JP3121722B2 - Solid-liquid separation device and method of using the same - Google Patents
Solid-liquid separation device and method of using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP3121722B2 JP3121722B2 JP06131715A JP13171594A JP3121722B2 JP 3121722 B2 JP3121722 B2 JP 3121722B2 JP 06131715 A JP06131715 A JP 06131715A JP 13171594 A JP13171594 A JP 13171594A JP 3121722 B2 JP3121722 B2 JP 3121722B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solid
- liquid
- particles
- liquid separation
- separation device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、液体中で化学反応を行
う化学プロセスや生物反応プロセス(例えば流動層式生
物反応槽、微生物担体添加生物反応槽など)において、
反応槽から流出する液体の固液分離を行う装置およびそ
の使用方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chemical reaction or a biological reaction process in which a chemical reaction is carried out in a liquid (for example, a fluidized bed biological reactor, a biological reactor with a microorganism carrier added, etc.)
The present invention relates to an apparatus for performing solid-liquid separation of a liquid flowing out of a reaction tank and a method of using the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】反応槽の内部で触媒等を担持させた固体
粒子と液体を混合させて液相反応を起こさせた場合に
は、反応終了後に固体粒子を液体から分離する必要があ
る。その場合、反応槽から固体粒子を含む液体を取り出
して固体粒子径より小さい目開きのスクリーンによる固
液分離を行ったり、固体粒子と液体との比重差を利用し
た浮上/沈降による固液分離を行うのが普通である。し
かしこの場合には、分離した固体粒子を再度反応槽に戻
して反応を継続させる必要があり、反応系が複雑にな
る。2. Description of the Related Art When a liquid phase reaction is caused by mixing a solid particle carrying a catalyst or the like and a liquid inside a reaction tank, it is necessary to separate the solid particle from the liquid after the reaction. In that case, the liquid containing solid particles is taken out of the reaction tank and solid-liquid separation is performed by a screen having an aperture smaller than the solid particle diameter, or solid-liquid separation is performed by floating / sedimentation using the specific gravity difference between the solid particles and the liquid. It is usually done. However, in this case, it is necessary to return the separated solid particles to the reaction tank again to continue the reaction, which complicates the reaction system.
【0003】そこで一つの解決法として、図2に示すよ
うに反応槽11内に定置式のスクリーン12を設置して固体
粒子を含む液体を通過させ、反応槽11内において固体粒
子の分離を行う工夫がなされてきた。しかしこの方法
は、スクリーン12の開孔部に固体粒子の破片や液体中の
不純物が詰まって閉塞し、反応を中断してスクリーン12
を清掃する必要があるので、連続反応を行う場合に大き
な問題となっている。As one solution, as shown in FIG. 2, a stationary screen 12 is installed in a reaction tank 11 to allow a liquid containing solid particles to pass therethrough, and the solid particles are separated in the reaction tank 11. Ingenuity has been devised. However, in this method, the openings of the screen 12 are clogged with solid particle debris or impurities in the liquid and clogged.
Is a major problem when performing a continuous reaction.
【0004】また図3に示すように、反応槽11の流出部
に上昇流路13を形成してその内部の上昇流速を液体中で
の固体粒子の沈降速度よりも小さくしておき、液体と固
体粒子との比重差を利用して固液分離を行う方法もあ
る。しかし固体粒子は攪拌等によって液体中にほぼ均一
に分散させる必要があるため、その比重は液体の比重に
近いものが選定されるのが普通である。このため、反応
液の流出量が変化する場合や、反応槽が大きくなる場合
等に上昇流速が変化すると、固体粒子が液体とともに流
出してしまうという問題がある。As shown in FIG. 3, an ascending flow path 13 is formed at the outlet of the reaction tank 11 so that the ascending flow rate inside the ascending flow path is smaller than the sedimentation velocity of the solid particles in the liquid. There is also a method of performing solid-liquid separation using a specific gravity difference with solid particles. However, since the solid particles need to be dispersed almost uniformly in the liquid by stirring or the like, the specific gravity is usually selected to be close to the specific gravity of the liquid. For this reason, there is a problem that when the outflow amount of the reaction liquid changes, or when the ascending flow rate changes when the reaction tank becomes large, the solid particles flow out together with the liquid.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記した従来
の問題点を解決し、反応槽の連続反応を中断させること
なく固体粒子を確実に分離することができる固液分離装
置およびその使用方法を提供するためになされたもので
ある。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and a solid-liquid separation apparatus capable of reliably separating solid particles without interrupting a continuous reaction in a reaction tank, and a method of using the same. It was made to provide.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明の固液分離装置は、触媒等を担持さ
せるための固体粒子を含む液体を連続的に流出させる反
応槽の流出部に、上昇流速を前記固体粒子の自由沈降速
度よりも遅く設定した上昇流路と、これに隣接する、下
降流速を浮上粒子の液体中の上昇速度よりも遅く設定し
た下降流路とを設け、この上昇流路から下降流路への流
れの反転部に浮上粒子を充填したことを特徴とするもの
である。またこの固液分離装置の使用方法は、触媒等を
担持させるための固体粒子を含む液体を固液分離するに
あたり、上記の固液分離装置における上昇流路において
前記固体粒子を自由沈降させて分離し、さらに上昇流速
の不均一部分に乗って前記上昇流路の上端に達した固体
粒子を浮上粒子の充填部で捕捉、分離し、液体のみを流
出させることを特徴とするものである。Means for Solving the Problems] solid-liquid separator of the present invention made in order to solve the aforementioned problem, carrying of a catalyst such as
The rising flow rate is set to the free sedimentation speed of the solid particles at the outlet of the reaction vessel where the liquid containing the solid particles is continuously discharged.
A rising channel set slower than degrees, adjacent thereto, under
Set the descending velocity to be lower than the rising velocity of the floating particles in the liquid.
And a descending flow path is provided, and a reversal portion of the flow from the ascending flow path to the descending flow path is filled with floating particles. Also, the method of using this solid-liquid separation device is to use a catalyst or the like.
For solid-liquid separation of liquid containing solid particles to be supported
In the ascending channel in the solid-liquid separation device described above ,
The solid particles are settled and separated by free sedimentation,
Solids that reach the upper end of the ascending channel on the uneven part of
Particles are captured and separated at the filling part of floating particles, and only liquid flows
It is characterized by being put out .
【0007】[0007]
【作用】本発明においては、反応槽の流出部に液体中に
おける固体粒子の自由沈降速度よりも遅い流速の上昇流
路を設けたので、この部分で大部分の固体粒子を液体と
分離することができる。また上昇流に偏流がある場合で
も、上昇流速の不均一部分に乗って上昇流路の上端に達
した残余の固体粒子は、浮上粒子の充填部において完全
に分離され、液体のみを流出させることができる。また
浮上粒子の充填部の下部で捕捉分離された固体粒子は、
その後上昇流路のゆらぎにより通常の上昇流速となった
ときに上昇流路内を沈降していく。このように、本発明
によれば反応槽の連続反応を中断させることなく固体粒
子を確実に分離することができる。In the present invention, an ascending flow passage having a flow velocity lower than the free sedimentation velocity of solid particles in the liquid is provided at the outlet of the reaction tank, so that most of the solid particles are separated from the liquid at this part. Can be. In addition, even when there is a drift in the rising flow, the remaining solid particles that reach the upper end of the rising flow channel on the uneven portion of the rising flow speed are completely separated at the filling part of the floating particles, and only the liquid flows out. Can be. In addition, solid particles captured and separated below the filling part of floating particles,
Thereafter, when the flow velocity becomes a normal ascending flow rate due to the fluctuation of the ascending flow path, the inside of the ascending flow path is settled. Thus, according to the present invention, solid particles can be reliably separated without interrupting the continuous reaction in the reaction tank.
【0008】さらに本発明においては、上昇流路に隣接
させて下降流路を設けてあり、その上端部にも浮上粒子
が充填されている。上昇流路だけを設けた場合には、流
れに乗って浮上粒子が流出することを防止するためにス
クリーンを必要とするが、本発明では下降流路内の浮上
粒子が上昇流路内の浮上粒子の流出を防止するので、目
詰まりの原因となるスクリーンを設ける必要がない利点
がある。Further, in the present invention, a descending flow path is provided adjacent to the ascending flow path, and the upper end thereof is also filled with floating particles. If only the ascending flow path is provided, a screen is required to prevent the floating particles from flowing out along with the flow, but in the present invention, the floating particles in the descending flow path are raised in the ascending flow path. Since particles are prevented from flowing out, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a screen which causes clogging.
【0009】[0009]
【実施例】以下に本発明を図1に示す実施例によって更
に詳細に説明する。図1において、1は液体3を連続的
に流入、流出させる反応槽であり、その内部には固体粒
子2を含む液体3が収納されている。固体粒子2は例え
ば反応を促進するための触媒を担体させた粒子であり、
その固体粒子2の粒径は1〜15mm、その比重は液体3の
比重の1〜1.3 倍とする。固体粒子2の粒径が1mm未満
であると固液分離が困難となり、逆に固体粒子2の粒径
が15mmを越えると反応に寄与する表面積が減少するので
好ましくない。また固体粒子2の比重が液体3の比重よ
りも小さいと沈降分離ができず、逆に固体粒子2の比重
が液体3の比重の1.3倍を越えると液体3中で均一に分
散しにくくなるので好ましくない。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a reaction tank for continuously flowing in and out of a liquid 3, and contains therein a liquid 3 containing solid particles 2. The solid particles 2 are particles carrying a catalyst for accelerating the reaction, for example.
The particle size of the solid particles 2 is 1 to 15 mm, and the specific gravity thereof is 1 to 1.3 times the specific gravity of the liquid 3. If the particle size of the solid particles 2 is less than 1 mm, solid-liquid separation becomes difficult, and if the particle size of the solid particles 2 exceeds 15 mm, the surface area contributing to the reaction is undesirably reduced. When the specific gravity of the solid particles 2 is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid 3, sedimentation and separation cannot be performed. Conversely, when the specific gravity of the solid particles 2 exceeds 1.3 times the specific gravity of the liquid 3, it is difficult to uniformly disperse in the liquid 3. Not preferred.
【0010】反応槽1の流出部には、仕切り板4、5に
より上昇流路6と下降流路7とが隣接させて設けられて
いる。そして上昇流路6から下降流路7への流れの反転
部に、多数の浮上粒子8を充填してある。上昇流路6は
その内部における上昇流速が液体3中における固体粒子
2の自由沈降速度よりも遅くなるように形成されてお
り、特に仕切り板4の長さや設置位置を調節することに
よって、上昇流速が固体粒子2の自由沈降速度の1/2 以
下となるようにしておくことが好ましい。これは反応槽
1が大型である場合には上昇流路6の内部において上昇
流速の不均一が生じ易く、固体粒子2が上昇流に乗って
流れてしまうおそれがあることを防止するためである。At the outlet of the reaction tank 1, an ascending channel 6 and a descending channel 7 are provided adjacent to each other by partition plates 4 and 5. A large number of floating particles 8 are filled in the reversal part of the flow from the ascending channel 6 to the descending channel 7. The ascending flow path 6 is formed such that the ascending flow velocity in the inside thereof is lower than the free sedimentation velocity of the solid particles 2 in the liquid 3, and particularly, by adjusting the length and the installation position of the partition plate 4, the ascending flow velocity is increased. Is preferably less than or equal to の of the free sedimentation velocity of the solid particles 2. This is because when the reactor 1 is large, the ascending flow velocity is likely to be non-uniform inside the ascending flow path 6 and the solid particles 2 are prevented from flowing on the ascending flow. .
【0011】浮上粒子8は当然に液体3よりも比重が小
さく、上昇流路6から下降流路7への流れの反転部に密
集して浮上粒子充填スクリーンを構成している。これら
の浮上粒子8の相互間に形成される空隙部分の大きさ
は、固液分離を行うために固体粒子2の粒径よりも小さ
い必要がある。従って浮上粒子8の粒径は液体3が含む
固体粒子2の粒径の1〜5倍であることが好ましい。具
体的には、浮上粒子8の粒径は3〜30mmの範囲内とする
ことが好ましい。The floating particles 8 naturally have a lower specific gravity than the liquid 3 and are densely packed at the reversal portion of the flow from the ascending flow path 6 to the descending flow path 7 to form a floating particle filling screen. The size of the void formed between the floating particles 8 needs to be smaller than the particle size of the solid particles 2 in order to perform solid-liquid separation. Therefore, the particle size of the floating particles 8 is preferably 1 to 5 times the particle size of the solid particles 2 contained in the liquid 3. Specifically, it is preferable that the particle size of the floating particles 8 be in the range of 3 to 30 mm.
【0012】なお、浮上粒子8の充填高さは0.3 〜3m
程度とすることが好ましい。これは充填高さが0.3 m未
満では浮上粒子充填スクリーンが不安定となって確実な
固液分離が行えなくなるおそれがあり、逆に3mを越え
ると不経済となるためである。また仕切り板4の下端は
浮上粒子充填スクリーンを構成している浮上粒子8の下
端から1m以上下方としておく。これは誤って浮上粒子
8が反応槽1側に流出することを防止するためである。The filling height of the floating particles 8 is 0.3 to 3 m.
It is preferable to set the degree. This is because if the filling height is less than 0.3 m, the floating particle filling screen may be unstable and solid-liquid separation may not be performed reliably. The lower end of the partition plate 4 is set at least 1 m below the lower end of the floating particles 8 forming the floating particle filling screen. This is to prevent the floating particles 8 from flowing out to the reaction tank 1 by mistake.
【0013】次に下降流路7の流速は、浮上粒子8の上
昇速度よりも遅くすることが必要である。これは下降流
路7の流速が浮上粒子8の上昇速度を越えると下向流に
同伴されて浮上粒子8が流出するからであり、上昇速度
の1/2 以下におさえることが好ましい。Next, the flow velocity of the descending flow path 7 needs to be lower than the rising velocity of the floating particles 8. This is because if the flow velocity of the descending flow path 7 exceeds the rising speed of the floating particles 8, the floating particles 8 flow out accompanying the downward flow, and it is preferable to keep the rising speed at half or less.
【0014】このように構成された本発明の固液分離装
置においては、反応槽1から流出する固体粒子2を含む
液体3はまず上昇流路6に入るが、この上昇流路6内の
上昇流速は液体3中における固体粒子2の自由沈降速度
よりも遅く設定されているため、大部分の固体粒子2は
沈降分離される。また上昇流速の不均一部分に乗って一
部の固体粒子2は上昇流路6の上端に達するが、この部
分には浮上粒子8が充填された浮上粒子充填スクリーン
が形成されているため、固体粒子2は浮上粒子8によっ
て捕捉され、完全に分離される。そして液体3のみを下
降流路7から流出させることができる。なお本発明では
下降流路7内の浮上粒子8が上昇流路6内の浮上粒子8
の流出を防止するので、従来のような流出防止用のスク
リーンを設ける必要がなく、目詰まりを生ずることがな
いIn the solid-liquid separation apparatus of the present invention thus configured, the liquid 3 containing the solid particles 2 flowing out of the reaction tank 1 first enters the ascending flow path 6. Since the flow velocity is set lower than the free sedimentation speed of the solid particles 2 in the liquid 3, most of the solid particles 2 are settled and separated. Some of the solid particles 2 reach the upper end of the ascending flow channel 6 riding on the uneven portion of the ascending flow velocity, and a floating particle filling screen filled with the floating particles 8 is formed in this portion, so that the solid particles 2 are solid. The particles 2 are trapped by the floating particles 8 and are completely separated. Then, only the liquid 3 can flow out from the downflow channel 7. In the present invention, the floating particles 8 in the descending flow path 7
Outflow, so there is no need to provide a screen for preventing outflow as in the prior art, and no clogging occurs.
【0015】このようにして浮上粒子8の表面には次第
に固体粒子2が捕捉される。そこで図1に示すように浮
上粒子8の上昇流路側充填層の下方に散気装置9を設
け、時々緩やかに散気して浮上粒子8を揺動させること
により固体粒子2を剥離させ、上昇流路6を沈降させ
る。また液体中に不純物が含まれ、上昇流に乗って浮上
粒子充填スクリーンに捕捉された場合には、前記操作に
引き続いて上昇流路側の散気装置9とともに下降流路側
の散気装置9a により強く散気して浮上粒子8を揺動さ
せて不純物を剥離し、液体3とともに排出する。このよ
うにすれば、従来のように反応層1の反応を停止させる
ことなく、浮上粒子充填スクリーンの洗浄を行うことが
できる。In this way, the solid particles 2 are gradually captured on the surface of the floating particles 8. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, an air diffuser 9 is provided below the packed layer on the rising channel side of the floating particles 8, and the solid particles 2 are peeled off by gently diffusing the particles occasionally and swinging the floating particles 8, so that the solid particles 2 rise. The channel 6 is settled. Further, when impurities are contained in the liquid and are caught by the floating particle-filled screen on the ascending flow, the air diffuser 9 on the ascending flow path side and the diffusing device 9a on the descending flow path side are strongly strengthened following the above operation. The floating particles 8 are scattered and oscillated to separate impurities, and are discharged together with the liquid 3. In this way, the floating particle-filled screen can be washed without stopping the reaction of the reaction layer 1 as in the related art.
【0016】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明によれば
反応槽の連続反応を中断させることなく固体粒子を確実
に分離することができる。また本発明によれば煩雑なス
クリーンの維持管理を行う必要がない利点がある。As described above, according to the present invention, solid particles can be reliably separated without interrupting the continuous reaction in the reaction tank. Further, according to the present invention, there is an advantage that there is no need to perform complicated screen maintenance.
【図1】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】従来例を示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a conventional example.
【図3】他の従来例を示す断面図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another conventional example.
1 反応層、2 固体粒子、3 液体、4 仕切り板、
5 仕切り板、6 上昇流路、7 下降流路、8 浮上
粒子、9 上昇流路側の散気装置、9a 下降流路側の散
気装置1 reaction layer, 2 solid particles, 3 liquids, 4 partition plates,
Reference Signs List 5 partition plate, 6 ascending channel, 7 descending channel, 8 floating particles, 9 ascending channel side diffuser, 9a ascending channel side diffuser
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI B01D 29/08 520B 530F 540A ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI B01D 29/08 520B 530F 540A
Claims (8)
液体を連続的に流出させる反応槽の流出部に、上昇流速
を前記固体粒子の自由沈降速度よりも遅く設定した上昇
流路と、これに隣接する、下降流速を浮上粒子の液体中
の上昇速度よりも遅く設定した下降流路とを設け、この
上昇流路から下降流路への流れの反転部に浮上粒子を充
填したことを特徴とする固液分離装置。1. An ascending flow velocity is set at an outlet of a reaction tank for continuously discharging a liquid containing solid particles for supporting a catalyst or the like.
And the upward flow passage is set slower than the free settling velocity of the solid particles, adjacent thereto, a liquid of floating particles falling velocity
And a descending flow path set to be slower than the ascending speed of the solid-liquid separating device.
1〜15mmである請求項1に記載の固液分離装置。2. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the solid particles contained in the liquid in the reaction tank is 1 to 15 mm.
が、液体の比重の1〜1.3 倍である請求項1に記載の固
液分離装置。3. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the solid particles contained in the liquid in the reaction tank is 1 to 1.3 times the specific gravity of the liquid.
内の液体が含む固体粒子の粒径の5倍以下である請求項
1に記載の固液分離装置。4. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the floating particles is 3 to 30 mm, and is not more than 5 times the particle diameter of the solid particles contained in the liquid in the reaction vessel.
固体粒子の自由沈降速度の1/2 以下となるように仕切り
板を設けた請求項1に記載の固液分離装置。5. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein a partition plate is provided so that an ascending flow velocity in the ascending flow path is equal to or less than 1/2 of a free settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid.
m以上下方とした請求項5に記載の固液分離装置。6. The lower end of the partition plate is set at a distance of 1 from the lower end of the floating particles.
The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 5, wherein the depth is at least m or less.
項1に記載の固液分離装置。7. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein an air diffuser is provided below the floating particles.
液体を固液分離するにあたり、請求項1に記載の固液分
離装置における上昇流路において前記固体粒子を自由沈
降させて分離し、さらに上昇流速の不均一部分に乗って
前記上昇流路の上端に達した固体粒子を浮上粒子の充填
部で捕捉、分離し、液体のみを流出させることを特徴と
する固液分離装置の使用方法。8. Includes solid particles for supporting a catalyst or the like.
2. The solid particles are free-sedimented in an ascending flow path in the solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1 when the liquid is subjected to solid-liquid separation.
Down and separate, then ride on the uneven flow rate
The solid particles that have reached the upper end of the rising channel are filled with floating particles.
A method for using a solid-liquid separation device, wherein the solid-liquid separation device captures and separates in a section and allows only liquid to flow out .
Priority Applications (1)
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JP06131715A JP3121722B2 (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1994-06-14 | Solid-liquid separation device and method of using the same |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP06131715A JP3121722B2 (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1994-06-14 | Solid-liquid separation device and method of using the same |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH07328328A JPH07328328A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
JP3121722B2 true JP3121722B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
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