JP3182056U - Sand surface fluctuation measuring device - Google Patents

Sand surface fluctuation measuring device Download PDF

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JP3182056U
JP3182056U JP2012007718U JP2012007718U JP3182056U JP 3182056 U JP3182056 U JP 3182056U JP 2012007718 U JP2012007718 U JP 2012007718U JP 2012007718 U JP2012007718 U JP 2012007718U JP 3182056 U JP3182056 U JP 3182056U
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勝英 横山
健一郎 西林
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Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Abstract

【課題】光路に砂などが詰まることによる河床面測定データの欠測を無くし、また、時々刻々変化する河床面直上の流砂量を測量する砂面変動測定装置を提供する。
【解決手段】基材7と複数の散乱光計測ユニットからなる砂面変動測定装置1である。散乱光計測ユニットは、光源、出射部12a、12b、12e等、入射部13a、13b、13e等と光量計からなる。該出射部は基材7の側面に開口し、該入射部は基材7の側面に開口している。光源からの光を該出射部から出射し、基材を取り囲む環境に存在する砂粒により散乱される散乱光を該入射部で受光し、受光した光の光量を光量計で計測し、環境中の砂粒量を計測する。
【選択図】図1
The present invention provides a sand surface fluctuation measuring device that eliminates missing measurement of river bed surface measurement data due to clogging with sand or the like in an optical path, and measures the amount of sand flow immediately above the river bed surface that changes every moment.
A sand surface fluctuation measuring device 1 includes a base material 7 and a plurality of scattered light measuring units. The scattered light measurement unit includes a light source, emission portions 12a, 12b, and 12e, incident portions 13a, 13b, and 13e, and a light meter. The emitting portion opens on the side surface of the base material 7, and the incident portion opens on the side surface of the base material 7. The light from the light source is emitted from the emission part, the scattered light scattered by the sand particles existing in the environment surrounding the substrate is received by the incident part, the light quantity of the received light is measured with a light meter, Measure the amount of sand particles.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本考案は、河底、海底、湖底等の床面(以下河床と称する)の高さ(位置)と河水、海水、湖水等(以下河川水と称する)の浮遊砂量を測定する砂面変動測定装置に関し、特に、後方散乱光計測方式を用いる砂面変動測定装置に関するものである。   The present invention is a sand surface fluctuation measurement that measures the height (position) of the floor surface (hereinafter referred to as river bed) of riverbed, seabed, lake bottom, etc. and the amount of floating sand in river water, seawater, lake water (hereinafter referred to as river water). More particularly, the present invention relates to a sand surface fluctuation measuring device using a backscattered light measuring method.

出水時の河床高さの時系列での変動把握は、河道管理計画、流下能力の適正な評価などの観点から重要である。   Understanding changes in river bed height in time series at the time of flooding is important from the viewpoints of river channel management plan and appropriate evaluation of flow capacity.

従来、土砂の堆積観測に用いられる光電式砂面計(例えば特許文献1参照)が知られている。この光電式砂面計は河床に垂直に挿入する棒状のセンサー部を有し、このセンサー部の中心線に平行し、かつ互いに対向するように同一方向に突出した2本の突堤を設けている。   Conventionally, a photoelectric sand level meter (see, for example, Patent Document 1) used for observation of sediment accumulation has been known. This photoelectric sand level meter has a rod-shaped sensor part that is inserted perpendicularly to the river bed, and is provided with two jetties that are parallel to the center line of the sensor part and project in the same direction so as to face each other. .

そして、一方の突堤部に設けた発光器と他方の突堤部に設けた受光器から成るセンサーペアを上記センサー部に均等間隔に複数個設けている。この光電式砂面計のセンサー部を河床に挿入しておくと、河床を形成する砂面の上下に従ってセンサーペアの光軸が、砂面下では遮られ、砂面より上では開放される。このため複数の(センサーペアの)受光器の出力は発生と停止の状態となる。発生、停止状態の受光器の位置から測定時の砂面位置を知ることができる。   A plurality of sensor pairs each including a light emitter provided on one jetty and a light receiver provided on the other jetty are provided at equal intervals in the sensor unit. When the sensor part of this photoelectric sand level gauge is inserted into the river bed, the optical axis of the sensor pair is blocked below the sand surface and opened above the sand surface along the top and bottom of the sand surface forming the river bed. For this reason, the output of a plurality of light receivers (of the sensor pair) is in a state of generation and stop. The position of the sand surface at the time of measurement can be known from the position of the light receiving device in the generated or stopped state.

しかし、上記した従来の光電式砂面計は、一対のセンサーペア間の光路に砂粒などが詰まると正常な動作が不能となる。   However, the conventional photoelectric sand level meter described above cannot operate normally when sand particles or the like are clogged in the optical path between the pair of sensors.

また、河床高さの変動は掃流砂、浮遊砂などの流砂により生じる。流砂懸濁水の濁度を計測して流砂量を観測できると考えられる。そして、河床面の変動を把握するには河床面の直上を移動する掃流砂の観測がより好ましいと考えられる。しかし、時々刻々変化する河床面から一定距離掃流砂用の観測点は必然的に時々刻々その位置が変化するから、当該観測点での濁度観測は容易でない。   In addition, riverbed height fluctuations are caused by sand flow such as sweeping sand and floating sand. It is thought that the amount of sediment can be observed by measuring the turbidity of suspended sediment. In order to grasp the fluctuation of the riverbed surface, it is considered more preferable to observe the sweeping sand moving directly above the riverbed surface. However, observing turbidity at the observation point is not easy because the observation point for the constant distance scavenging sand from the riverbed surface that changes from time to time inevitably changes from time to time.

実公平03−4895号公報No. 03-4895

本考案はセンサーペアの光路に砂などが詰まることによる河床面測定データの欠測を無くした砂面変動測定装置を得ることを課題とする。また本考案は時々刻々変化する河床面直上の流砂量を測量する砂面変動測定装置を得ることを課題とする。   It is an object of the present invention to obtain a sand surface fluctuation measuring device that eliminates missing data of river bed surface measurement data due to sand clogging in the optical path of a sensor pair. Another object of the present invention is to obtain a sand surface fluctuation measuring device for measuring the amount of sand flow just above the riverbed which changes every moment.

以下に課題を解決するための手段を述べる。理解を容易にするために、本考案の実施態様に対応する符号を付けて説明するが、本考案は当該実施態様に限定されるものではない。また、符号である数字は部品などを集合的に示すものであり、後に説明する実施例において個別の部品などを示す場合に、当該数字のあとにアルファベットの添字を付けているものがある。   Means for solving the problems will be described below. For ease of understanding, description will be made with reference numerals corresponding to the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Also, numerals as symbols collectively indicate parts and the like, and in the embodiments described later, when indicating individual parts and the like, there are those in which alphabetic suffixes are added after the numbers.

本考案にかかる砂面変動測定装置は、
砂面変動測定装置(1)において、
柱形状の基材(7)と複数の散乱光計測ユニット(6)からなり、
前記散乱光計測ユニットは、光源(11)、出射部(12)、入射部(13)と光量計(14)からなり、前記出射部は前記基材の側面に開口し、前記入射部は前記基材の側面に開口し、
前記光源からの光を前記出射部から出射し、前記基材を取り囲む環境に存在する砂粒により散乱される散乱光を前記入射部で受光し、前記受光した光の光量を光量計で計測し、前記環境中の砂粒量を計測する。
The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to the present invention is
In the sand surface fluctuation measuring device (1),
It consists of a columnar substrate (7) and multiple scattered light measurement units (6).
The scattered light measurement unit is composed of a light source (11), an emission part (12), an incident part (13) and a photometer (14), the emission part is opened on a side surface of the substrate, and the incident part is Open on the side of the substrate,
The light from the light source is emitted from the emission part, scattered light scattered by sand particles present in the environment surrounding the base material is received by the incident part, and the light quantity of the received light is measured with a photometer, The amount of sand particles in the environment is measured.

本考案の好ましい実施態様にかかる砂面変動測定装置は、
単一の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる前記出射部と前記入射部について、前記出射部と前記入射部が隣接していて前記出射部の輪郭線と前記入射部の輪郭線が一部一致する状態にあってもよい。
The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is:
About the said emission part and said incident part concerning the said single scattered light measurement unit, the said emission part and the said incident part are adjacent, and the outline of the said emission part and the outline of the said incident part partially correspond May be.

本考案の他の好ましい実施態様にかかる砂面変動測定装置は、
前記散乱光計測ユニットが出射光ファイバー(21)と散乱光ファイバー(31)を有し、
前記出射光ファイバーの一方端部は入光端(22)であり、他方端部は出射端(23)であり、前記出射光ファイバーは前記光源からの光を前記入光端から入光して前記出射端から出射し、前記出射部(12)は前記出射端(23)であり、
前記散乱光ファイバー(31)の一方端部は入射端(32)であり、他方端部は検知端(33)であり、前記散乱光ファイバーは前記入射端に入射した光を前記検知端から前記光量計に出光し、前記入射部(13)は前記入射端(32)であってもよい。
The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention is:
The scattered light measurement unit has an outgoing optical fiber (21) and a scattered optical fiber (31),
One end of the outgoing optical fiber is a light incident end (22), the other end is an outgoing end (23), and the outgoing optical fiber receives light from the light source from the light incident end and emits the light. Exiting from the end, the exit part (12) is the exit end (23),
One end of the scattering optical fiber (31) is an incident end (32), the other end is a detection end (33), and the scattering optical fiber transmits light incident on the incident end from the detection end to the light meter. The incident portion (13) may be the incident end (32).

本考案のその他の好ましい実施態様にかかる砂面変動測定装置は、
前記出射部が円形状であり、前記出射部の直径をDoとして、Doは1.0mm以上3.0mm以下であり、前記入射部が円形状であり、前記入射部の直径をDiとして、Diは1.0mm以上3.0mm以下であってもよく、また、複数の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる複数の前記入射部が前記基材の長手方向に均等間隔に配置されていてもよい。
The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention is:
The emission part is circular, the diameter of the emission part is Do, Do is 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, the incident part is circular, and the diameter of the incident part is Di. 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less may be sufficient, and the said several incident part concerning several said scattered light measurement units may be arrange | positioned at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the said base material.

本考案の好ましい実施態様にかかるその他の砂面変動測定装置は、
複数の前記散乱光測定ユニットにかかる前記光源が単一の光源であってもよく、また、
複数の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる複数の前記光源はその発光波長スペクトルの極大値が波長620nm以上630nm以下であるLEDであってもよい。
Other sand level fluctuation measuring devices according to preferred embodiments of the present invention are:
The light source applied to a plurality of the scattered light measurement units may be a single light source,
The plurality of light sources applied to the plurality of scattered light measurement units may be LEDs having a maximum value of an emission wavelength spectrum of a wavelength of 620 nm or more and 630 nm or less.

以上説明した本考案、本考案の好ましい実施態様、これらに含まれる構成要素は可能な限り組み合わせて実施することができる。   The present invention described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the components included in these can be implemented in combination as much as possible.

本考案にかかる砂面変動測定装置は、その他の考案を特定する事項に加えて、複数の散乱光計測ユニットを有していて、出射部と入射部が共に基材の側面に開口しているから、光路砂詰まりによる観測値欠測が生じない。また、流砂堆積により河床が上昇した場合は、それまで河床よりも長距離離れていた散乱光計測ユニットが新たに河床直上の掃流砂観測用の散乱光計測ユニットとなる。一方河床が掘削により下降した場合は、それまで河床下に埋没していた散乱光測量ユニットが河床直上に出現して掃流砂観測用の散乱光計測ユニットとなる。このようにして、河床が変化しても、河床鉛直距離に応じた濁度(砂量)分布観測が可能となる。   The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to the present invention has a plurality of scattered light measurement units in addition to the matters specifying other devices, and both the emitting part and the incident part are open on the side surface of the substrate. Therefore, there is no missing observation due to light path clogging. In addition, when the river bed rises due to sedimentation, the scattered light measurement unit that has been far away from the river bed until then becomes a new scattered light measurement unit for observation of the swept sand directly above the river bed. On the other hand, when the riverbed descends due to excavation, the scattered light survey unit that had been buried under the riverbed will appear just above the riverbed and become the scattered light measurement unit for the observation of drifting sand. In this way, even if the riverbed changes, turbidity (sand content) distribution observation according to the riverbed vertical distance becomes possible.

さらに、光源を備えた自発光式の散乱光計測であるため、水面からの距離が長い深部での観測が可能であり、同様に夜間の観測も可能である。また大型の構造物を使用しないので、砂面変動測定装置の設置点周辺の洗掘を抑制できる利点も有する。   Furthermore, since it is a self-luminous scattered light measurement provided with a light source, it can be observed at a deep part with a long distance from the water surface, and can also be observed at night. In addition, since a large structure is not used, there is an advantage that scouring around the installation point of the sand surface fluctuation measuring device can be suppressed.

図1は本考案にかかる砂面変動測定装置の外観図である。FIG. 1 is an external view of a sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus according to the present invention. 図2は散乱光計測ユニットの説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the scattered light measurement unit.

以下、図面を参照して本考案の実施例にかかる砂面変動測定装置をさらに説明する。本明細書において参照する各図は、本考案の理解を容易にするため、一部の構成要素を誇張して表現するなど模式的に表しているものがある。このため、構成要素間の寸法や比率などは実物と異なっている場合がある。本考案の実施例に記載した部材や部分の寸法、材質、形状、その相対位置などは、とくに特定的な記載のない限りは、この考案の範囲をそれらのみに限定する趣旨のものではなく、単なる説明例にすぎない。   Hereinafter, a sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to in the present specification, some components are schematically shown in an exaggerated manner to facilitate understanding of the present invention. For this reason, the dimension, ratio, etc. between components may differ from a real thing. The dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, etc. of the members and parts described in the embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to those unless otherwise specified. It is just an illustrative example.

図1は砂面変動測定装置1の外観図である。砂面変動測定装置1は柱形状の基材7と基材7の上端に付された制御部9から構成され、複数の散乱光計測ユニット6を有している。散乱光計測ユニット6は光源、出射部、入射部と光量計からなる。   FIG. 1 is an external view of a sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus 1. The sand surface fluctuation measuring device 1 includes a columnar base material 7 and a control unit 9 attached to the upper end of the base material 7, and has a plurality of scattered light measurement units 6. The scattered light measuring unit 6 includes a light source, an emitting part, an incident part and a light meter.

図1に図示した砂面変動測定装置1は5個の散乱光計測ユニットを有していて、当該ユニットにかかる5個の出射部12a、12b、−−12eを有している。出射部12は光源からの光を砂面変動測定装置1の外部に出射する。図1に光源は図示していない。   The sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 has five scattered light measuring units, and has five emitting portions 12a, 12b, and −12e related to the units. The emitting unit 12 emits light from the light source to the outside of the sand surface fluctuation measuring device 1. The light source is not shown in FIG.

また、砂面変動測定装置1は、5個の散乱光計測ユニットにかかる5個の入射部13a、13b、−−13eを有している。入射部13は外部からの光を受光するものである。当該受光した光は光量計に受け渡される。図1に光量計は図示していない。   Moreover, the sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus 1 has five incident portions 13a, 13b, and --13e for five scattered light measurement units. The incident part 13 receives light from the outside. The received light is delivered to the light meter. The light meter is not shown in FIG.

出射部と入射部は円形であることが好ましいが、楕円形、正方形、正六角形等の正多角形、多角形、不定形等であってもよい。   The emission part and the incident part are preferably circular, but may be an elliptical, square, regular polygon such as a regular hexagon, a polygon, an indeterminate form, or the like.

単一の散乱光計測ユニットにかかる出射部と入射部(例えば出射部12aと入射部13a、又は出射部12bと入射部13b)は近接して設ける。より広範囲からの散乱光を測定できるからである。好ましい近接状態は出射部12aと入射部12bが隣接している状態である。すなわち、出射部12aと入射部12bのいずれかが円形であれば、出射部12aの輪郭線と入射部12bの輪郭線が一点で一致する状態である。また、出射部12aと入射部12bが両者共に円形以外の形状であれば、出射部12aの輪郭線と入射部12bの輪郭線が一部一致する状態である。   The emitting part and the incident part (for example, the emitting part 12a and the incident part 13a, or the emitting part 12b and the incident part 13b) for a single scattered light measurement unit are provided close to each other. This is because scattered light from a wider range can be measured. A preferable proximity state is a state where the emitting portion 12a and the incident portion 12b are adjacent to each other. That is, if either of the emission part 12a and the incident part 12b is circular, the outline of the emission part 12a and the outline of the incident part 12b are in a state of being coincident at one point. In addition, if both the emitting part 12a and the incident part 12b have shapes other than a circle, the outline of the emitting part 12a and the outline of the incident part 12b are partially in agreement.

散乱光計測ユニットは河川水の濁度を測定するものである。すなわち河川水に光を照射し、河川水に懸濁している砂微粒子により散乱される光を測定する。一定の標準となる微粒子を懸濁した溶液を作成して散乱光を測定して検量線を作成し、その後実際の河川水を測定すれば、河川水中の浮遊砂量を測定できる。   The scattered light measurement unit measures the turbidity of river water. That is, light is irradiated to river water and light scattered by fine sand particles suspended in river water is measured. The amount of suspended sand in the river water can be measured by creating a calibration curve by creating a solution in which fine particles are suspended as a standard, measuring the scattered light, and then measuring the actual river water.

基材7は柱形状であり、円柱、多角柱(三角柱、四角柱等)の形状にすればよい。河川水の流れを妨害しないことから円柱が好ましい。なお、円柱形状にした場合、基材の側面は回転軸に平行な曲面である。   The base material 7 has a column shape, and may be in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonal column (triangular column, square column, etc.). A cylinder is preferred because it does not interfere with the flow of river water. In addition, when it is made cylindrical shape, the side surface of a base material is a curved surface parallel to a rotating shaft.

基材7の上端に制御部9を形成してもよい。制御部9は光源、光量計等の電源、光量計の制御回路、観測値のメモリー、観測値等の外部への出力装置等を収納する筐体にすることができる。基材7の先端8を細くして尖らせてもよい。砂面変動測定装置1を河床2に埋め込んで立設が容易となる。   The control unit 9 may be formed on the upper end of the base material 7. The control unit 9 can be a housing that houses a light source, a power source such as a light meter, a control circuit for the light meter, a memory for observation values, a device for outputting observation values to the outside, and the like. The tip 8 of the substrate 7 may be made thin and sharp. The sand surface fluctuation measuring device 1 is embedded in the river bed 2 to facilitate standing.

基材7と制御部9の材料は特に制限なく、公知の材料を使用できる。材料を例示すれば、ステンレススチールやアルミニウム等の金属、合成樹脂、繊維強化合成樹脂、木材等である。   The material of the base material 7 and the control unit 9 is not particularly limited, and known materials can be used. Examples of materials include metals such as stainless steel and aluminum, synthetic resins, fiber reinforced synthetic resins, and wood.

図2は散乱光計測ユニット6の説明図である。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the scattered light measurement unit 6.

散乱光計測ユニット6は光ファイバーである出射光ファイバー21と同じく光ファイバーである散乱光ファイバー31を含んでいる。   The scattered light measurement unit 6 includes a scattered optical fiber 31 that is an optical fiber as well as an outgoing optical fiber 21 that is an optical fiber.

出射光ファイバー21の一方端部は入光端22であり、他方端部は出射端23である。入光端22は光源11と対面している。出射光ファイバー21は入光端22から光を取り入れて出射端23から出光する。出射光ファイバー21の出射端23は、すなわち上述の出射部12である。   One end of the outgoing optical fiber 21 is a light incident end 22, and the other end is an outgoing end 23. The light incident end 22 faces the light source 11. The outgoing optical fiber 21 takes in light from the light incident end 22 and emits light from the outgoing end 23. The exit end 23 of the exit optical fiber 21 is the exit section 12 described above.

散乱光ファイバー31の一方端部は入射端32であり、他方端部は検知端33である。検知端33は光量計14と対面している。散乱光ファイバー31は入射端32に入射した光を伝送し、検知端33から出光する。散乱光ファイバー31の入射端32は、すなわち上述の入射部13である。   One end of the scattering optical fiber 31 is an incident end 32, and the other end is a detection end 33. The detection end 33 faces the light meter 14. The scattering optical fiber 31 transmits the light incident on the incident end 32 and exits from the detection end 33. The incident end 32 of the scattering optical fiber 31 is the aforementioned incident part 13.

本実施例にあって、出射端23と入射端32は基材7の側面に配置されていて、入光端22と検知端33は制御部9内に配置されている。このように出射光ファイバー21と散乱光ファイバー31を使用することにより、光源11と光量計14の配置位置の自由度が高まる。同様に出射部12(すなわち出射端23)と入射部13(すなわち入射端32)を、基材7に密に配置することができ、砂面変動測定装置1の河床高における測定分解能を高めることができる。   In this embodiment, the emission end 23 and the incident end 32 are arranged on the side surface of the base material 7, and the light incident end 22 and the detection end 33 are arranged in the control unit 9. By using the outgoing optical fiber 21 and the scattering optical fiber 31 in this way, the degree of freedom of the arrangement positions of the light source 11 and the light quantity meter 14 is increased. Similarly, the emission part 12 (that is, the emission end 23) and the incident part 13 (that is, the incidence end 32) can be densely arranged on the base material 7, and the measurement resolution at the riverbed height of the sand level fluctuation measuring device 1 is increased. Can do.

光量計14は例えばフォトダイオードを使用すればよい。散乱光ファイバーを用いる場合にはフォトダイオードアレイを使用することもできる。フォトダイオードアレイを使用すれば、砂面変動測定装置のより一層の小型化、低廉化を図ることができる。   The photometer 14 may use a photodiode, for example. When a scattering optical fiber is used, a photodiode array can also be used. If the photodiode array is used, it is possible to further reduce the size and cost of the sand surface fluctuation measuring device.

光源11は特に制限なく、光学測定機器の分野で公知の光源を用いることができる。これらの中でLEDを用いることが好ましい。小さな電力量で動作し発光光量が大である点で、無人の観測装置に相応しいからである。   The light source 11 is not particularly limited, and a light source known in the field of optical measurement equipment can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use an LED. This is because it is suitable for an unmanned observation device because it operates with a small amount of power and emits a large amount of light.

LEDの中では赤色LEDが特に好ましい。赤色LEDは発光波長スペクトルの極大値が620nm以上630nm以下であるLEDを意味している。出射光を視認することができ、砂面変動測定装置1の動作を確認できるからである。   Of the LEDs, red LEDs are particularly preferred. The red LED means an LED having a maximum emission wavelength spectrum of 620 nm or more and 630 nm or less. This is because the emitted light can be visually recognized and the operation of the sand surface fluctuation measuring device 1 can be confirmed.

光源1を複数の散乱光計測ユニットについて単一にしてもよい。光源からの発光を効率良く使用するためであり、砂面変動測定装置のより一層の低廉化を図ることができる。   The light source 1 may be single for a plurality of scattered light measurement units. This is because the light emitted from the light source is used efficiently, and the cost of the sand level fluctuation measuring device can be further reduced.

出射部12と入射部13の形状は円形が好ましい。出射光、入射光を、光学レンズを用いて操作する場合に最も容易な形状は、光路に垂直な平面内で円形の光だからであり、また、光ファイバーも、通常、その断面が円形だからである。   The shapes of the emitting part 12 and the incident part 13 are preferably circular. The easiest shape when manipulating outgoing light and incident light using an optical lens is because the light is circular in a plane perpendicular to the optical path, and the optical fiber is usually circular in cross section. .

出射部12の好ましい大きさは、その直径をDoとして、Doが1.0mm以上3.0mm以下である。入射部13の好ましい大きさは、その直径をDiとして、Diが1.0mm以上3.0mm以下である。DoとDiがこの範囲にあれば、微細な砂粒に由来する散乱光の分析が可能であり、また、河川床観測にとって十分な短い間隔で、基材に散乱光計測ユニットを配置できるからである。   A preferable size of the emitting portion 12 is Do of 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, where Do is the diameter. A preferable size of the incident portion 13 is that the diameter is Di and Di is 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. If Do and Di are within this range, it is possible to analyze the scattered light derived from fine sand particles, and it is possible to arrange the scattered light measurement unit on the substrate at a sufficiently short interval for river bed observation. .

散乱光計測ユニットは単一の基材に複数個取り付ける。散乱光計測ユニットの配置間隔は、入射部の配置間隔として表現することができる。複数個の入射部13は基材7の長手方向に均等間隔で配置することが好ましい。河床から高さに関して、観測位置を最も客観的に配置するためである。   A plurality of scattered light measurement units are attached to a single substrate. The arrangement interval of the scattered light measurement units can be expressed as the arrangement interval of the incident portions. The plurality of incident portions 13 are preferably arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 7. This is because the observation position is most objectively arranged with respect to the height from the riverbed.

入射部の配置の一例を挙げれば、基材に100mmの均等間隔で20個の入射部を配置することである。   If an example of arrangement | positioning of an incident part is given, it is arrange | positioning 20 incident parts to a base material at equal intervals of 100 mm.

次に砂面変動測定装置の使用方法を説明する。観測地点の河床に砂面変動測定装置の先端を埋め込む。このとき、砂面変動測定装置は基材が鉛直になるように設置する。同時に、河床面よりも下部に少なくとも数個の入射部が埋まる深さで埋設する。   Next, a method for using the sand surface fluctuation measuring device will be described. The tip of the sand level fluctuation measuring device is embedded in the riverbed at the observation point. At this time, the sand surface fluctuation measuring device is installed so that the base material is vertical. At the same time, it is buried at a depth that at least several incident parts are buried below the riverbed.

散乱光の計測は、各々の散乱光計測ユニットについて例えば10分間の間隔で行う。河床面よりも下部に位置する散乱光計測ユニットは、光量最大値を出力する。河川水中に位置する散乱光計測ユニットは、懸濁砂粒量に応じた光量を出力する。   The scattered light is measured at intervals of, for example, 10 minutes for each scattered light measurement unit. The scattered light measurement unit located below the riverbed surface outputs the maximum amount of light. The scattered light measurement unit located in the river water outputs an amount of light corresponding to the amount of suspended sand particles.

流砂堆積により河床が上昇した場合は、それまで河床よりも長距離離れていた散乱光計測ユニットが新たに河床直上の散乱光計測ユニットとなる。一方河床が掘削により下降した場合は、それまで河床下に埋没していた散乱光測量ユニットが河床直上に出現して新たな散乱光計測ユニットが加わる。   When the river bed rises due to sedimentation, the scattered light measurement unit that has been far away from the river bed becomes a new scattered light measurement unit directly above the river bed. On the other hand, when the riverbed descends due to excavation, the scattered light surveying unit that had been buried under the riverbed will appear just above the riverbed and a new scattered light measurement unit will be added.

1 砂面変動測定装置
2 河床
6 散乱光計測ユニット
7 基材
8 先端
9 制御部
11 光源
12 出射部
13 入射部
14 光量計
21 出射光ファイバー
22 入光端
23 出射端
31 散乱光ファイバー
32 入射端
33 検知端
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sand surface fluctuation | variation measuring apparatus 2 River bed 6 Scattered light measurement unit 7 Base material 8 Tip 9 Control part 11 Light source 12 Outgoing part 13 Incident part 14 Light meter 21 Outgoing optical fiber 22 Incoming end 23 Outlet end 31 Scattered optical fiber 32 Incoming end 33 Detection end

Claims (7)

砂面変動測定装置において、
柱形状の基材と複数の散乱光計測ユニットからなり、
前記散乱光計測ユニットは、光源、出射部、入射部と光量計からなり、前記出射部は前記基材の側面に開口し、前記入射部は前記基材の側面に開口し、
前記光源からの光を前記出射部から出射し、前記基材を取り囲む環境に存在する砂粒により散乱される散乱光を前記入射部で受光し、前記受光した光の光量を光量計で計測し、前記環境中の砂粒量を計測する砂面変動測定装置。
In the sand surface fluctuation measuring device,
It consists of a columnar base material and multiple scattered light measurement units.
The scattered light measurement unit is composed of a light source, an emission part, an incident part and a light meter, the emission part opens on the side surface of the base material, the incident part opens on the side surface of the base material,
The light from the light source is emitted from the emission part, scattered light scattered by sand particles present in the environment surrounding the base material is received by the incident part, and the light quantity of the received light is measured with a photometer, A sand surface fluctuation measuring device for measuring the amount of sand particles in the environment.
単一の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる前記出射部と前記入射部について、前記出射部と前記入射部が隣接していて前記出射部の輪郭線と前記入射部輪郭線が一部一致する状態にある請求項1に記載した砂面変動測定装置。   About the said output part and the said incident part concerning the said single scattered light measurement unit, the said output part and the said incident part are adjacent, and the outline of the said output part and the said incident part outline match in a part state The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to claim 1. 前記散乱光計測ユニットは出射光ファイバーと散乱光ファイバーを有し、
前記出射光ファイバーの一方端部は入光端であり、他方端部は出射端であり、前記出射光ファイバーは前記光源からの光を前記入光端から入光して前記出射端から出射し、前記出射部は前記出射端であり、
前記散乱光ファイバーの一方端部は入射端であり、他方端部は検知端であり、前記散乱光ファイバーは前記入射端に入射した光を前記検知端から前記光量計に出光し、前記入射部は前記入射端である請求項1乃至2いずれかに記載した砂面変動測定装置。
The scattered light measurement unit has an outgoing optical fiber and a scattered optical fiber,
One end of the output optical fiber is a light input end, the other end is an output end, and the output optical fiber receives light from the light source from the light input end and exits from the output end, The emission part is the emission end,
One end of the scattering optical fiber is an incident end, the other end is a detection end, the scattering optical fiber emits light incident on the incident end from the detection end to the light meter, and the incident portion is The sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus is an incident end.
前記出射部は円形状であり、前記出射部の直径をDoとして、Doは1.0mm以上3.0mm以下であり、
前記入射部は円形状であり、前記入射部の直径をDiとして、Diは1.0mm以上3.0mm以下である請求項1乃至3いずれかに記載した砂面変動測定装置。
The emission part is circular, the diameter of the emission part is Do, and Do is 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less,
The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the incident portion has a circular shape, and Di is 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, where Di is a diameter of the incident portion.
複数の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる複数の前記入射部が前記基材の長手方向に均等間隔に配置されている請求項1乃至4いずれかに記載した砂面変動測定装置。   The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of incident portions of the plurality of scattered light measurement units are arranged at equal intervals in a longitudinal direction of the base material. 複数の前記散乱光測定ユニットにかかる前記光源が単一の光源である請求項1乃至5いずれかに記載した砂面変動測定装置。   The sand surface fluctuation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light source applied to a plurality of the scattered light measurement units is a single light source. 複数の前記散乱光計測ユニットにかかる複数の前記光源はその発光波長スペクトルの極大値が波長620nm以上630nm以下であるLEDである請求項1乃至6いずれかに記載した砂面変動測定装置。   The sand surface fluctuation measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of light sources applied to the plurality of scattered light measurement units are LEDs having a maximum value of an emission wavelength spectrum of a wavelength of 620 nm or more and 630 nm or less.
JP2012007718U 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Sand surface fluctuation measuring device Expired - Lifetime JP3182056U (en)

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