JP3120940B2 - Spherical bump for semiconductor device - Google Patents

Spherical bump for semiconductor device

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Publication number
JP3120940B2
JP3120940B2 JP06077705A JP7770594A JP3120940B2 JP 3120940 B2 JP3120940 B2 JP 3120940B2 JP 06077705 A JP06077705 A JP 06077705A JP 7770594 A JP7770594 A JP 7770594A JP 3120940 B2 JP3120940 B2 JP 3120940B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gold
joint
bonding
bump
ppm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP06077705A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH07283228A (en
Inventor
智裕 宇野
宏平 巽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corp filed Critical Nippon Steel Corp
Priority to JP06077705A priority Critical patent/JP3120940B2/en
Publication of JPH07283228A publication Critical patent/JPH07283228A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3120940B2 publication Critical patent/JP3120940B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ICチップの電極と外
部リードとの接続に使用される接合用のバンプに関す
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bonding bump used for connecting an electrode of an IC chip to an external lead.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】ICチップの電極と外部リードとの接続
には多様な方法が採用されている。配線用の極細ワイヤ
ー(ボンディングワイヤー)を用いて接続する方法もあ
るが、チップの電極リードとの間にはバンプと呼ばれる
金属突起を挟んで熱圧着する方法も広く行われるように
なっている。TAB(Tape Automated Bonding)法は後
者の代表として注目されている技術である。この方法
は、予めICチップの電極部か、もしくはTABテープ
上のリード先端部のいずれかにバンプを形成しておき、
次にICチップ電極部とリードを有するTABテープを
バンプを介して両者を接合するものである。またTAB
法以外にフリップチップ法においても、バンプが使用さ
れている。
2. Description of the Related Art Various methods are used for connecting electrodes of an IC chip to external leads. Although there is a method of connecting using an extra fine wire (bonding wire) for wiring, a method of thermocompression bonding with a metal projection called a bump between the chip and an electrode lead is also widely used. The TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) method is a technique that has attracted attention as a representative of the latter. In this method, bumps are formed in advance on either the electrode part of the IC chip or the tip of the lead on the TAB tape,
Next, an IC chip electrode portion and a TAB tape having leads are joined together via bumps. Also TAB
In addition to the flip chip method, bumps are used in the flip chip method.

【0003】このような用途に提供されるバンプのこれ
までの作り方は、メッキによる方法が主体であった。し
かしながらメッキによる方法は設備が大きくなる上に、
バンプとして使用する金属の組成にも制約を受けるとい
う欠点がある。また特にICチップの電極部に直接メッ
キしてバンプを形成しようとすれば、チップそのものが
メッキ工程を通過することになって、チップの歩留まり
を悪化させるということも問題とされていた。
[0003] The conventional method of producing bumps provided for such applications has been plating. However, the plating method requires large equipment,
There is a disadvantage that the composition of the metal used as the bump is also restricted. Further, in particular, if the bumps are formed by directly plating the electrode portions of the IC chip, the chip itself passes through a plating process, and the yield of the chip is deteriorated.

【0004】これらの欠点を解消する方法として、メッ
キによらないバンプ形成方法も考えられるようになって
きた。本願発明者らは先に、バンプ用の素材となる金属
を細い線に加工し、この金属線を定尺切断した後に溶融
・凝固させ、球形状のバンプを得る方法を提案した(特
開平3−180401号公報参照)。この方法は金属自
体が溶融した際の表面張力を利用するものであるから均
一な形状が得られやすく、バンプとして使用するには大
変適したものである。この球形バンプは、リード先端部
等に熱圧着して使用される(特開平3−174737号
公報参照)。
[0004] As a method of solving these disadvantages, a bump forming method without plating has been considered. The inventors of the present application have previously proposed a method of processing a metal as a material for a bump into a thin wire, cutting the metal wire to a fixed size, and then melting and solidifying the metal wire to obtain a spherical bump (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. -180401). Since this method utilizes the surface tension when the metal itself is melted, a uniform shape is easily obtained, and is very suitable for use as a bump. This spherical bump is used by thermocompression bonding to the tip of a lead or the like (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-174737).

【0005】最近、半導体素子が使用される環境条件が
ますます厳しくなっており、高温環境下における金ボー
ルとアルミ電極との接合部における長期信頼性の低下が
問題視されている。例えば自動車のエンジンルーム周辺
で使用される半導体素子では高温・高湿等の環境に曝さ
れる。また接合部の微細化により、使用時の発生熱の影
響が無視できなくなっている。
[0005] Recently, environmental conditions in which semiconductor devices are used have become more severe, and a problem has arisen that the long-term reliability at the junction between a gold ball and an aluminum electrode under a high-temperature environment is reduced. For example, a semiconductor element used around an engine room of an automobile is exposed to an environment such as high temperature and high humidity. In addition, due to the miniaturization of the joint, the influence of the heat generated during use cannot be ignored.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の金細線を用いた
ワイヤボンディング法の場合、半導体素子上のアルミ電
極との接合部の長期信頼性の低下が指摘されており、電
極部材であるアルミと金が相互拡散して金属間化合物の
生成やボイドの発生による接合部で剥離や電気的導通不
良等が生じることが問題として指摘されている。
In the case of a conventional wire bonding method using a fine gold wire, it has been pointed out that the long-term reliability of a joint portion with an aluminum electrode on a semiconductor element is reduced. It has been pointed out as a problem that gold mutually interdiffuses and peeling or poor electrical conduction occurs at a joint due to generation of an intermetallic compound or generation of a void.

【0007】本発明者等が、金ボールとアルミ電極との
接合部の信頼性に関して検討した結果、樹脂封止された
接合部における金属間化合物層の腐食が、信頼性に及ぼ
す影響が大きいことが確認された。金とアルミの金属間
化合物が封止樹脂中に含有するハロゲン成分と反応する
ことにより接合部の電気抵抗が増加し、腐食が顕著な場
合は電気的導通不良等が生じる。ハロゲン成分は難燃剤
として封止樹脂の必須成分であるため、金属間化合物層
の腐食を低減するためには、腐食され易い金/アルミ化
合物層の成長を抑制する必要がある。
The present inventors have studied the reliability of the joint between the gold ball and the aluminum electrode and found that the corrosion of the intermetallic compound layer at the joint sealed with resin has a large effect on the reliability. Was confirmed. When the intermetallic compound of gold and aluminum reacts with the halogen component contained in the sealing resin, the electric resistance of the joint increases, and when corrosion is remarkable, poor electrical conduction occurs. Since the halogen component is an essential component of the sealing resin as a flame retardant, it is necessary to suppress the growth of the corrosive gold / aluminum compound layer in order to reduce the corrosion of the intermetallic compound layer.

【0008】ここで、TAB実装に使用される球形バン
プにおいても、上述したような高温環境における接合部
信頼性が共通する課題となる。リード先端部に配置され
た金球バンプがアルミ電極に熱圧着されて、さらに通常
の実装工程として樹脂封止された場合、金/アルミ接合
部において、ワイヤの場合と同様に高温条件下での接合
信頼性の低下が問題となる。
[0008] Here, the joint reliability in a high-temperature environment as described above is a common problem also in the spherical bumps used for TAB mounting. When the gold ball bump placed on the lead tip is thermocompression bonded to the aluminum electrode and then resin-sealed as a normal mounting process, the gold / aluminum joint is exposed to high-temperature conditions as in the case of the wire. There is a problem in that the reliability of the joint is reduced.

【0009】本発明は上記事情に基づいてなされたもの
であり、金バンプとアルミ電極部との接合部において良
好な長期信頼性が得られる金合金の微細球を提供するこ
とを目的としている。
The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fine sphere of a gold alloy in which a good long-term reliability can be obtained at a bonding portion between a gold bump and an aluminum electrode portion.

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】金ボール接合部が高温環
境に曝されると、接合界面において金とアルミの相互拡
散に伴い数種の金属間化合物が成長する。この金/アル
ミ化合物の中でも特定の化合物Au4 Al相が封止樹脂
中のハロゲン元素と容易に反応して、接合部における電
気抵抗を増加させる原因となる。
When a gold ball joint is exposed to a high temperature environment, several kinds of intermetallic compounds grow at the joint interface due to mutual diffusion of gold and aluminum. Among the gold / aluminum compounds, the specific compound Au 4 Al phase easily reacts with the halogen element in the sealing resin, which causes an increase in electric resistance at the joint.

【0011】本発明者等はこのような現象を抑制する元
素の添加について種々検討した結果、金中にMnを添加
した金バンプの接合部では、Mnが金中を拡散して界面
近傍に濃化して、腐食される化合物層の成長を抑制する
ことにより、高温放置した接合部の電気抵抗の上昇を抑
制すること、さらに、化合物成長による接合部の劣化も
抑えることを見出した。
As a result of various studies on the addition of an element for suppressing such a phenomenon, the present inventors have found that, at the junction of gold bumps with Mn added to gold, Mn diffuses in the gold and concentrates near the interface. It turned into it, by inhibiting the growth of the compound layer to be corroded, possible to suppress an increase in the electrical resistance of the high-temperature standing joints was further headings that suppress the deterioration of the joint portion by the compound growth.

【0012】本発明においてMnの含有量を50〜50
00重量ppm と定めたのは、Mnの含有量が50ppm 未
満では接合部における金属間化合物の腐食を抑制する効
果が小さく、一方5000ppm を超えると、大気中で溶
融・凝固した金球の表面に酸化層が形成され、この酸化
層が接合界面に介在すると良好な接合強度が得られない
という理由に基づくものである。
In the present invention, the content of Mn is set to 50 to 50.
When the content of Mn is less than 50 ppm, the effect of suppressing the corrosion of the intermetallic compound at the joint is small, whereas when the content exceeds 5000 ppm, the surface of the gold sphere melted and solidified in the atmosphere is determined. This is based on the reason that if an oxide layer is formed and this oxide layer intervenes at the bonding interface, good bonding strength cannot be obtained.

【0013】Mn添加量が上記範囲内では、硬度は高純
度金とほとんど同じであり、接合時にバンプが容易に変
形するため、アルミ電極表面の酸化膜を破壊する効果は
小さい。アルミ表面の酸化膜が厚い場合等は接合強度を
確保することが困難であり、良好な接合性を得るために
は接合条件の厳密な検討が必要となる。そこで、Cu,
Ag,Pd,Inを適量添加することにより、Mn元素
の単独添加よりも硬度が上昇し、ボール作製時の酸化も
少ないため、アルミ電極との接合強度が上昇する。接合
性を向上するための含有量としては、Cuを5〜100
重量ppm 、Agを5〜100重量ppm 、Pdを5〜10
0重量ppm 、Inを5〜50重量ppm から選ばれる1種
または2種以上を総計で10〜200重量ppm の範囲で
ある。含有量を上記範囲とした理由は、10重量ppm 未
満では接合強度の上昇効果は小さく、200重量ppm を
超えると凝固したボールの真球度が低下するため、半導
体素子上の電極間距離の短ピッチ化に対応するために好
ましい微細球の作製が困難となるためである。また、そ
れぞれの元素でみると、Cu,Ag,Pdが100重量
ppm を超えた場合、またはInが50重量ppm 超の場合
は、加工硬化が大きくなりボール変形が小さく、十分な
接合強度が得られない。
When the amount of Mn is within the above range, the hardness is almost the same as that of high-purity gold, and the bump is easily deformed at the time of bonding, so that the effect of destroying the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum electrode is small. When the oxide film on the aluminum surface is thick or the like, it is difficult to secure the bonding strength, and strict examination of the bonding conditions is required to obtain good bonding properties. Therefore, Cu,
By adding an appropriate amount of Ag, Pd, and In, the hardness is increased as compared with the case of adding Mn element alone, and the oxidation during the production of the ball is small, so that the bonding strength with the aluminum electrode is increased. As a content for improving the joining property, Cu is 5 to 100%.
Ppm by weight, 5 to 100 ppm by weight of Ag, 5 to 10 parts by weight of Pd
0 ppm by weight and one or two or more kinds selected from 5 to 50 ppm by weight of In are in the range of 10 to 200 ppm by weight in total. The reason for setting the content to the above range is that if the content is less than 10 ppm by weight, the effect of increasing the bonding strength is small, and if the content exceeds 200 ppm by weight, the sphericity of the solidified ball decreases. This is because it is difficult to produce fine spheres suitable for pitching. In terms of each element, Cu, Ag, and Pd are 100% by weight.
If the content exceeds ppm, or if the content of In exceeds 50 ppm by weight, work hardening becomes large, ball deformation is small, and sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained.

【0014】[0014]

【実施例】以下に、本発明の球形バンプの製造方法およ
び球形バンプの基本的特性を、実施例により具体的に説
明する。純度が約99.95重量%以上の電解金を用い
て純度が99.5重量%以上のMnとCu,Ag,P
d,Inを所定量加え、高周波真空溶解炉で溶解鋳造
し、表3に示す化学成分の金合金を得た。その鋳塊を圧
延した後に常温で伸線加工を行い、最終線径が25μm
の金合金細線とした後に、一定長さ450μmに切断し
た。これらの微細金属線片を、縦に配置した炉芯管中を
自由落下させて溶融することにより、直径が75μmの
球形バンプを作製した。球形バンプはTABテープのリ
ード先端部に熱圧着した後、バンプを介してICチップ
のアルミ電極部上で熱圧着による接合工程に供する。電
極膜の材質は、純アルミである。
EXAMPLES The method for producing a spherical bump and the basic characteristics of the spherical bump according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. Mn and Cu, Ag, P having a purity of 99.5% by weight or more using electrolytic gold having a purity of about 99.95% by weight or more.
Predetermined amounts of d and In were added and melt-cast in a high-frequency vacuum melting furnace to obtain a gold alloy having the chemical components shown in Table 3 . After rolling the ingot, wire drawing is performed at room temperature, and the final wire diameter is 25 μm.
And then cut to a fixed length of 450 μm. These fine metal wire pieces were dropped freely in a vertically disposed furnace core tube and melted to produce a spherical bump having a diameter of 75 μm. After the spherical bumps are thermocompression bonded to the lead ends of the TAB tape, they are subjected to a thermocompression bonding process on the aluminum electrode portions of the IC chip via the bumps. The material of the electrode film is pure aluminum.

【0015】金合金球を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察し、ボ
ール表面に酸化膜が形成されることにより、半導体素子
上の電極に良好な接合性が得られないものを×印、酸化
膜の形成は認められないがボール形状が真球でないもの
を△印、良好なものを○印にて評価した。接合強度は、
治具を電極から3μm上方で平行に移動してボール接合
部を煎断破断させ、破断時の荷重を100本測定したシ
ェア強度により評価した。
Observation of the gold alloy spheres with a scanning electron microscope shows that an oxide film is formed on the surface of the ball, and that the electrode on the semiconductor element does not have a good bonding property, is marked with a cross. Is not recognized, but those with a non-spherical ball were evaluated with △, and those with good ball were evaluated with ○. The bonding strength is
The jig was moved 3 μm above the electrode in parallel to break and break the ball joint, and the load at the time of breaking was evaluated based on the shear strength measured for 100 pieces.

【0016】金バンプをアルミ電極に接合し、さらにエ
ポキシ樹脂で封止した半導体素子を、大気中において2
00℃で300時間加熱処理した。接合部の中心を通る
断面まで垂直研磨し、接合界面に成長した金とアルミの
金属間化合物層の腐食を観察した。灰色の金属間化合物
層は腐食進行に伴い褐色に変化する。従って、容易に識
別可能であることを利用して、接合部における金属間化
合物の腐食の進行を調べた。金属間化合物の腐食進行と
しては、研磨断面において腐食領域長さ(b)が金属間
化合物層成長の長さ(a)に占める割合で評価したもの
であり、腐食部が占める割合(a/b)を30個のバン
プで平均した値が、5%以下では腐食の抑制が顕著であ
ると判断して○印、40%以上で腐食が顕著なものは×
印、その中間である5〜40%のものは△印で表記し
た。
A semiconductor element in which a gold bump is bonded to an aluminum electrode and further sealed with an epoxy resin is mounted in an air atmosphere.
Heat treatment was performed at 00 ° C. for 300 hours. Vertical polishing was performed to a cross section passing through the center of the joint, and corrosion of the intermetallic compound layer of gold and aluminum grown at the joint interface was observed. The gray intermetallic compound layer turns brown as the corrosion progresses. Therefore, utilizing the fact that it can be easily identified, the progress of corrosion of the intermetallic compound at the joint was examined. The progress of corrosion of the intermetallic compound is evaluated by the ratio of the length of the corroded region (b) to the length of the intermetallic compound layer growth (a) in the polished cross section, and the ratio of the corroded portion (a / b). ) Is averaged over 30 bumps, it is judged that the suppression of corrosion is remarkable when the value is 5% or less, and it is judged that the corrosion is remarkable when the value is 40% or more.
The mark, and those between 5% and 40% in the middle, were marked with a triangle.

【0017】表1および表2にMnの添加効果を示す。
本発明範囲にMnを添加した表1により接合部における
化合物層の腐食が抑制されており、長期信頼性が向上し
ている。一方、Mn量が本発明範囲外である表2に示す
比較例Aでは、Mn添加量が本発明範囲未満では腐食抑
制効果は小さく、Mnを過剰に含有する場合にはボール
形状の不良が現れる。
Tables 1 and 2 show the effect of adding Mn.
According to Table 1 in which Mn was added to the range of the present invention, the corrosion of the compound layer at the joint was suppressed, and the long-term reliability was improved. On the other hand, in Comparative Example A shown in Table 2 in which the amount of Mn is out of the range of the present invention, the corrosion inhibitory effect is small when the amount of Mn is less than the range of the present invention. Defects appear.

【0018】[0018]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0019】[0019]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0020】表3に本発明例を示し、表4に比較例を示
した。アルミ電極表面の酸化膜が厚いと接合性は低下す
る。そこで、表3,表4の接合強度というのは、アルミ
酸化膜が5000オングストローム以上の厚いアルミ電
極上にバンプを接合した場合のシェア強度の測定結果で
ある。Cu,Ag,Pd,Inを本発明の成分範囲で含
有することにより高い接合強度が得られる。しかし、こ
れらの元素が本発明の範囲より少ない比較例6,9,1
1等では接合強度が低く、過剰に添加した比較例7,
8,10等ではボール形状の不良がみられる。
Table 3 shows examples of the present invention, and Table 4 shows comparative examples.
I did . If the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum electrode is thick, the bondability decreases. Therefore, the bonding strengths in Tables 3 and 4 are the measurement results of the shear strength when a bump is bonded to a thick aluminum electrode having an aluminum oxide film of 5000 Å or more. High bonding strength can be obtained by containing Cu, Ag, Pd, and In in the component range of the present invention. However, Comparative Examples 6, 9, and 1 in which these elements are less than the scope of the present invention.
1 etc., the bonding strength was low, and Comparative Example 7,
In 8, 10, etc., a defective ball shape is observed.

【0021】[0021]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0022】[0022]

【表4】 [Table 4]

【0023】[0023]

【発明の効果】以上、本発明に関わる金合金の微細球
を、半導体素子上の電極部と接合するためのバンプとし
て使用することにより、高温条件下において接合部にお
ける金属間化合物の腐食を抑制して接合部信頼性が向上
し、加えて、高い接合強度を容易に得ることができる。
As described above, by using the fine spheres of the gold alloy according to the present invention as bumps for bonding to the electrode portion on the semiconductor element, corrosion of the intermetallic compound at the bonding portion under high temperature conditions is suppressed. As a result, the joint reliability is improved, and additionally, a high joint strength can be easily obtained.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 重量ppm で、 Mn50〜5000ppm の範囲で含有し、さらに Cu:5〜100ppm 、 Ag:5〜100ppm 、 Pd:5〜100ppm 、 In:5〜50ppm から選ばれる1種または2種以上を総計で10〜200
ppm の範囲で含有し、 残部金および不可避不純物からな
ることを特徴とする微細金属球。
In claim 1 the weight ppm, Mn: contains in the range of 50 to 5000 ppm, further Cu: 5~100ppm, Ag: 5~100ppm, Pd: 5~100ppm, In: 1 kind or selected from 5~50ppm 2 or more types in total 10-200
Fine metal spheres containing in the ppm range and comprising the balance gold and unavoidable impurities.
JP06077705A 1994-04-15 1994-04-15 Spherical bump for semiconductor device Expired - Fee Related JP3120940B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP06077705A JP3120940B2 (en) 1994-04-15 1994-04-15 Spherical bump for semiconductor device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP06077705A JP3120940B2 (en) 1994-04-15 1994-04-15 Spherical bump for semiconductor device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07283228A JPH07283228A (en) 1995-10-27
JP3120940B2 true JP3120940B2 (en) 2000-12-25

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Family Applications (1)

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JP06077705A Expired - Fee Related JP3120940B2 (en) 1994-04-15 1994-04-15 Spherical bump for semiconductor device

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JP (1) JP3120940B2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
JPH07283228A (en) 1995-10-27

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