JP3084977B2 - Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetables - Google Patents
Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetablesInfo
- Publication number
- JP3084977B2 JP3084977B2 JP04302260A JP30226092A JP3084977B2 JP 3084977 B2 JP3084977 B2 JP 3084977B2 JP 04302260 A JP04302260 A JP 04302260A JP 30226092 A JP30226092 A JP 30226092A JP 3084977 B2 JP3084977 B2 JP 3084977B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- guide hole
- root
- cultivation
- leaves
- planting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、葉菜類、特にホウレン
ソウ、ツケナ類に好適な水耕栽培方法に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method suitable for leafy vegetables, in particular, spinach and Tsukena.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、葉菜類を水耕栽培によって得るに
は、ウレタンブロックで作物苗を育成させることで該ウ
レタンブロックの外に根が長くのび出たウレタン苗を
得、次に該ウレタンブロックを定植パネルの孔に挿入保
持させ、これを一定深さを有する栽培槽に載置し、その
栽培槽内に湛えた培養液を流動させながら作物を栽培す
る湛液法（ＤＦＴ）によって、また一部には培養液薄膜
法（ＮＦＴ）によって栽培していた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to obtain leafy vegetables by hydroponic cultivation, a crop seedling is cultivated in a urethane block to obtain a urethane seedling having a long root extending out of the urethane block. It is inserted and held in the hole of the planting panel, placed in a cultivation tank having a certain depth, and cultivated by flowing a culture solution filled in the cultivation tank. The part was cultivated by the culture solution thin film method (NFT).
【０００３】ところがウレタンブロックは柔らかいた
め、定植パネルの孔に挿入保持させる際に斜めになり易
く、苗は傾いて植えられることになった。また支えがな
いためコマツナ、ホウレンソウなど胚軸が細くて長い苗
では、定植後、風などにより傾いたり倒れ易かった。こ
うして傾いたり、倒れたりした苗は、定植パネル表面に
当接した下葉の葉柄や葉身を成長肥大させることで、下
葉と定植パネルとの接点を支点として株の立姿勢を保と
うとする結果、草姿は左右のバランスを欠いたものとな
り、またこの強く成長した葉は隣の株の葉と交差し、葉
が絡み合った作物群落を作った。図４と図５に、従来法
によるコマツナの栽培状況および収穫株の外観を示し
た。[0003] However, since the urethane block is soft, it tends to be oblique when inserted and held in the hole of the planting panel, so that the seedlings are planted obliquely. In addition, the seedlings with thin hypocotyls such as komatsuna and spinach were not easily supported, so they tended to fall or fall due to wind after planting. Seedlings that have tilted or fall in this way will grow and enlarge the petiole and leaf blades of the lower leaves that are in contact with the surface of the planting panel, thereby maintaining the standing position of the plant with the contact point between the lower leaf and the planting panel as a fulcrum. As a result, the plants became unbalanced left and right, and the strongly grown leaves intersected the leaves of the next plant, creating a crop community in which the leaves were intertwined. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cultivation state of komatsuna and the appearance of the harvested strain by the conventional method.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように葉が絡み
合った作物群落は収穫時に手間がかかるし、葉を痛めて
品質を下げることが多く、また収穫後の結束・袋詰め作
業では、横に伸びたり反り返った下葉（図５参照）は作
業をし難くするだけでなく、葉柄を折って収穫物の品質
を下げる原因となった。それらの葉を除去すると作業は
し易くなる反面、収穫量を減少させることになった。更
に基部の尻曲がり、左右のアンバランス、下葉の折れな
どは、荷姿を悪くして市場性を下げる結果となった。As described above, the crop community in which the leaves are entangled as described above requires much time and effort during harvesting, often damages the leaves and lowers the quality. The lower leaves that grew and warped (see FIG. 5) not only made it difficult to work, but also caused the petiole to break and reduce the quality of the crop. Removing those leaves made the work easier, but reduced the yield. In addition, bending at the base of the base, imbalance between the left and right, and broken lower lobes, etc., resulted in poor packing and reduced marketability.
【０００５】上記した従来法に伴う欠点は、斉一で偏り
のない生育がなされなかった結果といえるから、本発明
ではこの点を改善した葉菜類の水耕栽培方法を提供する
ことをその目的としている。[0005] The disadvantages associated with the above-mentioned conventional method can be said to be the result of uniform and non-uniform growth, and the present invention aims to provide a method for hydroponically cultivating leafy vegetables which improves this point. .
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明になる葉菜類の水
耕栽培方法は、逆円錐形のガイド穴を多数穿設したパネ
ル板を栽培槽の底面に対向させて配設し、上記ガイド穴
からセルトレー育成苗の根鉢を落し込んで上記栽培槽の
底面に載置すると共に上記ガイド穴下端内周縁で支え、
その根鉢に培養液を供給して生育させ、その生育過程に
おいては上記根鉢支持部分より上方のガイド穴内周面で
作物の発育方向を規制して、上記ガイド穴内面に沿って
葉や葉柄を伸張肥大させることにより、下葉を含めて株
全体をＶ字状に発育させることを特徴としている。According to the hydroponic cultivation method for leafy vegetables according to the present invention, a panel plate having a large number of inverted conical guide holes is provided so as to face the bottom of the cultivation tank, and the guide holes are provided. Drop the root bowl of the cell tray growing seedling from and place it on the bottom of the cultivation tank and support it with the inner periphery of the lower end of the guide hole,
A culture solution is supplied to the root mortar to grow the plant,
In the inner peripheral surface of the guide hole above the root pot supporting part
By regulating the growth direction of the crop and expanding the leaves and petiole along the inner surface of the guide hole, the entire plant including the lower leaves is grown in a V-shape.
【０００７】[0007]
【作 用】パネル板のガイド穴から栽培槽の底面に落し
込んだセルトレー育成苗の根鉢は、ガイド穴下端内周縁
で支えられるため、セルトレー等の抜き勾配の関係でテ
ーパー状をなすポット苗で得られた根鉢であっても苗を
真っ直ぐな状態に保持できる。このように苗を真っ直ぐ
にして生育させると、その生育過程において、逆円錐形
状をなすガイド穴内周面は作物の発育方向規制手段とし
て機能することになって、こうして収穫適期を迎えた作
物の株全体は斉一で偏りのないＶ字状を呈する。[Operation] The root pot of the cell tray grown seedling dropped into the bottom of the cultivation tank from the guide hole of the panel plate is supported by the inner peripheral edge of the lower end of the guide hole, so the pot seedling is tapered due to the draft angle of the cell tray etc. The seedling can be kept straight even with the root mortar obtained in the above. When the seedlings are grown straight in this way, in the growing process, the inner peripheral surface of the guide hole having an inverted conical shape functions as a means for regulating the growth direction of the crop. The whole presents a uniform and unbiased V-shape.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の効果】本発明になる葉菜類の水耕栽培方法によ
れば、セルトレー育成苗の根鉢を使用したから、定植
時に苗の根が根鉢から外に出ていないので定植作業を容
易とするだけでなく、定植時の根痛みがないので初期生
育を早めることになる。根鉢は真っ直ぐに保持される
結果、葉柄や基部に曲りを生じさせないし、また仮に多
少傾いて植えられても、逆円錐形状をなすガイド穴内周
面による作物の発育方向規制機能によって、いずれも株
全体をＶ字形に発育させる。作物群落内の空気の通り
が良くなり、光合成を促し、病害を抑制することにな
る。収穫の際には隣株との葉の絡みがないので、株の
基部が見つけ易く、掴み易いから、ハサミ入れが容易と
なって作業時間の短縮を図ることができ、葉痛みを生じ
させない。調整、結束、袋詰め作業は、葉柄、基部に
曲りがないため葉折れがなく、また株の揃いがよいた
め、容易で、作業時間を短縮するほか、下葉の除去が少
ないため収穫量は増加するし、その荷姿は格段と良くな
って市場性が向上する。According to the method for hydroponically cultivating leafy vegetables according to the present invention, since the root pot of the cell tray grown seedling is used, the root of the seedling does not come out of the root pot at the time of planting, so that the planting operation is easy. In addition to this, there is no root pain at the time of planting, so early growth will be accelerated. As a result of the root pot being held straight, it does not bend the petiole or base, and even if it is planted with a slight inclination, both are controlled by the growth direction regulating function of the crop by the inner peripheral surface of the inverted conical guide hole. The entire strain is grown in a V-shape. The air flow in the crop community is improved, which promotes photosynthesis and suppresses disease. At the time of harvesting, there is no entanglement of leaves with neighboring plants, so that the base of the plant is easy to find and grasp, so that scissors can be easily placed and the working time can be reduced, and leaf pain does not occur. Adjustment, bundling and bagging work are easy because the petiole and base are not bent, so there is no leaf breakage, and the stocks are well aligned, which shortens the work time. It will increase and its packaging will be much better, improving its marketability.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】始めに図１によって、本発明方法を実施する
に当たり、使用される装置の概略を説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, referring to FIG. 1, an outline of an apparatus used in carrying out the method of the present invention will be described.
【００１０】図１において、１は、幅約１ m、高さ１１
cm、長さ２ mの発泡スチロール製栽培槽ユニットを通常
１０から２５ユニット連結してなる栽培槽である。この
栽培槽１上には、１穴２本植としたコマツナ、ホウレン
ソウの場合、上方の穴径Ｄ1２５mm、下方の穴径Ｄ2 ２
１mmとした逆円錐形状をなすガイド穴３を碁盤目状にピ
ッチ１０cmで多数穿設した、縦９０cm、横６０cm、厚さ
Ｔ1 ３〜４cmの発泡スチロール製パネル板２を載置し
た。４は培土などを充填した育苗用セルトレーまたは成
型ミニポットに播種、育苗した円柱状をなす根鉢であっ
て、ガイド穴３上方から落し込むことによって栽培槽１
底面で受承させ、そのとき、根鉢４をガイド穴３下端か
ら上方に高さＴ2 が５〜１０mm程度嵌入させ、ガイド穴
３下端内周縁によって根鉢４を支持するようにした。５
は栽培槽１を流動する培養液であって、根鉢４の崩れを
防ぎ、また根が湿気空間（パネル下面と培養液表面の間
の空間。図中、Ｔ3 は湿気空間の幅を示し、通常は２０
〜２５mm程度である。）の空気と接触できるように、深
さ１０mm以下に制御した。培養液５は、培養液タンク
（図示せず）から栽培槽１の一端に供給し、他端から排
出されたものを上記培養液タンクに戻す循環方式とし、
その流量は一つの栽培槽当り毎分１０リットルとした。In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a width of about 1 m and a height of 11
It is a cultivation tank formed by connecting 10 to 25 units of a cultivation tank unit made of styrene foam having a length of 2 m and a length of 2 m. In the cultivation tank 1, in the case of Komatsuna or spinach having two holes per plant, the upper hole diameter D 1 25 mm and the lower hole diameter D 2 2
The guide holes 3 forming an inverted conical shape with a 1mm bored number at a pitch 10cm in a grid pattern were vertical 90cm, horizontal 60cm, a styrofoam panel plate 2 having a thickness of T 1 3-4 cm was placed. Numeral 4 is a column-shaped root pot that is seeded and raised in a seedling raising cell tray or a molded minipot filled with cultivation soil, etc.
Bottom is nest in, then the root ball 4 the height T 2 upward from the guide holes 3 lower end is fitted about 5 to 10 mm, and to support the roots basin 4 by the guide holes 3 lower end inner periphery. 5
Is a culture solution flowing cultivation vessel 1 to prevent collapse of the root ball 4, also in space. Figure between the roots moisture space (panel lower surface and the culture liquid surface, T 3 denotes the width of the moisture space , Usually 20
It is about 25 mm. ) The depth was controlled to 10 mm or less so that it could contact with the air. The culture solution 5 is supplied from a culture solution tank (not shown) to one end of the cultivation tank 1 and a solution discharged from the other end is returned to the culture solution tank, in a circulation system.
The flow rate was 10 liters per minute per cultivation tank.
【００１１】図示の例ではパネル板２を栽培槽１に形成
した係止部で支えたが、栽培槽１に並べた例えば角材
（図示せず）上に載置するようにしてもよいし、パネル
板２自体に角材相当の脚部を一体または別体に設けたも
のでもよい。また、根鉢４は底面積の大きな円柱状のも
のとして示したが、セルトレー等の抜き勾配の関係でテ
ーパー状をなすものであってもよいし、その断面形状も
円形、角形の如何を問わない。根鉢４が角形の場合はガ
イド穴３も角形とする。In the illustrated example, the panel plate 2 is supported by a locking portion formed in the cultivation tub 1, but may be placed on, for example, a timber (not shown) arranged in the cultivation tub 1, The panel plate 2 itself may be provided with leg portions corresponding to square members integrally or separately. In addition, although the root mortar 4 is shown as having a cylindrical shape with a large bottom area, the root mortar 4 may have a tapered shape due to a draft angle of a cell tray or the like, and its cross-sectional shape may be circular or square. Absent. When the root mortar 4 is square, the guide hole 3 is also square.
【００１２】セルトレー育成苗で得られた根鉢４は、ウ
レタン苗と違って、根が外に長くのび出てたりはしてい
ないから、この根鉢４をガイド穴３上方から落し込むの
は簡単である。因みにホウレンソウ苗の場合、ウレタン
育苗による苗を湛液型水耕用パネルに定植するときの植
え穴１個当りの定植時間は平均で３．８４秒かかってい
た。これに対し本方式では、３．２０秒であって、定植
時間の短縮が達成できた。しかも落し込んだ根鉢４は栽
培槽１底面で受承され且つガイド穴３下端内周縁で支持
されることで大きく傾いたりせず、ほぼ垂直に直立する
ことになる。こうして水耕栽培したコマツナの栽培状況
を、図２に示した。同図から明らかなように、下葉を含
め株全体はＶ字形に発育し、全ての株は葉柄、基部に曲
りのない整った草姿となった。これは逆円錐形状をなす
ガイド穴３内面に案内されて子葉、本葉といった葉や葉
柄が伸長、肥大した結果といえる。Unlike the urethane seedling, the root pot 4 obtained from the cell tray growing seedling does not have a long root extending out. Therefore, it is difficult to drop the root pot 4 from above the guide hole 3. Easy. By the way, in the case of spinach seedlings, the planting time per planting hole when planting the seedlings grown with urethane seedlings in the submerged hydroponic panel took 3.84 seconds on average. On the other hand, in this method, it was 3.20 seconds, and the shortening of the planting time was achieved. Moreover, the dropped root mortar 4 is received on the bottom surface of the cultivation tub 1 and supported by the inner peripheral edge at the lower end of the guide hole 3, so that the root mortar 4 stands almost vertically without being greatly inclined. FIG. 2 shows the cultivation state of the komatsuna cultivated hydroponically in this manner. As is clear from the figure, the entire plant including the lower leaves grew in a V-shape, and all plants had a petioles and a well-shaped grass with no bent base. This can be said to be the result of the leaves and petiole, such as cotyledons and true leaves, being elongated and enlarged by being guided into the inner surface of the guide hole 3 having an inverted conical shape.
【００１３】収穫適期は、コマツナでは夏期で定植後１
６〜１８日、冬期は定植後２５〜３０日、ホウレンソウ
では夏期で定植後１６〜２０日、冬期は定植後３０〜３
５日程度である。収穫株の外観は図３に示したとおり、
曲った下葉等はないため調整の手間は少なく、結束、袋
詰めに誠に好都合の形態を備えたものであった。また、
調整後の荷姿は格段と良くなった。[0013] The best time to harvest is in Komatsuna in summer after planting 1
6-18 days, 25-30 days after planting in winter, 16-20 days after planting in spinach in spinach, 30-3 after planting in winter
It is about 5 days. As shown in Fig. 3,
Since there were no bent lower leaves etc., there was little labor for adjustment, and it had a form that was very convenient for binding and bagging. Also,
The package appearance after the adjustment was much better.
【００１４】収穫量について、従来法と比較した一例を
示すと、下表のとおりである。The following table shows an example of the yield compared with the conventional method.
【００１５】 [0015]
【００１６】表中、数値の単位はｇ／植穴である。いず
れの場合も、従来法に比べて、２割強の増収を見ること
ができた。In the table, the unit of the numerical value is g / planting hole. In each case, we could see more than 20% increase in sales compared to the conventional method.
【図１】本発明方法に使用される装置の説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an apparatus used in the method of the present invention.
【図２】本発明方法によるコマツナの栽培状況を示す図
である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cultivation state of komatsuna by the method of the present invention.
【図３】図２の収穫株の外観を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a view showing the appearance of the harvested plant of FIG. 2;
【図４】従来法によるコマツナの栽培状況を示す図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cultivation state of Komatsuna by a conventional method.
【図５】図４の収穫株の外観を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an appearance of the harvested plant of FIG.
１ 栽培槽 ２ パネル板 ３ 逆円錐形状をなすガイド穴 ４ 根鉢 ５ 培養液 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation tank 2 Panel board 3 Guide hole which makes inverted cone shape 4 Root pot 5 Culture solution
Claims (1)
ル板を栽培槽の底面に対向させて配設し、上記ガイド穴
からセルトレー育成苗の根鉢を落し込んで上記栽培槽の
底面に載置すると共に上記ガイド穴下端内周縁で支え、
その根鉢に培養液を供給して生育させ、その生育過程に
おいては上記根鉢支持部分より上方のガイド穴内周面で
作物の発育方向を規制して、上記ガイド穴内面に沿って
葉や葉柄を伸張肥大させることにより、下葉を含めて株
全体をＶ字状に発育させることを特徴とする葉菜類の水
耕栽培方法。1. A panel plate provided with a large number of inverted conical guide holes is disposed so as to face the bottom of a cultivation tank, and a root pot of a cell tray growing seedling is dropped from the guide hole to form a bottom surface of the cultivation tank. And supported by the inner edge of the lower end of the guide hole,
A culture solution is supplied to the root mortar to grow the plant,
In the inner peripheral surface of the guide hole above the root pot supporting part
Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetables, characterized in that the growth direction of the crop is regulated and the leaves and petiole are extended and enlarged along the inner surface of the guide hole, so that the entire plant including the lower leaf grows in a V-shape. Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04302260A JP3084977B2 (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1992-11-12 | Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetables |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04302260A JP3084977B2 (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1992-11-12 | Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetables |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06141714A JPH06141714A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
| JP3084977B2 true JP3084977B2 (en) | 2000-09-04 |
Family
ID=17906875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04302260A Expired - Fee Related JP3084977B2 (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1992-11-12 | Hydroponic cultivation of leafy vegetables |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3084977B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100854295B1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2008-08-26 | 긴파라 시로 | Method of producing plants, plant cultivating device, and light-emitting panel |
| JP2018099068A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Nutritious liquid cultivation device and nutritious liquid cultivation method |
-
1992
- 1992-11-12 JP JP04302260A patent/JP3084977B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06141714A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
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