JP3078348B2 - Developing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Developing method and apparatus

Info

Publication number
JP3078348B2
JP3078348B2 JP03108696A JP10869691A JP3078348B2 JP 3078348 B2 JP3078348 B2 JP 3078348B2 JP 03108696 A JP03108696 A JP 03108696A JP 10869691 A JP10869691 A JP 10869691A JP 3078348 B2 JP3078348 B2 JP 3078348B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
developer
electric field
developing
electrostatic latent
latent image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP03108696A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH04315174A (en
Inventor
繁和 榎木
弘治 鈴木
尚貴 岩田
祐一 上野
潤子 冨田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP03108696A priority Critical patent/JP3078348B2/en
Publication of JPH04315174A publication Critical patent/JPH04315174A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3078348B2 publication Critical patent/JP3078348B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Developing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電子写真複写機、プリ
ンタあるいはファクシミリ等の画像形成装置に採用され
る現像方法及びその装置に係り、詳しくは現像剤を現像
剤担持体上に担持し、静電潜像担持体と対向する現像部
に搬送して現像を行なう現像方法及びその装置に関する
ものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a developing method and an apparatus used in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine, a printer or a facsimile, and more particularly to a developing method in which a developer is carried on a developer carrier. The present invention relates to a developing method and an apparatus for performing development by transporting the developer to a developing unit facing an electrostatic latent image carrier.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】この種の現像方法としては、表面に現像
剤の薄層を形成した現像剤担持体と静電潜像担持体と
を、現像部において対向させ、この現像部に現像剤担持
体上の現像剤を静電潜像担持体へ転移させ得るような電
界を形成して、静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像を現像する
ものが知られている。そして、この現像方法において
は、現像剤担持体から静電潜像担持体に現像剤が転移す
るための閾値があり、この閾値を超える表面電位を有す
る画像部には、現像剤付着が生じるが、逆に閾値以下の
表面電位を有する画像部にはほとんど現像剤付着が生じ
ないので、所謂γの立った階調性の悪い画像になるとい
う不具合がある。しかし、この不具合は、現像部に比較
的低周波の交互電界を形成することによって解決できる
ことが知られている(例えば、特公昭64−1013号
公報参照)。
2. Description of the Related Art In this type of developing method, a developer carrying member having a thin layer of developer formed on its surface and an electrostatic latent image carrying member are opposed to each other in a developing section. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known an image forming apparatus which forms an electric field capable of transferring a developer on a body to an electrostatic latent image carrier and develops the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier. In this developing method, there is a threshold for transferring the developer from the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier, and the developer may adhere to an image portion having a surface potential exceeding this threshold. On the other hand, since the developer hardly adheres to an image portion having a surface potential equal to or lower than the threshold value, there is a problem that an image having a so-called γ and poor gradation is formed. However, it is known that this problem can be solved by forming an alternating electric field having a relatively low frequency in the developing section (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-1013).

【0003】ところが、単に現像部に低周波の交互電界
を印加するだけでは、交互電界の条件を階調性を向上さ
せ得るものにすると画像濃度が低下し、逆に交互電界の
条件を画像濃度を上げるものにすると画像の線部が太っ
てしまうという問題点があった。又、この種の現像方法
においては、特に現像剤として非磁性トナーを使用する
と、非磁性トナーの往復運動を生じさせた際、トナーが
パウダークラウド化して画像濃度の低下が著しいという
問題点もあった(例えば、特公2−14706号公報
参照)。そして、近年、画像形成装置で作成される画像
の出力情報が多様化するに伴い、従来よりも更に高画質
化が望まれている。そこで、本出願人は、先に「現像剤
担持体上に現像剤を担持し、該現像剤担持体と静電潜像
担持体が互いに対向する現像部において現像を行なう現
像装置において、該現像剤担持体として表面に多数の電
界配置を形成した現像剤担持体と、該現像部に電界を形
成するための電圧印加手段とを有し、該静電潜像担持体
上の電位と、該現像剤担持体上の電位と、該電圧印加手
段によって形成される電界との相互関係で決定される電
界により現像剤の移動を制御することを特徴とする現像
装置」を提案した。かかる現像装置は、現像剤担持体
表面に多数の電界配置を形成して、静電潜像担持体上の
電位と、現像剤担持体上の電位と、電圧印加手段によっ
て形成される電界とで決定される電界により現像剤の移
動を制御し、これにより、静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像
に適量の現像剤を付着させるので、画像濃度が高く、し
かも線図の再現性や階調性にも優れた現像画像を得るこ
とが出来るという利点がある。
However, simply applying a low-frequency alternating electric field to the developing section lowers the image density if the condition of the alternating electric field is such that the gradation property can be improved. However, there is a problem that the line portion of the image becomes thicker when the value is increased. Further, in this type of developing method, particularly when a non-magnetic toner is used as a developer, when the reciprocating motion of the non-magnetic toner is caused, the toner is turned into a powder cloud and the image density is significantly reduced. and (for example, see Japanese Patent Tokuoyake flat 2-14706). In recent years, along with diversification of output information of an image created by an image forming apparatus, higher image quality than ever has been desired. Accordingly, the present applicant has previously described, in a developing device that carries a developer on a developer carrier and performs development in a developing unit where the developer carrier and the electrostatic latent image carrier are opposed to each other, A developer carrier having a large number of electric field arrangements formed on its surface as an agent carrier, and a voltage applying means for forming an electric field in the developing section, and a potential on the electrostatic latent image carrier, A developing device characterized in that the movement of the developer is controlled by an electric field determined by the correlation between the electric potential on the developer carrier and the electric field formed by the voltage applying means. Such a developing device forms a large number of electric fields on the surface of the developer carrier, and forms the electric potential on the electrostatic latent image carrier, the potential on the developer carrier, and the voltage applying means. is to control the movement of the developer by the electric field is determined by the electric field is, thus, the deposit an appropriate amount of the developer to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearing member, the image density is high and the line There is an advantage that a developed image excellent in the reproducibility and gradation of the figure can be obtained.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記の現像
装置に更に改良を加えたしたものであり、その目的とす
るところは、階調性を維持しつつ画像濃度を向上させ且
つ画像の線部の太りも防止することが出来、これによ
り、高画質の画像を得ることを可能にすると共に、部分
的な画像の濃度不足や非画像部の地汚れを防止すること
が出来る現像方法及びその装置を提供することである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a further improvement of the above-mentioned developing device. The object of the present invention is to improve the image density while maintaining the gradation and improve the image quality. A developing method that can also prevent thickening of a line portion, thereby enabling to obtain a high-quality image, and also prevent partial image density insufficiency and non-image portion from being stained; It is to provide the device.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、請求項1の発明は、静電潜像を担持する静電潜像
担持体と現像剤を担持した現像剤担持体とを現像部にお
いて対向させ、該現像部において電圧印加手段でバイア
スを印加して現像をおこなう現像装置において、該現像
担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種類の部分
が規則的に一定のパターンピッチで混在露出してなると
ともに表面に多数の微小電界を形成する現像剤担持体
を用い、該電圧印加手段として、該2種類の部分のうち
比較的抵抗の低いものと該静電潜像担持体の画像部との
間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向きの
1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面に向
かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界とを交互に
形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段、又は、該2種
類の部分のうち比較的抵抗の高いものと該静電潜像担持
体の非画像部との間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に
向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現
像剤を該表面に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度
の電界とを交互に形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手
段を用い、該現像剤担持体の該静電潜像担持体に対する
線速比が、 (該現像剤担持体の移動方向における該パターンピッチ
の幅+該現像部の幅)/該現像部の幅 以上となるように、該現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手段
を設け、該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、該電圧印加手段
によって形成される電界と、該現像剤担持体上の電界
決定される電界により現像剤の移動を制御することを
特徴とするものである。請求項2の発明は、静電潜像を
担持する静電潜像担持体と現像剤を担持した現像剤担持
体とを現像部において対向させ、該現像部において電圧
印加手段でバイアスを印加して現像をおこなう現像装置
において、該現像剤としてシリカ粒子が外添された現像
剤を用い、該現像担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異
なる2種類の部分が規則的に一定のパターンピッチで混
在露出してなるとともに表面に多数の微小電界を形成
する現像剤担持体を用い、該現像剤担持体の該静電潜像
担持体に対する線速比が、 (該現像剤担持体の移動方向における該パターンピッチ
の幅+該現像部の幅)/該現像部の幅 以上となるように、該現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手段
を設け、該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、該電圧印加手段
によって形成される電界と、該現像剤担持体上の電界
決定される電界により現像剤の移動を制御することを
特徴とするものである。請求項3の発明は、請求項1又
は2の現像装置において、上記駆動手段に代え、上記現
像剤担持体の上記静電潜像担持体に対する線速比が、 (上記現像剤担持体の移動方向における上記2種類の部
分うち比較的抵抗の低い部分の幅+上記現像部の幅)/
上記現像の幅 以上となるように、上記現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手
段を設けることを特徴とするものである。請求項4の発
明は、請求項1又は2の現像装置において、上記駆動手
段に代え、上記現像剤担持体の上記静電潜像担持体に対
する線速比が、 (上記現像剤担持体の移動方向における上記2種類の部
分うち比較的抵抗の高い部分の幅+上記現像部の幅)/
上記現像の幅 以上となるように、上記現像剤担持体を駆動する手段を
設けることを特徴とするものである。請求項5の発明
は、請求項1、2、3又は4の現像装置において、上記
現像剤担持体が、上記微小電界により上記現像剤を保
持することを特徴とするものである。請求項6の発明
は、静電潜像を担持する静電潜像担持体と現像剤を担持
した現像剤担持体とを現像部において対向させ、該現像
部においてバイアスを印加して現像をおこなう現像方法
において、該現像剤としてシリカ粒子が外添された現像
剤を用い、該現像剤担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の
異なる2種類の部分が規則的に混在露出してなるととも
に表面に多数の微小電界を形成する現像剤担持体を用
い、該電圧印加手段として、該2種類の部分のうち比較
的抵抗の低いものと該静電潜像担持体の画像部との間
に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向きの1
V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面に向か
わせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界とを交互に形
成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段、又は、該2種類
の部分のうち比較的抵抗の高いものと該静電潜像担持体
の非画像部との間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向
かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現像
剤を該表面に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の
電界とを交互に形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段
を用い、該現像部を通過する該静電潜像担持体上の静電
潜像領域の任意の部分が、該2種類の部分の両方に対向
するように、該静電潜像担持体と該現像剤担持体の表面
の相対的な移動を行い、該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、
該バイアスによる電界と、該現像剤担持体上の電界とで
決定される電界により該現像剤の移動を制御するもので
ある。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to an electrostatic latent image carrier for carrying an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier for carrying a developer. In a developing device in which development is performed by applying a bias by a voltage applying unit in the developing unit so as to be opposed to each other in the developing unit, two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are regularly arranged at a constant pattern pitch as the developing carrier. in using a developer carrying member for forming a large number of fine closed field on the surface together with becomes mixed exposed, as the voltage application means, the two types of relatively low and the latent electrostatic image bearing resistance of the partial An electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more between the developer and the image portion of the body for directing the developer toward the electrostatic latent image carrier and 1 V / μm or more for directing the developer toward the surface; Voltage that can alternately generate an electric field of The developer is applied to the electrostatic latent image carrier between the voltage applying means to be applied, or the relatively high resistance of the two types of portions and the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier. Using a voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed and an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface; The linear velocity ratio of the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier is (width of the pattern pitch in the moving direction of the developer carrier + width of the developing unit) / width of the developing unit. as such, the drive means for driving the developer carrying member is provided, and the potential on the latent electrostatic image bearing member, and the electric field formed by the voltage applying means, an electric field on the developer carrying member
The electric field which is determined in that characterized in that for controlling the movement of the developer. According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electrostatic latent image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier that carries a developer are opposed to each other in a developing section, and a bias is applied by voltage applying means in the developing section. In a developing device, two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are mixed regularly at a constant pattern pitch as the developing carrier using a developer externally added with silica particles. using a developer carrying member exposed composed to form a large number of fine closed field on the surface, the linear velocity ratio latent electrostatic image bearing member of the developer carrying member, (moving direction of the developer carrying member The driving means for driving the developer carrier is provided so as to be equal to or more than the width of the pattern pitch + the width of the developing unit / the width of the developing unit. An electric field formed by the voltage applying means; And the electric field on the image-carrying member
The electric field which is determined in that characterized in that for controlling the movement of the developer. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the developing device according to the first or second aspect, a linear velocity ratio of the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier is changed to: (movement of the developer carrier) Of the two types in the direction, the width of the portion having a relatively low resistance + the width of the developing portion) /
A driving means for driving the developer carrier is provided so as to have a width equal to or larger than the width of the developing unit . According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the developing device according to the first or second aspect, the linear velocity ratio of the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier is changed to: (movement of the developer carrier) Width of the relatively high resistance portion of the two types of portions in the direction + the width of the developing portion) /
A means for driving the developer carrying member is provided so as to have a width equal to or greater than the width of the developing unit . A fifth aspect of the present invention, in the developing apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, the developer carrying member, by the micro-closed field is characterized in that for holding the developer. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, an electrostatic latent image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier that carries a developer are opposed to each other in a developing section, and a bias is applied to the developing section to perform development. In the developing method, a developer to which silica particles are externally added is used as the developer, and as the developer carrier, two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are regularly mixed and exposed, and a large number of portions are exposed on the surface. using a developer carrying member for forming a minute closed electric field, as the voltage application means, between the image portion of the two relatively low in resistance and latent electrostatic image bearing member of the partial, the 1 for directing the developer toward the electrostatic latent image carrier
Voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of not less than V / μm and an electric field having an intensity of not less than 1 V / μm in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface; An electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more between the portion having a relatively high resistance and the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier for causing the developer to move toward the electrostatic latent image carrier. And a voltage application unit for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface. Electrostatic on the body
The relative movement of the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier and the surface of the developer carrier is performed such that an arbitrary portion of the latent image area faces both of the two types of portions, and The potential on the carrier,
And controls the movement of the developer by the electric field which is <br/> determined by the electric field generated by the bias electric field on the developer carrying member.

【0006】[0006]

【作用】請求項1乃至6の発明は、現像剤を担持する現
像剤担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種類の
部分が規則的に混在露出してなるとともに表面に多数の
微小電界を形成する現像剤担持体を用い、この現像剤
担持体と静電潜像担持体が互いに対向する現像部にバイ
アスを印加して、該静電潜像担持体上の電位と該現像剤
担持体上の電位と該電圧印加手段によって形成される電
とで決定される電界により現像剤の移動を制御し、こ
れにより、静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像に適量の現像剤
を付着させるように作用するものである。特に、請求項
1及び6の発明においては、電圧印加手段として、該2
種類の部分のうち比較的抵抗の低いものと該静電潜像担
持体の画像部との間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に
向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現
像剤を該表面に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度
の電界とを交互に形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手
段、又は、該2種類の部分のうち比較的抵抗の高いもの
と該静電潜像担持体の非画像部との間に、該現像剤を該
静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強
度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面に向かわせる向きの1V
/μm以上の強度の電界とを交互に形成し得る電圧を印
加する電圧印加手段を用い、これにより、更に良好に静
電潜像担持体上の静電潜像に適量の現像剤を付着させ
る。又、請求項1、2及び6の発明においては、上記現
像部を通過する上記静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像領域の
任意の部分が、上記2種類の部分の両方に対向するよう
に、上記静電潜像担持体と上記現像剤担持体の表面の相
対的な移動を行い、これにより、上記静電潜像担持体上
の画像部及び非画像部を、上記2種類の部分の両方に対
向させて現像して、部分的な画像の濃度低下及び非画像
部の地汚れの発生を防止する。又、請求項2の発明にお
いては、該現像剤してシリカ粒子が外添されたものを用
い、これにより、該現像剤担持体表面にシリカ粒子から
なる被膜を形成して、該現像剤担持体から該表面上の現
像剤への電荷の注入を防止する。又、請求項3又は4の
発明においては、上記現像部において、上記2種類の部
分のうち所定の一方の部分と対向する該静電潜像担持体
上の全ての部分が、該2種類の部分のうち他方の部分と
も対向するように、上記静電潜像担持体と上記現像剤担
持体の表面の相対的な移動を行い、これにより、上記静
電潜像担持体上の画像部または非画像部が、上記現像部
において上記2種の部分のうち所定の一方の部分のみに
しか対向出来ずに部分的な画像の濃度低下または非画像
部の地汚れが発生するのを防止する。更に、請求項5の
発明においては、上記現像剤担持体が、上記微小電界
により上記現像剤を保持し、充分な量の現像剤を現像部
に搬送する。
[Action] The invention of claim 1 to 6, as a developer carrying member for carrying a developer, resistance or a large number of minute closed electric fields on the surface with two different parts of the dielectric constant is mixed exposed regularly A bias is applied to a developing section where the developer carrier and the electrostatic latent image carrier are opposed to each other to form a potential on the electrostatic latent image carrier and the developer carrier. by an electric field is determined by the electric field formed by the potential on the body and said voltage applying means to control the movement of the developer, thereby, an appropriate amount of the developer to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearing member It acts to adhere. In particular, in the first and sixth aspects of the present invention, the voltage applying means includes
A portion having a strength of 1 V / μm or more in a direction for causing the developer to move toward the electrostatic latent image carrier between a portion having a relatively low resistance among the types of portions and the image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier. Voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field and an electric field having a strength of 1 V / μm or more in a direction for causing the developer to face the surface; An electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction for causing the developer to face the electrostatic latent image carrier, between the high object and the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier; 1V facing the surface
Voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of / μm or more, whereby an appropriate amount of the developer is more appropriately adhered to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier. . Further, in the inventions of claims 1, 2 and 6, the electrostatic latent image area on the electrostatic latent image carrier passing through the developing section is
The relative movement of the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier and the surface of the developer carrier is performed so that an arbitrary portion is opposed to both of the two types of portions. The image portion and the non-image portion on the body are developed so as to face both of the above two types of portions to prevent a partial decrease in image density and the occurrence of background smear in the non-image portion. Further, in the invention of claim 2, the developer to which silica particles are externally added is used, whereby a film made of silica particles is formed on the surface of the developer carrier, and the developer carrier Prevents injection of charge from the body into the developer on the surface. Further, in the invention according to claim 3 or 4, in the developing section, all the portions on the electrostatic latent image carrier facing a predetermined one of the two types of portions are the two types. The relative movement of the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier and the surface of the developer carrier is performed so as to be opposed to the other portion of the portion, whereby the image portion on the electrostatic latent image carrier or The non-image portion can prevent only a predetermined one of the two types of portions in the developing portion from opposing to only one of the two types of portions, thereby preventing a partial decrease in image density or a non-image portion from being stained. Further, in the invention of claim 5, the developer carrying member, by the micro-closed field holding the developer, to transport a sufficient amount of developer to the developing unit.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳細
に説明する。図1は、本発明による現像方法を実施する
ため、一実施例に係る現像装置の全体構成を示す図であ
る。現像装置2のケーシングには感光体ドラム3に対向
する部分に現像用の開口が設けられており、現像ローラ
1はこの開口を介して感光体ドラム3に所定の間隙を保
持してケーシング内に回転可能に設けられている。この
間隙は現像ローラ1が感光体ドラム3と実質的に接触し
ない位置関係になるように、30〜500μm、好まし
くは50〜250μmの間隙に設定される。これによ
り、現像ローラ1を感光体ドラム3に接触させて静電潜
像を現像するときのような過大な負荷を必要としなくな
り、駆動モータを小型のものにすることが可能となる。
そして、この現像ローラ1は後に詳述するような線速に
なるように矢印方向に回転駆動される。ケーシング内に
構成されたトナータンク5にはアジテータ6が設けら
れ、これが矢印で示す時計方向に回転駆動されて、その
先端部分の抵抗でトナー7を撹拌すると共に図において
左方の現像ローラ1側に移動する。そして、トナー7と
してはシリカ粒子が外添されたものを用いることが好ま
しい。このシリカ粒子が外添されたトナーを用いること
による作用効果については後に説明する。現像ローラ1
の右側にはトナー供給ローラ8が当接するように設けら
れ、矢印方向に回転駆動されている。該ローラ8は、ウ
レタンゴムを発泡させて作られたスポンジ材料や、ポリ
エステル、4弗化エチレン樹脂等を繊維にしてブラシ状
にしたものにより構成される。このトナー供給ローラ8
はアジテータ6により搬送されてきたトナー7を現像ロ
ーラ1の表面に順方向あるいは逆方向にこすり付けて供
給すると共に、現像に使用されずに現像ローラ1上に残
って戻ってきたトナー7を掻き落す作用をするものであ
る。現像ローラ1の上部には、該ローラ1に担持搬送さ
れるトナー層の層厚を規制するブレード部材4が弾発的
に圧接するように設けられており、これによりトナー供
給ローラ8の回転にともない現像ローラ1上に供給され
たトナー7を層厚規制するようにされている。ブレード
部材4は、弾性を有する板ばねにウレタンゴム等のトナ
ー帯電性能を有する材料を貼り合わせて製作しても、あ
るいは弾性を有する部材をそのまま用いても良い。ブレ
ード部材4は、現像ローラ1の回転方向に対して図に示
すごとくトレーリング方向に設けても良いし、逆方向の
リーディング方向に設けても良い。このブレード部材4
に代え、規制ローラや規制ベルトを用いても良い。尚、
現像ローラ1及びトナー供給ローラ8には、現像バイア
ス印加手段9が接続されている。又、ブレード部材4に
バイアス印加手段9を接続しても良い。かくして、トナ
ータンク5のトナー7は、アジテータ6でトナー供給ロ
ーラ8近傍に供給され、トナー供給ローラ8と現像ロー
ラ1との相互摩擦により発生する摩擦帯電作用によりト
ナー7自体も帯電して現像ローラ1の表面に静電的に担
持される。そして現像ローラ1の回転により搬送されて
現像ローラ1の上方に弾発的に圧接するブレード部材4
により層厚規制され、感光体ドラム3と現像ローラ1と
が対向する現像部に搬送される。そして、この現像部に
おいて、感光体ドラム3上に形成された静電潜像に、バ
イアス電圧印加の下に静電潜像に応じて所要量のトナー
7が現像ローラ1から転移されて現像が行なわれる。こ
こで、現像バイアス印加手段9よる現像バイアスとして
は、直流電界に加えて交流電界を組み合わせて用いるこ
とが出来る。交流電界としては、矩形波のパルス電界
を、周波数300〜2000Hz、好ましくは500〜
1500Hzの範囲に設定すると共に、その高電圧部の
時間と低電圧部の時間との1サイクルの時間に対する比
率を異なる比率とした波形にして用いると、低電圧部分
のシャープ性も良く、高電圧部分の画像濃度が高く、し
かも地肌汚れの少ない優れた現像画像を得ることが出来
る。上記の高電圧部の時間と低電圧部の時間との比率
(デューティー比という)としては、静電潜像の極性と
トナー7の極性によってその最適比率が異なるが、例え
ば負の静電潜像を負極性トナー7で反転現像する場合、
高電圧部(例えば−100V以上)の時間と低電圧部
(例えば−800V以下)の時間との比率を5〜18:
2〜8とすれば良い。正規現像の際は、概ねこの比率を
逆転して用いれば同様の低電位部分のシャープ性も良
く、高電位部分の画像濃度が高く、しかも地肌汚れの少
ない優れた現像画像を得ることが出来る。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a developing device according to one embodiment for performing a developing method according to the present invention. The casing of the developing device 2 is provided with an opening for development at a portion opposed to the photosensitive drum 3, and the developing roller 1 is held in the casing with a predetermined gap between the photosensitive drum 3 through this opening. It is provided rotatably. This gap is set to 30 to 500 μm, preferably 50 to 250 μm so that the developing roller 1 does not substantially contact the photosensitive drum 3. This eliminates the need for an excessive load as in the case where the developing roller 1 is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 3 to develop an electrostatic latent image, and the drive motor can be reduced in size.
The developing roller 1 is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow so as to have a linear velocity as described in detail later. An agitator 6 is provided in the toner tank 5 formed in the casing, and is driven to rotate clockwise as shown by an arrow, to agitate the toner 7 by the resistance of the tip portion thereof and to the left side of the developing roller 1 in the figure. Go to It is preferable to use a toner 7 to which silica particles are externally added. The function and effect of using the toner to which silica particles are externally added will be described later. Developing roller 1
A toner supply roller 8 is provided on the right side of the roller so as to be in contact therewith, and is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow. The roller 8 is made of a sponge material made by foaming urethane rubber, or a brush made of polyester, tetrafluoroethylene resin, or the like as a fiber. This toner supply roller 8
Supplies the toner 7 conveyed by the agitator 6 to the surface of the developing roller 1 by rubbing it in the forward or reverse direction, and scrapes the toner 7 remaining on the developing roller 1 without being used for development. It acts to drop. A blade member 4 for regulating the thickness of the toner layer carried and conveyed by the roller 1 is provided on the upper portion of the developing roller 1 so as to resiliently press against the toner layer. The thickness of the toner 7 supplied onto the developing roller 1 is regulated. The blade member 4 may be manufactured by attaching a material having a toner charging property such as urethane rubber to an elastic leaf spring, or may use an elastic member as it is. The blade member 4 may be provided in the trailing direction as shown in the drawing with respect to the rotation direction of the developing roller 1, or may be provided in the leading direction opposite to the rotating direction. This blade member 4
Instead, a regulating roller or a regulating belt may be used. still,
A developing bias applying unit 9 is connected to the developing roller 1 and the toner supply roller 8. Further, the bias applying means 9 may be connected to the blade member 4. Thus, the toner 7 in the toner tank 5 is supplied to the vicinity of the toner supply roller 8 by the agitator 6, and the toner 7 itself is also charged by the frictional charging effect generated by the mutual friction between the toner supply roller 8 and the developing roller 1, so that the developing roller 1 is electrostatically carried on the surface. The blade member 4 is conveyed by the rotation of the developing roller 1 and resiliently presses above the developing roller 1.
Thus, the photosensitive drum 3 and the developing roller 1 are transported to the developing section where the photosensitive drum 3 and the developing roller 1 are opposed to each other. Then, in this developing section, a required amount of toner 7 is transferred from the developing roller 1 to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 3 according to the electrostatic latent image under application of a bias voltage, and development is performed. Done. Here, as a developing bias by the developing bias applying unit 9, an AC electric field can be used in combination with a DC electric field. As the AC electric field, a rectangular pulse electric field is applied at a frequency of 300 to 2000 Hz, preferably 500 to 2000 Hz.
When the waveform is set to a range of 1500 Hz and the ratio of the time of the high voltage portion to the time of the low voltage portion with respect to the time of one cycle is different, the sharpness of the low voltage portion is improved, and the high voltage portion is improved. It is possible to obtain an excellent developed image in which the image density of the portion is high and the background smear is small. The ratio (duty ratio) between the time of the high voltage portion and the time of the low voltage portion is different depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image and the polarity of the toner 7. Is developed in reverse with the negative polarity toner 7,
The ratio of the time of the high voltage part (for example, −100 V or more) to the time of the low voltage part (for example, −800 V or less) is 5 to 18:
What is necessary is just to set it as 2-8. In the case of normal development, if this ratio is generally reversed, an excellent developed image can be obtained in which similar low-potential portions have good sharpness, high-potential portions have high image density, and less background smear.

【0008】ところで、本実施例では、現像ローラ1を
表面に抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種類の部分が規則的
に混在露出するように構成する。図2(a)はこのよう
な現像ローラ1の一例の外観を示す斜視図、図2(b)
はその表面部の拡大断面図である。この例の現像ローラ
1は、導電性材料、例えばアルミニウム等の金属素材あ
るいは導電性ゴムや導電性プラスチック21のローラの
表面に網目状にローレット加工を施し、その条痕にポリ
カーボネート、アクリル、ポリエステル、4弗化エチレ
ン等の誘電体樹脂を摺り込んで充填し、微細な網目状の
絶縁性領域面22を形成すると共に、これに接して微細
な導電性領域面21を形成している。図4の(a)、
(b)、(c)は夫々、表面にローレット加工により周
方向に対して45度の角度を持った条痕を形成して上記
工程で導電性領域面21と絶縁性領域面22がアヤメ状
に形成した例を示すものであり、これらの例ではローレ
ットのピッチPを0.3mmとし、絶縁性領域面22の巾
Wを夫々、W1=0.075mm、W2=0.15mm、W
3=0.225mmとし、現像ローラ1表面にパターンピ
ッチ0.3mmで絶縁性領域面22と導電性領域面21と
が混在するように構成している。微細な導電性領域面2
1と絶縁性領域面22を形成する方法は上記の例に限ら
れるものではなく、各種の方法が採用可能である。絶縁
性領域の大きさは平均直径として30〜2000μm、
好ましくは50〜1000μmである。絶縁性領域面2
2の形状が例えば円形であるときは、その径D1(図3
参照)を30乃至2000μm、好ましくは100乃至
400μm程度に設定し、その中心間距離P1を、適宜
バランス良く設定する。又絶縁性領域面22の形状が矩
形であるときは、その一番短い辺の長さを30乃至20
00μm程度とする。同様に、絶縁性領域面22の形状
が長円形乃至は楕円形であるときは、その短軸側の幅を
30乃至2000μm程度とする。絶縁性領域面22の
形状が他の形状のときも、これらに準じて、その幅を3
0乃至2000μm程度とする。又、その占有面積比率
としては、現像ローラ1表面積の50〜80%、好まし
くは65〜75%とすれば良い。現像ローラ1の構造を
このようにすることによって、トナー供給ローラ8でト
ナー7を現像ローラ1にこすりつける時に生ずる摩擦帯
電作用によりトナー7を帯電して現像ローラ1の表面に
充分な量のトナー7を担持することが出来る。
In the present embodiment, the developing roller 1 is configured such that two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are regularly mixedly exposed on the surface. FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing an external appearance of an example of such a developing roller 1, and FIG.
Is an enlarged sectional view of a surface portion thereof. The developing roller 1 of this example is formed by applying a knurling process to the surface of a roller made of a conductive material, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, or a conductive rubber or a conductive plastic 21, and applying a polycarbonate, acrylic, polyester, A dielectric resin such as ethylene tetrafluoride is rubbed in and filled to form a fine mesh-shaped insulating region surface 22 and to form a fine conductive region surface 21 in contact therewith. FIG. 4A,
(B) and (c) respectively show a streak having an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction formed by knurling on the surface, and the conductive region surface 21 and the insulating region surface 22 are iris-shaped in the above process. In these examples, the pitch P of the knurl is 0.3 mm, and the width W of the insulating region surface 22 is W1 = 0.075 mm, W2 = 0.15 mm, W2
3 is set to 0.225 mm, and the insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21 are mixed at a pattern pitch of 0.3 mm on the surface of the developing roller 1. Fine conductive area surface 2
1 and the method of forming the insulating region surface 22 are not limited to the above example, and various methods can be adopted. The size of the insulating region is 30 to 2000 μm as an average diameter,
Preferably it is 50 to 1000 μm. Insulating area surface 2
2 is, for example, a circle, its diameter D1 (FIG. 3)
) Is set to about 30 to 2000 μm, preferably about 100 to 400 μm, and the center-to-center distance P1 is appropriately set in a well-balanced manner. When the shape of the insulating region surface 22 is rectangular, the length of the shortest side is 30 to 20.
It is about 00 μm. Similarly, when the shape of the insulating region surface 22 is an ellipse or an ellipse, the width on the minor axis side is about 30 to 2000 μm. When the shape of the insulating region surface 22 is another shape, the width thereof is set to 3 according to these.
The thickness is about 0 to 2000 μm. The occupied area ratio may be 50 to 80%, preferably 65 to 75% of the surface area of the developing roller 1. With the structure of the developing roller 1, a sufficient amount of toner is charged on the surface of the developing roller 1 by charging the toner 7 by a frictional charging effect generated when the toner 7 is rubbed against the developing roller 1 by the toner supply roller 8. 7 can be carried.

【0009】この点について更に詳述する。現像ローラ
1の絶縁性領域面22は、トナー供給ローラ6との摩擦
によってトナー7の帯電極性と反対の正極性に帯電され
る。一方、トナー供給ローラ8の周面に接触しながら現
像ローラ1に運ばれるトナー7は、トナー供給ローラ8
との摩擦によって負極性に摩擦帯電され、現像ローラ1
に供給されるが、このときこの現像ローラ1、特にその
絶縁性領域面22との摩擦により更に負極性に強く摩擦
帯電され、現像ローラ1の周面に静電的に付着する。こ
のとき、現像ローラ1の各絶縁性領域面22は正極性に
摩擦帯電していて、各絶縁性領域面22に接して導電性
領域面21が存在するので、現像ローラ1の表面は、多
数の絶縁性領域面22のところだけに選択的に正極性の
電荷が付与された状態となっている。これにより図3に
示すように、正に帯電した各絶縁性領域面22とそれに
接した導電性領域面21との間に閉電界が形成され、現
像ローラ1の表面の近傍には無数の微小閉電界(マイク
ロフィールド)が形成される。即ち、電界の状態を表す
電気力線を考えた場合、現像ローラ1の表面近傍の空間
には、図3に円弧状の多数の線で表したように現像ロー
ラ1から出て同一の現像ローラ1に戻る電気力線が形成
され、各絶縁性領域面22と導電性領域面21との間に
閉電界が形成されるのである。各絶縁性領域面22の面
積は前述のように微小であるため、各閉電界はフリンジ
ング効果(周辺電場効果)によってその強度が大変強く
なる。かかる閉電界によって、負に帯電したトナー7は
絶縁性領域面22に強く引かれ、該ローラ1上に多量に
離れがたい状態で保持される。しかも、現像ローラ1に
保持されたトナー7がブレード部材4によって層厚を規
制されるとき、帯電の充分なトナー7は微小閉電界によ
って現像ローラ1の表面に強く保持されるが、帯電量の
小さなトナー7はブレード部材4との接触圧によって除
去され、結局、帯電量の大なるトナー7、例えば、5乃
至20(好ましくは10乃至15)μC/g程度に帯電
されたトナー7だけが現像部へ運ばれる。
This point will be described in more detail. The insulating region surface 22 of the developing roller 1 is charged to a positive polarity opposite to the charging polarity of the toner 7 by friction with the toner supply roller 6. On the other hand, the toner 7 conveyed to the developing roller 1 while being in contact with the peripheral surface of the toner supply roller 8 is
Is negatively charged by friction with the developing roller 1
At this time, the toner is further frictionally charged to the negative polarity by friction with the developing roller 1, particularly its insulating region surface 22, and is electrostatically attached to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 1. At this time, each insulating region surface 22 of the developing roller 1 is frictionally charged to a positive polarity, and the conductive region surface 21 is in contact with each insulating region surface 22. The positive charge is selectively applied only to the insulating region surface 22 of FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, a closed electric field is formed between each positively charged insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21 in contact therewith, and countless minute electric fields are formed near the surface of the developing roller 1. A closed electric field (microfield) is formed. That is, when considering the lines of electric force indicating the state of the electric field, the space near the surface of the developing roller 1 exits from the developing roller 1 as shown by a number of arc-shaped lines in FIG. 1 is formed, and a closed electric field is formed between each insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21. Since the area of each insulating region surface 22 is minute as described above, the intensity of each closed electric field is greatly increased by the fringing effect (peripheral electric field effect). Due to such a closed electric field, the negatively charged toner 7 is strongly attracted to the insulating area surface 22 and is held on the roller 1 in a state where it is hard to separate. Further, when the layer thickness of the toner 7 held on the developing roller 1 is regulated by the blade member 4, the toner 7 having a sufficient charge is strongly held on the surface of the developing roller 1 by the minute closed electric field. The small toner 7 is removed by the contact pressure with the blade member 4, so that only the toner 7 having a large charge amount, for example, the toner 7 charged to about 5 to 20 (preferably 10 to 15) μC / g, is developed. Transported to the department.

【0010】そして、現像部においては、現像バイアス
として印加する矩形波パルス等の電界が現像ローラ1表
面に存在する導電性領域面21と絶縁性領域面22との
間の微小電界と、帯電したトナー7とに作用して、静電
潜像の現像に好適な力学的エネルギーを与えるものと考
えられる。尚、現像ローラ1の表面に導電性領域面21
と絶縁性領域面22とを混在させたことにより、現像ロ
ーラ1とトナー供給ローラ8のチャージアップが防止さ
れる。その理由としては、絶縁性領域面22ではトナー
を帯電し、導電性領域面21ではトナー供給ローラの除
電を行ない、全体としてバランスのとれた帯電状態を維
持する為と考えられる。
In the developing section, an electric field such as a rectangular wave pulse applied as a developing bias is charged with a minute electric field between the conductive region surface 21 and the insulating region surface 22 existing on the surface of the developing roller 1. It is considered that this acts on the toner 7 to provide dynamic energy suitable for developing the electrostatic latent image. The conductive area surface 21 is provided on the surface of the developing roller 1.
And the insulating region surface 22 are mixed, thereby preventing the developing roller 1 and the toner supply roller 8 from being charged up. It is considered that the reason is that the toner is charged on the insulating region surface 22 and the toner supply roller is discharged on the conductive region surface 21 to maintain a well-balanced charged state as a whole.

【0011】次に、現像ローラ1の線速について説明す
る。本実施例においては、感光体ドラム3上の静電潜像
領域(トナーが付着すべき画像部と画像中の地肌に相当
する非画像部からなる領域)の全ての部分が、現像部を
通過している間に、現像ローラ1の絶縁性領域面22と
導電性領域面21の両方に対向するように、線速を設定
する。図8は現像部における現像ローラ1と感光体ドラ
ム3の断面図を示すものであり、同図中に、現像ローラ
1の移動方向(周方向)における導電性領域面21と絶
縁性領域面22との合計の長さである、移動方向におけ
るパターンピッチの幅をlp、同方向における導電部領
域面の長さをlm、同方向における絶縁部領域面の長さ
をld、同方向における現像部の幅(現像ニップ幅)を
lnとして示している。ここで、感光体ドラム3上の任
意の部分が現像部を通過する所要時間内に、現像ローラ
1の表面が少なくともパターンピッチlpと現像ニップ
幅lnを合計した距離を移動するように現像ローラ1を
駆動するすれは、上記の線速を得ることが出来る。この
ときの感光体ドラム3の線速をVp、現像ローラ1の線
速をVRとすると、感光体ドラムの線速Vpに対する現像
ローラの線速VRの線速比VR/Vpは下式(1)の関係
を満足するものである。 VR/Vp ≧ (lp+ln)/ln (1)
Next, the linear velocity of the developing roller 1 will be described. In this embodiment, all portions of the electrostatic latent image area on the photosensitive drum 3 (the area including the image area to which the toner is to adhere and the non-image area corresponding to the background in the image) pass through the developing section. During this operation, the linear velocity is set so as to oppose both the insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21 of the developing roller 1. FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the developing roller 1 and the photosensitive drum 3 in the developing section. In FIG. 8, the conductive region surface 21 and the insulating region surface 22 in the moving direction (circumferential direction) of the developing roller 1 are shown. The width of the pattern pitch in the moving direction is lp, the length of the conductive portion region surface in the same direction is lm, the length of the insulating portion region surface in the same direction is ld, and the developing portion in the same direction. (Developing nip width) is shown as ln. Here, the developing roller 1 is moved so that the surface of the developing roller 1 moves at least a distance obtained by adding the pattern pitch lp and the developing nip width ln within a time required for an arbitrary portion on the photosensitive drum 3 to pass through the developing section. , The above linear velocity can be obtained. Assuming that the linear velocity of the photosensitive drum 3 at this time is Vp and the linear velocity of the developing roller 1 is VR, the linear velocity ratio VR / Vp of the linear velocity VR of the developing roller to the linear velocity Vp of the photosensitive drum is expressed by the following equation (1). ). VR / Vp ≧ (lp + ln) / ln (1)

【0012】次に、トナー7にシリカ粒子を外添したこ
とによる作用効果について説明する。図9(a)は、現
像ローラ1表面のトナー7及びシリカ粒子30の様子を
示した模式図である。この図のように、トナー7ととも
に現像ローラ1表面に供給されたシリカ粒子30は、ト
ナー7等との摩擦で、これ例の場合には正極性に帯電し
ており、このため負の電荷をもつ導電性領域面21上に
付着し、これにより、被膜を形成する。このシリカ粒子
からなる被膜によって、例えば、図9(b)に示す直流
マイナス500ボルトを重畳した、P−P1200ボル
トのパルス電圧を印加して現像を行うときのように導電
性領域面21からトナー7への電荷注入が起こりえるよ
うな電界が形成される時期が発生する場合にも、トナー
7への電荷注入を防止、これにより、トナーの7帯電量
の低下又は逆帯電を防止できる。すなわち、例えば、図
9(b)に示す現像バイアスを印加した場合、トナー7
を感光体3側から現像ローラ1側へ移転させる向きの電
界が最大になる+100の時点には、感光体3側から導
電性領域面21に移転してきたトナー7や、既に導電性
領域面21上に付着していたトナー7には、図9(c)
に模式的に示すように、+100ボルトの電圧が導電性
領域面21を介して印加される状態になる。このため、
導電性領域面21からトナー7へ正極性の電荷が注入さ
れ、トナー7の帯電量が低下したり、又、所望の極性と
は逆の極性である正極性に帯電する恐れがある。このよ
うなトナー7の帯電量の低下等が発生した場合には画像
の地汚れが発生する。本実施例によれば、上記のように
導電性領域面21上にシリカ粒子からなる被膜が形成さ
れるので、このような導電性領域面21からトナー7へ
の電荷注入を防止し、これにより、画像上の地汚れを防
止することが出来る。又、現像部に交番電界を形成して
トナー7を現像ローラ1と感光体ドラム3の間で転移・
逆転移させるにあたって、トナー7の交番電界への応答
性を向上させることもできる。
Next, the function and effect of externally adding silica particles to the toner 7 will be described. FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram illustrating a state of the toner 7 and the silica particles 30 on the surface of the developing roller 1. As shown in this figure, the silica particles 30 supplied to the surface of the developing roller 1 together with the toner 7 are charged to a positive polarity in this case due to friction with the toner 7 and the like. On the conductive region surface 21 to form a coating. The coating made of the silica particles causes the toner to be transferred from the conductive region surface 21 as in the case of performing development by applying a pulse voltage of 1200 volts of P-P in which DC minus 500 volts as shown in FIG. Even when a time occurs when an electric field is generated such that charge injection into the toner 7 can occur, the charge injection into the toner 7 can be prevented, thereby preventing the toner 7 from decreasing in charge amount or reverse charging. That is, for example, when the developing bias shown in FIG.
When the electric field in the direction of transferring the toner from the photoconductor 3 side to the developing roller 1 side becomes +100, the toner 7 transferred from the photoconductor 3 side to the conductive area surface 21 or the conductive area surface 21 FIG. 9C shows the toner 7 adhering to the top.
As shown schematically, a voltage of +100 volts is applied through the conductive region surface 21. For this reason,
Positive charges are injected into the toner 7 from the conductive region surface 21, and the charge amount of the toner 7 may be reduced, or the toner 7 may be charged to a positive polarity which is a polarity opposite to a desired polarity. When such a decrease in the charge amount of the toner 7 occurs, the image becomes soiled. According to this embodiment, since the coating made of silica particles is formed on the conductive region surface 21 as described above, charge injection from such a conductive region surface 21 to the toner 7 is prevented, whereby In addition, it is possible to prevent background contamination on an image. Further, an alternating electric field is formed in the developing section to transfer the toner 7 between the developing roller 1 and the photosensitive drum 3.
In performing the reverse transition, the responsiveness of the toner 7 to the alternating electric field can be improved.

【0013】以下、本実施例のより具体的な例について
説明する。この具体例では、感光体ドラム3としてOP
Cを用い、地肌部の表面電位を−900V、露光部の電
位を−100Vとして、図4(b)に示す表面形状を備
えた現像ローラ1を感光体ドラム3の表面と100μm
の間隙をおいて対向配置し、感光体ドラム3を矢印で示
す向きに線速Vp120mm/sで、現像ローラ1を矢印で
示す向きに線速VR145mm/sでそれぞれ駆動して反転
現像を行なったものである。この現像ローラ1表面の絶
縁性領域面22は、トナー供給ローラ8でこすられて接
地を基準とした電位が+200Vになる量の電荷を保持
し、これにより、負極性に帯電したトナー7を約1.0
〜1.2mg/cm2担持した。そして、この現像ロー
ラ1に現像バイアス印加手段9でピーク・ツウ・ピーク
(以下、P−Pという)1000V、最高電位0V、周
波数500Hz、デューティー比30%(T2/T1)の
パルス電圧を印加した。
Hereinafter, a more specific example of this embodiment will be described. In this specific example, the photosensitive drum 3 is OP
4C, the developing roller 1 having the surface shape shown in FIG. 4B was set to a surface potential of −900 V and a potential of the exposed portion to −100 V, and the developing roller 1 having the surface shape shown in FIG.
The photosensitive drum 3 is driven at a linear velocity Vp of 120 mm / s in the direction indicated by the arrow, and the developing roller 1 is driven at a linear velocity VR of 145 mm / s in the direction indicated by the arrow to perform reversal development. Things. The insulative area surface 22 on the surface of the developing roller 1 holds an amount of electric charge that is rubbed by the toner supply roller 8 so that the electric potential with respect to the ground becomes +200 V, whereby the negatively charged toner 7 is removed. 1.0
1.21.2 mg / cm 2 . Then, a pulse voltage having a peak-to-peak (hereinafter referred to as PP) 1000 V, a maximum potential of 0 V, a frequency of 500 Hz, and a duty ratio of 30% (T 2 / T 1 ) is applied to the developing roller 1 by the developing bias applying means 9. Applied.

【0014】ここで、この例の現像ローラ1は、図8で
示すパターンピッチlp=0.42mm、導電性領域面の
長さlm=0.21mm、絶縁部領域面の長さld=0.
21mmとなるので、感光体ドラム線速Vpに対する現像
ローラ線速Vrの線速比VR/Vpの値は約1.2とな
り、上記式(1)を満足する((lp+ln)/ln=
1.14)。従って、感光体ドラム3上の静電潜像領域
の全ての部分が、現像部を通過している間に、現像ロー
ラ1の絶縁性領域面22と導電性領域面21の両方に対
向するものとなっている。
The developing roller 1 of this embodiment has a pattern pitch lp = 0.42 mm, a length lm = 0.21 mm of a conductive region surface, and a length ld = 0.21 mm of a surface of an insulating region shown in FIG.
21 mm, the value of the linear velocity ratio VR / Vp of the developing roller linear velocity Vr to the photosensitive drum linear velocity Vp is about 1.2, which satisfies the above equation (1) ((lp + ln) / ln =
1.14). Therefore, all portions of the electrostatic latent image area on the photosensitive drum 3 face both the insulating area surface 22 and the conductive area surface 21 of the developing roller 1 while passing through the developing section. It has become.

【0015】図5は接地を基準とした現像ローラ1の表
面電位の時間的変化を示したものであり、(a)は絶縁
性領域面22の表面電位について、(b)は導電性領域
面21の表面電位について示している。これらの図中に
は、感光体ドラム3表面の地肌部の表面電位のレベル
(−900V)及び露光部の表面電位のレベル(−10
0V)を水平線として夫々示している。図5(a)中の
絶縁性領域面22の表面電位の時間的変化を示す矩形連
続線から判るように、絶縁性領域面22の表面電位は、
現像バイアス印加手段9による印加電圧が保持した電荷
で+200Vだけ偏倚された電位になる。一方、導電性
領域面21の表面電位は、図5(b)中のこの領域面2
1の表面電位の時間的変化を示す矩形連続線から判るよ
うに、現像バイアス印加手段9による印加電圧そのもの
になる。
FIGS. 5A and 5B show the change over time of the surface potential of the developing roller 1 with respect to the ground. FIG. 5A shows the surface potential of the insulating region surface 22, and FIG. 21 shows the surface potential. In these figures, the surface potential level (−900 V) of the background portion of the photosensitive drum 3 and the surface potential level (−10 V) of the exposed portion are shown.
0V) are shown as horizontal lines. As can be seen from the continuous rectangular line showing the change over time in the surface potential of the insulating region surface 22 in FIG.
The potential applied by the developing bias applying means 9 becomes a potential deviated by +200 V with the retained charge. On the other hand, the surface potential of the conductive region surface 21 is equal to that of the region surface 2 in FIG.
As can be seen from the continuous rectangular line showing the temporal change of the surface potential of No. 1, the applied voltage itself by the developing bias applying means 9 is obtained.

【0016】次に以上のように現像ローラ1表面の電位
が変化する場合の現像ローラ1表面と感光体ドラム3と
の間の電界について説明する。この電界は現像ローラ1
表面の絶縁性領域面22上と導電性領域面21上との何
れであるかによって、更に、夫々の領域面22,22に
ついて感光体ドラム3の画像部と地肌部との何れに対向
しているかによって異なる。
Next, an electric field between the surface of the developing roller 1 and the photosensitive drum 3 when the potential of the surface of the developing roller 1 changes as described above will be described. This electric field is applied to the developing roller 1
Depending on whether the surface is on the insulating region surface 22 or the conductive region surface 21, the respective region surfaces 22, 22 are further opposed to either the image portion or the background portion of the photosensitive drum 3. It depends on what

【0017】図6は、これらのうち図5(b)に示すよ
うな表面電位の時間的変化を生じる導電性領域面21上
の電界を説明するためのものであり、図6(a)はこの
領域面21が感光体ドラム3の画像部(露光部)に対向
している場合の両者の電位差の時間的変化を示し、図6
(b)はこの領域面21が感光体ドラム3の非画像部
(未露光部)に対向している場合の両者の電位差の時間
的変化を示す。又、図7は図5(a)に示すような表面
電位の時間的変化を生じる絶縁性領域面22上の電界を
説明するためのものであり、図7(a)はこの領域面2
2が感光体ドラム3の画像部(露光部)に対向している
場合の両者の電位差の時間的変化を示し、図7(b)は
この領域面22が感光体ドラム3の非画像部(未露光
部)に対向している場合の両者の電位差の時間的変化を
示す。
FIG. 6 is a view for explaining an electric field on the conductive region surface 21 which causes a temporal change of the surface potential as shown in FIG. 5B, and FIG. FIG. 6 shows a temporal change of a potential difference between the area surface 21 and the image portion (exposure portion) of the photosensitive drum 3 when the region surface 21 faces the image portion.
(B) shows a temporal change of a potential difference between the area surface 21 and the non-image portion (unexposed portion) of the photosensitive drum 3 when the surface 21 faces the non-image portion. FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an electric field on the insulating region surface 22 which causes a temporal change in the surface potential as shown in FIG. 5A. FIG.
7 shows a temporal change of the potential difference between the photosensitive drum 3 and the image portion (exposure portion) of the photosensitive drum 3, and FIG. 5 shows a temporal change in a potential difference between the two when the light-receiving portion is opposed to an unexposed portion).

【0018】これらの図においては、電界が現像ローラ
1表面に担持されたトナー7あるいは感光体ドラム3の
表面に担持されたトナー7に静電気力を及ぼすものであ
ることから、この静電気力の方向を区別するためにトナ
ー7が感光体ドラム3に向かう方向の電界に対応する上
記電位差を正、現像ローラ1に向かう方向の電界に対応
する上記電位差を負として表わしている。又、実験によ
って確認された、現像ローラ1上のトナー7が感光体ド
ラム3へ転移する上記電位差の閾値+100Vのレベル
と、感光体ドラム3上のトナー7が現像ローラ1の方へ
転移する電界の閾値−100Vのレベルとを夫々水平線
で示し、且つ、この閾値を越えてトナー7の転移に寄与
する電界に対応する部分を斜線で表している。
In these figures, since the electric field exerts an electrostatic force on the toner 7 carried on the surface of the developing roller 1 or the toner 7 carried on the surface of the photosensitive drum 3, the direction of this electrostatic force is The potential difference corresponding to the electric field in the direction of the toner 7 toward the photosensitive drum 3 is expressed as positive, and the electric potential difference corresponding to the electric field in the direction toward the developing roller 1 is expressed as negative. Also, the level of the above-mentioned potential difference threshold +100 V at which the toner 7 on the developing roller 1 transfers to the photosensitive drum 3 and the electric field at which the toner 7 on the photosensitive drum 3 transfers to the developing roller 1 have been confirmed by experiments. And the level of −100 V are indicated by horizontal lines, and portions corresponding to electric fields exceeding the threshold and contributing to the transfer of the toner 7 are indicated by oblique lines.

【0019】尚、上記の実験は現像ローラ1と感光体ド
ラム3との間隙を100μmとして、現像ローラ1に直
流電圧を印加し、この直流電圧の値を変化させながらト
ナーの転移を観察したものである。この例では現像電界
の閾値は1V/μmであることが判った。又、この時用
いたトナー7の帯電電荷量を調べたところ約10μC/
gであった。
In the above experiment, a DC voltage was applied to the developing roller 1 with the gap between the developing roller 1 and the photosensitive drum 3 being 100 μm, and the toner transfer was observed while changing the value of the DC voltage. It is. In this example, it was found that the threshold value of the developing electric field was 1 V / μm. The charge amount of the toner 7 used at this time was examined to be about 10 μC /
g.

【0020】現像ローラ1の導電性領域面21上に存在
するトナー7は、感光体ドラム3の画像部と対向する場
合には図12(a)の斜線部で示されるように、+10
00Vの正電界になっときに感光体ドラム3の方向に転
移するものと考えられ、感光体ドラム3の非画像部と対
向する場合には、図12(b)の斜線部で示されるよう
にトナーの転移に寄与する電界として、−800Vの負
電界と+200Vの正電界が交互に現われ、正電界のと
きは現像ローラ1から感光体ドラム3へ、負電界のとき
は感光体ドラム3から現像ローラ1へ転移するが、負電
界による感光体ドラム3から現像ローラ1への転移が生
じている期間の方が充分長く、且つ、転移力も大きいの
で、正電界で感光体ドラムに転移するトナー7が生じた
としても再び現像ローラ1へ転移してるものと考えられ
る。
When the toner 7 present on the conductive area surface 21 of the developing roller 1 is opposed to the image area of the photosensitive drum 3, as shown by the hatched portion in FIG.
When a positive electric field of 00 V is applied, the transfer is considered to be in the direction of the photosensitive drum 3, and when the electric field is opposed to the non-image portion of the photosensitive drum 3, as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. As an electric field contributing to toner transfer, a negative electric field of -800 V and a positive electric field of +200 V appear alternately. When the electric field is positive, the developing roller 1 moves to the photosensitive drum 3. Although the toner is transferred to the roller 1, the period during which the transfer from the photosensitive drum 3 to the developing roller 1 is caused by the negative electric field is sufficiently longer and the transfer force is large. It is considered that the transfer to the developing roller 1 occurs again even if the image occurs.

【0021】同様に、現像ローラ1の絶縁性領域面22
上に存在するトナー7は、感光体ドラム3の画像部と対
向する場合には、図13(a)の斜線部で示されるよう
にトナーの転移に寄与する電界として、+800Vの正
電界と−200Vの負電界が交互に現われ、正電界のと
きは現像ローラ1から感光体ドラム3へ、負電界のとき
は感光体ドラム3から現像ローラ1へ転移するが、正電
界による現像ローラ1から感光体ドラム3への転移が生
じている期間の方が充分長く、且つ、転移力も大きいの
で、正電界で充分なトナーが現像ローラ1から感光体ド
ラム3へ転移してるものと考えられる。又、感光体ドラ
ム3の非画像部と対向する場合には、図13(b)の斜
線部で示すように、トナーの転移に寄与する電界とし
て、−1000Vの負電界のみが現われるので、交互に
転移することはないと考えられる。
Similarly, the insulating region surface 22 of the developing roller 1
When the toner 7 present above faces the image portion of the photosensitive drum 3, as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. 13A, the positive electric field of +800 V and the negative electric field contribute to the toner transfer. A negative electric field of 200 V appears alternately. When the electric field is positive, the transfer from the developing roller 1 to the photosensitive drum 3 is performed, and when the electric field is negative, the transfer from the photosensitive drum 3 to the developing roller 1 is performed. Since the period during which the transfer to the body drum 3 occurs is sufficiently longer and the transfer force is large, it is considered that sufficient toner is transferred from the developing roller 1 to the photosensitive drum 3 by the positive electric field. When the photoconductive drum 3 is opposed to the non-image area, as shown by the hatched area in FIG. 13B, only a negative electric field of -1000 V appears as an electric field contributing to toner transfer. It is not considered to transfer to.

【0022】以上のように、本例においては、感光体ド
ラム3の画像部に対向している期間に、絶縁性領域面2
2上に存在するトナー7には図7(a)に示されるよう
に閾値を超える正負の電界が作用して転移・逆転移を行
わせ、過剰なトナー付着を抑制する一方、導電性領域面
21上に存在するトナーいは図6(a)に示されるよう
に閾値を超える電界として正電界のみが作用して転移の
みを行わせ、十分な量のトナーを付着させる。尚、導電
性領域面21は導電性であるためエッジ効果を抑えて画
像濃度を均一化するように作用する。又、感光体ドラム
3の非画像部に対向している期間に、絶縁性領域面22
上に存在するトナー7には図7(b)に示されるように
閾値を超える電界として負電界のみが作用して逆転移の
みを行わせ、地汚れを防止する一方、導電性領域面21
上に存在するトナーいは図6(b)に示されるように閾
値を超える正負の電界が作用して転移・逆転移を行わせ
る。更に詳述すると、画像濃度は低いものの線図の再現
性や階調性に優れているが、そのまま濃度を上げると線
図の再現性や階調性は損なわれてしまう性質のある、表
面が絶縁性の現像ローラの特長と、その電極効果によっ
てベタ部の均一性に優れた濃度の高い画像を得ることが
出来るものの線図の再現性や階調性が劣る性質の、表面
が導電性の現像ローラの特長とを、本例にかかる現像ロ
ーラ1は同時に合わせ持っている。そして、上述のよう
に感光体ドラム3および現像ローラ1の線速度を設定し
ているので、これらの特長を有する絶縁性領域面22と
導電性領域面21の両方に対向することが保障され、こ
れらの特長が確実に発揮される。即ち、感光体ドラム3
の同一の画像部に対し、図6(a)および図7(a)で
示す現像電界が必ず1回以上対向し、現像ローラ1上に
担持されたトナー7は現像ローラ1表面に形成された電
界で選択的にその転移が制御され、同様に、感光体ドラ
ム3の同一の非画像部に対し、図6(b)および図7
(b)で示す現像電界が必ず1回以上対向し、現像ロー
ラ1上に担持されたトナー7は現像ローラ1表面に形成
された電界で選択的にその転移が制御されるのである。
As described above, in the present embodiment, the insulating region surface 2
As shown in FIG. 7 (a), positive and negative electric fields exceeding the threshold value act on the toner 7 existing on the surface 2 to cause transition and reverse transition, thereby suppressing excessive toner adhesion and, at the same time, suppressing the conductive area surface. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), only the positive electric field acts on the toner existing on the surface 21 as an electric field exceeding the threshold value, and only the transfer is performed, so that a sufficient amount of toner is attached. Since the conductive region surface 21 is conductive, it acts so as to suppress the edge effect and make the image density uniform. Further, during a period in which the photosensitive drum 3 faces the non-image portion, the insulating region surface 22 is
As shown in FIG. 7B, only the negative electric field acts as an electric field exceeding the threshold value on the toner 7 existing on the upper side, so that only the reverse transfer is performed.
As shown in FIG. 6 (b), the positive or negative electric field exceeding the threshold acts on the toner existing on the upper side to cause the transfer and the reverse transfer. More specifically, although the image density is low, the reproducibility and gradation of the diagram are excellent, but if the density is directly increased, the reproducibility and gradation of the diagram are impaired. Due to the characteristics of the insulative developing roller and its electrode effect, it is possible to obtain high-density images with excellent uniformity of the solid part, but the reproducibility of the diagram and the gradation are poor. The developing roller 1 according to this embodiment has the features of the developing roller at the same time. Since the linear velocities of the photosensitive drum 3 and the developing roller 1 are set as described above, it is ensured that the photosensitive drum 3 and the developing roller 1 face both the insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21 having these characteristics. These features are reliably exhibited. That is, the photosensitive drum 3
6 (a) and 7 (a) always face the same image portion at least once, and the toner 7 carried on the developing roller 1 is formed on the surface of the developing roller 1. The transfer is selectively controlled by the electric field, and similarly, for the same non-image portion of the photosensitive drum 3, FIGS.
The developing electric field shown in (b) always faces at least once, and the transfer of the toner 7 carried on the developing roller 1 is selectively controlled by the electric field formed on the surface of the developing roller 1.

【0023】このようにして得られた画像を、感光体線
速Vpと現像ローラ線速Vrが同速になるよう駆動した
現像装置を用いて得た画像と比較したところ、地肌汚れ
がなくなり濃度の高い画像が得られしかも線図の再現性
も優れていた。尚、上記の例は図4の(b)に示す表面
形状を備えた現像ローラ1を用いたものであるが、図4
(a),(c)に示す表面形状を備えた現像ローラ1を
用い、感光体ドラム線速Vpに対する現像ローラ線速V
rの線速比VR/Vpを上記の例と同一にして駆動したと
ころ同様に、地汚れがなく濃度の高い画像が得られしか
も線図の再現性も優れた画像を得ることが出来た。又、
この例では、現像ローラ1の表面がローレット加工によ
りアヤメ状に導電性領域面21と絶縁性領域面22が形
成されたものであるが、格子状、横ストライプ状、その
他規則的パターンの現像ローラに対し、その表面構造パ
ターンに起因する影響を除去するものに対応できる。
The image thus obtained was compared with an image obtained using a developing device driven so that the photoconductor linear speed Vp and the developing roller linear speed Vr became the same speed. Image was obtained and the reproducibility of the diagram was excellent. In the above example, the developing roller 1 having the surface shape shown in FIG. 4B is used.
Using the developing roller 1 having the surface shape shown in (a) and (c), the developing roller linear speed Vp with respect to the photosensitive drum linear speed Vp
When the linear speed ratio VR / Vp of r was driven in the same manner as in the above example, an image with no background smear and high density was obtained, and an image with excellent line diagram reproducibility was obtained. or,
In this example, the developing roller 1 has a conductive area surface 21 and an insulating region surface 22 formed in a iris shape by knurling. However, the developing roller 1 has a grid shape, a horizontal stripe shape, and other regular patterns. On the other hand, it is possible to cope with the one that removes the influence caused by the surface structure pattern.

【0024】以上、本実施例によれば、現像ローラ1の
表面に導電性領域面21と絶縁性領域面22とを設けて
該表面に選択的に電荷を保持せしめて、静電潜像を有す
る感光体ドラム3と表面にトナーを担持した現像ローラ
1との間にバイアスを印加して現像を行なうときに、局
部的に異なる現像バイアスを作用させて選択的にトナー
の転移を制御でき、これにより、画像濃度が高く、しか
も線図の再現性や階調性にも優れた現像画像を得ること
が出来る。更に、所定の線速で現像ローラ1を駆動し
て、感光体ドラム3上の静電潜像領域の全ての部分を、
現像部を通過している間に、絶縁性領域面22と導電性
領域面21の両方に対向させるようにして、上記効果が
確実に発揮されるようにすることが出来る。又、上記の
実施例においては、従来の現像ローラ1と比し現像部周
辺のトナー7による汚染が少ないことが判った。即ち、
画質を良くすることができるのに加え、装置周辺のトナ
ー7による汚染も少なくすることが出来るという効果を
得ることが出来る。
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the conductive region surface 21 and the insulating region surface 22 are provided on the surface of the developing roller 1 to selectively hold charges on the surface, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image. When a bias is applied between the photosensitive drum 3 having the developing roller 1 and the developing roller 1 carrying toner on the surface to perform the development, a different developing bias is applied locally to selectively control toner transfer. As a result, it is possible to obtain a developed image having a high image density and excellent reproducibility and gradation of a diagram. Further, by driving the developing roller 1 at a predetermined linear speed, all portions of the electrostatic latent image area on the photosensitive drum 3 are removed.
While passing through the developing section, both the insulating region surface 22 and the conductive region surface 21 are opposed to each other, so that the above-mentioned effect can be surely exhibited. Further, in the above-described embodiment, it was found that the contamination by the toner 7 around the developing portion was smaller than that of the conventional developing roller 1. That is,
In addition to improving the image quality, it is possible to obtain an effect that contamination by the toner 7 around the apparatus can be reduced.

【0025】尚、上記実施例においては、感光体ドラム
3上の静電潜像領域の全ての部分が、現像部を通過して
いる間に、現像ローラ1の絶縁性領域面22と導電性領
域面21の両方に対向するように、現像ローラ1の線速
を設定しているが、これに代え、現像部において導電性
領域面21と対向する感光体ドラム3上の全ての部分
が、絶縁性領域面22とも対向するように、現像ローラ
1の線速を設定してもよい。この場合の感光体ドラム3
の線速をVpに対する現像ローラの線速VRの線速比VR
/Vpは下式(2)の関係を満足するものである。 VR/Vp ≧ (lp+lm)/ln (2) 但し、lmは上記のように現像ローラ1の移動方向にお
ける導電性領域面21の幅である。又、現像部において
絶縁性領域面22と対向する感光体ドラム3上の全ての
部分が、導電性領域面21とも対向するように、現像ロ
ーラ1の線速を設定してもよい。この場合の感光体ドラ
ム3の線速をVpに対する現像ローラの線速VRの線速比
VR/Vpは下式(3)の関係を満足するものである。 VR/Vp ≧ (lp+ld)/ln (3) 但し、ldは上記のように現像ローラ1の移動方向にお
ける絶縁性領域面22の幅である。更に、上記実施例に
おいては、静電潜像の画像部が、絶縁性領域面22と対
向してトナーの転移・逆転移を行わせると共に導電性領
域面21と対向してトナーの転移のみを行わせ、且つ、
静電潜像の非画像部が、絶縁性領域面22と対向してト
ナーの逆転移のみを行わせると共に導電性領域面21と
対向してトナーの転移・逆転移を行わせるように印加バ
イアスを用いているが、これに代え、いずれか一方の
み、即ち、静電潜像の画像部が、絶縁性領域面22と対
向してトナーの転移・逆転移を行わせると共に導電性領
域面21と対向してトナーの転移のみを行わせることの
み、又は、静電潜像の非画像部が、絶縁性領域面22と
対向してトナーの逆転移のみを行わせると共に導電性領
域面21と対向してトナーの転移・逆転移を行わせるこ
とのみが可能な印加バイアスを用いても良い。更に、上
記実施例においては、絶縁性領域面22をトナーの極性
と逆極性に帯電させているが、トナー供給ローラ8等の
表面材質を適宜選択してトナーの帯電極性と同極性に摩
擦帯電させるようにしても良い。この場合にも、絶縁体
部と導電体部との電位差によって、同様に微小閉電界を
形成することが出来、この場合には主に導電性領域面上
にトナーが付着する。更に、上記実施例においては、ロ
ーラ基体を表面に露呈させて導電性領域面21を形成
し、これと絶縁性領域面22との電位差で微小閉電界を
形成しているが、これに代え、ローラ基体表面に抵抗又
は誘電率が互いに異なる2種類の物質を規則的に混在す
るように固着して表面層を形成し、両物質のトナー供給
ローラ8による摩擦帯電極性や帯電量、及び/又は、電
位減衰速度の差によって、両物質のローラ表面での露呈
部間に電位差を持たせ、これにより、微小閉電界を形成
しても良い。更に、接触現像や正規現像の、現像方法及
びその装置にも適用出来る。
In the above-described embodiment, while all the portions of the electrostatic latent image area on the photosensitive drum 3 pass through the developing section, the insulating area surface 22 of the developing roller 1 contacts the conductive area. Although the linear velocity of the developing roller 1 is set so as to oppose both of the area surfaces 21, all the parts on the photosensitive drum 3 opposing the conductive area surface 21 in the developing unit are replaced with this. The linear velocity of the developing roller 1 may be set so as to face the insulating region surface 22. Photoconductor drum 3 in this case
Is the linear velocity ratio VR of the linear velocity VR of the developing roller to Vp.
/ Vp satisfies the relationship of the following equation (2). VR / Vp ≧ (lp + lm) / ln (2) where lm is the width of the conductive area surface 21 in the moving direction of the developing roller 1 as described above. Further, the linear velocity of the developing roller 1 may be set such that all portions on the photosensitive drum 3 facing the insulating region surface 22 in the developing section also face the conductive region surface 21. In this case, the linear velocity ratio VR / Vp of the linear velocity VR of the developing roller to the linear velocity Vp of the photosensitive drum 3 satisfies the following equation (3). VR / Vp ≧ (lp + ld) / ln (3) where ld is the width of the insulating region surface 22 in the moving direction of the developing roller 1 as described above. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the image portion of the electrostatic latent image faces the insulating region surface 22 to perform the transfer and reverse transfer of the toner, and faces the conductive region surface 21 to perform only the transfer of the toner. Let it be done, and
An applied bias is applied so that the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image faces the insulating region surface 22 and performs only the reverse transfer of the toner, and also faces the conductive region surface 21 to perform the transfer and reverse transfer of the toner. However, instead of this, only one of them, that is, the image portion of the electrostatic latent image faces the insulating region surface 22 to cause the transfer and reverse transfer of the toner, and the conductive region surface 21 Only the transfer of the toner is performed in opposition to the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image. It is also possible to use an applied bias that can only cause the transfer and reverse transfer of the toner to face each other. Further, in the above embodiment, the insulating region surface 22 is charged to the polarity opposite to the polarity of the toner, but the surface material of the toner supply roller 8 or the like is appropriately selected to frictionally charge the toner to the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner. You may make it do. Also in this case, a minute closed electric field can be similarly formed by the potential difference between the insulator portion and the conductor portion. In this case, the toner mainly adheres to the conductive region surface. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the roller base is exposed on the surface to form the conductive region surface 21, and the minute closed electric field is formed by the potential difference between the conductive region surface 21 and the insulating region surface 22. A surface layer is formed by fixing two types of substances having different resistances or dielectric constants on the surface of the roller base so as to be regularly mixed with each other to form a surface layer. Alternatively, a difference in the potential decay rates may be used to cause a potential difference between the exposed portions of the two materials on the roller surface, thereby forming a minute closed electric field. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to a developing method and an apparatus for contact development and regular development.

【0026】[0026]

【発明の効果】請求項1乃至6の発明は、静電潜像担持
体上の静電潜像に適量の現像剤を付着させるように作用
するので、画像濃度が高く、しかも線図の再現性や階調
性にも優れた現像画像を得ることが出来る。更に、請求
項1及び6の発明においては、所定の電界を現像部に印
加して特に良好に静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像に適量の
現像剤を付着させて、画像濃度が高く、しかも線図の再
現性や階調性にも優れた現像画像を得ることが出来る。
又、請求項1、2及び6の発明においては、上記現像部
を通過する該静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像領域の任意
部分が、上記2種類の部分の両方に対向するように、上
記静電潜像担持体と上記現像剤担持体の表面の相対的な
移動を行い、これにより、上記静電潜像領域の、画像部
及び非画像部を、上記2種類の部分の両方に対向させて
現像して、部分的な画像の濃度低下及び非画像部の地汚
れの発生を防止することが出来る。又、請求項2の発明
においては、該現像剤してシリカ粒子が外添されたもの
を用い、これにより、該現像剤担持体表面にシリカ粒子
からなる被膜を形成して、該現像剤担持体から該表面上
の現像剤への電荷の注入を防止するので、現像剤の帯電
不足乃至逆帯電による地肌汚れの発生を防止することが
出来る。又、請求項3又は4の発明においては、静電潜
像担持体上の静電潜像領域のうち、上記現像部を通過す
る間に上記2種類の部分のうち所定の一方の部分と対向
する部分全てが、この間に該2種類の部分のうち他方の
部分とも対向するように、上記静電潜像担持体と上記現
像剤担持体の表面の相対的な移動を行い、これにより、
上記静電潜像領域の、画像部または非画像部が、上記現
像部において上記2種の部分のうち所定の一方の部分の
みにしか対向出来ずに部分的な画像の濃度低下または非
画像部の地汚れが発生するのを防止することが出来る。
更に、請求項5の発明においては、上記現像剤担持体
が、上記微小電界により上記現像剤を保持し、充分な
量の現像剤を現像部に搬送することが出来る。
According to the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, since an appropriate amount of the developer is applied to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier, the image density is high, and the reproduction of the diagram is also possible. It is possible to obtain a developed image having excellent properties and gradation. Further, in the first and sixth aspects of the present invention, a predetermined electric field is applied to the developing section to particularly suitably adhere an appropriate amount of the developer to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier, thereby reducing the image density. It is possible to obtain a developed image which is high and excellent in the reproducibility and gradation of the diagram.
According to the first, second and sixth aspects of the present invention, an arbitrary portion of the electrostatic latent image area on the electrostatic latent image carrier passing through the developing section faces both of the two types of portions. As described above, the relative movement between the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier and the surface of the developer carrier is performed, whereby the image portion and the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image region are divided into the two types of portions. The development can be carried out so as to face both of them, thereby preventing a partial decrease in the density of the image and the occurrence of background contamination in the non-image area. Further, in the invention of claim 2, the developer to which silica particles are externally added is used, whereby a film made of silica particles is formed on the surface of the developer carrier, and the developer carrier Since charge injection from the body into the developer on the surface is prevented, insufficient charging of the developer or generation of background stain due to reverse charging can be prevented. Further, in the invention of claim 3 or 4, the electrostatic latent
Of the electrostatic latent image area on the image carrier,
The two types of all portion facing the predetermined one part of the portion, so as to face with the other portion of the two portions during this time, the electrostatic latent image bearing member and the developing between that Relative movement of the surface of the agent carrier, whereby
The image portion or the non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image area can only face a predetermined one of the two types of portions in the developing portion, and the image density or the non-image portion is partially reduced. Can be prevented from being generated.
Further, in the invention of claim 5, the developer carrying member, by the micro-closed field holding the developer, it is possible to carry the sufficient amount of the developer in the developing unit.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例の現像装置の全体概略を示す側
断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view schematically showing an entire developing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】(a)はその現像ローラの一例の外観を示す斜
視図であり、(b)はその外層部の拡大断面図である。
FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing an appearance of an example of the developing roller, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view of an outer layer portion thereof.

【図3】絶縁性領域面近傍に形成される微小閉電界の電
気力線を示す説明図である。
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing electric lines of force of a minute closed electric field formed near the surface of an insulating region.

【図4】(a)乃至(c)は互いに異なる幅の絶縁性領
域面を備えた3つの現像ローラの表面を拡大した様子を
示す図である。
FIGS. 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating an enlarged view of the surfaces of three developing rollers having insulating region surfaces having different widths from each other.

【図5】具体例にかかる現像ローラの表面電位の時間的
変化を示したものであり、(a)は絶縁性領域面につい
ての電位の変化を、(b)は導電性領域面についての電
位の変化を示したものである。
FIGS. 5A and 5B show a change over time of a surface potential of a developing roller according to a specific example, where FIG. 5A shows a change in potential on an insulating region surface, and FIG. 5B shows a potential on a conductive region surface. This shows the change of

【図6】同具体例における導電性領域面上の現像電界の
説明図であり、(a)は感光体ドラム上の画像部に対向
する場合の時間的変化を、(b)は感光体ドラム上の非
画像部に対向する場合の時間的変化を示したものであ
る。
6A and 6B are explanatory diagrams of a developing electric field on a conductive region surface in the specific example, where FIG. 6A shows a temporal change when facing an image portion on a photosensitive drum, and FIG. 6B shows a photosensitive drum. It shows a temporal change when facing the upper non-image portion.

【図7】同具体例における絶縁性領域面上の現像電界の
説明図であり、(a)は感光体上の画像部に対向する場
合の時間的変化を、(b)は感光体上の非画像部に対向
する場合の時間的変化を示したものである。
FIGS. 7A and 7B are explanatory diagrams of a developing electric field on an insulating region surface in the specific example, where FIG. 7A shows a temporal change when facing an image portion on a photoconductor, and FIG. It shows a temporal change when facing a non-image portion.

【図8】同具体例における対向する現像ローラと感光体
ドラムの断面図であり、現像ローラの移動方向に対する
現像ローラ導電性領域面と絶縁性領域面のパターンピッ
チ、および移動方向に対する導電性領域面の長さおよび
導電性領域面の長さを示したものである。
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a developing roller and a photosensitive drum facing each other in the specific example, showing a pattern pitch between a developing roller conductive area surface and an insulating area surface with respect to the moving direction of the developing roller, and a conductive area with respect to the moving direction. It shows the length of the surface and the length of the conductive region surface.

【図9】(a)は現像ローラ表面のシリカ粒子の状況を
示す拡大図、(b)は現像バイアスの一例を示す波形
図、(c)は感光体と現像ローラとの間の現像剤の移動
を示す説明図である。
9A is an enlarged view showing the state of silica particles on the surface of a developing roller, FIG. 9B is a waveform diagram showing an example of a developing bias, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows a movement.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 現像ローラ , 2 現像
装置 3 感光体ドラム , 4 ブレ
ード部材 5 トナータンク , 6 アジ
テータ 7 トナー , 8 トナ
ー供給ローラ 9 現像バイアス印加手段 , 21 導電
性領域面 22 絶縁性領域面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Development roller, 2 Developing device 3 Photoconductor drum, 4 Blade member 5 Toner tank, 6 Agitator 7 Toner, 8 Toner supply roller 9 Developing bias applying means, 21 Conductive area surface 22 Insulating area surface

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 上野 祐一 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株 式会社リコー内 (72)発明者 冨田 潤子 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株 式会社リコー内 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) G03G 15/06 G03G 15/08 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yuichi Ueno 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ricoh Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Junko Tomita 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ricoh Co., Ltd. (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G03G 15/06 G03G 15/08

Claims (6)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】静電潜像を担持する静電潜像担持体と現像
剤を担持した現像剤担持体とを現像部において対向さ
せ、該現像部において電圧印加手段でバイアスを印加し
て現像をおこなう現像装置において、 該現像担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種類
の部分が規則的に一定のパターンピッチで混在露出して
なるとともに表面に多数の微小電界を形成する現像剤
担持体を用い、 該電圧印加手段として、該2種類の部分のうち比較的抵
抗の低いものと該静電潜像担持体の画像部との間に、該
現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向きの1V/μ
m以上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面に向かわせる
向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界とを交互に形成し得
る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段、又は、該2種類の部分
のうち比較的抵抗の高いものと該静電潜像担持体の非画
像部との間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせ
る向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該
表面に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と
を交互に形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段を用
い、 該現像剤担持体の該静電潜像担持体に対する線速比が、 (該現像剤担持体の移動方向における該パターンピッチ
の幅+該現像部の幅)/該現像部の幅 以上となるように、該現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手段
を設け、 該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、該電圧印加手段によって
形成される電界と、該現像剤担持体上の電界とで決定さ
れる電界により現像剤の移動を制御することを特徴とす
る現像装置。
An electrostatic latent image carrier for carrying an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier for carrying a developer are opposed to each other in a developing section, and a bias is applied by a voltage applying means in the developing section to perform development. in the developing apparatus for performing, developer bearing of the developing bearing member, resistivity or dielectric constant of two different parts to form a large number of fine closed field on the surface together with becomes mixed exposed at regular constant pattern pitch The developer is applied between the relatively low resistance of the two types of parts and the image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier as the voltage applying means. 1V / μ in the direction of
voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of at least m and an electric field having an intensity of at least 1 V / μm in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface. An electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed to the electrostatic latent image carrier, between a relatively high resistance member and a non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier; Using a voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface; Driving means for driving the developer carrier such that the linear velocity ratio is equal to or more than (width of the pattern pitch in the moving direction of the developer carrier + width of the developing unit) / width of the developing unit; A potential on the electrostatic latent image carrier, an electric field formed by the voltage applying means, Developing device and controls the movement of the developer by the electric field is determined by the electric field on the image-carrying member.
【請求項2】静電潜像を担持する静電潜像担持体と現像
剤を担持した現像剤担持体とを現像部において対向さ
せ、該現像部において電圧印加手段でバイアスを印加し
て現像をおこなう現像装置において、 該現像剤としてシリカ粒子が外添された現像剤を用い、 該現像担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種類
の部分が規則的に一定のパターンピッチで混在露出して
なるとともに表面に多数の微小電界を形成する現像剤
担持体を用い、 該現像剤担持体の該静電潜像担持体に対する線速比が、 (該現像剤担持体の移動方向における該パターンピッチ
の幅+該現像部の幅)/該現像部の幅 以上となるように、該現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手段
を設け、 該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、該電圧印加手段によって
形成される電界と、該現像剤担持体上の電界とで決定さ
れる電界により現像剤の移動を制御することを特徴とす
る現像装置。
2. An electrostatic latent image carrier for carrying an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier carrying a developer are opposed to each other in a developing section, and a bias is applied by a voltage applying means in the developing section to perform development. A developing device having silica particles externally added as the developer, and as the developing carrier, two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are regularly mixed and exposed at a constant pattern pitch. many fine closed field developer carrying member to form a used surface with becomes Te, linear velocity ratio latent electrostatic image bearing member of the developer carrying member, (said in the moving direction of the developer carrying member Driving means for driving the developer carrier is provided such that the width of the pattern pitch + the width of the developing unit / the width of the developing unit is equal to or greater than the potential of the electrostatic latent image carrier; The electric field formed by the application means and the development Developing device and controls the movement of the developer by the electric field is determined by the electric field on the carrier.
【請求項3】上記駆動手段に代え、上記現像剤担持体の
上記静電潜像担持体に対する線速比が、 (上記現像剤担持体の移動方向における上記2種類の部
分うち比較的抵抗の低い部分の幅+上記現像部の幅)/
上記現像の幅 以上となるように、上記現像剤担持体を駆動する駆動手
段を設けることを特徴とする請求項1又は2の現像装
置。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the linear velocity ratio of the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier is changed to: (a relatively low resistance of the two types in the moving direction of the developer carrier). Width of the lower part + width of the developing part) /
As it will be wider than the developing unit, the developing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by providing a drive means for driving the developer carrying member.
【請求項4】上記駆動手段に代え、上記現像剤担持体の
上記静電潜像担持体に対する線速比が、 (上記現像剤担持体の移動方向における上記2種類の部
分うち比較的抵抗の高い部分の幅+上記現像部の幅)/
上記現像の幅 以上となるように、上記現像剤担持体を駆動する手段を
設けることを特徴とする請求項1又は2の現像装置。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the linear velocity ratio of the developer carrier to the electrostatic latent image carrier is changed to: (a relatively low resistance of the two types in the moving direction of the developer carrier). (Width of high part + width of developing part) /
As it will be wider than the developing unit, according to claim 1 or 2 of the developing device and providing a means for driving the developer carrying member.
【請求項5】上記現像剤担持体が、上記微小電界によ
り上記現像剤を保持することを特徴とする請求項1、
2、3又は4の現像装置。
Wherein said developer carrying member according to claim 1, characterized in that for holding the developer by the minute closed electric field,
2, 3 or 4 developing devices.
【請求項6】静電潜像を担持する静電潜像担持体と現像
剤を担持した現像剤担持体とを現像部において対向さ
せ、該現像部においてバイアスを印加して現像をおこな
う現像方法において、 該現像剤としてシリカ粒子が外添された現像剤を用い、 該現像剤担持体として、抵抗または誘電率の異なる2種
類の部分が規則的に混在露出してなるとともに表面に多
数の微小電界を形成する現像剤担持体を用い、 該電
圧印加手段として、該2種類の部分のうち比較的抵抗の
低いものと該静電潜像担持体の画像部との間に、該現像
剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以
上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面に向かわせる向き
の1V/μm以上の強度の電界とを交互に形成し得る電
圧を印加する電圧印加手段、又は、該2種類の部分のう
ち比較的抵抗の高いものと該静電潜像担持体の非画像部
との間に、該現像剤を該静電潜像担持体に向かわせる向
きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界と、該現像剤を該表面
に向かわせる向きの1V/μm以上の強度の電界とを交
互に形成し得る電圧を印加する電圧印加手段を用い、 該現像部を通過する該静電潜像担持体上の静電潜像領域
の任意の部分が、該2種類の部分の両方に対向するよう
に、該静電潜像担持体と該現像剤担持体の表面の相対的
な移動を行い、 該静電潜像担持体上の電位と、該バイアスによる電界
と、該現像剤担持体上の電界とで決定される電界により
該現像剤の移動を制御することを特徴とする現像方法。
6. A developing method in which an electrostatic latent image carrier for carrying an electrostatic latent image and a developer carrier for carrying a developer are opposed to each other in a developing section, and a bias is applied in the developing section to perform development. In the above, a developer to which silica particles are externally added is used as the developer, and as the developer carrier, two types of portions having different resistances or dielectric constants are regularly mixed and exposed, and a large number of fine particles are formed on the surface. using a developer carrying member to form a closed electric field, as the voltage application means, between the image portion of the relatively low resistance as a latent electrostatic image bearing member of the two portions, the developer Which can alternately form an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more directed toward the electrostatic latent image carrier and an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more directed toward the surface of the developer. Or a voltage applying means for applying An electric field having a strength of 1 V / μm or more in a direction for causing the developer to move toward the electrostatic latent image carrier, between a relatively high resistance material and a non-image portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier; A voltage applying means for applying a voltage capable of alternately forming an electric field having an intensity of 1 V / μm or more in a direction in which the developer is directed to the surface, on the electrostatic latent image carrier passing through the developing unit; Electrostatic latent image area
Relative movement of the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier and the surface of the developer carrier such that an arbitrary portion of the electrostatic latent image carrier faces both of the two types of portions; developing methods for the potential, the electric field generated by the bias, and controlling the movement of the developer by the electric field is determined by the electric field on the developer carrying member.
JP03108696A 1991-04-13 1991-04-13 Developing method and apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3078348B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP03108696A JP3078348B2 (en) 1991-04-13 1991-04-13 Developing method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP03108696A JP3078348B2 (en) 1991-04-13 1991-04-13 Developing method and apparatus

Publications (2)

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JPH04315174A JPH04315174A (en) 1992-11-06
JP3078348B2 true JP3078348B2 (en) 2000-08-21

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