JP3189707B2 - Method and apparatus for selecting tomato fruits - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for selecting tomato fruitsInfo
- Publication number
- JP3189707B2 JP3189707B2 JP27197096A JP27197096A JP3189707B2 JP 3189707 B2 JP3189707 B2 JP 3189707B2 JP 27197096 A JP27197096 A JP 27197096A JP 27197096 A JP27197096 A JP 27197096A JP 3189707 B2 JP3189707 B2 JP 3189707B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tomato
- resonance frequency
- vibration
- tomatoes
- harvesting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、トマトの栽培と流
通において、トマトの表面が所定の程度まで赤く色づく
までの日数を判定し、市場に栄養価が高く新鮮でおいし
いトマトを提供するためのトマトの選果方法および選果
装置に関する。The present invention relates to a method for determining the number of days until the surface of a tomato turns red to a predetermined degree in cultivation and distribution of tomato, to provide a fresh and delicious tomato with high nutritional value to a market. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for selecting tomato fruits.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】最高の食味を示すトマトは、収穫前にト
マトも表面全体が赤く完熟した樹上完熟果であり、それ
を採りたての品質のまま消費者の食卓に供給することが
最大の商品価値を持つと考えられる。しかし、従来、一
般的に市場に流通している大部分のトマトは、流通管理
などの問題から、完熟のやや手前で収穫して流通中に熟
度が進み、追完熟状態で供給されるように配慮されてい
る。具体的には、農家は、トマトの果頂部がピンク色に
色づき始めた状態を目視で判断して収穫し、流通過程に
おいて、最終の小売り段階でほぼ表面全体がピンク色あ
るいは赤色に近い状態になるように調整している。すな
わち、商品価値を高めるためには、表面全体が赤く色づ
いたトマトを消費者に供給できるように、収穫時期およ
び流通日数、貯蔵条件を調整することが重要であると言
える。2. Description of the Related Art Tomatoes exhibiting the best taste are ripe on the tree, the whole surface of which is red and ripe before harvesting. Product value. However, in the past, most of the tomatoes generally distributed on the market were harvested slightly before their ripeness and became more ripe during distribution due to problems such as distribution management, so that they were supplied in a fully-ripened state. Is considered. Specifically, the farmer visually judges the state where the tops of the tomatoes have started to turn pink and harvests them.In the distribution process, almost the entire surface is almost pink or red at the final retail stage. It has been adjusted to be. That is, in order to increase the commercial value, it can be said that it is important to adjust the harvest time, the number of days of distribution, and the storage conditions so that tomatoes whose entire surface is colored red can be supplied to consumers.
【０００３】これら流通過程における青果物の熟度を管
理する指標としては、従来から、青果物が熟すに従って
内部の生理変化によって軟らかくなることを利用して、
青果物の硬度を熟度指標に用いる研究が多くなされてい
る。その硬度測定には、非破壊法として、特開平７−２
７６８９号や特開平７−３５７３０号などの振動を用い
た方法が知られている。これは、青果物に振動を与えた
場合の共振周波数が、その青果物の弾性率、すなわち、
硬度と高い相関があることを利用している。[0003] Conventionally, as an index for managing the ripeness of fruits and vegetables in the distribution process, the fact that fruits become softer due to internal physiological changes as they mature is used.
Many studies have used the hardness of fruits and vegetables as a ripeness index. The hardness was measured by a non-destructive method as disclosed in
There are known methods using vibration, such as 7689 and JP-A-7-35730. This is because the resonance frequency of the fruits and vegetables when they are vibrated is the elastic modulus of the fruits and vegetables,
It utilizes that it has a high correlation with hardness.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、現状の
小売り段階で同じ梱包に入っているトマトでも赤色から
緑っぽいものまで含まれている場合が多々ある。すなわ
ち、小売りで販売されているトマトの色づき具合にバラ
ツキがあるという問題を有していた。これは、農家がト
マトの収穫時期を判断する基準が目視によるトマトの色
具合というあいまいな基準であること、さらに流通過程
も正確な判断基準に基づいて管理されていないためであ
り、この基準となりうる正確な指標を作成するための選
果方法および装置が要求されている。However, there are many cases where tomatoes contained in the same packaging at the current retail stage include red to greenish tomatoes. In other words, there is a problem that the coloring of tomatoes sold at retail varies. This is because the criteria by which farmers determine when to harvest tomatoes are ambiguous criteria, such as visual coloration of tomatoes, and the distribution process is not managed based on accurate criteria. There is a need for a fruit selection method and apparatus for creating accurate indicators that can be obtained.
【０００５】そこで、トマトを振動させた場合の共振周
波数を指標とすることが想定される。トマトの商品価値
を考えた場合は、ある貯蔵条件のもとでのこの共振周波
数とトマトの色の間の関係を調べ、トマトの表面が所定
の程度まで赤く色づく時期を予想できることが重要であ
る。しかしながら、大きさと形をそろえたトマトを追完
熟した場合に、それぞれのトマトの色と共振周波数の間
の相関は高いとは言えず、個々のトマトによって大きく
ばらついている。すなわち、トマトの共振周波数と色づ
き具合は必ずしも一致しない。Therefore, it is assumed that the resonance frequency when the tomato is vibrated is used as an index. When considering the commercial value of tomatoes, it is important to examine the relationship between this resonance frequency and the color of the tomato under certain storage conditions and to be able to predict when the surface of the tomato will turn red to a certain degree. . However, when the tomatoes of the same size and shape are ripe, the correlation between the color and the resonance frequency of each tomato is not high, and the tomatoes vary greatly from individual tomato. That is, the resonance frequency of the tomato does not always match the coloring.
【０００６】従来、果実が熟す過程において果実の表面
硬度が低くなっていくことより、硬度値を熟度指標に用
いていた。果実を振動させた時の共振周波数は、硬度と
高い相関を持っているので共振周波数を熟度指標とでき
ることも良く知られていた。しかしながら、トマトの場
合は、共振周波数と色づき具合の間に高い相関が見られ
ないことは、従来からの果実の硬度を利用した熟度指標
によってトマトの色づき具合を判定できないという問題
を有していた。Conventionally, the hardness value has been used as a ripeness index because the surface hardness of the fruit decreases as the fruit ripens. It has been well known that the resonance frequency when a fruit is vibrated has a high correlation with hardness, so that the resonance frequency can be used as an index of maturity. However, in the case of tomato, the fact that a high correlation is not found between the resonance frequency and the coloring degree has a problem that the coloring degree of the tomato cannot be determined by the conventional ripeness index using the hardness of the fruit. Was.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】この問題を解決するため
に本発明は、トマトの共振周波数を測定する時点を収穫
前或いは収穫後１２時間以内として、その共振周波数を
利用して、その後トマトの表面が所定の程度まで赤く色
づくまでの日数を判定するように構成したものである。In order to solve this problem, the present invention sets the time point at which the tomato resonance frequency is measured before harvesting or within 12 hours after harvesting and uses the resonance frequency, and then uses the resonance frequency. The number of days until the surface turns red to a predetermined degree is determined.
【０００８】これにより、流通における各種条件を想定
した最適なトマトの収穫時期を判断でき、さらに最適な
流通管理も可能となる。[0008] Thereby, it is possible to determine the optimal tomato harvest time assuming various conditions in distribution, and it is also possible to perform optimal distribution management.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の請求項１に記載の発明
は、収穫前或いは収穫後１２時間以内のトマトの共振周
波数と、その後のある栽培や流通条件下においてそのト
マトの表面が所定の程度まで赤く色づくまでの日数の関
係を利用して、収穫前或いは収穫後１２時間以内のトマ
トの共振周波数から、そのトマトの表面が所定の程度ま
で赤く色づくまでの日数を判定することを特徴とするも
のであり、振動を利用したトマトの共振周波数測定か
ら、非破壊にてトマトが赤く色づくまでの日数を推定す
ることができるという作用を有する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the resonance frequency of the tomato before or within 12 hours after the harvesting and the surface of the tomato under a certain cultivation or distribution condition after that have a predetermined surface. Utilizing the relationship of the number of days until it turns red to the extent, from the resonance frequency of the tomato before or within 12 hours after the harvest, the number of days until the surface of the tomato turns red to a predetermined extent is determined. This has the effect that the number of days until the tomato turns red in a nondestructive manner can be estimated from the resonance frequency measurement of the tomato using vibration.
【００１０】請求項２に記載の発明は、収穫前或いは収
穫後１２時間以内のトマトの局所に振動を与える加振手
段と、その加振によって振動したトマトの他の局所の振
動を測定する振動検出手段と、前記トマトの他の局所振
動に基づいて共振周波数を演算する手段と、予め作成し
ていた関係式を用いて共振周波数からそのトマトの表面
が赤く色づくまでの日数を判定する手段と、その日数か
らトマトの選別を行う手段、を備えることを特徴とする
ものであり、振動を利用したトマトの共振周波数測定か
ら、非破壊にてトマトが赤く色づくまでの日数を推定す
ることができるという作用を有する。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vibrating means for applying a vibration to a local portion of a tomato before or within 12 hours after the harvest, and a vibration for measuring other local vibrations of the tomato vibrated by the vibration. Detecting means, means for calculating a resonance frequency based on the other local vibrations of the tomato, and means for determining the number of days until the surface of the tomato turns red from the resonance frequency using a relational expression created in advance. Means for selecting tomatoes from the number of days, from the resonance frequency measurement of the tomato using vibration, it is possible to estimate the number of days until the tomato turns red in a non-destructive manner It has the action of:
【００１１】請求項３に記載の発明は、トマトに与える
振動周波数には、２００Ｈｚから８００Ｈｚの間を用い
ることを特徴とするものであり、この周波数範囲に現れ
る共振周波数が正確に色づき具合を予想するのに適して
いるという作用を有する。The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the vibration frequency applied to the tomato is in the range of 200 Hz to 800 Hz, and the resonance frequency appearing in this frequency range is expected to accurately color. It has the effect of being suitable for
【００１２】（実施の形態）以下に、本発明の請求項
１、請求項２及び請求項３に記載された発明の実施の形
態について、図１、図２、図３を用いて説明する。(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention described in claims 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG.
【００１３】図１は本発明を実施する上での機能構成図
の１つの例を示したもので、図１において、１は測定す
べきトマトであり、収穫後１２時間以内のものである。
２はトマト１に振動を与える加振機、３はトマト１に与
えた振動の大きさを計る加速度センサ、４はトマト１の
上部の振動の大きさを計るレーザドップラー振動計であ
る。この機器構成は、加振機２で与えたトマト１の振動
を、非接触にレーザドップラー振動計４で計るところに
特徴を持った１つの例であり、基本的には加振部、振動
計測部、信号処理部からなっているために、それぞれに
対応した別の構成を利用できる。FIG. 1 shows an example of a functional configuration diagram for carrying out the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a tomato to be measured, which is within 12 hours after harvest.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a vibrator that applies vibration to the tomato 1, reference numeral 3 denotes an acceleration sensor that measures the magnitude of the vibration applied to the tomato 1, and reference numeral 4 denotes a laser Doppler vibrometer that measures the magnitude of the vibration above the tomato 1. This device configuration is an example in which the vibration of the tomato 1 given by the vibrator 2 is measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer 4 in a non-contact manner. And a signal processing unit, different configurations corresponding to each unit can be used.
【００１４】以上のように構成されたトマトの選果装置
について、以下にその動作を説明する。まず、トマト１
を加振機２上に置く。周波数に対して振動の加速度がほ
ぼ一定になるように制御しながら、予め設定された振動
信号に従い、トマト１に２００Ｈｚから８００Ｈｚの正
弦波振動を順次与える。トマト１に与えた振動の加速度
は加速度センサ３によって正確に測定し、トマト１に入
力した振動加速度のフーリエスペクトルを計算する。こ
の場合、振動信号としては加速度の他に力やそれらを変
換した速度、変位でもよい。一方、トマトの加振部と反
対側の上部面の振動の速度をレーザドップラー振動計４
を利用して非接触に測定する。これを時間で微分するこ
とにより加速度信号に変換してから、トマトから出力さ
れた振動加速度のフーリエスペクトルを計算する。この
場合も、振動信号としては加速度の他にそれらを変換し
た速度、変位、力でもよい。これら入出力間の振動加速
度のフーリエスペクトルから周波数応答関数のゲイン特
性を計算し、通常のピーク検出アルゴリズムを用いて、
トマトの共振周波数を測定する。この共振周波数から、
予めソフトウェア上に設定してあった検量線を用いてト
マトの表面が所定の程度まで赤く色づくまでの日数を判
定する。この日数値を用いて選別機を制御し、トマトを
日数別に梱包する。以上の例では、トマトを加振する場
合の入力振動に正弦波を用いたが、パルス波やバースト
波、ランダム波を用いてもよい。これらを用いた場合
は、高速フーリエ変換を利用した高速測定が可能であ
る。The operation of the thus-configured tomato sorting apparatus will be described below. First, tomato 1
Is placed on the shaker 2. A sine wave vibration of 200 Hz to 800 Hz is sequentially applied to the tomato 1 in accordance with a preset vibration signal while controlling the acceleration of the vibration to be substantially constant with respect to the frequency. The acceleration of the vibration applied to the tomato 1 is accurately measured by the acceleration sensor 3, and the Fourier spectrum of the vibration acceleration input to the tomato 1 is calculated. In this case, the vibration signal may be a force or a speed or displacement obtained by converting the force in addition to the acceleration. On the other hand, the speed of vibration of the upper surface opposite to the vibrating part of the tomato was measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer 4.
Non-contact measurement using. This is converted into an acceleration signal by differentiating it with time, and then the Fourier spectrum of the vibration acceleration output from the tomato is calculated. Also in this case, as the vibration signal, in addition to the acceleration, the speed, displacement, and force obtained by converting them may be used. The gain characteristic of the frequency response function is calculated from the Fourier spectrum of the vibration acceleration between these input and output, and using a normal peak detection algorithm,
Measure the resonance frequency of the tomato. From this resonance frequency,
The number of days until the surface of the tomato turns red to a predetermined degree is determined using a calibration curve set in advance on the software. The sorter is controlled by using the number of days, and the tomatoes are packed according to the number of days. In the above example, a sine wave is used as the input vibration when exciting the tomato, but a pulse wave, a burst wave, or a random wave may be used. When these are used, high-speed measurement using fast Fourier transform is possible.
【００１５】以上の構成によって測定した収穫時に熟度
が異なる4 つのトマトの、収穫時の色と収穫後３から５
時間以内に測定した共振周波数、表面全体が赤く色づい
たときの共振周波数を図２に示す。トマトの品種には桃
太郎を用いている。収穫時の色を観点に、トマトｄから
トマトａの順に、熟度が進んだものを採取した。収穫直
後の共振周波数を見れば、トマトｄからトマトａの順に
共振周波数は減少しており、この順に軟らかくなってい
ることを示している。しかしながら、これらのトマトを
大気雰囲気１５℃にて貯蔵した後、それぞれのトマトの
表面全体が赤く色づいたときの共振周波数は、各トマト
によって大きくばらついている。これは、収穫時のトマ
トの熟し具合によって、収穫後のトマトの追熟過程にお
ける共振周波数（硬度）と色づき具合は個々のトマトに
よって異なることを示している。すなわち、収穫時の熟
度測定がいかに重要であるかを示している。[0015] The color of the four tomatoes having different ripeness at the time of harvesting measured according to the above configuration and the color of the three tomatoes after the harvest are 3 to 5
FIG. 2 shows the resonance frequency measured within the time, and the resonance frequency when the entire surface turns red. Momotaro is used as a tomato variety. From the viewpoint of the color at the time of harvest, tomatoes d to tomato a were collected in order of maturity. Looking at the resonance frequency immediately after harvesting, the resonance frequency decreases in the order of tomato d to tomato a, indicating that it has become softer in this order. However, when these tomatoes are stored at 15 ° C. in the atmosphere, the resonance frequency when the entire surface of each tomato turns red varies greatly among the tomatoes. This indicates that the resonance frequency (hardness) and the coloring of the tomatoes in the ripening process of the tomatoes after the harvest differ depending on the tomatoes at the time of the harvest. In other words, it shows how important the measurement of ripeness at harvest is.
【００１６】そこで、収穫直後の共振周波数とその後そ
れぞれのトマトの表面全体が赤く色づくまでに要した日
数の関係を示したものが図３である。共振周波数と赤く
色づくまでの日数は、ほとんど直線関係を示し、収穫前
後の共振周波数を測定すれば、商品価値の高い赤く色づ
くまでの日数を推定できることがわかる。FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the resonance frequency immediately after harvesting and the number of days required until the entire surface of each tomato turns red. The resonance frequency and the number of days until red coloring show almost a linear relationship, and it can be seen that measuring the resonance frequency before and after harvesting can estimate the number of days until red coloring with high commercial value.
【００１７】なお、一般的にトマトの場合は、その硬度
によって周波数が異なるが、８０、５００、７００Ｈｚ
付近を中心とした３つの共振が現れる。選果に利用する
周波数帯としては、８０Ｈｚ付近の共振点は加振機上へ
のトマトの置き方による依存性が強く、７００Ｈｚ付近
は明確なピークが現れないことから、５００Ｈｚ付近を
中心とした２００Ｈｚから８００Ｈｚの周波数範囲を測
定することが適している。図２と図３もこの周波数帯の
共振ピークのデータである。In general, in the case of tomato, the frequency varies depending on its hardness, but is 80, 500, 700 Hz.
Three resonances around the vicinity appear. As the frequency band used for fruit selection, the resonance point around 80 Hz is strongly dependent on the placement of the tomato on the shaker, and a clear peak does not appear around 700 Hz. It is suitable to measure in the frequency range from 200 Hz to 800 Hz. FIGS. 2 and 3 also show the data of the resonance peak in this frequency band.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明は、収穫前或いは
収穫後１２時間以内のトマトに振動を与え、そのトマト
の共振周波数を測定することにより、その後そのトマト
の表面が所定の程度まで赤く色づくまでの日数を推定す
ることができ、高速かつオンライン化が可能な優れたト
マトの選別装置を実現できるものである。As described above, according to the present invention, the tomato is vibrated before harvesting or within 12 hours after the harvest, and the resonance frequency of the tomato is measured. It is possible to estimate the number of days until it turns red, and to realize an excellent tomato sorting apparatus that can be made online at high speed.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態におけるトマト選別装置の
機能構成図FIG. 1 is a functional configuration diagram of a tomato sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態におけるトマトの収穫時の
色とそのトマトの収穫直後の共振周波数とそのトマトの
表面全体が赤く色づいた時の共振周波数の関係を示した
図FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a color at the time of harvesting a tomato, a resonance frequency immediately after the harvesting of the tomato, and a resonance frequency when the entire surface of the tomato is colored red in the embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施の形態における収穫時の熟度が異
なるトマトの収穫直後の共振周波数とそのトマトの表面
全体が赤く色づくまでの日数の関係を示した図FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the resonance frequency immediately after harvest of tomatoes having different maturities at harvest and the number of days until the entire surface of the tomato turns red in the embodiment of the present invention.
１ トマト ２ 加振機 ３ 加速度センサ ４ レーザドップラー振動計 Reference Signs List 1 tomato 2 shaker 3 acceleration sensor 4 laser Doppler vibrometer
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01N 29/00 - 29/28 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) G01N 29/00-29/28
Claims (3)
トの共振周波数と、その後の栽培や流通条件下において
そのトマトの表面が所定の程度まで赤く色づくまでの日
数の関係を利用して、収穫前或いは収穫後１２時間以内
のトマトの共振周波数から、そのトマトの表面が所定の
程度まで赤く色づくまでの日数を判定することを特徴と
するトマトの選果方法。1. Harvesting using the relationship between the resonance frequency of tomatoes before or within 12 hours after harvesting and the number of days until the surface of the tomatoes turns red to a predetermined degree under cultivation and distribution conditions thereafter. A tomato sorting method characterized by determining the number of days until the surface of the tomato turns red to a predetermined degree from the resonance frequency of the tomato before or within 12 hours after harvest.
トの局所に振動を与える加振手段と、その加振によって
振動したトマトの他の局所の振動を測定する振動検出手
段と、前記トマトの他の局所振動に基づいて共振周波数
を演算する手段と、予め作成していた関係式を用いて共
振周波数からそのトマトの表面が赤く色づくまでの日数
を判定する手段と、その日数からトマトの選別を行う手
段を備えることを特徴とするトマトの選果装置。2. Vibration means for applying vibration to a local portion of a tomato before harvesting or within 12 hours after harvesting, vibration detecting means for measuring other local vibrations of the tomato vibrated by the vibration, Means for calculating the resonance frequency based on other local vibrations, means for determining the number of days until the surface of the tomato turns red from the resonance frequency using a relational expression created in advance, and selection of tomatoes from the number of days A tomato sorting apparatus, comprising:
Ｈｚから８００Ｈｚの間を用いることを特徴とする請求
項２記載のトマトの選果装置。3. The vibration frequency given to the tomato is 200
3. The tomato sorting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the frequency is between 800 Hz and 800 Hz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27197096A JP3189707B2 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Method and apparatus for selecting tomato fruits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27197096A JP3189707B2 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Method and apparatus for selecting tomato fruits |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10115603A JPH10115603A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
| JP3189707B2 true JP3189707B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 |
Family
ID=17507352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27197096A Expired - Fee Related JP3189707B2 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1996-10-15 | Method and apparatus for selecting tomato fruits |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3189707B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106443066B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-08-27 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device and method |
| JP7017720B2 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-02-09 | 株式会社ロジパック | Fruit and vegetable ripeness measuring device |
-
1996
- 1996-10-15 JP JP27197096A patent/JP3189707B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10115603A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
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