JP3177933B2 - 1,2-polybutadiene composition - Google Patents

1,2-polybutadiene composition

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Publication number
JP3177933B2
JP3177933B2 JP35524692A JP35524692A JP3177933B2 JP 3177933 B2 JP3177933 B2 JP 3177933B2 JP 35524692 A JP35524692 A JP 35524692A JP 35524692 A JP35524692 A JP 35524692A JP 3177933 B2 JP3177933 B2 JP 3177933B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polybutadiene
styrene
present
temperature
weight
Prior art date
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JP35524692A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH06184360A (en
Inventor
洋 林
丈夫 中村
吉久 藤永
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JSR Corp
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JSR Corp
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、成形加工性、可撓性、
透明性および成形外観に優れた軟質で、かつ耐熱性に優
れた1,2−ポリブタジエン組成物に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to moldability, flexibility,
The present invention relates to a 1,2-polybutadiene composition which is soft and excellent in transparency and appearance and excellent in heat resistance.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】軟質塩化ビニル樹脂は成形加工性、可撓
性に優れている。このため、フィルム、シート、チュー
ブあるいは各種成形品などの成形材料として使用され
る。しかし、最近は軟質塩化ビニル樹脂の可塑剤が食品
衛生上問題になり、医療用チューブにおいては、チュー
ブに薬液成分が吸着することで有効成分の減少による薬
液の性能低下が問題となっている。さらに、塩素による
環境汚染が問題となっている。
2. Description of the Related Art Soft vinyl chloride resin is excellent in moldability and flexibility. Therefore, it is used as a molding material for films, sheets, tubes or various molded products. However, recently, plasticizers of a soft vinyl chloride resin have become a problem in food hygiene, and in medical tubing, there has been a problem that the chemical component adsorbs to the tube and the performance of the chemical decreases due to a decrease in the effective component. Furthermore, environmental pollution by chlorine has become a problem.

【0003】一方、上記の問題を有しない軟質塩化ビニ
ル樹脂の代替材料として、成形加工性、可撓性などの性
質が似た結晶性1,2−ポリブタジエンがある。しか
し、結晶性1,2−ポリブタジエンを軟質塩化ビニル樹
脂の代替材料として使用するためには軟質性が十分でな
く、軟質化が必要である。結晶性1,2−ポリブタジエ
ンの軟質化の方法としては、 (1)結晶性1,2−ポリブタジエンの重合工程で、結
晶化度、1,2−結合含有量および平均分子量などを下
げる方法。 (2)低結晶性の1,2−ポリブタジエンまたは各種の
液状のポリマーなどの添加。 などがある。
On the other hand, as an alternative material to the soft vinyl chloride resin which does not have the above-mentioned problems, there is crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene having similar properties such as moldability and flexibility. However, in order to use crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene as a substitute for a soft vinyl chloride resin, the softness is not sufficient, and softening is required. As a method for softening the crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene, (1) a method of lowering the crystallinity, the 1,2-bond content, the average molecular weight, and the like in the polymerization step of the crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene. (2) Addition of low-crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene or various liquid polymers. and so on.

【0004】しかし、これらの方法で軟質化した結晶性
1,2−ポリブタジエンは、軟質化に伴ない耐熱性も低
下する欠点がある。最近はニーズの多様化が求められ、
それを達成するためには軟質化だけでは十分でなく、さ
らに耐熱性に優れていることが不可欠となってきた。
[0004] However, crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene softened by these methods has a drawback in that the heat resistance also decreases with softening. Recently, diversification of needs is required,
To achieve this, softening alone is not enough, and it has become essential to have excellent heat resistance.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、1,2−結合
含有量が70%以上、結晶化度が5〜50%である1,
2−ポリブタジエン5095重量%と、スチレン含有
量3〜50重量%のスチレン−イソプレン系共重合体
重量%とからなることを特徴とする1,2−ポリ
ブタジエン組成物を提供するものである。
According to the present invention, a 1,2-bond content of 70% or more and a crystallinity of 5 to 50%.
2-polybutadiene 50 to 95 % by weight and a styrene-isoprene copolymer 5 having a styrene content of 3 to 50% by weight
The present invention provides a 1,2-polybutadiene composition comprising 0 to 5 % by weight.

【0006】本発明の1,2−ポリブタジエンは、1,
2−結合含有量が70%以上、好ましくは85%以上の
ものである。70%未満であるとゴム的性質が強まり、
その結果、成形加工性に劣る。結晶化度は5%以上、好
ましくは5〜50%、さらに好ましくは10〜40%の
ものがよい。結晶化度がこの範囲にあると引張強度、引
裂強度、成形熱安定性、可撓性などの物姓バランスに優
れる。極限粘度[η]は好ましくは0.5以上、さらに
好ましくは0.7〜3である。この範囲において可撓
性、成形加工性の物性バランスに優れる。
The 1,2-polybutadiene of the present invention comprises 1,1,
The 2-bond content is 70% or more, preferably 85% or more. If it is less than 70%, rubber-like properties are strengthened,
As a result, the moldability is poor. The degree of crystallinity is 5% or more, preferably 5 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 40%. When the crystallinity is in this range, the balance of properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, molding heat stability and flexibility is excellent. The intrinsic viscosity [η] is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.7 to 3. Within this range, the balance of physical properties of flexibility and moldability is excellent.

【0007】本発明のスチレン−イソプレン共重合体は
ランダム型およびブロック型であって、ブロック型共重
合体の構造としては、(A−B)−A、(A−B)
(A−B)−X型のものが好適に使用できる。[式中
のAはスチレンブロック、Bはイソプレンブロックまた
はイソプレンとスチレンとの共重合体ブロック、n≧
1、m≧2、Xは官能基を有するカップリング剤の残
基。]好ましくは、スチレン−イソプレンブロック共重
合体である。
The styrene-isoprene copolymer of the present invention is of a random type and a block type, and the structure of the block type copolymer is (AB) -nA , (AB) n
(AB) -m X type ones can be suitably used. Wherein A is a styrene block, B is an isoprene block or a copolymer block of isoprene and styrene, and n ≧
1, m ≧ 2, and X is a residue of a coupling agent having a functional group. ] Preferably, it is a styrene-isoprene block copolymer.

【0008】本発明のスチレン−イソプレン系共重合体
のスチレン含有量は3〜50重量%、好ましくは5〜4
0重量%、さらに好ましくは8〜35重量%である。ス
チレン含有量がこの範囲にあると成形加工性、軟質化効
果どのバランスに優れる。該共重合体のガラス転移温度
(以下Tgと略)は、好ましくは−15℃以下、さらに
好ましくは−20℃以下、特に好ましくは−25℃以下
がよい。−15℃を超えると樹脂的性質が強まり、その
結果、軟質効果が劣るので好ましくない。上記1,2−
ポリブタジエンとスチレン−イソプレン系共重合体との
ブレンド物の成形においては、両者の軟化温度が近いも
の同志を配合することが好ましい。
The styrene-isoprene copolymer of the present invention has a styrene content of 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 4%.
0% by weight, more preferably 8 to 35% by weight. When the styrene content is in this range, the balance between the moldability and the softening effect is excellent. The glass transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as Tg) of the copolymer is preferably -15C or lower, more preferably -20C or lower, and particularly preferably -25C or lower. If the temperature exceeds -15 ° C, the resinous properties are strengthened, and as a result, the softening effect is inferior. The above 1, 2-
In molding a blend of a polybutadiene and a styrene-isoprene copolymer, it is preferable to mix the two having similar softening temperatures.

【0009】本発明は、特定のスチレン−イソプレン系
共重合体を用いることで耐熱性と透明性を高水準に維持
し、軟質化を可能としたものである。スチレン−イソプ
レン系共重合体にかえて、一般に知られているスチレン
−ブタジエン系共重合体では透明性の低下が大きく、本
発明の目的を達成することができない。
In the present invention, by using a specific styrene-isoprene copolymer, heat resistance and transparency are maintained at a high level, and softening is enabled. Instead of the styrene-isoprene-based copolymer, the generally known styrene-butadiene-based copolymer has a large decrease in transparency, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.

【0010】本発明の1,2−ポリブタジエンとスチレ
ン−イソプレン系共重合体の組成割合は、1,2−ビニ
ル結合含量が70%以上、結晶化度が5〜50%である
1,2−ポリブタジエン50〜95重量%と、スチレン
含有量50重量%のスチレン−イソプレン系重合体
50〜5重量%のものである。
The composition ratio of the 1,2-polybutadiene and styrene-isoprene copolymer of the present invention is such that the 1,2-vinyl bond content is 70% or more and the crystallinity is 5 to 50%. Styrene-isoprene polymer having a polybutadiene content of 50 to 95% by weight and a styrene content of 3 to 50 % by weight
It is 50 to 5% by weight .

【0011】1,2−ポリブタジエンが50重量%未満
であると、1,2−ポリブタジエンの特性が損なわれ、
成形加工性および成形外観が劣る。1,2−ポリブタジ
エンとスチレン−イソプレン系重合体の混合方法として
は特に制限はなく、通常、樹脂に添加剤を混入するとき
に用いられるロール、ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー、
スクリュー押出機などのほか、タンブラー、ヘンシェル
ミキサーなどによる混合方法が利用できる。両成分はペ
レット状、クラム状または粉状であるのが好ましい。こ
の形状の両成分を用いると混合性に優れ、その結果、生
産性に優れ、品質の優れたものが得られる。
If the content of 1,2-polybutadiene is less than 50 % by weight, the properties of 1,2-polybutadiene are impaired,
Poor moldability and appearance. The method for mixing the 1,2-polybutadiene and the styrene-isoprene polymer is not particularly limited, and is usually a roll, a kneader, a Banbury mixer used when mixing an additive into a resin,
In addition to a screw extruder, a mixing method using a tumbler, a Henschel mixer, or the like can be used. Both components are preferably in the form of pellets, crumbs or powders. When both components having this shape are used, the mixture is excellent, and as a result, a product excellent in productivity and excellent in quality is obtained.

【0012】本発明において、1,2−ポリブタジエン
およびスチレン−イソプレン−スチレン系共重合体は各
々2種以上使用することができる。また、添加剤を配合
することができる。
In the present invention, two or more 1,2-polybutadiene and styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers can be used respectively. Further, additives can be blended.

【0013】各種の特性改質材として用いることができ
る添加剤としては、例えば軽質炭酸カルシウム、重質炭
酸カルシウム、種々の表面処理炭酸カルシウムのほか、
タルク、シリカ、水酸化マグネシウム、金属酸化物、金
属塩、金属粉末、金属繊維、マイカー、クレー、硫酸バ
リウム、天然ケイ酸、合成ケイ酸、酸化チタン、ガラス
繊維、カーボン繊維、コットンフロックフェライトおよ
び種々のカーボンブラック、瀝漬物などの無機充填剤、
さらに酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、難燃
剤、滑剤、発泡剤、安定剤、着色剤、顔料、核剤、架橋
剤、架橋助剤、石油系軟化剤、粘着付与剤などが挙げら
れる。
Examples of additives that can be used as various property modifiers include light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, various surface-treated calcium carbonates,
Talc, silica, magnesium hydroxide, metal oxide, metal salt, metal powder, metal fiber, mica, clay, barium sulfate, natural silicic acid, synthetic silicic acid, titanium oxide, glass fiber, carbon fiber, cotton floc ferrite and various Inorganic fillers, such as carbon black and bitumen
Further examples include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, lubricants, foaming agents, stabilizers, colorants, pigments, nucleating agents, crosslinking agents, crosslinking aids, petroleum softeners, tackifiers, and the like. Can be

【0014】このようにして得られる本発明の組成物
は、加工性がよく、透明性に優れ、非架橋の状態で適度
な硬度をもち、耐熱温度を維持向上する性質を有する
1,2−ポリブタジエン組成物である。
The composition of the present invention obtained in this way has good workability, excellent transparency, has an appropriate hardness in a non-crosslinked state, and has the property of maintaining and improving the heat resistant temperature. It is a polybutadiene composition.

【0015】本発明の組成物を材料とする成形品は、射
出成形、押出成形、プレス成形などにより成形でき、各
種成形品、シートフィルムなどにすることができる。ま
た、本発明組成物を所定の箇所に置き、加熱して溶融固
着することもでき、また金型により成形品を成形するこ
とができる。
Molded articles made from the composition of the present invention can be molded by injection molding, extrusion molding, press molding, etc., and can be made into various molded articles, sheet films and the like. In addition, the composition of the present invention can be placed at a predetermined location, melted and fixed by heating, and a molded article can be formed by a mold.

【0016】本発明の組成物は、工業用品、電気・電子
部品、日用品、運動用品、玩具、医療用チューブ・軟質
カテーテル・シートなどの医療用品、食品用チューブ、
フィルム、食品包装材などに用いられ、これら用途にお
いて耐熱温度を維持して、かつ軟質である成形品、成形
材料として広く使用される。
The composition of the present invention can be used for industrial articles, electric / electronic parts, daily necessities, exercise articles, toys, medical articles such as medical tubes / soft catheters / sheets, food tubes,
It is used for films, food packaging materials and the like. In these applications, it is widely used as a soft molded product or molding material which maintains a heat resistant temperature and is soft.

【0017】(作 用)以上のように本発明によれば、
成形加工性、透明性に優れ、1,2−ポリブタジエンの
軟質化を図り、かつ耐熱温度を維持向上する1,2−ポ
リブタジエン組成物が得られる。
(Operation) As described above, according to the present invention,
A 1,2-polybutadiene composition which is excellent in molding processability and transparency, softens 1,2-polybutadiene, and maintains and improves the heat-resistant temperature can be obtained.

【0018】[0018]

【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的
に説明する。なお、実施例中、部および%は特に断わら
ない限り重量基準である。また、実施例中の各種評価は
次のように測定した値である。なお、ポリブタジエンの
1,2−結合含量は赤外吸収スペクトル法(モレロ法)
によって求める。
The present invention will now be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the examples, parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. Various evaluations in the examples are values measured as follows. The 1,2-bond content of polybutadiene is determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy (Morello method)
Ask by.

【0019】硬 度 JIS K−6301に定められる加硫ゴムの物理試験
法のかたさ試験法に準拠して、試験片サイズ150mm
×25mm×6mmを用いて硬度を求めた。
Hardness According to the hardness test method of the physical test method for vulcanized rubber specified in JIS K-6301, the test piece size is 150 mm.
The hardness was determined using × 25 mm × 6 mm.

【0020】融点およびガラス転移温度 JIS K−7121に定められるプラスチックの転移
温度測定法に準拠して、溶解ピーク温度を求め融点とし
た。また、ガラス転移温度を求めた。
Melting point and glass transition temperature The melting peak temperature was determined according to the method for measuring the transition temperature of plastics specified in JIS K-7121, and was defined as the melting point. Further, the glass transition temperature was determined.

【0021】ビカット軟化温度 JIS K−7206に定められる熱可塑性プラスチッ
クのビカット軟化温度試験法に準拠して、ビカット軟化
温度を求めた。
Vicat Softening Temperature The Vicat softening temperature was determined in accordance with the Vicat Softening Temperature Test Method for Thermoplastics specified in JIS K-7206.

【0022】HAZE(曇価) JIS K−7105に定められるプラスチックの光学
的特性試験方法のHAZE(曇価)試験法に準拠して求
めた。試験片は、射出成形機にてシリンダー温度130
℃、金型温度15℃で成形した厚さ2mmのシートを用
いた。
HAZE (cloudiness value) The HAZE (cloudiness value) was determined in accordance with the HAZE (cloudiness value) test method of a plastic optical property test method specified in JIS K-7105. The test piece was measured at a cylinder temperature of 130 with an injection molding machine.
A 2 mm-thick sheet molded at 15 ° C. and a mold temperature of 15 ° C. was used.

【0023】耐熱性 以下の基準で評価した。 (判定) ○;もとの1,2−ポリブタジエンの融点およびビカッ
ト軟化温度を維持または上回る。 △;もとの1,2−ポリブタジエンの融点およびビカッ
ト軟化温度より3℃以上6℃未満低下。 ×;もとの1,2−ポリブタジエンの融点およびビカッ
ト軟化温度より6℃以上低下。
Heat resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. (Judgment) ;: Maintains or exceeds the original melting point and Vicat softening temperature of 1,2-polybutadiene. Δ: 3 ° C. or more and less than 6 ° C. lower than the original melting point and Vicat softening temperature of 1,2-polybutadiene. ×: 6 ° C. or more lower than the original melting point and Vicat softening temperature of 1,2-polybutadiene.

【0024】成形加工性 射出成形、押出成形、熱プレス成形を行ない、以下の基
準で評価した。 (判定) ○;何れの加工機でも容易に加工できる。 △;3種類のうち、2種類の加工機で加工できる。 ×;3種類のうち、1種類の加工方法しかない。
Molding processability Injection molding, extrusion molding and hot press molding were performed and evaluated according to the following criteria. (Judgment) ;: Easily processed by any processing machine. Δ: Processing can be performed with two types of processing machines among the three types. ×: There is only one processing method among the three types.

【0025】総 合 (判定) ○;耐熱温度を低下させず軟質が図れる。 ×;軟質化を図れるが、耐熱温度も低下する。Total (judgment) ;: Softness can be achieved without lowering the heat resistant temperature. X: Softening can be achieved, but heat resistance temperature also decreases.

【0026】実施例1 1,2−ポリブタジエンとして、RB810[日本合成
ゴム(株)製、JSRRB]90部とスチレン−イソプ
レン系共重合体[日本合成ゴム(株)製、JSR SI
S]10部をタンブラーで混合し、押出機を用いてシリ
ンダー温度150℃でペレットを得た。こののペレット
を用いて射出成形機にてテストピースを成形し、評価を
行なった。評価結果を表1、表2に示す。
Example 1 As 1,2-polybutadiene, 90 parts of RB810 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., JSRRB) and a styrene-isoprene copolymer [manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., JSR SI
S] was mixed with a tumbler, and pellets were obtained at a cylinder temperature of 150 ° C. using an extruder. Using these pellets, test pieces were molded by an injection molding machine and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

【0027】実施例2〜6、比較例1〜15 表1、表2の成分を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で行
なった。評価結果を表1、表2に示す。
Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Examples 1 to 15 The same procedures as in Example 1 were carried out using the components shown in Tables 1 and 2. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

【0028】[0028]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0029】[0029]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0030】表1から明らかなように、本発明の1,2
−ポリブタジエン組成物[実施例1〜6]は何れも成形
加工性、可撓性、透明性に優れ、軟質化を図り、かつ耐
熱温度を維持向上している。これに対して、比較例3〜
10は液状ポリマー、または可塑剤を用いて軟質化を図
ったが、融点、ビカット軟化温度が低下し、耐熱性が劣
る。比較例11〜12は組成割合が本発明の範囲外の例
であり、成形加工性が劣る。比較例13は本発明の範囲
外のスチレン−ブタジエン−スチレンブロック共重合体
と1,2−ポリブタジエンの組合せ例であり、不透明と
なり透明性が劣る。また、比較例14〜15はスチレン
含有量が本発明の範囲外の例であり、軟質化が図れず、
硬度が劣る。
As is clear from Table 1, 1 and 2 of the present invention
-The polybutadiene compositions [Examples 1 to 6] are all excellent in moldability, flexibility, and transparency, are softened, and maintain and improve the heat resistance temperature. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 3 to
In No. 10, softening was achieved by using a liquid polymer or a plasticizer, but the melting point and the Vicat softening temperature were lowered, and the heat resistance was poor. Comparative Examples 11 to 12 are examples in which the composition ratio is out of the range of the present invention, and the molding processability is poor. Comparative Example 13 is an example of a combination of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and 1,2-polybutadiene, which is out of the range of the present invention, and is opaque and has poor transparency. Further, Comparative Examples 14 to 15 are examples in which the styrene content is out of the range of the present invention, and softening cannot be achieved.
Poor hardness.

【0031】[0031]

【発明の効果】本発明の1,2−ポリブタジエン組成物
は、1,2−ポリブタジエンの特徴を失わず、軟質化を
図るとともに、かつ耐熱温度を維持向上し、成形加工
性、透明性に優れた特性を有し、工業用品、電気・電子
部品、日用品、運動用品、玩具、医療用チューブ・軟質
カテーテル・シートなどの医療用品、食品用チューブ、
フィルム、食品包装材など幅広い用途に渡って有用であ
り、産業上の利用価値は極めて大きい。
Industrial Applicability The 1,2-polybutadiene composition of the present invention does not lose the characteristics of 1,2-polybutadiene, is softened, maintains a heat-resistant temperature, and is excellent in moldability and transparency. Industrial products, electrical and electronic parts, daily necessities, sports equipment, toys, medical supplies such as medical tubes, soft catheters and sheets, food tubes,
It is useful over a wide range of applications, such as films and food packaging materials, and has an extremely large industrial value.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−170650(JP,A) 特開 平4−362403(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C08L 9/06 C08L 47/00 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-60-170650 (JP, A) JP-A-4-362403 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C08L 9/06 C08L 47/00

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 1,2−結合含有量が70%以上、結晶
化度が5〜50%である1,2−ポリブタジエン50
95重量%と、スチレン含有量3〜50重量%のスチレ
ン−イソプレン系共重合体50重量%とからなるこ
とを特徴とする1,2−ポリブタジエン組成物。
1. A 1,2-bond content of 70% or more, crystallinity of 5% to 50% 1,2-polybutadiene 50 to
A 1,2-polybutadiene composition comprising 95 % by weight and 50 to 5 % by weight of a styrene-isoprene copolymer having a styrene content of 3 to 50% by weight.
JP35524692A 1992-12-17 1992-12-17 1,2-polybutadiene composition Expired - Lifetime JP3177933B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP35524692A JP3177933B2 (en) 1992-12-17 1992-12-17 1,2-polybutadiene composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP35524692A JP3177933B2 (en) 1992-12-17 1992-12-17 1,2-polybutadiene composition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06184360A JPH06184360A (en) 1994-07-05
JP3177933B2 true JP3177933B2 (en) 2001-06-18

Family

ID=18442823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP35524692A Expired - Lifetime JP3177933B2 (en) 1992-12-17 1992-12-17 1,2-polybutadiene composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3177933B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4646533B2 (en) * 2004-03-12 2011-03-09 川澄化学工業株式会社 Infusion set
JP2007023062A (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-02-01 Jsr Corp Thermoplastic elastomer composition, method for bonding molded article thereof to molded article, composite molded article containing molded article thereof and medical infusion set having comopisite molded article

Also Published As

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JPH06184360A (en) 1994-07-05

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