JP3208685B2 - Operation method of white smoke prevention cooling tower - Google Patents
Operation method of white smoke prevention cooling towerInfo
- Publication number
- JP3208685B2 JP3208685B2 JP27171992A JP27171992A JP3208685B2 JP 3208685 B2 JP3208685 B2 JP 3208685B2 JP 27171992 A JP27171992 A JP 27171992A JP 27171992 A JP27171992 A JP 27171992A JP 3208685 B2 JP3208685 B2 JP 3208685B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- air
- cooling tower
- relative humidity
- white smoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、白煙防止型冷却塔の運
転方法に関し、詳しくは、冷却塔からの白煙の発生を防
止しながら効率のよい運転を行う方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for operating a white smoke prevention type cooling tower, and more particularly to a method for efficiently operating a white smoke prevention type cooling tower while preventing the generation of white smoke from the cooling tower.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】冷却塔から発生する白煙は、火事や有害
物質排出と誤認するおそれがあるなどの理由から、白煙
の発生を防止した、いわゆる白煙防止型冷却塔が多く用
いられるようになってきている。この白煙防止型冷却塔
における白煙の防止方法としては、湿式充填材を通過す
る風の後流部に加熱コイルを配設し、飽和湿度の出口空
気を加熱して低湿度にする方法や、バイパス空気を加熱
して飽和湿度の空気に混合し、低湿度にする方法等が知
られている。2. Description of the Related Art White smoke generated from a cooling tower is often used in a so-called white smoke prevention type cooling tower, which prevents the generation of white smoke, for the reason that it may be mistaken for fire or emission of harmful substances. It is becoming. As a method of preventing white smoke in the white smoke prevention cooling tower, a heating coil is arranged in a downstream portion of the wind passing through the wet filler, and a method of heating the outlet air at the saturated humidity to lower the humidity is used. In addition, there is known a method in which bypass air is heated and mixed with air having a saturated humidity to reduce the humidity.
【０００３】一方、冷却塔においても省エネルギーの観
点から消費電力の節減が望まれており、冷却水の温度変
動に応じて、送風機を発停する方法、送風機の運転台数
を増減する方法、インバーターを利用して送風機の回転
数を変更する方法等が行われている。On the other hand, in the cooling tower, it is desired to reduce the power consumption from the viewpoint of energy saving. Therefore, a method of starting and stopping a blower, a method of increasing or decreasing the number of operating blowers, and an inverter according to a temperature change of cooling water are required. A method of changing the number of rotations of a blower using the method has been performed.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、前記白
煙防止型冷却塔において、省エネルギーを図るために、
単に冷却水温に対応させて送風機の発停等の制御を行う
と、冷却負荷が一定の場合は、送風量が減少した分、風
量当りの熱交換量が多くなり、出口空気の温度が上昇し
て白煙を生じ易くなる。However, in order to save energy in the white smoke prevention type cooling tower,
By simply controlling the start and stop of the blower in accordance with the cooling water temperature, if the cooling load is constant, the amount of heat exchange per air volume increases due to the decrease in the air volume, and the outlet air temperature rises. White smoke.
【０００５】したがって、白煙が発生しない限度内で送
風機を制御する必要があるが、白煙の発生は、外気，気
象条件によっても異なるため、上記のように冷却水温の
みによって送風機を制御する方法では、白煙の発生を防
止しながらの省エネルギー運転は困難である。Therefore, it is necessary to control the blower within a limit where white smoke is not generated. However, since the generation of white smoke varies depending on the outside air and weather conditions, a method of controlling the blower only by the cooling water temperature as described above. Then, it is difficult to save energy while preventing the generation of white smoke.
【０００６】そこで本発明は、白煙防止型冷却塔におい
て、冷却塔からの白煙の発生を防止しながら効率のよい
省エネルギー運転を行うことができる冷却塔の運転方法
を提供することを目的としている。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a cooling tower capable of performing efficient energy-saving operation while preventing generation of white smoke from the cooling tower in a white smoke prevention type cooling tower. I have.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記した目的を達成する
ため、本発明の第１の構成は、冷却塔の入口水温を検出
して、該入口水温が所定の温度より高いときには送風量
を増加させ、前記入口水温が所定の温度より低いときに
は、冷却塔の出口空気の相対湿度を検出して、該相対湿
度が白煙発生限界相対湿度より低いときには送風量を減
少させ、前記相対湿度が白煙発生限界相対湿度を超えて
いるときには送風量を増加させることを特徴とするもの
である。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a first configuration of the present invention detects a water temperature at an inlet of a cooling tower, and increases a blowing amount when the water temperature at the inlet is higher than a predetermined temperature. When the inlet water temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, the relative humidity of the outlet air of the cooling tower is detected, and when the relative humidity is lower than the white smoke generation limit relative humidity, the blowing amount is reduced, and the relative humidity becomes white. When the smoke generation limit relative humidity is exceeded, the amount of air blow is increased.
【０００８】第２の構成は、冷却塔の入口水温を検出し
て、該入口水温が所定の温度より高いときには送風量を
増加させ、前記入口水温が所定の温度より低いときに
は、冷却塔の入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度を検出
し、あらかじめ設定されている前記乾球温度，相対湿度
及び前記入口水温と、該冷却塔の白煙発生限界との関係
から、前記検出した入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度と
前記検出した入口水温とが前記白煙発生限界以下のとき
には送風量を減少させ、白煙発生限界を超えているとき
には送風量を増加させることを特徴としている。[0008] A second configuration is to detect the inlet water temperature of the cooling tower, and to increase the amount of air blow when the inlet water temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, and to increase the air flow when the inlet water temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature. The dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air are detected, and from the relationship between the preset dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and the inlet water temperature and the white smoke generation limit of the cooling tower, the detected inlet air dryness is detected. When the bulb temperature and the relative humidity and the detected inlet water temperature are lower than the white smoke generation limit, the air flow is reduced, and when the white water generation limit is exceeded, the air flow is increased.
【０００９】さらに、第３の構成は、冷却塔の入口水温
を検出して、該入口水温が所定の温度より高いときには
送風量を増加させ、前記入口水温が所定の温度より低い
ときには、冷却塔の入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度を
検出し、あらかじめ設定されている前記乾球温度，相対
湿度及び送風量と、該冷却塔の白煙発生限界との関係か
ら、送風量を、前記検出した入口空気の乾球温度及び相
対湿度に対応する前記白煙発生限界の送風量に調節する
ことを特徴としている。Further, a third structure is to detect the inlet water temperature of the cooling tower, and to increase the amount of air blow when the inlet water temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature; and to detect the cooling tower when the inlet water temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature. The dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the inlet air of the cooling tower are detected, and the blow-off amount is detected from the relationship between the preset dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and the blown amount and the white smoke generation limit of the cooling tower. It is characterized in that the white smoke generation limit is adjusted to the blowing amount corresponding to the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the inlet air.
【００１０】[0010]
【作 用】上記各構成によれば、冷却塔の入口水温と、
冷却塔の出口空気の相対湿度あるいは冷却塔の入口空気
の乾球温度及び相対湿度とから適正な送風量に制御する
ので、白煙を防止しながら経済的な運転を行うことがで
きる。[Operation] According to each of the above configurations, the cooling water inlet water temperature,
Since the amount of air to be blown is controlled based on the relative humidity of the cooling tower outlet air or the dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the cooling tower inlet air, economical operation can be performed while preventing white smoke.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明を、図面に示す実施例に基づい
て、さらに詳細に説明する。図１は本発明を適用した白
煙防止型冷却塔の系統図であって、図２は前記第１の構
成に対応するフローチャート、図３及び図４は第２の構
成に対応するもので、図３はそのフローチャート、図４
は外気温度，相対湿度，入口水温に対する白煙発生限界
を示す図、図５及び図６は第３の構成に対応するもの
で、図５はそのフローチャート、図６は外気温度，相対
湿度，風量に対する白煙発生限界を示す図である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a white image to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a smoke prevention type cooling tower, FIG. 2 is a flowchart corresponding to the first configuration, FIGS. 3 and 4 correspond to a second configuration, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing white smoke generation limits with respect to outside air temperature, relative humidity, and inlet water temperature. FIGS. 5 and 6 correspond to the third configuration, FIG. 5 is a flowchart thereof, and FIG. 6 is outside air temperature, relative humidity, and air volume. It is a figure which shows the white smoke generation limit with respect to.
【００１２】まず、図１において、冷却塔１は、冷凍機
２を循環する冷却水を本体上部の冷却水入口部１１から
充填材１２に流下させ、該冷却水と本体部側方の空気入
口部１３から吸入した冷却空気とを充填材１２部分で接
触させて冷却水を冷却するもので、冷却された冷却水
は、本体底部の冷却水出口部（受水槽）１４から冷凍機
２に送られ、温度，湿度共に上昇した冷却空気は、本体
上部の冷却空気出口部１５に配設されたファン１６によ
り吸引されて排出される。また、冷却水の循環経路に
は、ポンプ２１，水量調節弁２２，バイパス弁２３が設
けられている。First, in FIG. 1, a cooling tower 1 causes cooling water circulating in a refrigerator 2 to flow down from a cooling water inlet 11 at an upper part of a main body to a filler 12, and the cooling water and an air inlet at a side of the main body. Cooling water is cooled by bringing cooling air sucked from the part 13 into contact with the filler 12 at the part thereof, and the cooled cooling water is sent to the refrigerator 2 from a cooling water outlet (water receiving tank) 14 at the bottom of the main body. The cooling air whose temperature and humidity have risen is sucked and discharged by a fan 16 provided at a cooling air outlet 15 in the upper part of the main body. In addition, a pump 21, a water amount control valve 22, and a bypass valve 23 are provided in the cooling water circulation path.
【００１３】さらに、上記冷却水の循環経路には、冷却
塔１に送られる冷却水の温度、即ち入口水温を検出する
ための水温計３１と、冷却塔１で冷却された冷却水の温
度、即ち出口水温を検出するための水温計３２とが設け
られ、冷却塔１には、前記空気入口部１３から吸入され
る冷却空気の温度、即ち外気温度を検出するための温度
計３３と、この冷却空気の相対湿度を検出するための湿
度計３４と、冷却空気出口部１５から排出される出口空
気の相対湿度を検出するための湿度計３５とが設けられ
ている。Further, in the cooling water circulation path, a temperature of the cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1, that is, a water temperature meter 31 for detecting an inlet water temperature, a temperature of the cooling water cooled in the cooling tower 1, That is, a water thermometer 32 for detecting the outlet water temperature is provided, and the cooling tower 1 is provided with a thermometer 33 for detecting the temperature of the cooling air taken in from the air inlet 13, that is, a thermometer 33 for detecting the outside air temperature. A hygrometer 34 for detecting the relative humidity of the cooling air and a hygrometer 35 for detecting the relative humidity of the outlet air discharged from the cooling air outlet 15 are provided.
【００１４】上記各検出器は、それぞれ制御器３６に接
続されており、制御器３６は、これらの検出データに基
づいてファン１６を制御し、冷却塔１における冷却空気
の送風量を調節するとともに、必要に応じてバイパス弁
２３の開度を制御し、冷却塔１に送る冷却水量を調節す
る。Each of the above detectors is connected to a controller 36, which controls the fan 16 based on the detection data to adjust the amount of cooling air blown in the cooling tower 1 and If necessary, the opening of the bypass valve 23 is controlled, and the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 is adjusted.
【００１５】一方、一般の空調用のターボ式冷凍機に
は、冷媒ガスの圧力が所定範囲を超えると冷凍機を停止
させる保護回路が設けられており、冷凍機２に入る冷却
水の温度が低く、例えば１７℃以下になると冷媒ガスの
圧力が低くなって保護回路が作動して冷凍機を停止させ
る。逆に冷凍機２から出る水温が高い場合、例えば４０
℃以上になる場合には、冷媒ガスの圧力が高くなって保
護回路が作動して冷凍機を停止させる。On the other hand, a general air-conditioning turbo refrigerator has a protection circuit for stopping the refrigerator when the pressure of the refrigerant gas exceeds a predetermined range. If the temperature is low, for example, 17 ° C. or less, the pressure of the refrigerant gas becomes low and the protection circuit operates to stop the refrigerator. Conversely, if the water temperature from the refrigerator 2 is high, for example, 40
When the temperature exceeds ℃, the pressure of the refrigerant gas increases and the protection circuit operates to stop the refrigerator.
【００１６】また、冷凍機２は、一般に、冷却水の温度
が低い方が効率のよい運転を行えるため、冷却塔１にお
いては、冷凍機２に供給する温度を上記範囲内でできる
だけ低くし、かつ冷凍機２の出口水温が高くならないよ
うに十分な量の冷却水を冷凍機２に供給する必要があ
る。In general, the refrigerator 2 can operate more efficiently when the temperature of the cooling water is lower. Therefore, in the cooling tower 1, the temperature supplied to the refrigerator 2 is set as low as possible within the above range. In addition, it is necessary to supply a sufficient amount of cooling water to the refrigerator 2 so that the outlet water temperature of the refrigerator 2 does not increase.
【００１７】したがって、冷却塔１においては、必要十
分な量の冷却水を冷却するとともに、白煙の発生を防止
した条件での運転が要求される。図２は、このような条
件に対応するための本発明の第１実施例を示すもので、
前記第１の構成として述べた方法である。Therefore, in the cooling tower 1, it is required to operate the cooling tower in a condition in which a necessary and sufficient amount of cooling water is cooled and generation of white smoke is prevented. FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the present invention for meeting such a condition.
This is the method described as the first configuration.
【００１８】本実施例においては、まず、水温計３１に
より冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１を検出し、検出された入
口水温が、例えば２８℃を超えているかを判定する（１
０１）。入口水温ＴＷ１が２８℃を超えているときに
は、ファン１６の運転台数を増したり、回転数を上げる
などして送風量を増加させるとともに（１０２）、バイ
パス弁２３を閉方向に作動させて冷却塔１に送る冷却水
量を増加させる（１０３）。In this embodiment, first, the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 is detected by the water temperature gauge 31, and it is determined whether or not the detected inlet water temperature exceeds, for example, 28 ° C. (1).
01). When the inlet water temperature TW1 exceeds 28 ° C., the number of operating fans 16 and the number of revolutions are increased to increase the amount of air blow (102), and the bypass valve 23 is operated in the closing direction to cool the cooling tower. The amount of cooling water sent to 1 is increased (103).
【００１９】入口水温ＴＷ１が２８℃以下のときには、
湿度計３５で出口空気の相対湿度ＲＨを検出し（１０
４）、相対湿度ＲＨが白煙が発生し易い相対湿度、すな
わち白煙発生限界相対湿度よりも低いとき、例えば９８
％以下のときには送風量を低減させる（１０５）。When the inlet water temperature TW1 is 28 ° C. or less,
The relative humidity RH of the outlet air is detected by the hygrometer 35 (10
4) The relative humidity RH is a relative humidity at which white smoke is likely to be generated.
That is, when it is lower than the white smoke generation limit relative humidity, for example, 98
%, The amount of air is reduced (105).
【００２０】したがって、入口水温ＴＷ１が２８℃以下
で、かつ相対湿度ＲＨが白煙発生限界相対湿度よりも低
い９８％以下のときには、前記ステップ１０２及びステ
ップ１０５で送風量の増減が相殺され、バイパス弁２３
の閉方向への制御により最適な冷却状態での運転が行わ
れる。なお、この状態は、適正な運転状態であり、冷却
水が十分に冷却され、出口空気の相対湿度ＲＨが低く、
白煙は発生しない状態にある。Therefore, the inlet water temperature TW1 is 28 ° C. or less and the relative humidity RH is lower than the white smoke generation limit relative humidity.
If it is not more than 98%, the increase and decrease of the air flow rate are canceled in the steps 102 and 105, and the bypass valve 23
The operation in the optimal cooling state is performed by the control in the closing direction. This state is a proper operation state, the cooling water is sufficiently cooled, the relative humidity RH of the outlet air is low,
White smoke is not generated.
【００２１】一方、出口空気の相対湿度ＲＨが白煙発生
限界相対湿度である９８％よりも高いときは、冷却水を
冷却して温度が上昇し、水分を多く含んだ出口空気が外
気で冷却されることにより、出口空気中の水分が凝縮し
て白煙を発生させ易い状態にある。On the other hand, when the relative humidity RH of the outlet air is white smoke
When the relative humidity is higher than the critical relative humidity of 98% , the temperature of the cooling water is increased by cooling, and the outlet air containing a large amount of water is cooled by the outside air. It is in a state that easily generates smoke.
【００２２】そこで、このような状態になったら、ファ
ン１６を制御して送風量を増加させる（１０６）。これ
により、冷却水量に対する空気量が増加し、出口空気の
相対湿度ＲＨを白煙発生限界相対湿度よりも下げること
ができ、白煙の発生が防止できる。また、送風量の増加
により冷却水が冷え過ぎることを防止するため、水温計
３２で出口水温ＴＷ２を検出し（１０７）、出口水温Ｔ
Ｗ２が２１℃以下のときには、バイパス弁２３を開方向
に作動させて冷却塔１に送る冷却水量を減少させる（１
０８）。この操作により出口水温ＴＷ２が２１℃を超え
たら、バイパス弁２３を閉方向に作動させて冷却塔１に
送る冷却水量を増加させ（１０９）、出口空気の相対湿
度ＲＨの検出（１０４）に戻る。Then, when such a state is reached, the fan 16 is controlled to increase the air flow (106). As a result, the amount of air with respect to the amount of cooling water increases, and the relative humidity RH of the outlet air can be made lower than the white smoke generation limit relative humidity , thereby preventing the generation of white smoke. In addition, in order to prevent the cooling water from being excessively cooled due to the increase in the blown air volume, the outlet water temperature TW2 is detected by the water temperature meter 32 (107), and the outlet water temperature TW2 is detected.
When W2 is equal to or lower than 21 ° C., the bypass valve 23 is operated in the opening direction to reduce the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 (1).
08). When the outlet water temperature TW2 exceeds 21 ° C. by this operation, the bypass valve 23 is operated in the closing direction to increase the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 (109), and returns to the detection of the relative humidity RH of the outlet air (104). .
【００２３】このように、冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１が
所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、入口水
温ＴＷ１が低く、かつ、出口空気の相対湿度ＲＨが白煙
発生限界相対湿度より低いときには送風量を減少させ、
相対湿度ＲＨが白煙発生限界相対湿度より高いときには
送風量を増加させることにより、白煙の発生を防止する
ことができ、更に入口，出口の水温に応じて冷却塔１に
送る冷却水量を調節することにより、冷凍機２に最適な
温度の冷却水を供給することができる。As described above, when the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 is higher than the predetermined temperature, the amount of air blow is increased, the inlet water temperature TW1 is low, and the relative humidity RH of the outlet air is white smoke.
When it is lower than the generation limit relative humidity, reduce the ventilation volume,
When the relative humidity RH is higher than the white smoke generation limit relative humidity , it is possible to prevent the generation of white smoke by increasing the amount of air blow, and to further regulate the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 according to the inlet and outlet water temperatures. By doing so, it is possible to supply the cooling water of the optimum temperature to the refrigerator 2.
【００２４】図３及び図４は本発明の第２実施例を示す
もので、前記第２の構成として述べた方法である。FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention, which is the method described as the second configuration.
【００２５】まず、本実施例においても、水温計３１に
より冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１を検出し、検出された入
口水温が、例えば３７℃を超えているかを判定する（２
０１）。入口水温ＴＷ１が３７℃を超えているときに
は、ファン１６の運転数を増して送風量を増加させると
ともに（２０２）、バイパス弁２３を閉方向に作動させ
て冷却塔１に送る冷却水量を増加させる（２０３）。First, also in the present embodiment, the water temperature gauge 31 detects the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 and determines whether or not the detected inlet water temperature exceeds, for example, 37 ° C. (2)
01). When the inlet water temperature TW1 exceeds 37 ° C., the number of operating fans 16 is increased to increase the amount of air blown (202), and the bypass valve 23 is operated in the closing direction to increase the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1. (203).
【００２６】入口水温ＴＷ１が３７℃以下のときには、
冷却塔１の空気入口部１３に設けた前記温度計３３で外
気温（乾球温度）ＤＢを検出するとともに、湿度計３４
で入口空気の相対湿度ＲＨを検出し、図４に示す乾球温
度ＤＢ，相対湿度ＲＨ，入口水温ＴＷ１と、該冷却塔１
の白煙発生限界との関係から、許容できる入口水温の限
界値ＴＷ１ｍａｘを求める（２０４）。When the inlet water temperature TW1 is 37 ° C. or less,
The outside air temperature (dry bulb temperature) DB is detected by the thermometer 33 provided at the air inlet 13 of the cooling tower 1, and a hygrometer 34 is provided.
To detect the dry air temperature DB, the relative humidity RH, the inlet water temperature TW1, and the cooling tower 1 shown in FIG.
The allowable limit value TW1max of the inlet water temperature is determined from the relationship with the white smoke generation limit (204).
【００２７】上記図４は、この種の冷却塔における白煙
発生限界の気象条件をあらかじめシュミレーションして
得たものであって、例えば、入口空気の乾球温度ＤＢが
１０℃、相対湿度ＲＨが９０％の場合は、入口水温ＴＷ
１が２８℃を超すと白煙が発生すること、即ち「ＴＷ１
ｍａｘ＝２８℃」が求められる。FIG. 4 is obtained by simulating in advance the weather conditions at the limit of white smoke generation in this type of cooling tower. For example, when the dry-bulb temperature DB of the inlet air is 10 ° C. and the relative humidity RH is In the case of 90%, the inlet water temperature TW
1 exceeds 28 ° C., white smoke is generated, ie, “TW1
max = 28 ° C. ”is required.
【００２８】上記図４における入口水温の限界値ＴＷ１
ｍａｘと乾球温度ＤＢ及び相対湿度ＲＨとの相関関係
は、大略次の式１で表すことができる。The limit value TW1 of the inlet water temperature in FIG.
The correlation between max and the dry-bulb temperature DB and the relative humidity RH can be approximately expressed by the following equation 1.
【００２９】[0029]
【式１】 （式中、ＤＢは乾球温度、ＲＨは相対湿度、αは余裕値
である。）(Equation 1) (Where DB is the dry bulb temperature, RH is the relative humidity, and α is the margin value.)
【００３０】したがって、前記温度計３３及び湿度計３
４で検出した乾球温度ＤＢと相対湿度ＲＨとを上記式１
に代入して演算することにより、入口水温の限界値ＴＷ
１ｍａｘを求めることができる。Therefore, the thermometer 33 and the hygrometer 3
The dry-bulb temperature DB and the relative humidity RH detected in step 4 are calculated by the above equation
To the inlet water temperature limit value TW
1max can be obtained.
【００３１】そして、上記のようにして求めた入口水温
の限界値ＴＷ１ｍａｘと検出した入口水温ＴＷ１とを比
較し（２０５）、入口水温ＴＷ１が限界値ＴＷ１ｍａｘ
以下のときには送風量を低減する（２０６）。Then, the limit value TW1max of the inlet water temperature obtained as described above is compared with the detected inlet water temperature TW1 (205), and the inlet water temperature TW1 is set to the limit value TW1max.
In the following cases, the blowing amount is reduced (206).
【００３２】したがって、入口水温ＴＷ１が３７℃以下
で、かつ入口水温ＴＷ１が限界値ＴＷ１ｍａｘ以下のと
きには、前記ステップ２０２及びステップ２０６で送風
量の増減が相殺され、前記第１実施例と同様に、バイパ
ス弁２３の閉方向への制御による最適な冷却状態での運
転が行われる。Therefore, when the inlet water temperature TW1 is equal to or lower than 37 ° C. and the inlet water temperature TW1 is equal to or lower than the limit value TW1max, the increase and decrease of the air blowing amount are canceled in the steps 202 and 206, as in the first embodiment. The operation in the optimal cooling state is performed by controlling the bypass valve 23 in the closing direction.
【００３３】一方、入口水温ＴＷ１が限界値ＴＷ１ｍａ
ｘを超えているときは、白煙が発生し易い状態にあるか
ら、送風量を増加させて冷却水量に対する空気量を増加
する（２０７）。また、前記同様に、送風量の増加によ
る過冷却を防止するため、水温計３２で出口水温ＴＷ２
を検出し、出口水温ＴＷ２が２１℃以下のときには（２
０８）、バイパス弁２３を開方向に作動させて冷却塔１
に送る冷却水量を減少させる（２０９）。この操作によ
り出口水温ＴＷ２が２１℃を超えたら、バイパス弁２３
を閉方向に作動させて冷却塔１に送る冷却水量を増加さ
せ（２１０）、これらの一連の操作により入口水温ＴＷ
１が限界値ＴＷ１ｍａｘ以下になるようにする。On the other hand, the inlet water temperature TW1 is equal to the limit value TW1ma.
If it exceeds x, white smoke is likely to be generated, so that the amount of air is increased to increase the amount of air to the amount of cooling water (207). As described above, the outlet water temperature TW2 is measured by the water temperature meter 32 in order to prevent overcooling due to an increase in the amount of air blown.
Is detected, and when the outlet water temperature TW2 is equal to or lower than 21 ° C., (2
08), by operating the bypass valve 23 in the opening direction, the cooling tower 1
(209). If the outlet water temperature TW2 exceeds 21 ° C. by this operation, the bypass valve 23
Is operated in the closing direction to increase the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 (210).
1 is equal to or smaller than the limit value TW1max.
【００３４】このように、冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１が
所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、前記入
口水温が低く、かつ、該水温が、入口空気の乾球温度，
相対湿度及び前記入口水温と白煙発生限界との関係から
求められる白煙発生限界水温以下のときには送風量を減
少させ、白煙発生限界水温を超えているときには送風量
を増加させることによっても、白煙の発生を防止しなが
ら冷凍機２に最適な温度の冷却水を供給することができ
る。As described above, when the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 is higher than a predetermined temperature, the amount of air blow is increased, and the inlet water temperature is low and the water temperature is lower than the dry bulb temperature of the inlet air.
Relative humidity and the inlet water temperature and the white smoke generation limit determined from the relationship between the white smoke generation limit water temperature below the white smoke generation limit water temperature is reduced, by increasing the air flow when exceeding the white smoke generation limit water temperature, Cooling water at an optimum temperature can be supplied to the refrigerator 2 while preventing generation of white smoke.
【００３５】図５及び図６は本発明の第３実施例を示す
もので、前記第３の構成として述べた方法である。FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of the present invention, which is the method described as the third configuration.
【００３６】まず、本実施例においても、水温計３１に
より検出した冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１が、例えば３７
℃を超えているかを判定し（３０１）、３７℃を超えて
いるときには、送風量を増加させるとともに（３０
２）、バイパス弁２３を閉方向に作動させて冷却塔１に
送る冷却水量を増加させる（３０３）。First, also in the present embodiment, the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 detected by the water temperature gauge 31 is, for example, 37
It is determined whether the temperature exceeds 30 ° C. (301).
2) By operating the bypass valve 23 in the closing direction, the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 is increased (303).
【００３７】入口水温ＴＷ１が３７℃以下のときには、
空気入口部１３の温度計３３で外気温（乾球温度）ＤＢ
を検出するとともに、湿度計３４で入口空気の相対湿度
ＲＨを検出し、図６に示す乾球温度ＤＢ，相対湿度Ｒ
Ｈ，風量（最大風量を１００％とする）と、該冷却塔１
の白煙発生限界との関係から、許容できる最大風量を求
める（３０４）。When the inlet water temperature TW1 is 37 ° C. or less,
Outside air temperature (dry bulb temperature) DB with thermometer 33 at air inlet 13
And the relative humidity RH of the inlet air is detected by the hygrometer 34, and the dry bulb temperature DB and the relative humidity R shown in FIG.
H, the air volume (the maximum air volume is 100%) and the cooling tower 1
The allowable maximum air volume is obtained from the relationship with the white smoke generation limit (304).
【００３８】上記図６は、図４と同様に、この種の冷却
塔における白煙発生限界の気象条件をあらかじめシュミ
レーションして得たものであって、例えば、入口空気の
乾球温度ＤＢが１０℃、相対湿度ＲＨが５０％の場合
は、風量を約４０％まで落とせることが判る。FIG. 6 shows, in the same manner as FIG. 4, a simulation result of the weather conditions at the limit of white smoke generation in this type of cooling tower in advance. It is understood that when the temperature and the relative humidity RH are 50%, the air volume can be reduced to about 40%.
【００３９】上記図６における風量限界値と乾球温度Ｄ
Ｂ及び相対湿度ＲＨとの相関関係は、大略次の式２で表
すことができる。The airflow limit value and the dry-bulb temperature D in FIG.
The correlation between B and the relative humidity RH can be roughly expressed by the following equation (2).
【００４０】[0040]
【式２】 （式中、ＤＢは乾球温度、ＲＨは相対湿度、αは余裕値
である。）(Equation 2) (Where DB is the dry bulb temperature, RH is the relative humidity, and α is the margin value.)
【００４１】したがって、前記温度計３３及び湿度計３
４で検出した乾球温度ＤＢと相対湿度ＲＨとを上記式２
に代入して演算することにより、風量の限界値を求める
ことができる。そして、上記のようにして求めた風量の
限界値に基づいて、ファン１６の運転台数を増減した
り、回転数を制御して風量を調節する（３０５）。Therefore, the thermometer 33 and the hygrometer 3
The dry-bulb temperature DB and the relative humidity RH detected in step 4 are calculated by the above equation (2).
To calculate the airflow limit value. Then, based on the limit value of the air volume obtained as described above, the number of operating fans 16 is increased or decreased, or the number of fans is controlled to adjust the air volume (305).
【００４２】また、前記同様、上記風量制御とともに、
出口水温ＴＷ２が２１℃以下のときには（３０６）、バ
イパス弁２３を開方向に作動させて冷却塔１に送る冷却
水量を減少させ（３０７）、出口水温ＴＷ２が２１℃を
超えているときには、バイパス弁２３を閉方向に作動さ
せて冷却塔１に送る冷却水量を増加させる（３０８）。As described above, together with the air volume control,
When the outlet water temperature TW2 is equal to or lower than 21 ° C. (306), the bypass valve 23 is operated in the opening direction to reduce the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 (307), and when the outlet water temperature TW2 exceeds 21 ° C. The valve 23 is operated in the closing direction to increase the amount of cooling water sent to the cooling tower 1 (308).
【００４３】このように、冷却塔１の入口水温ＴＷ１が
所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、前記入
口水温が低く、かつ、入口空気の乾球温度と相対湿度と
から求められる白煙発生限界風量に送風量を調節するこ
とによっても、白煙の発生を防止しながら冷凍機２に最
適な温度の冷却水を供給することができる。このとき、
冷却塔の負荷が低下する場合は、負荷率に応じて送風量
を調節することができる。As described above, when the inlet water temperature TW1 of the cooling tower 1 is higher than the predetermined temperature, the amount of air blow is increased, the inlet water temperature is low, and the white smoke obtained from the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the inlet air is increased. By adjusting the air flow to the generation limit air volume, it is possible to supply the cooling water of the optimum temperature to the refrigerator 2 while preventing the generation of white smoke. At this time,
When the load on the cooling tower decreases, the amount of air to be blown can be adjusted according to the load factor.
【００４４】なお、上記各実施例で用いた数値は一例で
あり、冷却塔の能力等に応じて適宜に設定されるもので
ある。また、前記図１に示した冷却塔には、各実施例に
用いる検出器が全て設けられているが、例えば、第１実
施例においては、入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度を検
出する温度計及び湿度計を省略してよく、第２，第３実
施例では、出口空気の相対湿度を検出する湿度計を省略
してもよい。さらに、冷却水の過冷却の防止は、本発明
の白煙防止制御から独立させて別個に行うことが可能で
ある。It should be noted that the numerical values used in each of the above embodiments are merely examples, and are appropriately set according to the capacity of the cooling tower and the like. Further, the cooling tower shown in FIG. 1 is provided with all the detectors used in each embodiment. For example, in the first embodiment, the temperature for detecting the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the inlet air is used. The hygrometer and the hygrometer may be omitted, and in the second and third embodiments, the hygrometer for detecting the relative humidity of the outlet air may be omitted. Further, prevention of supercooling of the cooling water can be performed independently of the white smoke prevention control of the present invention.
【００４５】[0045]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の冷却塔の
運転方法は、冷却塔の入口水温と、冷却塔の出口空気の
相対湿度あるいは冷却塔の入口空気の乾球温度及び相対
湿度とから適正な送風量に制御するので、簡単な制御系
で、様々な気象条件のもとでも白煙を発生させずに経済
的な運転を行うことができる。As described above, the method of operating a cooling tower according to the present invention relates to a method of operating the cooling tower at the inlet water temperature and the relative humidity of the cooling tower outlet air or the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of the cooling tower inlet air. Since the air flow is controlled to an appropriate level, economical operation can be performed with a simple control system without generating white smoke even under various weather conditions.
【図１】本発明を適用した冷却塔の系統図である。FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a cooling tower to which the present invention is applied.
【図２】本発明の第１実施例を示すフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第２実施例を示すフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】外気温度，相対湿度，入口水温に対する白煙発
生限界を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing white smoke generation limits with respect to outside air temperature, relative humidity, and inlet water temperature.
【図５】本発明の第３実施例を示すフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】外気温度，相対湿度，風量に対する白煙発生限
界を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing white smoke generation limits with respect to outside air temperature, relative humidity, and air volume.
１…冷却塔、１１…冷却水入口部、１２…充填材、１３
…空気入口部、１４…冷却水出口部、１５…冷却空気出
口部、１６…ファン ２…冷凍機、２１…ポンプ、２２…水量調節弁、２３…
バイパス弁 ３１，３２…水温計、３３…温度計、３４，３５…湿度
計、３６…制御器DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cooling tower, 11 ... Cooling water inlet part, 12 ... Filler, 13
... Air inlet, 14 ... Cooling water outlet, 15 ... Cooling air outlet, 16 ... Fan 2 ... Refrigerator, 21 ... Pump, 22 ... Water control valve, 23 ...
Bypass valves 31, 32: water temperature gauge, 33: thermometer, 34, 35 ... hygrometer, 36: controller
Claims (3)
温が所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、前
記入口水温が所定の温度より低いときには、冷却塔の出
口空気の相対湿度を検出して、該相対湿度が白煙発生限
界相対湿度より低いときには送風量を減少させ、前記相
対湿度が白煙発生限界相対湿度を超えているときには送
風量を増加させることを特徴とする白煙防止型冷却塔の
運転方法。1. An inlet water temperature of a cooling tower is detected. When the inlet water temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the amount of air blown is increased. When the inlet water temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, a relative humidity of outlet air of the cooling tower is increased. to detect, said relative humidity is white smoke generating limit
A method for operating a white smoke prevention type cooling tower, characterized in that when the relative humidity is lower than the field relative humidity, the amount of air is reduced, and when the relative humidity exceeds the white smoke generation limit relative humidity, the amount of air is increased.
温が所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、前
記入口水温が所定の温度より低いときには、冷却塔の入
口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度を検出し、あらかじめ設
定されている前記乾球温度，相対湿度及び前記入口水温
と、該冷却塔の白煙発生限界との関係から、前記検出し
た入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度と前記検出した入口
水温とが前記白煙発生限界以下のときには送風量を減少
させ、白煙発生限界を超えているときには送風量を増加
させることを特徴とする白煙防止型冷却塔の運転方法。2. Detecting the inlet water temperature of the cooling tower, increasing the amount of air blow when the inlet water temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, and drying the air at the inlet air of the cooling tower when the inlet water temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature. The temperature and relative humidity are detected, and from the relationship between the preset dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and the inlet water temperature, and the white smoke generation limit of the cooling tower, the detected dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the inlet air are determined. when an inlet water temperature and humidity that the detected is equal to or less than the white smoke generating limit reduces the air blowing amount, the operation of the white smoke prevention type cooling tower, characterized in that to increase the blowing rate when it exceeds the white smoke generating limit Method.
温が所定の温度より高いときには送風量を増加させ、前
記入口水温が所定の温度より低いときには、冷却塔の入
口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度を検出し、あらかじめ設
定されている前記乾球温度，相対湿度及び送風量と、該
冷却塔の白煙発生限界との関係から、送風量を、前記検
出した入口空気の乾球温度及び相対湿度に対応する前記
白煙発生限界の送風量に調節することを特徴とする白煙
防止型冷却塔の運転方法。3. A cooling tower inlet temperature is detected, and when the inlet water temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the amount of air blown is increased. When the inlet water temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, a dry bulb of the cooling tower inlet air is increased. The temperature and relative humidity are detected, and the amount of air blown is determined from the relationship between the preset dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and airflow, and the white smoke generation limit of the cooling tower. white smoke and adjusting the air blowing amount of the white smoke generating limit corresponding to the temperature and relative humidity
How to operate the prevention type cooling tower.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27171992A JP3208685B2 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1992-10-09 | Operation method of white smoke prevention cooling tower |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27171992A JP3208685B2 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1992-10-09 | Operation method of white smoke prevention cooling tower |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06123591A JPH06123591A (en) | 1994-05-06 |
| JP3208685B2 true JP3208685B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 |
Family
ID=17503890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27171992A Expired - Fee Related JP3208685B2 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1992-10-09 | Operation method of white smoke prevention cooling tower |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3208685B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK2212640T3 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2014-10-06 | Prime Datum Inc | INTEGRATED COOL TOWER VENTILATOR SYSTEM AND METHOD |
| EP2276990B1 (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2019-04-03 | Prime Datum, Inc. | Integrated fan drive system forair-cooled heat exchanger (ache) |
| KR102250065B1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-05-10 | (주)와이엠테크 | Operation control method and operation control system of cooling tower capable of saving energy based on variation of air temperature, and cooling tower comprising the same |
-
1992
- 1992-10-09 JP JP27171992A patent/JP3208685B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06123591A (en) | 1994-05-06 |
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