JP3130414B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents
IncineratorInfo
- Publication number
- JP3130414B2 JP3130414B2 JP05239619A JP23961993A JP3130414B2 JP 3130414 B2 JP3130414 B2 JP 3130414B2 JP 05239619 A JP05239619 A JP 05239619A JP 23961993 A JP23961993 A JP 23961993A JP 3130414 B2 JP3130414 B2 JP 3130414B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- incinerator
- waste
- air supply
- air
- incineration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は,廃棄物を燃焼処理する
ための焼却炉に関する。廃棄物の焼却処理は,排気ガ
ス,煤煙等を発生しやすいため大気汚染の原因となるこ
とがあった。そのため,有害ガス,煤煙等を発生しない
無公害の焼却炉が必要とされる。従来の無公害の焼却炉
は,有害ガス,煤煙の排出等をなくし無公害化するため
に高価な設備を必要としていた。廃棄物の増大にともな
い,低コストで大気汚染を生じない焼却炉が望まれてい
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator for burning waste. Incineration of wastes can easily generate exhaust gas, smoke and so on, which can cause air pollution. Therefore, a non-polluting incinerator that does not generate harmful gas and smoke is required. Conventional non-polluting incinerators required expensive equipment to eliminate harmful gases and soot and eliminate pollution. With the increase of waste, low cost incinerators that do not cause air pollution are desired.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の焼却炉では,火格子を使用し,火
格子の上に廃棄物を堆積し,堆積した廃棄物に着火する
とともに着火した廃棄物に直接空気を当てて燃焼を継続
させる直接燃焼方式が一般的であった。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional incinerator uses a grate, deposits waste on the grate, ignites the deposited waste, and directly burns the ignited waste with air to continue combustion. The direct combustion system was common.
【0003】また,廃棄物を空気から遮断して直接燃焼
を避けた状態で廃棄物を高温に加熱して乾留し,乾留に
より生じる燃焼性のガスを燃焼するガス化燃焼方式も知
られている。There is also known a gasification combustion system in which waste is heated to a high temperature to dry-evaporate the waste in a state in which the waste is shielded from air to avoid direct combustion, and combustible gas generated by the dry-distillation is burned. .
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】直接燃焼方式は,遊離
カーボンを多量に排出し黒煙を発生するので遊離カーボ
ンを二次燃焼させる必要があり,そのために補助燃料を
必要としていた。そのため,有害ガス,煤煙の排出を抑
制するためには設備が大型化するとともに複雑な構成と
なり高価なものであった。また,焼却炉が高温になるた
め焼却炉の寿命が短く,窒素酸化物等の有害物質の発生
率が高い等の問題もあった。In the direct combustion system, since a large amount of free carbon is emitted and black smoke is generated, it is necessary to perform secondary combustion of the free carbon, and therefore, an auxiliary fuel is required. Therefore, in order to suppress the emission of harmful gases and soot, the equipment becomes large, complicated, and expensive. In addition, the incinerator has a high temperature, so the life of the incinerator is short, and there are also problems such as a high incidence of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides.
【0005】上記の乾留によるガス化燃焼方式は,遊離
カーボンの発生は少ないが,乾留のための加熱と乾留さ
れた残りの廃棄物の燃焼とを必要とする二段階燃焼方式
となるために設備が複雑化し,高価なものであった。ま
た,長時間の処理を必要とするため処理能力が低く,か
つガス発生の制御の調整が難しくガス爆発の危険性の高
い等の問題点もあった。[0005] The gasification combustion method using the dry distillation described above is a two-stage combustion method which requires heating for the dry distillation and combustion of the remaining waste which has been carbonized, although the generation of free carbon is small, so that the equipment is used. Was complicated and expensive. In addition, there are also problems such as a long processing time, a low processing capacity, difficulty in adjusting gas generation control, and a high risk of gas explosion.
【0006】本発明は,火格子を必要とする直接燃焼方
式とも異なり,上記の乾留によるガス化燃焼方式とも異
なる半乾留式のガス化燃焼方式の焼却炉を提供すること
を目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a semi-distilled gasification combustion incinerator which differs from the direct combustion method requiring a grate and is different from the above-mentioned gasification combustion method using dry distillation.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は,最初,焼却炉
に堆積させ,例えば廃棄物の表面をバーナー等で着火す
る。それ以後は,燃焼した表面の熱でその下層の堆積物
を乾留するとともに,可燃性乾留ガスを焼却室上部で燃
焼させ,かつ乾留された廃棄物をいわば,「オキ」の状
態とし,又は液化などして常時種火を保持しながら焼却
させるようにした。さらに,その乾留された廃棄物が焼
却される熱により,また可燃性乾留ガスが燃焼される熱
によりその下層の廃棄物から可燃性乾留ガスを発生させ
て,燃焼させるようにした。焼却室への空気の供給は,
原則的に焼却室上方で燃焼が行われるその燃焼熱により
下方の廃棄物が乾留される程度に,かつ堆積されている
廃棄物の表面での焼却が維持される程度とし,乾留で発
生する可燃性乾留ガスを効率良く発生させかつ堆積され
ている廃棄物が炎を上げて直接燃焼されることのないよ
うにした。According to the present invention, the waste is first deposited in an incinerator, and the surface of the waste is ignited by a burner or the like. After that, the lower layer sediment is carbonized by the heat of the burned surface, the combustible carbonized gas is burned in the upper part of the incineration chamber, and the carbonized waste is put into the state of “Oki” or liquefied. As a result, they were incinerated while maintaining a pilot fire at all times. Further, the combustible carbonized gas is generated from the lower layer waste by the heat of incineration of the carbonized waste and the heat of combustion of the combustible carbonized gas, and is combusted. The air supply to the incinerator is
In principle, the combustion heat generated in the upper part of the incinerator is such that the waste below is carbonized by the heat of combustion, and the incineration on the surface of the deposited waste is maintained. The effective generation of the dry carbonization gas and the accumulation of the waste are prevented from burning up and directly burning.
【0008】図1は本発明の基本構成を示す。図におい
て,1は焼却炉本体である。FIG. 1 shows the basic configuration of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an incinerator main body.
【0009】1’は焼却室である。2は焼却する廃棄物
15を投入する投入口である。3は燃焼した廃棄物15
の灰を取り出す灰出口である。1 'is an incinerator. Reference numeral 2 denotes an input port for inputting waste 15 to be incinerated. 3 is the burned waste 15
This is the ash outlet for taking out the ash.
【0010】4は乾留された廃棄物から発生する乾留ガ
スを更に完全に燃焼させる二次燃焼室である。5は給気
部であって,焼却室1’,二次燃焼室4に空気を供給す
る部分である。Reference numeral 4 denotes a secondary combustion chamber for further completely burning the carbonized gas generated from the carbonized waste. Reference numeral 5 denotes an air supply unit which supplies air to the incineration chamber 1 'and the secondary combustion chamber 4.
【0011】6,6’,6'',7は給気孔(給気ノズ
ル)であって,給気部5から送られてくる空気を焼却室
1’,二次燃焼室4に供給するものである。なお,供給
する空気は堆積されている廃棄物を直接燃焼させること
なく,堆積されている廃棄物の表面において一部燃焼状
態になることもあり得る焼却層16の下の層で乾留が行
われるようにする。即ち,堆積されている廃棄物が炎を
あげて燃え上がらない程度(遊離カーボンが発生しない
程度)の量を供給されるものである。Reference numerals 6, 6 ', 6 ", and 7 denote air supply holes (air supply nozzles) for supplying air sent from the air supply unit 5 to the incineration chamber 1' and the secondary combustion chamber 4. It is. Note that the supplied air does not directly burn the deposited waste, but is subjected to dry distillation in a layer below the incineration layer 16 which may be partially burned on the surface of the deposited waste. To do. That is, the amount of the deposited waste is supplied to such an extent that it does not burn up with a flame (to the extent that free carbon is not generated).
【0012】8は排気部であって,排気ガスを外部に排
出するものである。9は蓋部であって,廃棄物を燃焼さ
せる時に投入口2をふさぐものである。10は蓋部であ
って,灰出口3をふさぐものである。15は廃棄物であ
って,被焼却堆積物である。16は焼却層であって,燃
焼当初はバーナー等で着火され,以後,堆積されている
廃棄物の表面において一部燃焼状態になることもあり得
る燃焼層を表す。17は乾留層であって,焼却層16な
どの熱により乾留された状態になっている廃棄物(可燃
性乾留ガスが排出された後の廃棄物)の層を表す。Reference numeral 8 denotes an exhaust portion for discharging exhaust gas to the outside. Reference numeral 9 denotes a lid which closes the inlet 2 when burning the waste. Reference numeral 10 denotes a lid, which covers the ash outlet 3. Reference numeral 15 denotes wastes, which are incineration deposits. Reference numeral 16 denotes an incineration layer, which is ignited by a burner or the like at the beginning of combustion, and thereafter may be partially burned on the surface of the deposited waste. Reference numeral 17 denotes a carbonization layer, which represents a layer of waste (waste after flammable carbonization gas is discharged) that has been carbonized by heat from the incineration layer 16 or the like.
【0013】[0013]
【作用】本発明の基本構成の作用を説明する。本発明の
廃棄物の焼却処理はバッチ処理で行われる。The operation of the basic configuration of the present invention will be described. The waste incineration process of the present invention is performed in a batch process.
【0014】蓋部9を開けて,投入口2より廃棄物15
を焼却炉本体1の内部(廃棄物堆積部)に投入する。焼
却時は,蓋部9,10を閉じ,給気部5より空気を焼却
室1’,二次燃焼室4に供給する。空気は給気管5’,
5”,5''' を通って給気孔6,6’,6'',7より焼
却室1’,二次燃焼室4に供給される。When the lid 9 is opened, the waste 15
Into the incinerator body 1 (waste depositing section). At the time of incineration, the lids 9 and 10 are closed, and air is supplied from the air supply unit 5 to the incineration chamber 1 ′ and the secondary combustion chamber 4. Air is supplied to the air supply pipe 5 ',
The air is supplied to the incineration chamber 1 ′ and the secondary combustion chamber 4 from the supply holes 6, 6 ′, 6 ″, 7 through 5 ″, 5 ′ ″.
【0015】焼却を開始する時は,例えば,投入口2よ
りバーナー等で廃棄物15の表面に着火し,蓋部9を閉
じる。廃棄物15の表面の燃焼により生成される焼却層
16の熱によりその層の下の廃棄物から可燃性乾留ガス
が放出されて焼却室1’において燃焼される。あわせ
て,乾留層17が生成される。When incineration is started, for example, the surface of the waste 15 is ignited by a burner or the like from the inlet 2 and the lid 9 is closed. The heat of the incineration layer 16 generated by the combustion of the surface of the waste 15 releases combustible carbonized gas from the waste below the layer and is burned in the incineration chamber 1 '. At the same time, the dry distillation layer 17 is generated.
【0016】焼却室1’に供給する空気は,焼却層16
の下に生成される乾留層で炎が燃え上がらないように
し,廃棄物の乾留とその焼却とが維持される程度の量と
する。この場合,乾留ガスと焼却排ガスとは混合され半
乾留ガスとなり,少量の空気が供給されることにより,
容易に爆発下限界以下の混合ガスとなり,安全が保証さ
れる。The air supplied to the incineration chamber 1 ′ is
The flame should not be ignited in the carbonization layer formed below the surface and the amount should be such that the carbonization of waste and its incineration are maintained. In this case, the carbonized gas and the incineration exhaust gas are mixed to form a semi-carbonized gas, and a small amount of air is supplied.
The mixed gas easily falls below the lower explosive limit, and safety is guaranteed.
【0017】このようにして,焼却層16,乾留層17
は次第に堆積されている廃棄物15の下部に進行し,廃
棄物15が全て焼却しつくされると,灰出口3の蓋部1
0が開けられ,廃棄物の燃焼した灰が取り出される。As described above, the incineration layer 16 and the dry distillation layer 17
Gradually progresses to the lower part of the accumulated waste 15, and when the waste 15 is completely incinerated, the lid 1 of the ash outlet 3
0 is opened and the burnt ash of the waste is taken out.
【0018】また,焼却中に乾留により発生された乾留
ガスは焼却室1’内で燃焼されかつ二次燃焼室4に移動
され,給気孔7からの空気と混合されて燃焼する。燃焼
した排気ガスは排気部8を介して外部に排出される。Further, the carbonized gas generated by carbonization during incineration is burned in the incineration chamber 1 'and moved to the secondary combustion chamber 4, where it is mixed with air from the air supply hole 7 and burned. The burned exhaust gas is discharged to the outside via the exhaust unit 8.
【0019】[0019]
【実施例】図2は本発明の実施例を示す。図において,
(a)は断面図, (b)は平面図, (c)は側面図である。FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure,
(a) is a sectional view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is a side view.
【0020】31は焼却炉本体であって耐火性の材料の
壁で構成されるとともに,表面を炉殻で被ったものであ
る。表面の炉殻と壁の間に空気の給気管を有するもので
ある。Reference numeral 31 denotes an incinerator main body which is made of a refractory material wall and whose surface is covered with a furnace shell. It has an air supply pipe between the furnace shell on the surface and the wall.
【0021】31’は焼却室である。32は水冷天井で
あって,耐火性の材料で焼却炉本体31の天井を構成す
るものであり,水冷用の冷却室を備えるものである。Reference numeral 31 'denotes an incineration chamber. Numeral 32 denotes a water-cooled ceiling, which constitutes the ceiling of the incinerator main body 31 with a refractory material, and has a cooling chamber for water cooling.
【0022】33は投入口である。34は投入口33の
蓋である。35は灰出口である。Reference numeral 33 denotes an input port. Reference numeral 34 denotes a cover of the input port 33. Reference numeral 35 denotes an ash outlet.
【0023】36は灰出口35の蓋である。37は二次
燃焼室である。38は送風機であって,空気を供給する
ものである。Reference numeral 36 denotes a lid of the ash outlet 35. 37 is a secondary combustion chamber. Reference numeral 38 denotes a blower for supplying air.
【0024】39は給気管であって,送風機38の供給
する空気を導くものである。40は炉床給気管であっ
て,焼却炉本体31の炉床に配置され,燃焼空気を焼却
室31’に導くものである。Reference numeral 39 denotes an air supply pipe for guiding air supplied from the blower 38. Reference numeral 40 denotes a hearth supply pipe, which is disposed on the hearth of the incinerator main body 31 and guides combustion air to the incineration chamber 31 '.
【0025】41,41’は側壁給気管であって,焼却
炉本体31の側壁に配置され,空気を焼却室31’に導
くものである。42は炉床給気ノズルであって,炉床に
設けられ,炉床給気管40から焼却室31’に空気を供
給するものである。Reference numerals 41 and 41 'denote side wall air supply pipes, which are arranged on the side walls of the incinerator main body 31 and guide air to the incineration chamber 31'. Reference numeral 42 denotes a hearth air supply nozzle which is provided on the hearth and supplies air from the hearth air supply pipe 40 to the incineration chamber 31 '.
【0026】43,43’は側壁給気ノズルであって,
炉の側壁に設けられ,側壁給気管41から焼却室31’
に燃焼空気を供給するものである。44は二次燃焼室3
7に配設された給気管のノズルであって,二次燃焼室給
気管45から二次燃焼室37に燃焼空気を供給するもの
である。Reference numerals 43 and 43 'denote side wall air supply nozzles.
It is installed on the side wall of the furnace, and the incinerator 31 '
To supply combustion air to the 44 is the secondary combustion chamber 3
7 is a nozzle of an air supply pipe provided in 7 and supplies combustion air to the secondary combustion chamber 37 from a secondary combustion chamber air supply pipe 45.
【0027】49は煙突であって,排気ガスを排出する
ものである。50はシースタンクであって,水冷天井の
冷却水を貯えるものである。51は温度センサであっ
て,焼却室31’の温度を検出するものである。Reference numeral 49 denotes a chimney for discharging exhaust gas. Reference numeral 50 denotes a sheath tank for storing cooling water of a water-cooled ceiling. A temperature sensor 51 detects the temperature of the incineration chamber 31 '.
【0028】図2の構成において,焼却炉本体31の天
井部を水冷天井32とすることにより天井部の耐火炉材
の焼落を防止し,天井部が低寿命となることを防ぐこと
ができる。また,焼却炉本体31の周壁,炉床は耐火炉
材で構成することにより温度の安定化をはかることがで
きる。さらに,温度センサ51により焼却室31’の温
度を検出し,廃棄物の燃焼状態を監視制御することがで
きる。In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the ceiling of the incinerator main body 31 is made to be a water-cooled ceiling 32, so that the refractory furnace material on the ceiling can be prevented from burning down and the ceiling can be prevented from having a short life. . In addition, the peripheral wall and the hearth of the incinerator body 31 are made of refractory furnace material, so that the temperature can be stabilized. Further, the temperature of the incineration chamber 31 'can be detected by the temperature sensor 51, and the combustion state of the waste can be monitored and controlled.
【0029】次に,図2の構成の焼却炉による焼却処理
について説明する。廃棄物の焼却はバッチ処理される。
焼却する時は,灰出口の蓋36を閉じる。そして,投入
口33の蓋34を開け,一回の焼却量の廃棄物を焼却室
31’に投入する。Next, the incineration processing by the incinerator having the structure shown in FIG. 2 will be described. Waste incineration is batched.
When incinerated, the lid 36 of the ash outlet is closed. Then, the lid 34 of the charging port 33 is opened, and a single incineration amount of waste is injected into the incineration chamber 31 '.
【0030】焼却の開始時に投入口よりバーナー等で廃
棄物の表面に着火し,投入口の蓋34を閉じる。送風機
38を始動させ,焼却炉本体31の内部に空気を供給す
る。空気は給気管39を介して,炉床給気管40に供給
され,炉床給気ノズル42より焼却炉本体31の内部に
供給される。また,空気は側壁給気管41,41’を介
して側壁給気ノズル43,43’により焼却炉本体31
の内部に供給される。さらに,空気は二次燃焼室給気管
45を介してノズル44により二次燃焼室37に供給さ
れる。At the start of incineration, the surface of the waste is ignited by a burner or the like from the charging port, and the lid 34 of the charging port is closed. The blower 38 is started to supply air into the incinerator main body 31. The air is supplied to the hearth air supply pipe 40 via the air supply pipe 39, and is supplied from the hearth air supply nozzle 42 to the inside of the incinerator main body 31. Further, the air is supplied to the incinerator main body 31 by the side wall air supply nozzles 43, 43 'through the side wall air supply pipes 41, 41'.
Supplied inside. Further, air is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 37 by the nozzle 44 via the secondary combustion chamber air supply pipe 45.
【0031】その後,廃棄物の表面に生じた燃焼層から
の熱や焼却室1’の上方で燃焼される可燃性乾留ガスか
らの熱によりその下の廃棄物が乾留される。さらに乾留
された廃棄物(いわば炭の状態になった廃棄物)は逐次
焼却されて灰となる。この状態が連続されてゆく。Thereafter, the waste under the waste is carbonized by the heat from the combustion layer generated on the surface of the waste and the heat from the combustible carbonized gas burned above the incinerator 1 '. Further, the carbonized waste (so-called coal-like waste) is sequentially incinerated into ash. This state continues.
【0032】空気は,二次燃焼室37にも供給されるよ
うにし,廃棄物の燃焼層には直接燃焼空気が供給されな
いようにし,廃棄物が熱で乾留される程度とする。その
ように,送風機38の燃焼空気の供給量をコントロール
し,廃棄物が炎を発して燃え上がらないようにし,遊離
カーボンを生じないようにする。The air is also supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 37 so that the combustion air of the waste is not directly supplied with the combustion air, and the waste is carbonized by heat. In this way, the supply of combustion air from the blower 38 is controlled to prevent waste from burning and burning and free carbon from being generated.
【0033】可燃性の乾留ガスは焼却室31’内で燃焼
されると共に二次燃焼室37にも流れる。そこで,乾留
ガスとノズル44から吹き出る空気と混合され,燃焼さ
れる。燃焼した排気ガスは煙突49により外部に放出さ
れる。The combustible dry distillation gas is burned in the incineration chamber 31 'and also flows into the secondary combustion chamber 37. There, the carbonized gas and the air blown out from the nozzle 44 are mixed and burned. The burned exhaust gas is released to the outside by the chimney 49.
【0034】廃棄物が全て焼却されて灰になると,灰出
口35の蓋が開けられ,廃棄物の灰が外にとりだされ
る。炉床は,回転式として炉床を回転することにより炉
床に堆積した灰を取り出せるようにしても良い。また,
炉床にホッパーを配置し,廃棄物の焼却により生じる灰
がホッパーに堆積し,ホッパーとともに灰を取り出すよ
うにしても良い。When all the waste is incinerated and turned into ash, the lid of the ash outlet 35 is opened and the ash of the waste is taken out. The hearth may be a rotary type so that the ash deposited on the hearth can be taken out by rotating the hearth. Also,
A hopper may be arranged on the hearth, and ash generated by incineration of waste may accumulate on the hopper, and the ash may be taken out together with the hopper.
【0035】図3は本発明の燃焼空気供給方法の実施例
を示す。(a)は小型炉の場合である。(b)は大型炉の場合
である。FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the combustion air supply method of the present invention. (a) is for a small furnace. (b) is for a large furnace.
【0036】図3において,31は焼却炉本体である。
31’は焼却室である。In FIG. 3, reference numeral 31 denotes an incinerator main body.
31 'is an incinerator.
【0037】33,33’は投入口である。37は二次
燃焼室である。41は側壁供給管である。Reference numerals 33 and 33 'denote input ports. 37 is a secondary combustion chamber. 41 is a side wall supply pipe.
【0038】43は側壁給気ノズルである。小型の炉の
場合には図3 (a)に示すように,焼却室31’で中心位
置の回りを回転して二次燃焼室37に流れ込む回転空気
流が作られるように側壁給気ノズル43の向きを調整す
る。その結果図示のように空気流が生成され二次燃焼室
37に流入する。Reference numeral 43 denotes a side wall air supply nozzle. In the case of a small furnace, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the side wall air supply nozzle 43 is rotated so as to rotate around the center position in the incineration chamber 31 ′ and flow into the secondary combustion chamber 37. Adjust the orientation of. As a result, an airflow is generated as shown, and flows into the secondary combustion chamber 37.
【0039】大型炉の場合には,図3 (b)に示すよう
に,焼却室31’の中心位置よりずれた一方の側を中心
として二次燃焼室37に流れ込む回転空気流と,焼却室
31’の他方を中心として二次燃焼室37に流れ込む回
転空気流とが生成されるようにノズルの向きを選定す
る。In the case of a large furnace, as shown in FIG. 3B, a rotating air flow flowing into the secondary combustion chamber 37 around one side shifted from the center position of the incineration chamber 31 ' The orientation of the nozzle is selected such that a rotating airflow flowing into the secondary combustion chamber 37 around the other of the 31 'is generated.
【0040】また,側壁給気管41は炉の高さに応じ
て,層流が焼却室31’で生成され,炉内での滞留時間
および反応時間が長くなるように段数を定める。ノズル
の向きにより生成される回転空気流により空気と内部に
滞留しているガス(乾留ガス等)との混合が促進され完
全燃焼が保証される。The number of the side wall supply pipes 41 is determined so that a laminar flow is generated in the incineration chamber 31 'according to the height of the furnace, and the residence time and reaction time in the furnace become longer. The rotation of the air flow generated by the orientation of the nozzle promotes the mixing of the air and the gas (such as the carbonized gas) stagnating inside, thereby ensuring complete combustion.
【0041】図4は本発明の炉床給気ノズルおよび二次
燃焼室の実施例を示す。図4 (a)は炉床給気ノズルの実
施例である。図4(a) において,40は炉床給気管であ
る。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the hearth supply nozzle and the secondary combustion chamber of the present invention. FIG. 4A shows an embodiment of the hearth air supply nozzle. In FIG. 4A, reference numeral 40 denotes a hearth supply pipe.
【0042】42は給気ノズルであり,図の右側に示し
た給気ノズル42’は左側の給気ノズル42を側面から
見た図を表す。給気ノズル42は円筒の頂部を斜めに切
り落とした形状のものである。Reference numeral 42 denotes an air supply nozzle, and an air supply nozzle 42 'shown on the right side of the figure shows the left air supply nozzle 42 viewed from the side. The air supply nozzle 42 has a shape obtained by diagonally cutting off the top of the cylinder.
【0043】60は焼却炉本体の炉床である。61はキ
ャップであって,給気ノズルの先端部が廃棄物もしくは
灰でふさがれないようにするものである。Reference numeral 60 denotes a hearth of the incinerator main body. Reference numeral 61 denotes a cap which prevents the tip of the air supply nozzle from being blocked by waste or ash.
【0044】空気は図示のように炉床給気管40から送
られ,給気ノズル42に流入し,給気ノズルの先端部か
らキャップ61の内側に抜け,キャップ61と炉床60
との隙間から焼却室に流入する。給気ノズル42の先端
はキャップ61で保護され,廃棄物もしくは灰が給気ノ
ズル42に目詰まりすることのないようにされている。Air is sent from the hearth air supply pipe 40 as shown in the figure, flows into the air supply nozzle 42, and escapes from the tip of the air supply nozzle into the inside of the cap 61.
Flows into the incinerator through the gap. The tip of the air supply nozzle 42 is protected by a cap 61 so that waste or ash does not clog the air supply nozzle 42.
【0045】図4 (b), (c)は二次燃焼室の断面図と平
面図を示す。図4 (b), (c)において,31”は焼却炉
本体の炉殻鉄板であって,焼却炉本体の外郭である。FIGS. 4B and 4C show a sectional view and a plan view of the secondary combustion chamber. In FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (c), 31 ″ is a furnace shell iron plate of the incinerator main body, which is an outer shell of the incinerator main body.
【0046】31''' は焼却炉本体の壁を構成する耐火
炉材である。39は空気の給気管である。44は二次燃
焼室給気管の給気ノズルである。Reference numeral 31 '''denotes a refractory furnace material constituting the wall of the incinerator main body. Reference numeral 39 denotes an air supply pipe. 44 is an air supply nozzle of the air supply pipe of the secondary combustion chamber.
【0047】45は二次燃焼室給気管である。48は調
整弁であって,燃焼空気の供給量を調整するものであ
る。62は障壁衝立であって,二次燃焼室に給気ノズル
44から噴射される燃焼空気を衝突させて乱流,衝撃波
等を生じさせ,燃焼ガス,乾留ガスと燃焼空気の混合性
をよくするものである。Reference numeral 45 denotes a secondary combustion chamber supply pipe. Reference numeral 48 denotes a regulating valve for regulating the supply amount of combustion air. Numeral 62 denotes a barrier screen which collides the combustion air injected from the air supply nozzle 44 with the secondary combustion chamber to generate turbulence, shock waves, etc., thereby improving the mixing property between the combustion gas, the carbonized gas and the combustion air. Things.
【0048】図4 (b)において,燃焼ガス,乾留ガスは
図面に垂直な方向に移動する。給気ノズル44は乾留ガ
スの進む方向に傾斜させる。単列または複数列の給気管
45に多数の給気ノズルを設ける。また,二次燃焼室の
中央部に障壁衝立62を設け,給気ノズル44から噴射
される空気を衝突させ,乱流もしくは衝撃波を発生さ
せ,乾留ガス,燃焼ガスとの混合性を良くする。In FIG. 4B, the combustion gas and the carbonization gas move in a direction perpendicular to the drawing. The air supply nozzle 44 is inclined in the direction in which the carbonization gas proceeds. A single row or a plurality of rows of air supply pipes 45 are provided with a number of air supply nozzles. In addition, a barrier screen 62 is provided at the center of the secondary combustion chamber to collide the air injected from the air supply nozzle 44 to generate a turbulent flow or a shock wave, thereby improving the mixing property with the carbonization gas and the combustion gas.
【0049】二次燃焼室の乾留ガス,排気ガスの通過す
る煙道は図示のように壁を耐火炉材で構成し,断熱的に
保護するようにする。図5は焼却炉内で乾留ガスを生成
する域と乾留ガスを燃焼させる域とをより良く区分させ
る他の実施例を示す。図中の符号は図2に対応してお
り,符号100はガス化誘導襞を表している。The flue of the secondary combustion chamber, through which the carbonized gas and exhaust gas pass, has a wall made of a refractory furnace material as shown in the figure to protect it insulated. FIG. 5 shows another embodiment in which the region where the carbonized gas is generated and the region where the carbonized gas is burned in the incinerator are better separated. Reference numerals in the figure correspond to those in FIG. 2, and reference numeral 100 represents a gasification-inducing fold.
【0050】上述の焼却炉において,図1に示す焼却層
16や乾留層17と,焼却室内部上方で乾留ガスが燃焼
される燃焼域との区分は処理物の性状や空気との混合割
合や処理物の堆積量などで多少変動するものであり,上
記区分を確定しておく必要はないものである。しかし,
乾留ガスの生成をより良くうながしかつ非所望な形で処
理物が直接燃え上がることをより良く防止するために,
図5に示すガス化誘導襞100をもうけることができ
る。In the above-described incinerator, the division between the incineration layer 16 and the dry distillation bed 17 shown in FIG. 1 and the combustion zone where the dry distillation gas is burned in the upper part of the incineration chamber depends on the properties of the treated material, the mixing ratio with air, and the like. Since the amount slightly varies depending on the accumulation amount of the processed material, it is not necessary to determine the above classification. However,
In order to better promote the formation of the carbonized gas and to better prevent the treated material from burning directly in undesired forms,
The gasification-inducing fold 100 shown in FIG. 5 can be provided.
【0051】ガス化誘導襞100は炉内の全周に連なる
ように配設される。そして,当該ガス化誘導襞100に
は給気管40から給気ノズルを介して空気が噴出され
る。このような構成をもつガス化誘導襞100をもうけ
ることにより,堆積層の側面から上昇してくる乾留ガス
は,炉の中央部に集合され,堆積層の上面から上昇して
くる乾留ガスと混合されて,焼却室内部上方で燃焼され
る。この結果,乾留ガスの濃度はより良く平均化され,
炎は炉内で規制された方向に流れつつ燃焼される。即
ち,炎が炉内に分散してしまい処理物全体が燃え上がる
ことがなくなる。The gasification guide fold 100 is disposed so as to be continuous with the entire circumference in the furnace. Then, air is ejected from the air supply pipe 40 to the gasification induction fold 100 via the air supply nozzle. By forming the gasification-inducing fold 100 having such a configuration, the carbonized gas rising from the side surface of the sedimentary layer is collected at the center of the furnace and mixed with the carbonized gas rising from the upper surface of the sedimentary layer. Then, it is burned in the upper part of the incineration chamber. As a result, the concentration of the carbonized gas is better averaged,
The flame is burned while flowing in a regulated direction in the furnace. That is, the flame does not disperse in the furnace and the whole processed material does not burn up.
【0052】なお,上記において,被焼却堆積物の上に
耐火性の材料の板状体に多数の孔を設けたものを配置
し,被焼却堆積物が炎を上げて燃え上がることを防ぐと
ともに被焼却堆積物が確実に乾留させるようにしても良
い。In the above, a plate having a number of holes formed in a plate made of a refractory material is disposed on the incinerated sediment to prevent the incinerated sediment from burning up due to a flame and to be covered. The incinerated sediment may be surely carbonized.
【0053】[0053]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば,廃棄物を乾留して焼却
させる方式の焼却炉を比較的簡単に構成することができ
る。本発明の焼却炉は廃棄物を直接燃焼させないので遊
離カーボン等の煤煙を大量に発生することがない。ま
た,乾留ガスは焼却室で燃焼され,かつ二次燃焼室で効
率的に空気と混合されて乾留ガスを完全燃焼されるの
で,有害ガスの排出を極度に少なくすることができる。
また,空気の供給ノズルの向きを選定するだけで焼却室
に回転空気流を形成でき,廃棄物を完全燃焼させること
ができる。According to the present invention, an incinerator of the type in which waste is carbonized by incineration can be constructed relatively easily. Since the incinerator of the present invention does not directly burn waste, it does not generate a large amount of soot such as free carbon. Further, since the carbonized gas is burned in the incineration chamber and efficiently mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to completely burn the carbonized gas, the emission of harmful gases can be extremely reduced.
Also, by simply selecting the direction of the air supply nozzle, a rotating air flow can be formed in the incineration chamber, and the waste can be completely burned.
【図1】本発明の基本構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の実施例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図3】本発明の燃焼空気供給方法の実施例を示す図で
ある。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a combustion air supply method according to the present invention.
【図4】本発明の炉床給気ノズルおよび二次燃焼室の実
施例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a view showing an embodiment of a hearth supply nozzle and a secondary combustion chamber of the present invention.
【図5】乾留ガスを生成する域をより確実にする本発明
の他の実施例である。FIG. 5 is another embodiment of the present invention in which a region where a carbonization gas is generated is further ensured.
1:焼却炉本体 2:投入口 3:灰出口 4:二次燃焼室 5:給気部 6:給気孔(給気ノズル) 7:給気孔(給気ノズル) 8:排気部 9:蓋部 10:蓋部 15:廃棄物(被焼却堆積物) 16:焼却層 17:乾留層 100:ガス化誘導襞 1: incinerator body 2: inlet 3: ash outlet 4: secondary combustion chamber 5: air supply section 6: air supply hole (air supply nozzle) 7: air supply hole (air supply nozzle) 8: exhaust section 9: lid 10: Lid 15: Waste (incinerated sediment) 16: Incineration layer 17: Dry distillation layer 100: Gasification induced fold
Claims (3)
(1) と,該焼却炉本体(1) 内に上記廃棄物を堆積する焼
却室(1')と, 該焼却室(1')に空気を供給する給気部(5)
と,該焼却室(1')で燃焼されたガスを更に燃焼せしめる
二次燃焼室(4)と,燃焼ガスを排気する排気部(8) と, 焼却炉本体(1) の上記廃棄物堆積部に給気部(5) から供
給される空気を流す給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )と該
給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )に連通して焼却室(1')お
よび二次燃焼室(4) に該空気を給気する給気ノズル(6),
(6'),(6") ,(7) とを備え, 該二次燃焼室(4) は,その周壁に給気ノズル(7) を設け
ると共に,給気ノズル(7) から送りだされる空気流を衝
突させて該空気と焼却室(1')から二次燃焼室(4) に流入
するガスとを混合する障壁衝立とを備え, 焼却開始時に焼却室(1')の内部で上記廃棄物の上部表面
付近を燃焼させ,該燃焼発生後は該燃焼による燃焼熱に
よりその下の廃棄物を乾留し,乾留されたガスを燃焼さ
せつつ上記焼却室(1')の廃棄物を逐次乾留し,該給気ノ
ズル(6),(6'),(6") ,(7) からの給気により上記焼却室
(1')における燃焼状態を調整しながら乾留された廃棄物
を焼却し, 二次燃焼室(4) は,該給気ノズル(7) から送りだされる
空気流を衝突させて該空気と焼却室(1')から二次燃焼室
(4) に流入するガスとを混合することを 特徴とする焼却
炉。1. Incinerator body for storing waste to be incinerated
(1), an incinerator (1 ') for accumulating the waste in the incinerator body (1), and an air supply (5) for supplying air to the incinerator (1').
And a secondary combustion chamber (4) for further burning the gas burned in the incinerator (1 '), an exhaust part (8) for exhausting the combustion gas, and the above-mentioned waste accumulation in the incinerator body (1). Supplied from the air supply section (5).
Air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5"')
Connect to the air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5''') and incinerate (1 ')
And an air supply nozzle (6) for supplying the air to the secondary combustion chamber (4),
(6 '), (6 ") and (7), and the secondary combustion chamber (4) is provided with an air supply nozzle (7) on its peripheral wall.
And the air flow sent out from the air supply nozzle (7)
Into the secondary combustion chamber (4) from the air and the incineration chamber (1 ')
A barrier screen that mixes the waste gas and the upper surface of the waste inside the incinerator (1 ') at the beginning of incineration.
Combustion in the vicinity, and after the occurrence of the combustion,
The remaining waste is carbonized, and the carbonized gas is burned.
While incinerating the waste in the incinerator (1 ')
The above-mentioned incineration chamber is supplied by air from slurs (6), (6 '), (6 ") and (7).
Waste that was carbonized while adjusting the combustion state in (1 ')
And the secondary combustion chamber (4) is sent out from the air supply nozzle (7)
The air stream collides with the air and the incineration chamber (1 ') to cause the secondary combustion chamber
(4) An incinerator characterized by mixing with the gas flowing into the incinerator.
(1) と,該焼却炉本体(1) 内に上記廃棄物を堆積する焼
却室(1')と, 該焼却室(1')に空気を供給する給気部(5)
と,該焼却室(1')で燃焼されたガスを更に燃焼せしめる
二次燃焼室(4)と,燃焼ガスを排気する排気部(8) と, 焼却炉本体(1) の上記廃棄物堆積部に給気部(5) から供
給される空気を流す給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )と該
給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )に連通して焼却室(1')お
よび二次燃焼室(4) に該空気を給気する給気ノズル(6),
(6'),(6") ,(7) とを備え, 焼却開始時に焼却室(1')の内部で上記廃棄物の上部表面
付近を燃焼させ,該燃 焼発生後は該燃焼による燃焼熱に
よりその下の廃棄物を乾留し,乾留されたガスを燃焼さ
せつつ上記焼却室(1')の廃棄物を逐次乾留し, 焼却室(1')に給気する該給気ノズル(6),(6'),(6") ,
(7) からのノズルの空気放出方向を選定することにより
上記焼却室(1')の燃焼状態を調整し,乾留された廃棄物
を焼却させることを 特徴とする焼却炉。2. An incinerator main body for storing waste to be incinerated.
(1) and the incinerator that accumulates the waste in the incinerator body (1).
Air supply section (5) for supplying air to the incineration chamber (1 ') and the incineration chamber (1')
And further burn the gas burned in the incinerator (1 ')
The secondary combustion chamber (4), the exhaust section (8) for exhausting the combustion gas, and the waste accumulation section of the incinerator body (1) are supplied from the air supply section (5).
Air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5"')
Connect to the air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5''') and incinerate (1 ')
And an air supply nozzle (6) for supplying the air to the secondary combustion chamber (4),
(6 '), (6 "), and (7), and the upper surface of the waste is disposed inside the incinerator (1') at the start of incineration.
Combustion in the vicinity, and after the occurrence of the combustion,
The remaining waste is carbonized, and the carbonized gas is burned.
The air supply nozzles (6), (6 '), (6 "), which sequentially carbonize the waste in the incineration chamber (1') and supply air to the incineration chamber (1 '),
(7) By selecting the direction of nozzle air release from
The combustion condition of the incinerator (1 ') was adjusted, and the carbonized waste
An incinerator characterized by incineration of ash.
と,該焼却炉本体(1) 内に上記廃棄物を堆積する焼却室
(1')と, 該焼却室(1')に空気を供給する給気部(5) と,
該焼却室(1')で燃焼されたガスを更に燃焼せしめる二次
燃焼室(4) と,燃焼ガスを排気する排気部(8) と, 焼却炉本体(1) の上記廃棄物堆積部に給気部(5) から供
給される空気を流す給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )と該
給気管(5’) ,(5”) ,(5''' )に連通して焼却室(1')お
よび二次燃焼室(4) に該空気を給気する給気ノズル(6),
(6'),(6") ,(7) と, 炉床に設けられた給気ノズル(6) は,先端部にノズルを
保護するキャップを備え,該キャップは給気管(5')から
供給される空気を該給気ノズル(6) から該キャップの内
壁にある該キャップと炉床との隙間より焼却炉本体(1)
内に導くものであり, 焼却開始時に焼却室(1')の内部で上記廃棄物の上部表面
付近を燃焼させ,該燃焼発生後は該燃焼による燃焼熱に
よりその下の廃棄物を乾留し,乾留されたガスを燃焼さ
せつつ上記焼却室(1')の廃棄物を逐次乾留し,乾留され
た廃棄物を焼却させることを 特徴とする焼却炉。3. An incinerator body for storing waste to be incinerated (1).
And an incinerator for depositing the waste in the incinerator body (1)
(1 '), an air supply unit (5) for supplying air to the incinerator (1'),
A secondary that further burns the gas burned in the incinerator (1 ')
The combustion chamber (4), the exhaust section (8) for exhausting the combustion gas, and the waste accumulation section of the incinerator body (1) are supplied from the air supply section (5).
Air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5"')
Connect to the air supply pipes (5 '), (5 "), (5''') and incinerate (1 ')
And an air supply nozzle (6) for supplying the air to the secondary combustion chamber (4),
(6 '), (6 "), (7) and the air supply nozzle (6) provided in the hearth have a nozzle at the tip.
Equipped with a protective cap, which is connected to the air supply pipe (5 ')
The supplied air flows from the air supply nozzle (6) into the cap.
From the gap between the cap and the hearth on the wall, the incinerator body (1)
Inside the incinerator (1 ') at the beginning of incineration
Combustion in the vicinity, and after the occurrence of the combustion,
The remaining waste is carbonized, and the carbonized gas is burned.
The waste in the incinerator (1 ') is successively carbonized while being carbonized.
An incinerator characterized by incinerating waste materials .
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05239619A JP3130414B2 (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1993-09-27 | Incinerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05239619A JP3130414B2 (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1993-09-27 | Incinerator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0791627A JPH0791627A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
JP3130414B2 true JP3130414B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
Family
ID=17047429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP05239619A Expired - Lifetime JP3130414B2 (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1993-09-27 | Incinerator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3130414B2 (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-09-27 JP JP05239619A patent/JP3130414B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0791627A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
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