JP3123360B2 - Rubber plug - Google Patents
Rubber plugInfo
- Publication number
- JP3123360B2 JP3123360B2 JP06221603A JP22160394A JP3123360B2 JP 3123360 B2 JP3123360 B2 JP 3123360B2 JP 06221603 A JP06221603 A JP 06221603A JP 22160394 A JP22160394 A JP 22160394A JP 3123360 B2 JP3123360 B2 JP 3123360B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- acid amide
- plug
- fatty acid
- rubber plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】 本発明は、ゴム製プラグに関す
る。例えば、リアフェンダー１１とトランクサイドパネ
ル１３とで、自動車トランクの側底部に構成される凹部
１５の、前記トランクサイドパネル１３に取り付けられ
る水抜き孔１７に組み付けられる（嵌着される）ゴム製
プラグ１９等に適用できるものである（図１参照）。The present invention relates to a rubber plug. For example, a rubber plug that is fitted (fitted) to the drain hole 17 attached to the trunk side panel 13 in the recess 15 formed in the side bottom of the automobile trunk by the rear fender 11 and the trunk side panel 13. 19 (see FIG. 1).
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】上記種類のゴム製プラグ１９の一例とし
て、図１に示すような構成のものがある。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 1 shows an example of a rubber plug 19 of the type described above.
【０００３】即ち、挿入面２１となる先細りテーパ面を
備えた扁平筒部２３の先端が板状部２５で閉じられてい
るとともに、前記扁平筒部２３の元部外側に孔縁係止溝
部２７を介して係止リップ部２９が形成されている。That is, the tip of a flat cylindrical portion 23 having a tapered tapered surface serving as an insertion surface 21 is closed by a plate-like portion 25, and a hole locking groove 27 is formed outside the base of the flat cylindrical portion 23. The locking lip portion 29 is formed through the.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記構成のも
のは、一般的に、プラグを嵌着孔に組み付けるに際し
て、嵌着孔への挿入荷重が大きいとともに、組み付け完
了ストロークが長く、さらには、組み付け完了感（嵌着
節度感：嵌着完了前後の荷重変化の差に依存する）に欠
けるという問題点があった。However, the above-mentioned structure generally requires a large insertion load into the fitting hole and a long assembling completion stroke when assembling the plug into the fitting hole. There is a problem that the feeling of assembling completeness (feeling of fitting degree: depends on the difference in load change before and after the fitting is completed) is lacking.
【０００５】本発明は、上記にかんがみて、嵌着孔への
挿入荷重を低減することができるとともに、組み付け完
了ストロークが短くなり、さらには、嵌着節度感も向上
するゴム製プラグを提供することを目的とする。[0005] In view of the above, the present invention provides a rubber plug that can reduce the insertion load into the fitting hole, shorten the assembling completion stroke, and further improve the fit feeling. The purpose is to.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記課題
を解決するために、鋭意開発に努力をする過程で、特定
の滑剤を配合し、さらに、挿入面を粗面化することによ
り、挿入荷重を低減させることができるとともに、組み
付け完了ストロークが短くなり、さらには、嵌着節度感
も向上することを知見して、下記構成のゴム製プラグに
想到した。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have formulated a specific lubricant in the course of diligent development efforts and further roughened the insertion surface. The present inventors have found that the insertion load can be reduced, the assembling completion stroke is shortened, and further, the feeling of fitting is improved.
【０００７】 挿入面となる先細りテーパ面を備えた扁
平筒部の先端が板状部で閉じられているとともに、扁平
筒部の元部外側に孔縁係止溝部を介して係止リップ部が
形成されてなる構成のゴム製プラグにおいて、該ゴム製
プラグが、高級脂肪酸アミド１．８〜８ phrを配合した
ゴム配合物の加硫成形物であり、少なくとも前記挿入面
の表面粗度（Ｒｚ）が８〜５０μｍであることを特徴と
する。[0007] The distal end of the flat cylindrical portion provided with a tapered tapered surface serving as an insertion surface is closed by a plate-like portion, and a locking lip portion is provided outside the base of the flat cylindrical portion via a hole edge locking groove. In a rubber plug having a configuration formed, the rubber plug is a vulcanized molded product of a rubber compound containing 1.8 to 8 phr of a higher fatty acid amide, and has at least a surface roughness (Rz) of the insertion surface. ) Is 8 to 50 μm .
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて詳細に説明
をする。既述例と同一部分については、同一図符号を付
すと共に、それらの説明の全部または一部を省略する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments. The same parts as those in the above-described example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and all or part of the description thereof will be omitted.
【０００９】(1) 本実施例のプラグの形状は、従来と同
様、挿入面２１となる先細りテーパ面を備えた扁平筒部
２３の先端が板状部２５で閉じられているとともに、扁
平筒部２３の元部外側に孔縁係止溝部２７を介して係止
リップ部２９が形成されている。(1) The shape of the plug according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the prior art. The tip of a flat cylindrical portion 23 having a tapered tapered surface serving as an insertion surface 21 is closed by a plate-like portion 25, and A locking lip portion 29 is formed outside the base portion of the portion 23 via a hole locking groove portion 27.
【００１０】(2) そして、上記構成において、ゴム製プ
ラグが、高級脂肪酸アミド１．８〜８ｐｈｒ（望ましく
は２．３〜５ｐｈｒ）を配合したゴム配合物の加硫成形
物であることを、第１の特徴的構成とする。(2) In the above structure, the rubber plug is a vulcanized molded product of a rubber compound containing 1.8 to 8 phr (preferably 2.3 to 5 phr) of a higher fatty acid amide. This is the first characteristic configuration.
【００１１】 上記において、高級脂肪酸アミドの配合
量が過少では、本発明の効果「プラグ挿入荷重の低減」
を奏し難く、過多となると、それ以上の効果の増大を余
り期待できないばかりでなく、コストが嵩むとともに、
ブルームが発生し易く意匠上の見地から望ましくない。In the above, the amount of the higher fatty acid amide is too small, "reduction of plug insertion load" effect of the present invention
Is difficult to achieve, and if it is excessive, not only is it not possible to expect a further increase in the effect, but also the cost increases,
Bloom tends to occur, which is not desirable from a design point of view.
【００１２】高級脂肪酸アミドとしては、汎用の炭素数
６〜２２の飽和・不飽和脂肪酸を使用できる。具体的に
は、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン
酸、パルミチン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、ステアリ
ン酸、ペヘン酸、エルカ酸、２−エチルヘキサノイック
酸、イソステアリン酸等の脂肪酸アミドを挙げることが
でき、それらは、２種以上を併用して使用することも可
能である。As the higher fatty acid amide, general-purpose saturated / unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms can be used. Specifically, fatty acid amides such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, pehenic acid, erucic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isostearic acid, etc. They can be used in combination of two or more.
【００１３】これらの内で、融点が相対的に低いもの
（７０〜１００℃）が望ましく、原料ゴムをＮＲ（ＳＰ
値：８．１）としたとき、オレイン酸アミド（ＳＰ値：
９．９、融点：７２℃）、パルミチン酸アミド（ＳＰ
値：９．４、融点：１００℃）等の、ＳＰ値の差が約１
〜３（さらに望ましくは、１．５〜２）の範囲のものが
望ましい。ＳＰ値が近過ぎると、相溶性が良好過ぎて表
面に脂肪酸アミドが移行し難く脂肪酸アミドの、ＳＰ値
が離れ過ぎると、脂肪酸アミドと原料ポリマーとの混和
性に問題が発生し易くなる。Of these, those having a relatively low melting point (70 to 100 ° C.) are desirable.
Value: 8.1), oleic acid amide (SP value:
9.9, melting point: 72 ° C), palmitic amide (SP
Value: 9.4, melting point: 100 ° C.).
To 3 (more desirably, 1.5 to 2). If the SP value is too close, the compatibility is too good and the fatty acid amide hardly migrates to the surface, and if the SP value of the fatty acid amide is too far, a problem tends to occur in the miscibility between the fatty acid amide and the raw material polymer.
【００１４】ゴム配合物の原料ゴムとしては、天然ゴム
及び各種合成ゴムを使用可能である。具体的には、天然
ゴム（ＮＲ）、イソプレンゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴ
ム、ブチルゴム、ハロゲン化ブチルゴム、クロロプレン
ゴム、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴム、エチレンプロ
ピレンゴム、等を挙げることができ、それらは、２種以
上をブレンドまたはポリ塩化ビニル（ＰＶＣ）等の樹脂
とブレンドして使用することも可能である。As the raw material rubber for the rubber compound, natural rubber and various synthetic rubbers can be used. Specific examples include natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and the like. Alternatively, it can be used by blending with a resin such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
【００１５】上記において、原料ゴムには、上記脂肪酸
アミドの他に、通常のゴム配合処方で配合される他の副
資材、例えば、亜鉛華、カーボンブラック、プロセスオ
イル、加硫系薬剤（硫黄、促進剤）、フィラー等を適宜
配合して、成形材料とする。In the above, in addition to the above-mentioned fatty acid amide, other auxiliary materials compounded by a usual rubber compounding formula, such as zinc white, carbon black, process oil, vulcanizing agents (sulfur, An accelerator), a filler and the like are appropriately blended to form a molding material.
【００１６】そして、当該成形材料を使用して、本発明
のプラグをトランスファー・射出等により型成形する。Then, using the molding material, the plug of the present invention is molded by transfer, injection or the like.
【００１７】(3) 上記構成において、本実施例では、少
なくとも挿入面２１の表面粗度（Ｒｚ）が８μｍ以上
（望ましくは９μｍ以上）であることを第２の特徴的構
成とする。(3) In the above embodiment, a second characteristic configuration of the present embodiment is that at least the surface roughness (Rz) of the insertion surface 21 is 8 μm or more (preferably 9 μm or more).
【００１８】ここで、表面粗度が（Ｒｚ）が８μｍ未満
では、本発明の挿入荷重低減効果を奏しがたい。表面粗
度の上限は特に限定されないが、金型附形面との関係か
ら、通常、５０μｍが上限である。Here, when the surface roughness (Rz) is less than 8 μm, the effect of reducing the insertion load of the present invention is hardly exhibited. Although the upper limit of the surface roughness is not particularly limited, the upper limit is usually 50 μm from the relation with the die-formed surface.
【００１９】 挿入面２１の粗面化は、通常、金型附形
面を梨地加工しておくことにより行う。挿入面２１、例
えば、板状部２５も粗面化してもよいが、シール点とな
る部位は、係止リップ部２９の先端や、孔縁係止溝部２
７の下段外周縁は、粗面化することは望ましくない。The roughening of the insertion surface 21 is usually carried out by previously satin finish mold Supplementary form surface. Insertion surface 21, for example, may be also roughened plate portion 25, portion which becomes the sealing point, and end of the engagement lip 29, the hole edge locking groove 2
It is not desirable to roughen the outer peripheral edge of the lower stage 7.
【００２０】 本発明のゴム製プラグは、高級脂肪酸ア
ミド１．８〜８ｐｈｒが配合されたゴム配合物の加硫成
形物であり、少なくとも前記挿入面の表面粗度（Ｒｚ）
が８〜５０μｍである構成により、後述の試験例で示す
如く、プラグの嵌着孔への挿入荷重を低減することがで
きるとともに、組み付けストロークも短くなり、プラグ
の嵌着節度感も得ることができる。The rubber plug of the present invention is a vulcanized molded product of a rubber compound containing 1.8 to 8 phr of a higher fatty acid amide, and has at least a surface roughness (Rz) of the insertion surface.
Is 8 to 50 μm , as shown in a test example described later, the insertion load of the plug into the fitting hole can be reduced, the assembling stroke can be shortened, and a feeling of fitting of the plug can be obtained. it can.
【００２１】その理由は断定できないが、高級脂肪酸ア
ミドのプラグ挿入面への移行により、摩擦係数が減じる
とともに、プラグ挿入面を粗面化することにより、嵌着
孔周縁に対する接触面積が相対的に小さくなり摺動抵抗
が減じるためである。Although the reason cannot be determined, the transfer of the higher fatty acid amide to the plug insertion surface reduces the friction coefficient, and the plug insertion surface is roughened, so that the contact area with the periphery of the fitting hole becomes relatively small. This is because the sliding resistance decreases and the sliding resistance decreases.
【００２２】[0022]
【試験例】以下、本発明の効果を確認するために行った
従来例・実施例・比較例について、説明をする。なお、
表面粗度（Ｒｚ）は、いずれも十点平均粗度である。Test Examples Hereinafter, conventional examples, examples, and comparative examples performed to confirm the effects of the present invention will be described. In addition,
The surface roughness (Rz) is a ten-point average roughness.
【００２３】(1) 製品試験：表１に示す配合処方のゴム
配合物を使用して、図２に示す形状寸法のプラグをトラ
ンスファー成形（加硫条件：１６０℃×２min ）した。
このとき、プラグの挿入面の表面粗度（Ｒｚ）が、従来
品が２．９μｍ、実施例品が１１．６μｍとなるように
した。(1) Product test: Plugs having the shape and dimensions shown in FIG. 2 were transfer-molded (vulcanization conditions: 160 ° C. × 2 min) using the rubber compound having the compounding formula shown in Table 1.
At this time, the surface roughness (Rz) of the plug insertion surface was set to 2.9 μm for the conventional product and 11.6 μm for the example product.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２５】そして、各プラグを、２mmｔ板金嵌着孔
（４５mmφ）に組み付けて、その場合の、挿入荷重
（Ｎ）、挿入ストローク（mm）、及び節度感を判定し
た。Each plug was assembled in a 2 mmt sheet metal fitting hole (45 mmφ), and the insertion load (N), insertion stroke (mm), and sense of moderation in that case were determined.
【００２６】それらの結果を示す表２の結果から、本発
明の実施例品は、従来品に比して格段に、挿入荷重が低
減するとともに、組み付けストロークも短くなり、プラ
グの嵌着節度感も良好であることが分かる。From the results shown in Table 2 showing the results, the product of the embodiment of the present invention has a remarkably reduced insertion load and a shorter assembling stroke than the conventional product, and the plug has a feeling of fitting. Is also good.
【００２７】[0027]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２８】(2) 間接試験：摺動試験は、各配合ゴムか
らゴムシート（１５０mm□×２mmｔ）を圧縮加硫成形
（１６０℃×１０min ）し、各ゴムシート上に、錘を載
せた時計ざら（総重量２００ｇ）を置いて２００mm／mi
n の速度で引っ張ったときの、摺動抵抗値（Ｎ）を測定
して行った。なお、無添加の場合の摺動抵抗値は、１１
Ｎであった。(2) Indirect test: In the sliding test, a rubber sheet (150 mm □ × 2 mmt) was compression-vulcanized (160 ° C. × 10 min) from each compounded rubber, and a weight was placed on each rubber sheet. 200mm / mi with coarse (200g total weight)
The sliding resistance value (N) was measured by pulling at a speed of n. The sliding resistance value in the case of no addition is 11
N.
【００２９】また、ブルーム試験は、室温×１週間及び
４０℃×１週間放置後の各試験片について、ブルームの
有無について指触観察して行なった。The Bloom test was conducted by observing the presence or absence of bloom on each test piece left at room temperature × 1 week and at 40 ° C. × 1 week.
【００３０】滑剤と摺動抵抗との関係：表１に示す実
施例の配合処方において、滑剤の種類を表３に示す如く
変えたゴム配合物から得た各試験片（表面粗度２．９μ
ｍ）について摺動試験を行った。Relationship between lubricant and sliding resistance: Each test piece (with a surface roughness of 2.9 μm) obtained from a rubber compound in which the kind of lubricant was changed as shown in Table 3 in the compounding recipe of the example shown in Table 1
m) was subjected to a sliding test.
【００３１】それらの結果を示す表３から、本発明の構
成要件である高級脂肪酸アミドを使用する試験例２・３
は、他の滑剤を使用した試験例１・４に比して比して格
段に、摺動抵抗値が小さいことが分かる。From Table 3 showing the results, Test Examples 2 and 3 using the higher fatty acid amide, which is a component of the present invention, are shown.
Shows that the sliding resistance value is remarkably smaller than that of Test Examples 1 and 4 using other lubricants.
【００３２】[0032]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３３】表面粗度と摺動抵抗の関係：表１に示す
実施例の配合処方において、表面粗度を表４に示す如く
変えて得た各試験片について摺動試験を行った。Relationship between Surface Roughness and Sliding Resistance: A sliding test was performed on each test piece obtained by changing the surface roughness as shown in Table 4 in the formulation of the example shown in Table 1.
【００３４】それらの結果を示す表４から、表面粗度が
本発明の数値限定範囲内である試験例６・７は、表面粗
度が本発明の数値範囲より小さい試験例２・５に比して
格段に、摺動抵抗値が小さいことが分かる。From Table 4 showing the results, Test Examples 6 and 7 in which the surface roughness is within the numerical range of the present invention are compared with Test Examples 2.5 in which the surface roughness is smaller than the numerical range of the present invention. Thus, it can be seen that the sliding resistance value is remarkably small.
【００３５】[0035]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００３６】脂肪酸アミドの配合量と摺動抵抗との関
係：表１に示す実施例の配合処方において、高級脂肪酸
アミド（オレイン酸アミド）の配合量を変えたゴム配合
物から得た試験片（表面粗度：９．７μｍ）について摺
動試験を行った。Relationship between blending amount of fatty acid amide and sliding resistance: A test piece obtained from a rubber compound in which the blending amount of higher fatty acid amide (oleic acid amide) was changed in the compounding recipe of the example shown in Table 1. A sliding test was performed on the surface roughness (9.7 μm).
【００３７】それらの結果を示す表５から、高級脂肪酸
アミド配合量が本発明の数値限定範囲内である試験例６
・１０・１１は、配合量が本発明の数値範囲より小さい
試験例８・９に比して、格段に、摺動抵抗が小さいこと
が分かる。また、高級脂肪酸アミド配合量が本発明の数
値限定範囲を越える試験例１２は、ブルーム現象が見ら
れた。From Table 5 showing the results, Test Example 6 in which the amount of the higher fatty acid amide was within the numerical limit of the present invention.
It can be seen that the sliding resistance of 10 · 11 is much smaller than that of Test Examples 8 and 9 in which the blending amount is smaller than the numerical range of the present invention. Further, in Test Example 12 in which the blending amount of the higher fatty acid amide exceeds the numerical limitation range of the present invention, a bloom phenomenon was observed.
【００３８】[0038]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【図１】本発明を適用するゴム製プラグの装着態様断面
図FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a mounting mode of a rubber plug to which the present invention is applied.
【図２】本発明の試験例に用いたゴム製プラグの寸法図FIG. 2 is a dimensional diagram of a rubber plug used in a test example of the present invention.
１９ ゴム製プラグ ２１ 挿入面 ２３ 扁平筒部 ２５ 板状部 ２７ 孔縁係止溝部 ２９ 係止リップ部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 Rubber plug 21 Insertion surface 23 Flat cylindrical part 25 Plate-like part 27 Hole edge locking groove part 29 Locking lip part
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭62−163873（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−275353（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭60−171438（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F16J 12/00 - 3/24 C08K 5/20 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-163873 (JP, A) JP-A-4-275353 (JP, A) JP-A-60-171438 (JP, U) (58) Survey Field (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) F16J 12/00-3/24 C08K 5/20
Claims (2)
平筒部の先端が板状部で閉じられているとともに、前記
扁平筒部の元部外側に孔縁係止溝部を介して係止リップ
部が形成されてなる構成のゴム製プラグにおいて、 該ゴム製プラグが、高級脂肪酸アミド１．８〜８ phrを
配合したゴム配合物の加硫成形物であり、少なくとも前
記挿入面の表面粗度（Ｒｚ）が８〜５０μｍであること
を特徴とするゴム製プラグ。An end of a flat cylindrical portion provided with a tapered tapered surface serving as an insertion surface is closed by a plate-shaped portion, and is locked to the outside of the base of the flat cylindrical portion via a hole locking groove. A rubber plug having a lip portion formed therein, wherein the rubber plug is a vulcanized molded product of a rubber compound containing 1.8 to 8 phr of a higher fatty acid amide, and at least a surface roughness of the insertion surface. A rubber plug having a degree (Rz) of 8 to 50 μm .
ムポリマーが天然ゴムであり、高級脂肪酸アミドがオレ
イン酸アミドであることを特徴とするゴム製プラグ。2. The rubber plug according to claim 1, wherein the rubber polymer of the rubber compound is natural rubber, and the higher fatty acid amide is oleic acid amide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP06221603A JP3123360B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Rubber plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP06221603A JP3123360B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Rubber plug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0886359A JPH0886359A (en) | 1996-04-02 |
| JP3123360B2 true JP3123360B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
Family
ID=16769353
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP06221603A Expired - Fee Related JP3123360B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Rubber plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3123360B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005348516A (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-15 | Nidec Copal Corp | Motor holder and vibrating motor assembly |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4940519B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2012-05-30 | Ｎｏｋ株式会社 | Rubber seal parts |
| JP2011094676A (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-12 | Nippon Pop Rivets & Fasteners Ltd | Hole cover |
| JP6346416B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2018-06-20 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | plug |
-
1994
- 1994-09-16 JP JP06221603A patent/JP3123360B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005348516A (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-15 | Nidec Copal Corp | Motor holder and vibrating motor assembly |
| JP4651973B2 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2011-03-16 | 日本電産コパル株式会社 | Motor holder and vibration motor assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0886359A (en) | 1996-04-02 |
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