JP3059878B2 - Granulation control device using fluidized bed - Google Patents
Granulation control device using fluidized bedInfo
- Publication number
- JP3059878B2 JP3059878B2 JP6037988A JP3798894A JP3059878B2 JP 3059878 B2 JP3059878 B2 JP 3059878B2 JP 6037988 A JP6037988 A JP 6037988A JP 3798894 A JP3798894 A JP 3798894A JP 3059878 B2 JP3059878 B2 JP 3059878B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluidized bed
- granulation
- elastic wave
- target value
- moisture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、流動層利用の造粒制御
装置に関し、詳述すると、例えば、気体噴出口を造粒容
器の底部に設け、その気体噴出口から噴出される高温の
気流により、供給部からの造粒原料を流動層状態にし
て、前記造粒容器の上方空間に設けた結合剤供給機構か
ら結合剤を噴霧して造粒する流動層利用の造粒装置にお
いて、気体噴出口への送風量を調節して設定粒径に造粒
する流動層利用の造粒制御装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a granulation control apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed. More specifically, for example, a gas ejection port is provided at the bottom of a granulation vessel, and a high-temperature gas stream ejected from the gas ejection port is provided. Thus, the granulated raw material from the supply unit in a fluidized bed state, in a fluidized bed utilizing granulator for spraying and granulating a binder from a binder supply mechanism provided in the space above the granulation container, The present invention relates to a granulation control device using a fluidized bed that granulates to a set particle size by adjusting the amount of air blown to an ejection port.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】このような流動層利用の造粒装置では、
層内水分Ｍｐ、流動風量Ｆ、熱風温度Ｔなる変動因子
と、造粒物の粒径Ｘとの間に次式の関係が成立すること
が判明している。 Ｘ∝Ｍｐ／（Ｆ・Ｔ） しかし、噴霧された結合剤により造粒原料が結合して粒
が成長する過程における最適な流動状態を、その造粒過
程において直接に把握することができなかったため、従
来は、流動層の上面高さを検出するための超音波センサ
等を用いた層高検出機構と、気体噴出口からの気体噴出
量つまり気体噴出口への送風量を調節する送風量調節機
構と、前記層高検出機構により検出された流動層の上面
高さを常に一定に維持するように前記送風量調節機構を
制御する送風制御手段とを設けて流動層利用の造粒制御
装置を構成することにより流動風量Ｆを調節制御してい
た。即ち、噴霧された結合剤により造粒原料が結合して
粒が成長するに伴い、増加する質量に抗して流動層状態
を維持するために、送風量を増す必要があるが、図２０
に示すように、造粒の最終段階における粒径の造粒物に
対して最適であろうと思われる流動層状態（造粒物が衝
突等により破壊されることのない流動層状態）を予め実
験等で導出して、その流動層状態を維持するために必要
とされる送風量で送風した場合の層高を基準として、そ
の層高を初期段階から常に維持するように送風量を調節
していた。2. Description of the Related Art In such a granulating apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed,
It has been found that the following relationship is established between the fluctuation factors such as the in-layer moisture Mp, the flow air volume F, and the hot air temperature T, and the particle size X of the granulated material. X∝Mp / (F · T) However, it was not possible to directly grasp the optimal flow state in the process of growing the grains by combining the granulated raw materials with the sprayed binder in the granulation process. Conventionally, a bed height detection mechanism using an ultrasonic sensor or the like for detecting the upper surface height of a fluidized bed, and a flow rate adjustment for adjusting a gas flow rate from a gas discharge port, that is, a flow rate to a gas discharge port. Mechanism, and a blower control means for controlling the blower amount adjusting mechanism so as to always keep the upper surface height of the fluidized bed detected by the bed height detecting mechanism constant, to provide a granulation control device utilizing a fluidized bed. The flow rate F was adjusted and controlled by the configuration. That is, as the granulated raw material is combined with the sprayed binder and the grains grow, it is necessary to increase the blowing rate in order to maintain the fluidized bed state against the increased mass.
As shown in the figure, the fluidized bed condition (the fluidized bed condition in which the granulated material is not destroyed by collision or the like) which is considered to be optimal for the granulated material having the particle size in the final stage of granulation was previously tested The flow rate is adjusted so that the bed height is always maintained from the initial stage, based on the bed height when the air is blown at the flow rate required to maintain the fluidized bed state. Was.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述し
た従来の流動層利用の造粒制御装置では、最終段階に至
るまでの途中の造粒過程において、その時点での最適な
流動状態を得るに必要な量以上の送風量となっていたた
めに、造粒過程の中間段階における造粒物の運動量が造
粒に必要な運動量以上となり、造粒物同士が衝突した際
等にそれまで成長した造粒物が逆に破壊等される結果、
造粒速度が低下する（所定の粒径、密度に成長させるま
での時間が長くなる）ばかりか最終の造粒物の粒径のば
らつきが大きくなるおそれがあった。さらには、そのよ
うな流動層の層高を検出するセンサ自体に、造粒原料等
が付着しないように耐環境性を考慮した複雑な機構を設
けることが必要となり経済性、信頼性に欠けるものにな
るというおそれもあった。However, in the above-mentioned conventional granulation control apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed, in the granulation process in the course of the final stage, it is necessary to obtain an optimum fluidized state at that time. The amount of air blown was more than the required amount, so the momentum of the granulated material in the intermediate stage of the granulation process exceeded the momentum required for granulation, and the granules that had grown so far when the granules collided, etc. As a result, things are destroyed in reverse,
Not only does the granulation speed decrease (the time required to grow to a predetermined particle size and density becomes longer), but there is a possibility that the variation in the particle size of the final granulated product may increase. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide a complicated mechanism in consideration of environment resistance so that the raw material for granulation etc. does not adhere to the sensor itself that detects the bed height of such a fluidized bed. There was also a risk of becoming.
【０００４】そこで、予め、造粒の初期段階から最終段
階に至る流動層の最適状態を実験等により把握して、そ
のパターンに従って送風量を自動的に変更するコンピュ
ータ利用のプログラム制御を行うことが提案されている
が、その場合、結合剤の供給量が変動する等といった外
乱の発生に対して適切な対応がとれなくなるという欠点
がある。本発明の目的は、結合剤噴出機構からの結合剤
の噴霧量や噴霧状態に多少の変動があった場合等、何ら
かの外乱が生じた場合であっても、造粒速度が低下する
ことなく、しかも、最終の造粒物の粒径のばらつきを小
さくして製品の収率を上げるためのより優れた流動層利
用の造粒制御装置を提供する点にある。[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to determine in advance the optimum state of the fluidized bed from the initial stage to the final stage of granulation through experiments and the like, and to perform program control using a computer to automatically change the air flow according to the pattern. In this case, however, there is a disadvantage that it is not possible to take appropriate measures against occurrence of disturbance such as a change in the supply amount of the binder. The purpose of the present invention is, for example, when there is some fluctuation in the spray amount or the spray state of the binder from the binder ejection mechanism, even when some disturbance occurs, without reducing the granulation speed, Moreover, it is another object of the present invention to provide a more excellent granulation control device using a fluidized bed for reducing the variation in the particle size of the final granulated product and increasing the product yield.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る流動層利用
の造粒制御装置の特徴構成は、前記気体噴出口への送風
量を調節する送風量調節機構と、前記流動層の粒子運動
により生じる弾性波を検出する弾性波検出機構と、前記
弾性波検出機構により検出された弾性波出力Ｌが一定値
になるように前記送風量調節機構を制御する送風制御手
段とを設けて構成してある点にある。According to the present invention, a granulation control apparatus using a fluidized bed is characterized by a mechanism for adjusting the amount of air blown to the gas jet port, and a mechanism for adjusting the amount of air blown by the fluidized bed. An elastic wave detecting mechanism for detecting the generated elastic wave, and a blowing control means for controlling the blowing amount adjusting mechanism such that the elastic wave output L detected by the elastic wave detecting mechanism becomes a constant value. At one point.
【０００６】前記気体噴出口への送風量を調節する送風
量調節機構と、送風量が目標値になるように送風量調節
機構を制御する送風制御手段と、前記流動層の粒子運動
により生じる弾性波を検出する弾性波検出機構と、前記
流動層での圧力損失を検出する圧損検出機構と、前記弾
性波検出機構による弾性波出力と前記圧損検出機構によ
る圧力損失の積が一定値になるように前記気体噴出口へ
の送風量の目標値を設定する目標設定手段とを設けて構
成してある点にある。[0006] A blowing amount adjusting mechanism for adjusting the blowing amount to the gas outlet, a blowing controlling means for controlling the blowing amount adjusting mechanism so that the blowing amount becomes a target value, and an elasticity generated by the particle motion of the fluidized bed. An elastic wave detection mechanism for detecting a wave, a pressure loss detection mechanism for detecting a pressure loss in the fluidized bed, and a product of an elastic wave output by the elastic wave detection mechanism and a pressure loss by the pressure loss detection mechanism being a constant value. And a target setting means for setting a target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet.
【０００７】上述の構成において、前記流動層の層内水
分の増減を示す層内水分情報を入力して、前記目標設定
手段を、前記層内水分情報により水分値が大きくなると
判断されたときに前記気体噴出口への送風量の目標値を
高く設定し、前記層内水分情報により水分値が小さくな
ると判断されたときに前記気体噴出口への送風量の目標
値を低く設定するように構成してあることが好ましい。[0007] In the above structure, the in-bed moisture information indicating the increase or decrease of the in-bed moisture of the fluidized bed is input, and the target setting means is operated when it is determined that the moisture value is increased based on the in-bed moisture information. The target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet is set high, and the target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet is set low when the moisture value is determined to be small based on the in-layer moisture information. It is preferred that
【０００８】前記目標設定手段を、前記弾性波出力と圧
力損失の積の目標値に対する偏差と、前記弾性波出力と
圧力損失の積の変化率と、を入力して送風量の目標値を
出力するファジー推論手段で構成してあることが好まし
い。The target setting means inputs a deviation of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss from a target value and a rate of change of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss and outputs a target value of the air flow. It is preferable that the fuzzy inference means be constructed.
【０００９】前記目標設定手段を、前記弾性波出力と圧
力損失の積の目標値に対する偏差と、前記弾性波出力と
圧力損失の積の変化率と、前記層内水分情報と、を入力
して送風量の目標値を出力するファジー推論手段で構成
してあることが好ましい。The target setting means inputs the deviation of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss from a target value, the rate of change of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss, and the moisture information in the bed. It is preferable to comprise a fuzzy inference means for outputting a target value of the air volume.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】造粒物同士、或いは、造粒物が、造粒容器内で
壁面や回転円盤に衝突すると、造粒物の種類等により定
まるある周波数の弾性波が生じるが、この弾性波の出力
は、造粒物の運動状態と一定の相関がある。つまり、図
１７に示すように、一定粒径の造粒物が流動層状態にあ
る場合に、送風量を増して造粒物の衝突強度が増せば、
弾性波のエネルギーが増し、また、図１８に示すよう
に、一定の送風量の下で流動層状態にある造粒物に結合
剤を噴霧して、造粒物を成長させると、それにともなっ
て流動状態が悪くなり、遂には流動層状態が崩れてブロ
ッキング等が発生するが、このときに計測される弾性波
のエネルギーは次第に小さくなり遂には零となる。従っ
て、送風制御手段が、造粒容器の外壁に取り付けた弾性
波検出機構により検出された弾性波の出力を、最適な流
動層状態を示す一定値になるように、送風調節機構を調
節することにより、造粒過程における好ましい流動層状
態が維持されるのである。その結果、図１９に示すよう
に、造粒の進行に伴い層高Ｌが増していくように制御さ
れることになる。When a granulated material or a granulated material collides with a wall or a rotating disk in a granulation container, an elastic wave having a certain frequency determined by the type of the granulated material is generated. Has a certain correlation with the motion state of the granulated material. That is, as shown in FIG. 17, when the granulated material having a constant particle size is in a fluidized bed state, if the blowing amount is increased and the impact strength of the granulated material is increased,
As the energy of the elastic wave increases, and as shown in FIG. 18, the binder is sprayed on the granules in a fluidized bed state under a constant blowing rate, and the granules are grown. The fluidized state deteriorates, and finally the fluidized bed state collapses to cause blocking or the like. However, the energy of the elastic wave measured at this time gradually decreases, and finally becomes zero. Therefore, the air blowing control means adjusts the air blowing adjusting mechanism so that the output of the elastic wave detected by the elastic wave detecting mechanism attached to the outer wall of the granulation container becomes a constant value indicating the optimal fluidized bed state. Thereby, a favorable fluidized bed state in the granulation process is maintained. As a result, as shown in FIG. 19, the layer height L is controlled to increase as the granulation progresses.
【００１１】より厳密に考察するところによれば、流動
層の粒子の運動エネルギーは、粒子運動により生じる弾
性波の出力と流動層での圧力損失の積で代用される。そ
こで、弾性波検出機構により検出された弾性波の出力と
圧損検出機構で検出された流動層での圧力損失の積が一
定値になるように、目標設定手段により設定された目標
値に送風量調節機構を制御することにより、より好まし
い流動層状態が維持されるのである。More specifically, the kinetic energy of the particles in the fluidized bed is substituted by the product of the output of the elastic wave generated by the particle motion and the pressure loss in the fluidized bed. Therefore, the air flow rate is adjusted to the target value set by the target setting means so that the product of the output of the elastic wave detected by the elastic wave detection mechanism and the pressure loss in the fluidized bed detected by the pressure loss detection mechanism becomes a constant value. By controlling the adjusting mechanism, a more favorable fluidized bed state is maintained.
【００１２】ここで、上述した弾性波の出力は、ＡＥ事
象率（イベントレート）、ＡＥせん頭値（又はＡＥエネ
ルギー）、ＡＥ平均周波数のいずれの値であってもよ
い。但し、ＡＥ事象率とはイベントレートともいうもの
で、単位時間当たりに振幅が閾値を越えたＡＥ信号の発
生回数をいい、ＡＥ強度とは、ＡＥ信号の振幅のせん頭
値或いはせん頭値の二乗と持続時間の積をいい、ＡＥ平
均周波数とは、単位ＡＥ波の周波数の平均値をいう。Here, the output of the elastic wave described above may be any one of the AE event rate (event rate), the AE peak value (or AE energy), and the AE average frequency. However, the AE event rate is also referred to as an event rate, and refers to the number of occurrences of an AE signal whose amplitude exceeds a threshold value per unit time, and the AE intensity is a peak value of the amplitude of the AE signal or a peak value of the peak value of the AE signal. The product of the square and the duration is referred to, and the AE average frequency is an average value of the frequency of the unit AE wave.
【００１３】上述の構成において、弾性波の出力は層内
水分と密接な関係があり、例えば結合剤の供給により層
内水分が僅かに増すと粒子運動が低下して弾性波の出力
が小さくなり、熱風により層内水分が僅かに減ると粒子
運動が活発になり弾性波の出力が大きくなる。そこで、
図７に示すように、層内水分の増減を示す層内水分情報
を入力して、前記目標設定手段を、前記層内水分情報に
より水分値が大きくなると判断されたときには、弾性波
の出力の応答遅れ等を考慮して、前記気体噴出口への送
風量の目標値を一時的に高く設定し、前記層内水分情報
により水分値が小さくなると判断されたときには、前記
気体噴出口への送風量の目標値を低く設定することによ
り、層内水分が微小に変動しても好ましい流動層状態が
維持されるのである。In the above configuration, the output of the elastic wave is closely related to the moisture in the layer. For example, if the moisture in the layer slightly increases due to the supply of the binder, the particle motion decreases and the output of the elastic wave decreases. When the moisture in the layer is slightly reduced by hot air, the particle motion becomes active and the output of elastic waves increases. Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 7, when the in-layer moisture information indicating the increase or decrease in the in-layer moisture is input, and the target setting means determines that the moisture value increases based on the in-layer moisture information, the output of the elastic wave is determined. Considering a response delay or the like, the target value of the air volume to the gas outlet is set temporarily high, and when it is determined from the moisture information in the layer that the moisture value is small, the air supply to the gas outlet is By setting the target value of the air volume low, a favorable fluidized bed state is maintained even if the moisture in the bed fluctuates minutely.
【００１４】前記目標設定手段を、前記弾性波出力と圧
力損失の積の目標値に対する偏差と、前記弾性波出力と
圧力損失の積の変化率と、を入力して送風量の目標値を
出力するファジー推論手段で構成することにより、弾性
波の出力等の複数の特性値が時々刻々変化してその捕捉
が困難な場合であっても、複雑な組み合わせを考慮する
ことなく容易に設定できるのである。The target setting means inputs the deviation of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss from a target value and the rate of change of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss and outputs a target value of the air flow. By using the fuzzy inference means, even if a plurality of characteristic values such as the output of an elastic wave change every moment and it is difficult to capture the characteristic values, it can be easily set without considering a complicated combination. is there.
【００１５】前記目標設定手段を、前記弾性波出力と圧
力損失の積の目標値に対する偏差と、前記弾性波出力と
圧力損失の積の変化率と、前記層内水分情報と、を入力
して送風量の目標値を出力するファジー推論手段で構成
することにより、層内水分が変動する場合であっても上
述と同様に、複雑な組み合わせを考慮することなく容易
に設定できるのである。The target setting means inputs the deviation of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss from a target value, the rate of change of the product of the elastic wave output and the pressure loss, and the moisture information in the bed. By using the fuzzy inference means for outputting the target value of the air flow, even when the moisture in the layer fluctuates, it can be easily set without considering a complicated combination as described above.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、結合剤噴出機構からの
結合剤の噴霧量や噴霧状態に多少の変動があった場合
等、何らかの外乱が生じた場合であっても、造粒速度が
低下することなく、しかも、最終の造粒物の粒径のばら
つきを小さくして製品の収率を上げるためのより優れた
流動層利用の造粒制御装置を提供することができるよう
になった。According to the present invention, the granulation speed can be reduced even when some disturbance occurs, for example, when the spray amount or the spray state of the binder from the binder ejection mechanism is slightly changed. It has become possible to provide a more excellent granulation control device utilizing a fluidized bed without lowering and further improving the product yield by reducing the variation in the particle size of the final granulated product. .
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。図２に示すように、本発明に係る流動層利用の造
粒装置は、上部が下部よりも若干拡径した円筒状の造粒
容器１の底部に、上面中心部が上向きに突出した円錐面
に形成された回転円盤１０を、前記造粒容器１内におい
て鉛直方向の回転軸芯周りに回転自在に取り付けて、そ
の回転円盤１０の円錐面の上方空間を造粒部３とし、そ
の造粒部３で、容器１の底部に形成した複数の気体噴出
口１０ａから噴出される気流により造粒原料を流動層状
態にするとともに、前記造粒容器１の上方空間に設けた
結合剤噴出機構８から結合剤（水または水を主成分とす
る）を噴霧して造粒するように構成してある。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 2, the granulating apparatus using a fluidized bed according to the present invention has a conical surface with an upper central portion projecting upward at the bottom of a cylindrical granulating vessel 1 having an upper portion slightly larger in diameter than a lower portion. Is rotatably mounted around the vertical axis of rotation in the granulation container 1, and the space above the conical surface of the rotating disk 10 is used as the granulating unit 3. In the section 3, the granulated raw material is made into a fluidized bed state by an air flow ejected from a plurality of gas ejection ports 10 a formed at the bottom of the container 1, and a binder ejection mechanism 8 provided in a space above the granulation container 1. Is sprayed with a binder (water or water as a main component) to granulate.
【００１８】前記造粒容器１の中段（詳しくは、前記造
粒容器１の拡径部）には、前記造粒原料のうちの原料粉
体を供給するための供給機構１５を設けてあり、前記供
給機構１５からの原料粉体を前記造粒部３に一旦貯留
し、その貯留物を流動層状態にして造粒を行う。A supply mechanism 15 for supplying a raw material powder of the granulated raw material is provided in a middle stage of the granulation container 1 (specifically, an enlarged portion of the granulation container 1). The raw material powder from the supply mechanism 15 is temporarily stored in the granulating unit 3, and the stored material is fluidized to perform granulation.
【００１９】前記造粒容器１の側方に、エアーフィルタ
４ｂを備えたブロワファン４ａからの吸引空気をダンパ
機構４ｃを介して前記造粒容器１に送風する送風量調節
機構４を設けてあり、送風温度調節機構５としてのヒー
タにて適宜温度に加熱された後に、前記気体噴出口１０
ａを介して前記造粒部３に給気される。On the side of the granulation container 1, there is provided an air volume adjusting mechanism 4 for blowing air from a blower fan 4a having an air filter 4b to the granulation container 1 via a damper mechanism 4c. After being appropriately heated to a temperature by a heater as a blower temperature control mechanism 5, the gas ejection port 10 is heated.
The air is supplied to the granulating unit 3 through the a.
【００２０】前記結合剤噴出機構８は、前記造粒容器１
の最上部に冠着された濾過部２を貫通した状態に配置さ
れた上端供給部８ａ（その部分には、圧縮空気供給装置
６及び結合剤供給装置７からの配管の下流端が接続され
ている）と、前記造粒容器１内の下部下方に開口し、前
記造粒部３へ噴霧供給されるようになっているノズル８
ｃと、前記造粒容器１内の中心部に鉛直姿勢で配置さ
れ、上端供給部８ａからノズル８ｃへ結合剤を供給する
供給管８ｂとで構成してある。即ち、前記結合剤供給装
置７からバルブ機構７ａを介して供給される結合剤を、
圧縮空気供給装置６からの圧縮空気をキャリアガスとし
て、前記ノズル８ｃから前記造粒部３へ噴霧供給するも
ので、前記結合剤供給装置７には、結合剤の供給状態を
調節する結合剤供給調節機構７ｂとしてのポンプ機構を
備えてある。The binder ejecting mechanism 8 includes the granulating container 1
The upper end supply portion 8a (the downstream end of the pipe from the compressed air supply device 6 and the binder supply device 7 is connected to the upper end supply portion 8a disposed so as to pass through the filtration portion 2 attached to the uppermost portion of the ), A nozzle 8 that opens downward in the lower part of the granulation container 1 and is sprayed and supplied to the granulation unit 3.
c and a supply pipe 8b that is disposed in a vertical position in the center of the granulation container 1 and that supplies a binder from the upper end supply section 8a to the nozzle 8c. That is, the binder supplied from the binder supply device 7 via the valve mechanism 7a is
The compressed air supplied from the compressed air supply device 6 is sprayed and supplied from the nozzle 8c to the granulating section 3 as a carrier gas. The binder supply device 7 controls the supply state of the binder. A pump mechanism is provided as the adjusting mechanism 7b.
【００２１】更に、前記濾過部２には、前記造粒容器１
内からの吸引排気を濾過するためのフィルタ２ａを設け
て、その吸引排気を装置外へ排出するための排気装置９
へ通じる配管を接続してあり、前記濾過部２内には、前
記フィルタ２ａを洗浄するために圧縮空気を前記フィル
タ２ａに吹き付けるブローチューブ２ｂを設けてある。Further, the filtration unit 2 includes the granulation container 1
An exhaust device 9 for providing a filter 2a for filtering suction / exhaust air from the inside and discharging the suction / exhaust gas to the outside of the apparatus;
The filter 2 is provided with a blow tube 2b for blowing compressed air to the filter 2a for cleaning the filter 2a.
【００２２】前記回転円盤１０は、前記造粒容器１の下
部に配置したモータ１３の駆動力によって鉛直方向の回
転軸芯周りに回転自在に取り付けてあり、前記造粒容器
１の給気口１ａを経由して導入される前記送風量調節機
構４からの給気が、前記気体噴出口１０ａを介して前記
造粒部３へ噴出される。The rotating disk 10 is rotatably mounted around a vertical axis of rotation by a driving force of a motor 13 disposed below the granulating container 1, and is provided with an air supply port 1 a of the granulating container 1. The air supplied from the air volume adjusting mechanism 4 introduced through the gas outlet is blown out to the granulating unit 3 through the gas outlet 10a.
【００２３】前記供給機構１５から前記造粒部３に材料
粉体を投入して、送風量、送風温度一定の下で、所定の
粒径、硬さに造粒する場合の造粒工程について略述す
る。図３に示すように、材料粉体を投入後、前記回転円
盤１０を回転させながら前記送風装置４から送風して流
動層状態に移行させる（図中ＡからＢ点）。その後、前
記ポンプ機構７ｂをオン・オフ制御して前記ノズル８ｃ
から結合剤を供給して造粒を開始すると（図中、Ｂ
点）、水分値Ｍｐが上昇するとともに粉が凝集して顆粒
が生成され成長する造粒初期段階（図中、Ｂ点からＣ
点）と、水分値Ｍｐが一定になると顆粒の成長が止ま
り、流動作用により圧密を受け、顆粒密度（硬さ）が時
間とともに増大する造粒中期段階（図中、Ｃ点からＤ
点）と、所定の硬さになったところで結合剤の供給を停
止して、顆粒を乾燥させて造粒工程を終了する造粒最終
段階（図中、Ｄ点以降）を経て造粒工程が終了する。A granulation process in which a material powder is charged from the supply mechanism 15 to the granulation unit 3 and granulated to a predetermined particle size and hardness under a constant blowing amount and a constant blowing temperature is described. Will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, after the material powder is charged, air is blown from the blower 4 while rotating the rotating disk 10 to shift to a fluidized bed state (points A to B in the figure). Thereafter, the pump mechanism 7b is turned on and off to control the nozzle 8c.
When the granulation is started by supplying the binder from (in the figure, B
Point), the initial stage of granulation in which the moisture value Mp rises and the powder agglomerates to form and grow granules (from point B to C in the figure)
), And when the moisture value Mp becomes constant, the growth of the granules stops, the granules are compacted by the flow action, and the granule density (hardness) increases with time.
Point), and when the predetermined hardness is reached, the supply of the binder is stopped, the granulation is dried, and the granulation step is completed through the final granulation step (after point D in the figure). finish.
【００２４】一般に、流動層利用の造粒装置では、層内
水分Ｍｐ、流動風量Ｆ、熱風温度Ｔなる変動因子と、造
粒物の粒径Ｘとの間に次式の関係が成立することが判明
している。 Ｘ∝Ｍｐ／（Ｆ・Ｔ） 従って、目標粒径、密度の造粒物を得るためには、層内
水分Ｍｐ、流動風量Ｆ、熱風温度Ｔなる変動因子を適切
に調節する必要があり、そのために上述の造粒装置に
は、前記造粒部３へ噴出すべき風量や温度、結合剤の供
給量等を調節する造粒制御装置を設けてある。In general, in a granulating apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed, the following relationship is established between the fluctuation factors such as the water content Mp in the bed, the flowing air volume F, and the hot air temperature T, and the particle size X of the granulated material. Is known. X∝Mp / (F · T) Therefore, in order to obtain a granulated product having a target particle size and density, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the fluctuation factors such as the water content Mp in the bed, the flowing air volume F, and the hot air temperature T, For this purpose, the above-mentioned granulating device is provided with a granulation control device for adjusting the air volume and temperature to be blown out to the granulating section 3, the supply amount of the binder, and the like.
【００２５】前記造粒制御装置は、図１に示すように、
前記流動層での造粒物の運動エネルギーに相当する値を
一定に維持するように、送風量の目標値を出力する第一
制御手段２１と、第一制御手段２１から出力される目標
値に送風量を調整維持する送風制御手段２０と、前記流
動層での造粒物の層内水分を安定させるために、結合剤
の供給量の目標値を出力する第二制御手段３１と、第二
制御手段３１から出力される目標値に結合剤の供給量を
調整維持する結合剤供給制御手段３０と、前記流動層で
の造粒物に熱を供給して層内水分を蒸発により安定させ
るために、前記流動層に供給される熱エネルギーに相当
する値を調節すべく送風温度の目標値を出力する第三制
御手段４１と、第三制御手段４１から出力される目標値
に送風温度を調整維持する送風温度制御手段４０とから
なる。The granulation control device, as shown in FIG.
A first control unit 21 that outputs a target value of the blowing amount, and a target value output from the first control unit 21 so that a value corresponding to the kinetic energy of the granulated material in the fluidized bed is kept constant. A blower control means 20 for adjusting and maintaining the blown air amount, a second control means 31 for outputting a target value of the supply amount of the binder in order to stabilize the moisture in the bed of the granulated material in the fluidized bed, A binder supply control means 30 for adjusting and maintaining the supply amount of the binder to a target value outputted from the control means 31; and for supplying heat to the granulated material in the fluidized bed to stabilize moisture in the bed by evaporation. Third control means 41 for outputting a target value of the blast temperature in order to adjust a value corresponding to the thermal energy supplied to the fluidized bed, and adjusting the blast temperature to the target value output from the third control means 41 And a blast temperature control means 40 for maintaining.
【００２６】前記第一制御手段２１は、前記流動層での
造粒物同士の衝突や造粒物と側壁との間の衝突により生
じる弾性波を検出するべく、前記造粒容器１の外壁に設
けた弾性波検出機構２２と、前記流動層での圧力損失を
検出する圧損検出機構２３として前記流動層の上下に設
けた圧力検出センサ２３ａ，２３ｂと、前記弾性波検出
機構２２により検出された弾性波出力Ｌと前記圧損検出
機構２３により検出された圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋが一定
値になるように前記気体噴出口１０ａへの送風量の目標
値を設定する目標設定手段２４とからなる。前記目標設
定手段２４は、前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅ
ｋの目標値に対する偏差ΔＥｋと、前記弾性波出力Ｌと
圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの変化率ΔＥｋ／Δｔとを演算す
る第一演算機構２５と、それらの演算結果及び層内水分
情報としての前記結合剤供給調節機構（ポンプ機構）７
ｂの運転情報を入力して送風量の目標値を出力するファ
ジー推論部２６とからなるファジー推論手段で構成して
ある。The first control means 21 is provided on the outer wall of the granulation container 1 to detect an elastic wave generated by collision of the granules in the fluidized bed or collision between the granules and the side wall. The elastic wave detection mechanism 22 provided, the pressure detection sensors 23a and 23b provided above and below the fluidized bed as a pressure loss detection mechanism 23 for detecting pressure loss in the fluidized bed, and the elastic wave detection mechanism 22 detected the pressure loss. Target setting means 24 for setting a target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet 10a so that a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP detected by the pressure loss detecting mechanism 23 becomes a constant value. The target setting means 24 calculates the product E of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP.
a first arithmetic mechanism 25 for calculating a deviation ΔEk of the k from the target value and a rate of change ΔEk / Δt of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP; Binder supply adjustment mechanism (pump mechanism) 7
and a fuzzy inference unit 26 for inputting the operation information of b and outputting a target value of the air volume.
【００２７】前記送風制御手段２０は、前記弾性波出力
Ｌを入力して、その値が、前記目標設定手段２４による
送風量の目標値としての前記弾性波の目標出力に調節維
持されるように、送風量調節機構４即ちブロワファン４
ａ出力或いはダンパ機構４ｃの開度を調節する離散型Ｐ
ＩＤ制御装置で構成してある。The blower control means 20 receives the elastic wave output L and adjusts and maintains the elastic wave output L at a target output of the elastic wave as a target value of the air flow by the target setting means 24. , The blower volume adjusting mechanism 4, that is, the blower fan 4
a discrete P for adjusting the output or opening of the damper mechanism 4c
It consists of an ID control device.
【００２８】前記第二制御手段３１は、流動層の層内水
分Ｍｐを検出する層内水分検出機構３２とファジー推論
手段３５とからなり、ファジー推論手段３５は、前記層
内水分検出機構３２により検出された層内水分Ｍｐの目
標値に対する偏差ΔＭｐと、前記層内水分Ｍｐの変化率
ΔＭｐ／Δｔとを演算する第二演算機構３３と、それら
の演算結果を入力して前記流動層の層内水分Ｍｐを目標
値に調節すべく前記結合剤供給調節機構７ｂへの制御信
号を出力するファジー推論部３４とからなる。前記ファ
ジー推論手段３５は、前記流動層の層内水分Ｍｐの値に
応じて分割された複数の領域毎に生成されたメンバシッ
プ関数に基づいて、前記結合剤供給調節機構７ｂへの制
御信号を出力する。The second control means 31 comprises an in-bed moisture detecting mechanism 32 for detecting the in-bed moisture Mp of the fluidized bed and a fuzzy inference means 35. The fuzzy inference means 35 is controlled by the in-bed moisture detection mechanism 32. A second arithmetic mechanism 33 for calculating the deviation ΔMp of the detected water content Mp from the target value and the rate of change ΔMp / Δt of the water content Mp in the bed, And a fuzzy inference unit 34 for outputting a control signal to the binder supply adjusting mechanism 7b to adjust the internal water content Mp to a target value. The fuzzy inference means 35 outputs a control signal to the binder supply adjusting mechanism 7b based on a membership function generated for each of a plurality of regions divided according to the value of the in-layer moisture Mp of the fluidized bed. Output.
【００２９】前記結合剤供給制御手段３０は、前記結合
剤供給調節機構（ポンプ機構）７ｂを一定回転数の下で
オンオフ制御するスイッチング制御装置で構成してあ
る。The binder supply control means 30 comprises a switching control device for controlling the binder supply adjusting mechanism (pump mechanism) 7b to turn on and off at a constant rotation speed.
【００３０】前記第三制御手段４１は、前記気体噴出口
１０ａへの送風量を計測するオリフィス・ピトー管等で
なる送風量検出機構４２と、前記流動層の上下に設けた
温度検出センサ４３ａ，４３ｂでなり流動層での熱損失
ΔＴを検出する熱損失検出機構４３と、前記送風量検出
機構４２により検出された送風量Ｆと前記熱損失検出機
構４３による熱損失ΔＴの積Ｅｔが設定値になるように
前記気体噴出口１０ａへの送風温度の目標値を設定する
目標温度設定手段４４とを設けて構成してある。前記目
標温度設定手段４４は、層内水分Ｍｐの目標値に対する
偏差と、前記層内水分Ｍｐの変化率とを演算する第三演
算機構４５と、前記送風量Ｆと熱損失ΔＴの積Ｅｔの設
定値に対する偏差ΔＥｔと、前記送風量Ｆと熱損失ΔＴ
の積Ｅｔの変化率ΔＥｔ／Δｔとを演算する第四演算機
構４６と、それら値を入力して送風温度の目標値を出力
するファジー推論部４７とで構成されるファジー推論手
段で構成してある。前記送風量Ｆと熱損失ΔＴの積Ｅｔ
の設定値を、前記流動層の層内水分Ｍｐが安定する造粒
中期に比較して、前記流動層の層内水分Ｍｐが上昇する
造粒初期に高い値に設定するように構成してある。The third control means 41 includes an air flow detecting mechanism 42 comprising an orifice and a pitot tube for measuring the air flow to the gas outlet 10a, and temperature detecting sensors 43a provided above and below the fluidized bed. 43b, a heat loss detection mechanism 43 for detecting heat loss ΔT in the fluidized bed, and a product Et of the air flow rate F detected by the air flow rate detection mechanism 42 and the heat loss ΔT by the heat loss detection mechanism 43 is a set value. And a target temperature setting means 44 for setting a target value of the temperature of the air blown to the gas outlet 10a so that The target temperature setting means 44 is provided with a third calculating mechanism 45 for calculating a deviation of the moisture Mp in the layer from the target value and a rate of change of the moisture Mp in the layer, and a product Et of the air volume F and the heat loss ΔT. The deviation ΔEt from the set value, the air volume F and the heat loss ΔT
And a fuzzy inference means including a fourth arithmetic mechanism 46 for calculating the rate of change ΔEt / Δt of the product Et and a fuzzy inference unit 47 for inputting those values and outputting a target value of the blast temperature. is there. The product Et of the air volume F and the heat loss ΔT
Is set to a high value at the beginning of granulation when the in-layer moisture Mp of the fluidized bed is increased, as compared with the middle stage of granulation in which the in-layer moisture Mp of the fluidized bed is stable. .
【００３１】前記送風温度制御手段４０は、温度検出セ
ンサ４３ｂの検出温度を入力し、その温度が前記目標温
度設定手段４４による目標温度に調整維持されるよう
に、前記送風温度調節機構５としてのヒータへの供給電
力を調節する離散型ＰＩＤ制御装置で構成してある。The blast temperature control means 40 receives the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 43b, and adjusts and maintains the temperature at the target temperature set by the target temperature setting means 44. It is composed of a discrete PID controller that adjusts the power supplied to the heater.
【００３２】以下に、各制御手段２１，３１，４１によ
る制御内容について説明する。前記第一制御手段２１
は、層内圧力損失ΔＰ（ｍｍＨ2 Ｏ）、弾性波の平均周
波数Ｌ（弾性波出力としては、平均周波数の他にイベン
トレート、強度を示す値を用いることができる）とか
ら、粒子の運動エネルギーＥｋ＝ΔＰ・Ｌ／１００を制
御周期２０秒間隔で演算し、その運動エネルギーの目標
値に対する偏差ΔＥｋ、前回計測値と今回計測値の差で
ある変化率ΔＥｋ／Δｔ、結合剤供給調節機構７ｂの運
転情報（ポンプ操作量）を、図５（イ）から（ホ）に示
すような予め設定されているメンバシップ関数に照らし
合わせて、図６（イ），（ロ）に示すようなファジール
ールに基づいて送風量の目標値（ブロワファンの出力、
或いは、ダンパ機構の開度の目標値）を出力する。例え
ば、図７に示すように、ポンプ機構７ｂがオンからオフ
に移行した時には、送風熱量により層内水分が減少し運
動エネルギーＥｋはそれに対応して上がる傾向にあるの
で、それを防止するために送風量を減らすことで運動エ
ネルギーＥｋを一定に調節し、ポンプがオフからオンに
移行した時には、逆に層内水分が増加し運動エネルギー
Ｅｋはそれに対応して下がる傾向にあるので、それを防
止するために送風量を増すことで運動エネルギーＥｋを
一定に調節するのである。The contents of control by the control means 21, 31, 41 will be described below. The first control means 21
Is the motion of the particles from the pressure drop ΔP (mmH 2 O) in the layer and the average frequency L of the elastic wave (elastic wave output can use values indicating the event rate and intensity in addition to the average frequency). Energy Ek = ΔP · L / 100 is calculated at control cycle intervals of 20 seconds, the deviation ΔEk of the kinetic energy from the target value, the change rate ΔEk / Δt which is the difference between the previous measurement value and the current measurement value, and a binder supply adjusting mechanism. The operation information (pump operation amount) of FIG. 7b is compared with a preset membership function as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (e), and as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). Based on the fuzzy rules, the target value of air flow (output of blower fan,
Alternatively, a target value of the opening degree of the damper mechanism is output. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, when the pump mechanism 7b shifts from ON to OFF, the amount of moisture in the layer decreases due to the amount of air blown, and the kinetic energy Ek tends to increase correspondingly. The kinetic energy Ek is adjusted to a constant level by reducing the amount of air blow, and when the pump is switched from off to on, water in the layer increases and the kinetic energy Ek tends to decrease correspondingly. Therefore, the kinetic energy Ek is adjusted to be constant by increasing the amount of air to be blown.
【００３３】前記第二制御手段３１は、前記造粒容器１
の側壁に配置した層内水分検出機構３２としての赤外線
水分計により計測された層内水分（粒子水分）Ｍｐの目
標値に対する偏差ΔＭｐ、層内水分（粒子水分）Ｍｐの
変化率ΔＭｐ／Δｔを、制御周期５秒間隔で入力して前
記結合剤供給装置７のポンプのオン・オフ信号を出力す
るものである。ここに、粒径安定化の見地からノズル８
ｂから噴霧される液滴径を一定にすべく、ポンプの回転
数を一定の下でオン・オフ制御するよう構成してある。
詳述すると、図８（イ）から（ホ）に示すような予め設
定されているメンバシップ関数に照らし合わせて、図９
（イ）から（ニ）に示すようなファジールールに基づい
て推論し、前記結合剤供給調節機構７ｂへの制御信号を
出力する。例えば、図１０に示すように、造粒工程の初
期段階で、水分が目標値に向かって上昇するときには、
図８（イ），（ロ）に示すメンバシップ関数に基づい
て、図９（イ），（ロ）に示すルールで推論し、水分値
が目標値に比べて十分に小さければ（偏差がマイナス４
％未満）ポンプを常時オンし、水分値が目標値に比べて
やや小さければ（偏差がマイナス４％からマイナス２
％）その程度とその時の上昇速度に応じてオーバーシュ
ートを抑えるべく、目標値に近づくに連れて上昇速度が
小さくなるようにポンプをオンオフ制御する。一方、水
分が定常状態に入る造粒工程の中期段階では、図８
（ハ），（ニ）に示すメンバシップ関数に基づいて、図
９（ハ），（ニ）に示すルールで推論し、水分値が目標
値に比べて大きければ（偏差が１％以上）ポンプを常時
オフし、水分値が目標値の付近にあれば（偏差がマイナ
ス２％から１％）その程度とその時の上昇或いは下降速
度に応じて目標値に対する変動を抑えるべく、目標値に
近づくに連れて上昇或いは下降速度が小さくなるように
ポンプをオンオフ制御するのである。The second control means 31 is provided in the granulation container 1.
The deviation ΔMp of the in-layer moisture (particle moisture) Mp measured by an infrared moisture meter as the in-layer moisture detection mechanism 32 disposed on the side wall of the substrate and the rate of change ΔMp / Δt of the in-layer moisture (particle moisture) Mp are shown in FIG. , And outputs an on / off signal of the pump of the binder supply device 7 by inputting at a control cycle of 5 seconds. Here, from the viewpoint of stabilizing the particle size, the nozzle 8
In order to keep the diameter of the droplet sprayed from b constant, the on / off control of the rotation speed of the pump is performed under a constant condition.
More specifically, FIG. 9A is compared with a preset membership function as shown in FIGS.
Inference is made based on the fuzzy rules shown in (a) to (d), and a control signal is output to the binder supply adjusting mechanism 7b. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, at the initial stage of the granulation process, when the moisture increases toward the target value,
Based on the membership functions shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), inference is made with the rules shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b). If the moisture value is sufficiently smaller than the target value (the deviation is minus 4
%) If the water value is slightly smaller than the target value (the deviation is minus 4% to minus 2)
%) In order to suppress the overshoot according to the degree and the rising speed at that time, the pump is turned on / off so that the rising speed decreases as the target value is approached. On the other hand, in the middle stage of the granulation process in which moisture enters a steady state, FIG.
Based on the membership functions shown in (c) and (d), inference is made according to the rules shown in FIGS. 9 (c) and (d). If the moisture value is larger than the target value (the deviation is 1% or more), the pump When the water value is close to the target value (the deviation is minus 2% to 1%), and when the water value approaches the target value in order to suppress the fluctuation with respect to the target value according to the degree and the ascending or descending speed at that time, The on / off control of the pump is performed so that the ascending or descending speed decreases accordingly.
【００３４】前記第三制御手段４１は、層内水分（粒子
水分）Ｍｐの目標値との偏差ΔＭｐ、層内水分（粒子水
分）Ｍｐの変化率ΔＭｐ／Δｔ、前記送風量Ｆと熱損失
ΔＴの積Ｅｔの設定値に対する偏差ΔＥｔ、前記送風量
Ｆと熱損失ΔＴの積Ｅｔの変化率ΔＥｔ／Δｔを、制御
周期２５秒間隔で入力して積Ｅｔが設定値になるように
前記気体噴出口１０ａへの送風温度の目標値を出力する
ものである。詳述すると、図１１（イ）から図１２
（チ）に示すような予め設定されているメンバシップ関
数に照らし合わせて、図１３（イ）から図１５（ワ）に
示すようなファジールールに基づいて推論し、送風温度
の目標値を出力する。例えば、造粒工程の初期段階で、
層内水分Ｍｐが目標値に向かって上昇して目標値を上回
るとき（層内水分の偏差ΔＭｐが０．２５％を超えて大
きい）には、図１３（ロ）に示すルールで推論し、熱エ
ネルギーＥｔが許容範囲内にあっても層内水分Ｍｐを目
標値内に下げるために一時的に熱エネルギーＥｔを大き
く設定するが、層内水分Ｍｐが目標値付近にあるとき
（層内水分の偏差ΔＭｐがマイナス１．５％から０．２
５％の範囲）には、図１３（ハ）に示すルールで推論
し、層内水分Ｍｐをより正確に目標値に合わせて安定さ
せる。The third control means 41 includes a deviation ΔMp of the layer moisture (particle moisture) Mp from a target value, a rate of change ΔMp / Δt of the layer moisture (particle moisture) Mp, the air volume F and the heat loss ΔT. The deviation ΔEt of the product Et from the set value of the product Et and the rate of change ΔEt / Δt of the product Et of the air flow rate F and the heat loss ΔT are input at control cycle intervals of 25 seconds, and the gas injection is performed so that the product Et becomes the set value. It outputs a target value of the temperature of the air blown to the outlet 10a. More specifically, FIG.
Based on a preset membership function as shown in (h), inference is performed based on fuzzy rules as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) to 15 (w), and a target value of the blast temperature is output. I do. For example, in the initial stage of the granulation process,
When the in-layer moisture Mp rises toward the target value and exceeds the target value (the deviation ΔMp of the in-layer moisture is larger than 0.25%), it is inferred by the rule shown in FIG. Even if the heat energy Et is within the allowable range, the heat energy Et is temporarily set to be large in order to reduce the moisture Mp in the layer to the target value. Deviation ΔMp from −1.5% to 0.2
In the range of 5%), inference is performed by the rule shown in FIG. 13C, and the in-layer moisture Mp is stabilized more accurately to the target value.
【００３５】以上の制御の結果、図４に示すような特性
を示す造粒状態で造粒がなされることになり、例えば、
図中Ａ点では、前記第二制御手段によるポンプ機構７ｂ
の調節や、前記第三制御手段４１による一時的な熱エネ
ルギーＥｔの大なる設定の結果、層内水分Ｍｐのオーバ
ーシュートが回避され良好な状態で造粒がなされている
ことがわかる。As a result of the above control, granulation is performed in a granulated state having characteristics as shown in FIG.
At point A in the figure, the pump mechanism 7b by the second control means
As a result, the overshoot of the moisture Mp in the layer is avoided and the granulation is performed in a favorable state as a result of the adjustment of the temperature and the temporary setting of the thermal energy Et by the third control means 41.
【００３６】以下に別実施例を説明する。前記第一造粒
制御手段２１としては、図１６に示すように、前記弾性
波検出機構２２による出力を一定に維持するように前記
送風量調節機構４を制御するものであっても、ほぼ同様
の効果が得られる。Another embodiment will be described below. As shown in FIG. 16, the first granulation control unit 21 controls the air blowing amount adjustment mechanism 4 so as to maintain the output of the elastic wave detection mechanism 22 at a constant level. The effect of is obtained.
【００３７】前記弾性波検出機構２２は、前記造粒容器
１で造粒層が形成されている範囲の外壁に金属製の取り
付け部材を介して固定設置してあるが、外壁の周部に沿
って複数個取り付けて、それらの平均値を用いてもよ
い。このときには、特定の弾性波検出手段２０の出力が
他の弾性波検出手段２０の出力よりも著しく低くなって
いる場合には、流動層状態が部分的に崩れていることを
検出することができる。The elastic wave detecting mechanism 22 is fixedly installed via an attaching member made of metal on the outer wall of the granulation vessel 1 in the range where the granulation layer is formed. May be used, and their average value may be used. At this time, when the output of the specific elastic wave detecting means 20 is significantly lower than the output of the other elastic wave detecting means 20, it is possible to detect that the fluidized bed state is partially broken. .
【００３８】先の実施例では、前記目標設定手段２４
を、前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの目標値
に対する偏差ΔＥｋと、前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失Δ
Ｐの積Ｅｋの変化率ΔＥｋ／Δｔと、前記層内水分情報
と、を入力して送風量の目標値を出力するファジー推論
手段で構成するものを説明したが、層内水分情報として
はポンプ機構７ｂのオンオフ状態をモニタするものでは
なく層内水分検出機構である赤外線水分計の出力信号
等、他の情報を利用してもよい。但し、ポンプ機構７ｂ
の応答性等に起因する遅延を加味することが重要であ
る。又、前記目標設定手段２４を、前記弾性波出力Ｌと
圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの目標値に対する偏差ΔＥｋと、
前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの変化率ΔＥ
ｋ／Δｔと、を入力して送風量の目標値を出力するファ
ジー推論手段で構成してもよい。さらに、ここで説明し
たメンバシップ関数やファジールール及び制御周期等も
造粒装置の規模や、造粒対象物の特性を考慮して適宜設
定することが可能であることはいうまでもない。In the above embodiment, the target setting means 24
The deviation ΔEk of the product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP from a target value, and the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss Δ
The fuzzy inference means for inputting the rate of change ΔEk / Δt of the product Ek of P and the moisture information in the layer and outputting a target value of the air flow rate has been described. Instead of monitoring the on / off state of the mechanism 7b, other information such as an output signal of an infrared moisture meter that is a moisture detection mechanism in the layer may be used. However, the pump mechanism 7b
It is important to take into account the delay caused by the responsiveness of the device. Further, the target setting means 24 determines a deviation ΔEk of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP from a target value,
Rate of change ΔE of product Ek of elastic wave output L and pressure loss ΔP
k / Δt, and a fuzzy inference unit that outputs a target value of the air flow rate. Further, it goes without saying that the membership function, the fuzzy rule, the control cycle, and the like described here can also be appropriately set in consideration of the scale of the granulating apparatus and the characteristics of the granulation target.
【００３９】先の実施例では、第二制御手段３１、第三
制御手段４１にもファジー推論を用いるものを説明した
が、これらは、特にファジー推論を用いるものに限定す
るものではなく、知識ベースを用いたＡＩ機構を用いる
ものやニューラルネットワークを用いるもの等任意であ
る。In the above embodiment, the second control means 31 and the third control means 41 also use the fuzzy inference. However, these are not limited to those using the fuzzy inference. Any of those using an AI mechanism using, and those using a neural network are optional.
【００４０】尚、特許請求の範囲の項に図面との対照を
便利にするために符号を記すが、該記入により本発明は
添付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。In the claims, reference numerals are provided for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in the attached drawings.
【図１】造粒制御装置のブロック構成図FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a granulation control device.
【図２】造粒装置の概略構成図FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a granulating apparatus.
【図３】造粒過程の説明図FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a granulation process.
【図４】造粒過程の説明図FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a granulation process.
【図５】メンバシップ関数FIG. 5 Membership function
【図６】ファジールールFIG. 6: Fuzzy rules
【図７】制御特性説明図FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of control characteristics.
【図８】メンバシップ関数FIG. 8: Membership function
【図９】ファジールールFIG. 9: Fuzzy rules
【図１０】制御特性説明図FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of control characteristics.
【図１１】メンバシップ関数FIG. 11 Membership function
【図１２】メンバシップ関数FIG. 12 Membership function
【図１３】ファジールールFIG. 13: Fuzzy rules
【図１４】ファジールールFIG. 14: Fuzzy rules
【図１５】ファジールールFIG. 15: Fuzzy rules
【図１６】弾性波検出手段の出力特性図FIG. 16 is an output characteristic diagram of the elastic wave detecting means.
【図１７】弾性波検出手段の出力特性図FIG. 17 is an output characteristic diagram of the elastic wave detecting means.
【図１８】弾性波検出手段の出力特性図FIG. 18 is an output characteristic diagram of the elastic wave detecting means.
【図１９】層高遷移図FIG. 19: Layer height transition diagram
【図２０】従来技術による層高遷移図FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a transition of a layer height according to the prior art
１ 造粒容器 ４ 送風量調節機構 ８ 結合剤噴出機構 １０ａ 気体噴出口 ２０ 送風制御手段 ２２ 弾性波検出機構 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Granulation container 4 Air blowing amount adjusting mechanism 8 Binder jetting mechanism 10a Gas jetting port 20 Air blowing control means 22 Elastic wave detecting mechanism
Claims (5)
口（１０ａ）から噴出される気流により、造粒原料を流
動層状態にして、前記造粒容器（１）の上方空間に設け
た結合剤供給機構（８）から結合剤を噴霧して造粒する
流動層に対して、 前記気体噴出口（１０ａ）への送風量を調節する送風量
調節機構（４）と、前記流動層の粒子運動により生じる
弾性波を検出する弾性波検出機構（２２）と、前記弾性
波検出機構（２２）により検出された弾性波出力Ｌが一
定値になるように前記送風量調節機構（４）を制御する
送風制御手段（２０）とを設けて構成してある流動層利
用の造粒制御装置。1. A granulation raw material is made into a fluidized bed state by an air flow ejected from a gas ejection port (10a) provided at the bottom of a granulation container (1), and is placed in a space above the granulation container (1). An air flow adjusting mechanism (4) for adjusting an air blowing amount to the gas ejection port (10a) with respect to a fluidized bed to be granulated by spraying a bonding agent from a provided bonding agent supply mechanism (8); An elastic wave detecting mechanism (22) for detecting an elastic wave generated by the particle motion of the layer; and an air flow amount adjusting mechanism (4) such that the elastic wave output L detected by the elastic wave detecting mechanism (22) becomes a constant value. ), And a granulation control device using a fluidized bed, which is provided with a blowing control means (20) for controlling the granulation.
口（１０ａ）から噴出される気流により、造粒原料を流
動層状態にして、前記造粒容器（１）の上方空間に設け
た結合剤供給機構（８）から結合剤を噴霧して造粒する
流動層に対して、 前記気体噴出口（１０ａ）への送風量を調節する送風量
調節機構（４）と、送風量が目標値になるように前記送
風量調節機構（４）を制御する送風制御手段（２０）
と、前記流動層の粒子運動により生じる弾性波を検出す
る弾性波検出機構（２２）と、前記流動層での圧力損失
を検出する圧損検出機構（２３）と、前記弾性波検出機
構（２２）による弾性波出力Ｌと前記圧損検出機構（２
３）による圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋが一定値になるように
前記気体噴出口（１０ａ）への送風量の目標値を設定す
る目標設定手段（２４）とを設けて構成してある流動層
利用の造粒制御装置。2. A granulated raw material is made into a fluidized bed state by an air flow jetted from a gas jet port (10a) provided at the bottom of the granulation container (1), and is placed in a space above the granulation container (1). An air volume adjusting mechanism (4) for adjusting an air volume to the gas outlet (10a) with respect to a fluidized bed to be granulated by spraying a binder from a provided binder supply mechanism (8); Blower control means (20) for controlling the blower air amount adjusting mechanism (4) so that the air pressure becomes a target value.
An elastic wave detecting mechanism (22) for detecting an elastic wave generated by the particle motion of the fluidized bed; a pressure loss detecting mechanism (23) for detecting a pressure loss in the fluidized bed; and the elastic wave detecting mechanism (22). And the pressure loss detection mechanism (2)
3) Use of a fluidized bed provided with target setting means (24) for setting a target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet (10a) so that the product Ek of the pressure loss ΔP due to 3) becomes a constant value. Granulation control device.
水分情報を入力して、前記目標設定手段（２４）を、前
記層内水分情報により水分値が大きくなると判断された
ときに前記気体噴出口（１０ａ）への送風量の目標値を
高く設定し、前記層内水分情報により水分値が小さくな
ると判断されたときに前記気体噴出口（１０ａ）への送
風量の目標値を低く設定するように構成してある請求項
２記載の流動層利用の造粒制御装置。3. An in-bed moisture information indicating an increase or a decrease in the in-bed moisture of the fluidized bed is inputted, and the target setting means (24) is operated when it is determined that the moisture value is increased based on the in-bed moisture information. The target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet (10a) is set high, and the target value of the amount of air blown to the gas outlet (10a) is determined when the moisture value is determined to be small based on the moisture information in the layer. The granulation control device using a fluidized bed according to claim 2, wherein the granulation control device is configured to be set at a low level.
波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの目標値に対する偏差
ΔＥｋと、前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの
変化率ΔＥｋ／Δｔと、を入力して送風量の目標値を出
力するファジー推論手段で構成してある請求項２記載の
流動層利用の造粒制御装置。4. The target setting means (24) calculates a deviation ΔEk of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP from a target value, and a change rate ΔEk of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP. 3. The granulation control device using a fluidized bed according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is constituted by fuzzy inference means for inputting / Δt and outputting a target value of the blowing amount.
波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの目標値に対する偏差
ΔＥｋと、前記弾性波出力Ｌと圧力損失ΔＰの積Ｅｋの
変化率ΔＥｋ／Δｔと、前記層内水分情報と、を入力し
て送風量の目標値を出力するファジー推論手段で構成し
てある請求項３記載の流動層利用の造粒制御装置。5. The target setting means (24) calculates a deviation ΔEk of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP from a target value, and a change rate ΔEk of a product Ek of the elastic wave output L and the pressure loss ΔP. 4. The granulation control device using a fluidized bed according to claim 3, comprising fuzzy inference means for inputting /.DELTA.t and the moisture information in the bed and outputting a target value of the blowing amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6037988A JP3059878B2 (en) | 1993-06-29 | 1994-03-09 | Granulation control device using fluidized bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15843593 | 1993-06-29 | ||
| JP5-158435 | 1993-06-29 | ||
| JP6037988A JP3059878B2 (en) | 1993-06-29 | 1994-03-09 | Granulation control device using fluidized bed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0768149A JPH0768149A (en) | 1995-03-14 |
| JP3059878B2 true JP3059878B2 (en) | 2000-07-04 |
Family
ID=26377170
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6037988A Expired - Fee Related JP3059878B2 (en) | 1993-06-29 | 1994-03-09 | Granulation control device using fluidized bed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3059878B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2238283A4 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2012-07-11 | Glaxosmithkline Llc | Method and apparatus for predicting properties of granulated materials and dosage forms made therefrom |
-
1994
- 1994-03-09 JP JP6037988A patent/JP3059878B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0768149A (en) | 1995-03-14 |
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