and a maximum temperature reaching time of 16 min. Further, the bending strength of the solid fuel produced at a temperature of 260° C. was 127.6 to 142.8 N, and the average value was 133.6 N, and it could not be folded by hand.

実施例1〜3、参考例1、比較例1の固形燃料の評価
表1に燃焼試験結果等を示した。
Evaluation of Solid Fuels of Examples 1 to 3, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Table 1 shows the results of the combustion test.

Figure 0003227221
Figure 0003227221

本考案の固形燃料(実施例1〜3、参考例1)と籾殻のみで製造した固形燃料(比較例1)との燃焼特性を比較すると、本考案の固形燃料は、籾殻のみの固形燃料に比較して最高到達温度がいずれも高い。特に原料として糠を含む実施例1及び実施例2の固形燃料は、籾殻のみの固形燃料に比較して最高到達温度が約50〜72℃高い。また原料に燻炭を含む実施例1及び実施例3、参考例1の固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間は、籾殻のみの固形燃料の120℃以上燃焼時間の約1.2〜1.3倍である。 Comparing the combustion characteristics of the solid fuel of the present invention (Examples 1 to 3 and Reference Example 1) and the solid fuel produced only with rice husks (Comparative Example 1), the solid fuel of the present invention is a solid fuel containing only rice husks. The highest temperatures reached are higher in comparison. In particular, the solid fuels of Example 1 and Example 2 containing bran as a raw material have a maximum ultimate temperature higher by about 50 to 72° C. than the solid fuel containing only rice husks. Further, the burning time of the solid fuels of Examples 1 and 3 and Reference Example 1 containing smoldering charcoal as raw material is 120 to 130 times the burning time of the solid fuel of rice husk only. Is.

本考案の固形燃料(実施例1〜3)と籾殻のみで製造した固形燃料(比較例1)との曲げ強度を比較すると、前者の曲げ強度は後者の曲げ強度の約0.5〜0.67倍である。 Comparing the bending strengths of the solid fuel of the present invention (Examples 1 to 3) and the solid fuel produced only by rice husks (Comparative Example 1), the bending strength of the former is about 0.5 to 0. 67 times.

本考案の固形燃料を原料組成の観点からみると、基本的には糠を添加することで燃焼温度が上昇するが、糠の含有量が多いほど形状保持が難しくなり、成形温度を適切に設定する必要がある。また燻炭を添加することで燃焼時間が長くなるが、燻炭の含有量が多くなり過ぎると着火性が低下する。以上より籾殻100重量部に対して燻炭6〜10重量部、米糠5〜12重量部とすることが好ましい。 From the viewpoint of the raw material composition of the solid fuel of the present invention, basically, the addition of bran raises the combustion temperature, but as the content of bran increases, it becomes difficult to maintain the shape, and the molding temperature is set appropriately. There is a need to. Further, the burning time is prolonged by adding smoldering charcoal, but if the content of smoldering charcoal is too large, the ignitability decreases. From the above, it is preferable to use 6 to 10 parts by weight of smoldering coal and 5 to 12 parts by weight of rice bran to 100 parts by weight of rice husk.

本考案に係る固形燃料及びコンロセットは、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、要旨を変更しない範囲で変更することができる。また当業者であれば、本明細書を見て、自明な範囲内で種々の変更及び修正を容易に想定するであろう。従って、そのような変更及び修正は、請求の範囲から定まる考案の範囲内のものと解釈される。 The solid fuel and the cooker set according to the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be modified within the scope of the invention. In addition, those skilled in the art will easily think of various changes and modifications within the obvious range by viewing the present specification. Accordingly, such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

1コンロセット
11 固形燃料
21 着火剤
31 容器
32 容器本体
33 下部外壁面
34 通風口の位置
35 蓋
41 工具
45 袋
51 金網
61 手袋(軍手)
1 Stove set 11 Solid fuel 21 Ignition agent 31 Container 32 Container body 33 Lower outer wall surface 34 Ventilation port position 35 Lid 41 Tool 45 Bag 51 Wire mesh 61 Gloves (work gloves)

Claims (5)

農業系バイオマスを主原料とし加熱圧縮成形された固形燃料であって、
主原料が籾殻と燻炭及び/又は米糠であり、筒状又は棒状に成形された固形燃料。
A solid fuel that is heat compression molded from agricultural biomass as the main raw material,
A solid fuel that has a main material of rice husk, smoldering charcoal, and/or rice bran and is formed into a tubular or rod shape.
3点曲げ試験における曲げ強度が30〜120Nである請求項1に記載の固形燃料。 The solid fuel according to claim 1, which has a bending strength of 30 to 120 N in a three-point bending test. 前記籾殻、前記燻炭及び/又は前記米糠の重量比が、前記籾殻100重量部に対して、前記燻炭6〜10重量部、前記米糠5〜12重量部である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の固形燃料。 The weight ratio of the rice husks, the smoky charcoal and/or the rice bran is 6 to 10 parts by weight of the husks and 5 to 12 parts by weight of the rice bran to 100 parts by weight of the rice husks. Solid fuel according to. 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の固形燃料と、
着火剤と、
前記固形燃料及び前記着火剤を収納する金属製の容器と、
を有し、
前記容器がコンロとして使用可能なコンロセット。
The solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Ignition agent,
A metal container for containing the solid fuel and the ignition agent,
Have
A stove set in which the container can be used as a stove.
さらに前記容器に通風口を開けるための工具を備え、
前記容器の外壁面に前記通風口となる位置が示されている請求項4に記載のコンロセット。
Further provided with a tool for opening a ventilation port in the container,
The stove set according to claim 4, wherein a position serving as the ventilation port is shown on an outer wall surface of the container.
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