JP2998084B2 - Strawberry cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Strawberry cultivation equipment

Info

Publication number
JP2998084B2
JP2998084B2 JP10102048A JP10204898A JP2998084B2 JP 2998084 B2 JP2998084 B2 JP 2998084B2 JP 10102048 A JP10102048 A JP 10102048A JP 10204898 A JP10204898 A JP 10204898A JP 2998084 B2 JP2998084 B2 JP 2998084B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
bed
cultivation
sheet
medium
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP10102048A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH11275953A (en
Inventor
正明 植木
英明 高際
博美 栃木
幸雄 稲葉
幸雄 大橋
良行 石原
昭嗣 畠山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tochigi Prefecture
Original Assignee
Tochigi Prefecture
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Tochigi Prefecture filed Critical Tochigi Prefecture
Priority to JP10102048A priority Critical patent/JP2998084B2/en
Publication of JPH11275953A publication Critical patent/JPH11275953A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2998084B2 publication Critical patent/JP2998084B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、いちご等を栽培す
る為の栽培装置に関し、更に詳細には、比較的経済的に
培地の温度管理が実現できると共に培養液の使用量を可
及的に少量又は零とする環境汚染の少ない栽培装置を提
供するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus for cultivating strawberries and the like, and more particularly, to control the temperature of a culture medium relatively economically and to reduce the amount of a culture solution as much as possible. An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation apparatus which has a small amount or zero and has little environmental pollution.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】いちご栽培は、生産性の向上や、省力
化、及び収穫時の摘み取り姿勢の矯正等の作業環境の改
善等を図る為に、ベットを一定の高さに上げて栽培する
方式(高架式)の開発が急務となっているが、ベットを
上に上げると地熱の供給がないので夜間等の冷気で培地
の温度が下がり易いという欠点を有している。そこで、
冬期の安定生産の為に培地の加温が不可欠で、この解決
策として温湯を循環させるパイプを培地内に設置してい
るのが一般的である。具体的には、図6に示す如く断面
コの字型の箱体を発泡スチロール、合成樹脂、アルミニ
ウム等で形成し、箱体に培地を充填すると共にそこに温
湯循環用のパイプを通し、互いに外周を不透根シートで
覆った後、下部に排水溝を刻んで余剰な培養液を廃棄処
分している。
2. Description of the Related Art Strawberry cultivation is a method of raising a bed to a certain height in order to improve productivity, save labor, and improve a working environment such as correcting a picking posture at the time of harvesting. There is an urgent need for the development of the (elevated type), but there is a drawback that when the bed is raised, there is no supply of geothermal heat, so that the temperature of the culture medium tends to decrease due to cold air at night or the like. Therefore,
Heating of the medium is indispensable for stable production in winter, and as a solution to this, it is common to install a pipe for circulating hot water in the medium. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a box having a U-shaped cross section is formed of styrofoam, synthetic resin, aluminum, or the like, and the box is filled with a culture medium and a hot water circulation pipe is passed therethrough. After being covered with an impermeable root sheet, a drainage ditch is cut in the lower part, and excess culture solution is discarded.

【0003】しかし、このような従来装置では、 (a)温湯を循環させる為には、燃焼熱で温湯を発生さ
せるボイラーと、該ボイラからの温湯を送る循環ポンプ
及び循環パイプ等の設備が必要となり、装置的に大規模
化する。 (b)栽培ベッドとして用いられているコの字型の発泡
スチロール、合成樹脂等のベッドは、専用の型を用いて
成形しなければならず、成形に要する費用が高価である
と共に、フレキシブル性に欠ける。 (c)培地の上に設けたパイプから培養液を放水するタ
イプでは、ポンプとの距離が近いか遠いかによって散水
量が異なってくると共に、その過剰分が余剰液を作り出
し、多分の余剰液が土壌や河川に流れ出すと土壌の汚染
や河川、海の富栄養化等の環境汚染問題を惹起する原因
となる。
However, in such a conventional apparatus, (a) in order to circulate hot water, facilities such as a boiler for generating hot water by combustion heat and a circulation pump and a circulation pipe for sending the hot water from the boiler are required. , And the device becomes large-scale. (B) The bed of U-shaped styrofoam, synthetic resin, etc. used as a cultivation bed must be molded using a dedicated mold, and the cost required for molding is high and flexibility is high. Chip. (C) In the type in which the culture solution is discharged from a pipe provided on the medium, the amount of water sprayed differs depending on whether the distance from the pump is short or far, and the excess creates an excess solution, and the excess solution may Flowing into soils and rivers causes environmental pollution problems such as soil pollution and eutrophication of rivers and seas.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記実情に
基づいてなされたもので、熱供給の方式を変えて装置を
軽備化させる等して栽培農家に経済的な負担の少ない栽
培装置を開発すると共に、今後問題化されるであろう余
剰液による環境汚染問題を未然に解消することを主たる
課題として本発明を完成させたものである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made on the basis of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the cultivation apparatus has a small economical burden on the cultivation farmer by changing the method of heat supply to reduce the weight of the apparatus. The present invention has been completed with the main object of solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by excess liquid, which will become a problem in the future.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明いちご栽培装置
は、横架させた2本のアーム間に可撓性フィルムを断面
U字型に弛ませて栽培ベットを形成すると共に該ベット
内に培地を装填し、該栽培ベットの下方を防水性を備え
た外層シートで囲繞させて気層空間を形成すると共に、
該気層空間の一部に暖房機及び/又は冷房機に連結した
温風又は冷風を送るダクトを配設し、該ベッドの上方に
培養液を滴下させる送液管を配設すると共に、毛管現象
にて培養液を拡散させる浸潤性シートを培地上面及び/
又は下面に敷設して構成される。
According to the present invention, a strawberry cultivation apparatus comprises a cultivation bed formed by loosening a flexible film into a U-shaped cross section between two horizontally traversed arms and forming a culture medium in the bed. To form an air space by surrounding the lower part of the cultivation bed with a waterproof outer layer sheet,
A duct connected to a heater and / or a cooler for sending hot or cold air is provided in a part of the gas space, and a liquid supply pipe for dropping a culture solution is provided above the bed, and a capillary is provided. The infiltration sheet that diffuses the culture solution by the phenomenon
Or it is constructed by laying on the lower surface.

【0006】第二の発明は、横架させた2本のアーム間
に可撓性フィルムを断面U字型に弛ませて栽培ベットを
少なくとも2個以上形成すると共に該ベット内に培地を
装填し、該2個以上の栽培ベットの下方を囲繞させて防
水性を備えた外層シートを配して気層空間を形成すると
共に、該気層空間の一部で上記2個以上の栽培ベットの
間に暖房機及び/又は冷房機に連結した温風又は冷風を
送るダクトを配設し、該ベッドの上方に培養液を滴下さ
せる送液管を配設すると共に、毛管現象にて培養液を拡
散させる浸潤性シートを培地上面及び/又は下面に敷設
して構成される。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, at least two or more cultivation beds are formed by loosening a flexible film into a U-shaped cross section between two horizontally laid arms, and a medium is loaded in the beds. A watertight outer layer sheet is arranged so as to surround the lower part of the two or more cultivation beds to form an air space, and a part of the air space between the two or more cultivation beds. A duct is connected to the heater and / or cooler to send hot or cold air, and a liquid feed pipe for dropping the culture is placed above the bed, and the culture is diffused by capillary action. The infiltration sheet to be made is laid on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the medium.

【0007】このとき、栽培ベットの下部に、外層シー
ト上で培養液が貯留する箇所に向けて毛管現象で水分を
吸引し得る吸水布を垂下させるのが望ましい。
At this time, it is desirable that a water-absorbing cloth capable of sucking water by capillary action is hung down below the cultivation bed toward a location where the culture solution is stored on the outer layer sheet.

【0008】又、培地は、クリプトモスとパーライトと
を混合させたものとするのが望ましい。
[0008] The medium is desirably a mixture of cryptomoss and perlite.

【0009】[0009]

【実施態様】培地幅に適した間隔で、鉄パイプの二本の
アーム1を架設し、そこに断面略U字形となるよう弛ま
せてベットシート2を渡し、左右端部を巻き付けて固定
し、そこに培地3を充填して培地ベッド4を形成する。
該シート2の固定には、シート端末とアームとを固定用
のパッカーで止めるか、或いは、シート端末を袋状に縫
い合わせる等する。該ベッドシート2には、不透根シー
トを用いるのが一般的で、該不透根シートとは、水及び
空気が透過可能であるが、毛根、土砂等は通さないよう
網目を形成したものをいい、不織布又は織布がある。こ
のシートで形成されたU字方の中に培地3を充填して栽
培ベッド4を構成する。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS At an interval suitable for the width of a culture medium, two arms 1 of an iron pipe are erected, loosened so as to have a substantially U-shaped cross section, passed over a bed sheet 2 and wrapped around right and left ends, and fixed. The medium 3 is filled therein to form a medium bed 4.
For fixing the sheet 2, the sheet terminal and the arm are stopped by a fixing packer, or the sheet terminal is sewn in a bag shape. An impervious root sheet is generally used for the bed sheet 2. The impervious root sheet is formed of a mesh that allows water and air to pass through but does not allow hair roots, earth and sand, etc. to pass through. And there are nonwoven fabrics and woven fabrics. The cultivation bed 4 is constituted by filling the medium 3 into the U-shape formed by this sheet.

【0010】該培地3には、従来ロックウールとするの
が一般的であるが、これは保水性に優れる一方で、空隙
性に乏しいので根腐れを起こし易く、又、廃棄にあって
は、腐敗性がないので処理が困難であるという欠点を持
っていた。そこで本発明では、杉の皮を乾燥させて細か
くしたクリプトモスにパーライトを混入させたものを培
地3とした。この培地3は、保水性と空隙性のバランス
に秀れ、生育結果を示すと表1の通りとなった。
Conventionally, the medium 3 is generally made of rock wool. This is excellent in water retention, but is poor in porosity, so that root rot is liable to occur. It had the drawback that it was difficult to treat because it had no spoilage. Therefore, in the present invention, the culture medium 3 was obtained by mixing pearlite with cryptomoss obtained by drying cedar skin and making it fine. This medium 3 was excellent in the balance between water retention and porosity, and the growth results were as shown in Table 1.

【表1】 即ち、クリプトモスにパーライト30%混合のものは、
554.8g/株及び561.8g/株で、従来のロッ
クウールの可販果収量が合計で469.3g/株である
のに対し、17%以上の収量の増加をもたらすことが判
明した。
[Table 1] In other words, a mixture of 30% perlite and cryptomos,
At 554.8 g / strain and 561.8 g / strain, it was found that the marketable fruit yield of conventional rock wool was 469.3 g / strain in total, resulting in an increase in yield of 17% or more.

【0011】次に、図1に示す如く、上記栽培ベット4
の下方を外層シート5で囲繞させて気層空間6を形成す
る。即ち、前記栽培ベッド4の下部に外層シート5を、
ベッドシート2と同様二本のアームに断面略U字形とな
るよう且つベッドシート2より更に弛ませてシートを渡
し、左右端部を巻き付けて固定し、該栽培ベッド4と外
層シート5との間に気層空間6を形成する。該外層シー
ト5は、少なくとも防水性を備え、望ましくは、断熱性
及び遮光性に優れた素材を用い、例えば、高密度ポリエ
チレンと低密度ポリエチレンの二層構造のシートとす
る。
Next, as shown in FIG.
Is surrounded by an outer layer sheet 5 to form a gas space 6. That is, the outer layer sheet 5 is provided below the cultivation bed 4,
As with the bed sheet 2, the sheet is passed over the two arms so that it has a substantially U-shaped cross section and is further slackened than the bed sheet 2, and the left and right ends are wound and fixed, and between the cultivation bed 4 and the outer layer sheet 5. An air space 6 is formed at the bottom. The outer layer sheet 5 is made of a material having at least waterproofness, and desirably, a material having excellent heat insulating properties and light shielding properties. For example, the outer layer sheet 5 has a two-layered structure of high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene.

【0012】そして、該気層空間6の一部、例えば、中
央部に前記気層空間6内に暖気又は冷気を通すダクト7
を配設し、該ダクト7に暖房燃焼機又は冷房機を連結す
る(図示省略)。該ダクト7は、可撓性の合成樹脂等で
形成し、例えば、厚み0.005〜0.01mm程度の
ポリエチレンを半径60mm程度のチューブ体とし、そ
こに細径の通気孔7aを穿設して暖気を送る直接型とす
るか、或いは、通気孔を設けずダクトからの放射、伝導
で暖める間接型とする。直接型の場合、温風がベットシ
ートを介して培地を直接暖めるので、加熱効率が高い
が、培地の水分を奪い易く、一方、間接型は加熱効率が
悪いが、水分を奪う割合が少ないという長所短所を有し
ており、目的に応じて型を選択する。直接型及び間接型
のいずれも、ダクトチューブの端末に絞り部を設けて送
風された温風又は冷風の排出量の調整を行う。暖房機の
場合、重油を燃焼させる室内暖房用の温風暖房機又はハ
ウス加熱機等の温風を発生し得る機器であれば良く、該
暖房機を新設させても良いが、温風暖房機等は室内暖房
用の既設の暖房機をそのまま利用することができる。こ
の点、ボイラーを必要とする温湯式と比べて装置の簡潔
化が図れる。
A duct 7 through which warm air or cold air flows into a part of the gas space 6, for example, a central portion of the gas space 6.
And a heating combustor or a cooling machine is connected to the duct 7 (not shown). The duct 7 is made of a flexible synthetic resin or the like. For example, polyethylene having a thickness of about 0.005 to 0.01 mm is formed into a tube having a radius of about 60 mm, and a small-diameter vent hole 7a is formed therein. Either a direct type, which sends warm air, or an indirect type, in which a ventilation hole is not provided and radiation and conduction from a duct heat the air. In the case of the direct type, the warm air directly heats the medium through the bed sheet, so the heating efficiency is high, but the medium is easily deprived of water, while the indirect type is poor in heating efficiency, but the rate of water deprivation is small. It has advantages and disadvantages, and chooses a mold according to the purpose. In both the direct type and the indirect type, a throttle section is provided at the end of the duct tube to adjust the discharge amount of the blown hot or cold air. In the case of a heater, any device capable of generating warm air such as a warm air heater or a house heater for indoor heating that burns heavy oil may be used, and the heater may be newly installed. For example, an existing heater for indoor heating can be used as it is. In this regard, the apparatus can be simplified compared to a hot water type requiring a boiler.

【0013】又、該ダクトの形成にあって、図2に示す
如く、栽培ベット4を2個並べ、該栽培ベットの下方を
囲繞させて外層シート2を配して気層空間6を形成し、
該栽培ベット4の間にダクトを配設する二連式とするこ
ともでき、更に該栽培ベットを3個以上並べて多連式と
することもできる。
In the formation of the duct, as shown in FIG. 2, two cultivation beds 4 are arranged, and an outer layer sheet 2 is arranged so as to surround the lower part of the cultivation beds and form an air space 6. ,
It is also possible to use a double type in which a duct is provided between the cultivation beds 4, and to form a multiple type by arranging three or more cultivation beds.

【0014】次に、培地への養液の均一分散及び後述の
余剰水の抑制を図る目的で、該栽培ベッド4の上に給液
管を配し、その一部に孔を穿設し、培養液を滴下させ、
その下に浸潤性シート8を配する。該浸潤性シート8と
は、滴下した液を毛管作用で繊維方向に浸透させていく
性能を有するシートをいい、例えばポリエステルの長繊
維を不織布としたものがある。該シート7は、培地の上
に敷設する態様と、培地の下に敷設する態様とがあり、
上側に敷設する場合は、ベッド幅いっぱいに敷設するの
が望ましいが、ベッドの側部にはいちごの株が植えられ
るので、その部分は切り抜く等して除き、下に敷設する
場合には不透根シートと併用するのが望ましい。勿論、
該浸潤性シート8は上部と下部の双方に敷設するのが好
ましいが、経済性を考慮して態様を選択する。
Next, for the purpose of uniformly dispersing the nutrient solution in the culture medium and suppressing excess water as described below, a feed pipe is arranged on the cultivation bed 4 and a hole is drilled in a part thereof. Drop the culture solution,
The infiltration sheet 8 is arranged under it. The infiltrating sheet 8 refers to a sheet having a function of allowing the dripped liquid to permeate in the fiber direction by capillary action, and for example, a nonwoven fabric of polyester long fibers. The sheet 7 has a mode of laying on a medium and a mode of laying under a medium.
When laying on the upper side, it is desirable to lay the entire width of the bed, but since strawberry stock is planted on the side of the bed, cut out that part and remove it, etc. It is desirable to use it together with the root sheet. Of course,
The infiltration sheet 8 is preferably laid on both the upper and lower parts, but the mode is selected in consideration of economy.

【0015】次に、給液管9は、培地上方に設置して培
養液を滴下させて必要量を供給するもので、例えば、図
3に示す如く、ホース本体の外側に取水口9aを穿ち、
そこからジグザグ型の通路9bを形成し、その終端部に
排水口9cを穿設する点滴部を形成する。ホース本体か
ら取入口9aに導かれた水は、ジグザグ型の通路9bを
流れるので、ホース内水圧が調整されて灌水量が一定と
なる。
Next, a liquid supply pipe 9 is provided above the culture medium to supply a required amount by dropping a culture solution. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a water supply port 9a is formed outside the hose body. ,
A zigzag-shaped passage 9b is formed therefrom, and a drip portion for forming a drain port 9c is formed at the end thereof. The water guided from the hose body to the inlet 9a flows through the zigzag-shaped passage 9b, so that the water pressure in the hose is adjusted and the amount of irrigation becomes constant.

【0016】更に、気層空間の下部に溜まった余剰液に
対し、その溜まり部に毛管作用で吸い上げ可能な吸水布
10を垂下させて余剰液の吸い上げ機構を形成する。該
吸水布10は、毛細管現象を惹起させ得る布体で構成
し、例えば、浸潤性シート8と同様ポリエステルの長繊
維を不織布としたものとすることができる。該吸水布1
0は、浸潤性シート8を下側に敷いて、吸水布10と連
結させると、吸い上げ液が更に拡散して培地への液供給
を均一にする。
Furthermore, a water absorbing cloth 10 that can be sucked up by capillary action is drooped to the surplus liquid collected in the lower part of the gas layer space by the capillary action to form a surplus liquid sucking mechanism. The water-absorbing cloth 10 is formed of a cloth body capable of causing a capillary phenomenon, and for example, similarly to the infiltration sheet 8, a polyester long fiber can be made into a nonwoven fabric. The absorbent cloth 1
0, when the infiltration sheet 8 is laid on the lower side and connected to the water-absorbing cloth 10, the sucked-up liquid is further diffused to make the liquid supply to the culture medium uniform.

【0017】該吸水布10の形成にあたって、栽培ベッ
ト4中央の直下にダクト7を配設する場合には吸水布1
0を垂下させ難いが、この場合には、吸水布10をダク
ト7の回りに迂回させれば良く、吸水布10の毛管現象
は高低差に影響されるだけであって吸水布10の長さに
影響されないので、吸水力に何等問題は生じない。
In forming the water-absorbent cloth 10, when the duct 7 is disposed immediately below the center of the cultivation bed 4, the water-absorbent cloth 1
However, in this case, the water absorbing cloth 10 may be detoured around the duct 7, and the capillary phenomenon of the water absorbing cloth 10 is only affected by the height difference. Since there is no effect on the water absorption, no problem occurs in the water absorption.

【0018】次に、本実施態様に基づいていちご栽培を
行う際の作用を説明する。先ず、冬期に暖房機を燃焼さ
せ、ダクト7を通して気層空間6に暖気を送ると、該ダ
クト7から通気孔7aを通って暖気が気層空間6内に充
満し、該気層空間6は栽培ベット4の下側全体と接触し
ているから、該栽培ベット4を全体的に、且つ、均一
に、効率良く暖めて、冬期におけるいちご培地を適温に
維持する。この温風による栽培ベットの加温と従来装置
による加温とを比較し、その収量の違いを比べたのが下
記の表2である。
Next, the operation when strawberry cultivation is performed based on this embodiment will be described. First, when the heater is burned in the winter to send warm air to the gas space 6 through the duct 7, the warm air fills the gas space 6 from the duct 7 through the vent hole 7a, and the gas space 6 Since the cultivation bed 4 is in contact with the entire lower side of the cultivation bed 4, the cultivation bed 4 is entirely and uniformly and efficiently warmed, and the strawberry culture medium in winter is maintained at an appropriate temperature. Table 2 below shows a comparison between the heating of the cultivation bed by the warm air and the heating by the conventional apparatus, and the difference in the yield.

【表2】 従来型:発泡スチロール製正方形型ベットに難分解バー
クミックスを装填して培地とし、その培地内に電熱線を
配して加温したもの。 温風型:シート製ベットに、難分解バークミックスを培
地とし、ダクトから温風で加温したもの。 この結果、12月,1月,2月の前記においては、従来
型の月別収量が僅か上回ったものの、3月,4月,5月
の後期においては逆に温風型が大幅に上回り、全体とし
ても合計収量及び1果重も従来型を上回り、適切な加温
であることが裏付けられた。
[Table 2] Conventional type: A medium made by loading a hardly decomposable bark mix into a styrene foam square bed, and heating the medium by arranging a heating wire in the medium. Hot air type: A bed made of a hard-to-decompose bark mix as a medium and heated from a duct with warm air. As a result, in December, January and February, the monthly yield of the conventional type was slightly higher, but in the latter half of March, April and May, on the contrary, the hot air type significantly increased, Even so, the total yield and 1 fruit weight also exceeded the conventional type, confirming that the heating was appropriate.

【0019】このとき、暖房機で生じた暖気はダクト7
を介して気層空間6に送られ、該気層空間6に充満した
暖気が栽培ベット4を暖め、その後該暖気は、気層空間
6の一部から空中に放出させれば良い。従って、循環式
としてパイプを密閉状に連結させて、重い温湯を循環ポ
ンプで循環させる従来の装置と比較すると、装備が軽量
化されると共に大幅に簡潔化される。又、該暖房機は、
ハウス暖房用のもの等既設の物を利用することができる
ので、経済的負担が少ない。
At this time, the warm air generated by the heater is supplied to the duct 7
Then, the warm air filled in the gas space 6 warms the cultivation bed 4 and the warm air may be released into the air from a part of the gas space 6. Therefore, as compared with a conventional apparatus in which pipes are hermetically connected as a circulation type and heavy hot water is circulated by a circulation pump, the equipment is reduced in weight and greatly simplified. Also, the heater is
Since existing items such as those for house heating can be used, there is little economic burden.

【0020】このことは、夏期等で栽培ベットを冷やす
必要が生じた場合でも、ダクトを冷房機に連結させてや
れば良く、作用もまったく同様である。
This means that even if it is necessary to cool the cultivation bed in summer or the like, the duct may be connected to the cooling machine, and the operation is exactly the same.

【0021】次に、上記栽培ベット4に対し、培養液を
供給する際、従来の散水又は放水式にあっては、滴下し
た養液が培地に落とされ、重力に従ってそのまま下方に
浸透するから、滴下したところから殆ど拡散しない傾向
にあった。しかし、本発明装置では、給液管9から滴下
された養液が、浸潤性シート8に落とされ、それが毛管
現象により繊維方向に沿って浸透し、シート全体が浸潤
状態となり、更に培地へと養液が浸透していく。これ
を、従来装置との比較で試験したのが、図4及び表3で
ある。
Next, when a culture solution is supplied to the cultivation bed 4 in the conventional watering or water-spraying method, the dropped nutrient solution is dropped into the medium and permeates downward according to gravity. There was a tendency that it hardly diffused from the place where it was dropped. However, in the apparatus of the present invention, the nutrient solution dropped from the liquid supply pipe 9 is dropped on the infiltrating sheet 8 and penetrates along the fiber direction by capillary action, so that the entire sheet is in an infiltrated state and further into the culture medium. And the nutrient solution permeates. FIG. 4 and Table 3 show a test of this in comparison with a conventional apparatus.

【表3】 A:給液管から直接培地に滴下させた場合(図4A) B:給液管から培地上面に浸潤シートを敷設ものに滴下
させた場合(図4B) この結果、従来のものが給液管の直下の部分に、全体の
約15%が拡散しているに過ぎないのに対し(図4A参
照)、本発明装置は100%培地全体に拡散しており、
効率良い拡散が確認された。又、保水量も13%程度向
上している(図4B参照)。
[Table 3] A: When the medium is dropped directly from the liquid supply tube (FIG. 4A) B: When the infiltration sheet is dropped from the liquid supply tube on the medium upper surface (FIG. 4B) As a result, the conventional liquid supply tube While only about 15% of the whole is spread in the portion immediately below (see FIG. 4A), the device of the present invention is spread over the entire 100% medium,
Efficient diffusion was confirmed. Also, the water retention is improved by about 13% (see FIG. 4B).

【0022】又、従来装置にあっては、培地全体に養液
を満たす必要性から、若干過剰の養液を供給することと
なり、余剰液を生じることが不可避であったが、本発明
装置では、上記湿潤シート8によって、養液に均一拡散
が図られるから、可及的に少量の養液供給で済む。加え
て、吸水布10を垂らすと、仮に過剰量の養液を加え、
外層シート5上に余剰水が溜まった場合にも、該吸水布
10が毛管現象によりこの余剰水を吸い上げ、培地内へ
と吸収し、余剰水を零とする。この吸い上げ状態及び拡
散状態を試験したのが、図5及び表4である。
In the conventional apparatus, a slightly excessive nutrient solution is supplied due to the necessity of filling the entire medium with the nutrient solution, and it is inevitable that an excess liquid is generated. Since the nutrient solution is uniformly diffused by the wet sheet 8, the supply of the nutrient solution is as small as possible. In addition, if the water-absorbing cloth 10 is dropped, an excessive amount of nutrient solution is temporarily added,
Even when surplus water accumulates on the outer layer sheet 5, the water absorbing cloth 10 absorbs the surplus water by capillary action and absorbs the surplus water into the culture medium, thereby reducing the surplus water to zero. FIG. 5 and Table 4 show a test of the suction state and the diffusion state.

【表4】 C:ベット直下に吸水布を垂下し、余剰水から吸引する
場合(図5A)。 D:ベット下面に浸潤シートを敷設したものと吸水布と
を組合せて余剰水から吸引する場合(図5B)。 この結果、吸水布は、培地1000cc当たり260c
c以上の吸水量を持つことが確認された。又、上記浸潤
性シート8との組合せにおいては、吸水量は若干の向上
をもたらすに過ぎないが、拡散割合は9%から18%へ
と大きく割合が向上した(図5B参照)。
[Table 4] C: When a water-absorbing cloth is hung directly below the bed and suction is performed from surplus water (FIG. 5A). D: In the case where suction water is absorbed from surplus water using a combination of a sheet in which an infiltration sheet is laid on the lower surface of the bed and a water absorbing cloth (FIG. 5B). As a result, the absorbent cloth is 260 c per 1000 cc of the culture medium.
It was confirmed to have a water absorption of c or more. In addition, in the combination with the infiltrating sheet 8, the water absorption only slightly improved, but the diffusion ratio was greatly improved from 9% to 18% (see FIG. 5B).

【0023】又、該吸水布10と浸潤性シート8とを組
合せた状態での苗の生育と廃液量を試験したのが表5で
ある。
Table 5 shows the growth of the seedlings and the amount of waste liquid in a state where the water-absorbing cloth 10 and the infiltrating sheet 8 are combined.

【表5】 条件:給液管の下で培地の上面に浸潤シートを敷設し、
ベット下部に吸水布を施した。給液は1回当たり1株に
38ccとした。 この結果、同様な生育が得られながら、給液量は約半分
程度で済み、且つ、廃液量は零となることが確認され
た。
[Table 5] Conditions: Lay an infiltration sheet on the upper surface of the medium under the feed pipe,
A water-absorbing cloth was provided under the bed. The liquid supply was 38 cc per share at a time. As a result, it was confirmed that while the same growth was obtained, the amount of liquid supply was only about half, and the amount of waste liquid was zero.

【0024】[0024]

【実施例1】ビニールハウス内で地上で約90cmの高
さに、鉄製パイプ2本を約30メートル程に横架させ、
そこに不透根シートとしてポリエステル繊維(東洋紡B
KS1820)を幅約30cmで最大厚み15cm程度
となるよう弛ませてU字型の栽培ベットを形成し、端部
をパッカーで固定した。培地には、クリプトモスSとパ
ーライト30%を混合させて装填した。同時に、外層シ
ートとして、高密度ポリエチレンと低密度ポリエチレン
の二層としたシート(ダイヤテックス テルエ−スブラ
ック)を、鉄製パイプに固定し、最大厚みが10cm程
度となるよう気層空間を形成した。その内部中央に直径
約6cmのチューブ状のポリエチレンをダクトとして通
し、該ダクトに直径1mm程度の通気孔を多数穿設し
た。該ダクトは、重油燃焼型の暖房機に連結した。該栽
培ベットの上に浸潤性シートとしてポリエステルの不織
布(ユニチカ ラブマット)を敷き、その上方に低密度
ポリエチレンで形成したドリップチューブ(NETAF
IM)を配設し、培養液を滴下させた。この結果、2月
の厳冬期にも培地が約15℃前後に維持され、収量が4
95g/株となった。且つ、余剰水は僅か20mmが溜
まる程度であった。
[Example 1] Two iron pipes were laid about 30 meters above the ground in a plastic greenhouse at a height of about 90 cm,
There, polyester fiber (Toyobo B
KS1820) was slackened to have a width of about 30 cm and a maximum thickness of about 15 cm to form a U-shaped cultivation bed, and the ends were fixed with a packer. The medium was loaded with a mixture of Cryptomos S and 30% perlite. At the same time, a double-layered sheet of high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene (Dia-Tex® Stealth Black) was fixed to an iron pipe as an outer layer sheet, and an air space was formed so that the maximum thickness was about 10 cm. A tube-shaped polyethylene having a diameter of about 6 cm was passed through the center of the inside as a duct, and a large number of air holes having a diameter of about 1 mm were formed in the duct. The duct was connected to a heavy oil combustion type heater. A polyester nonwoven fabric (Unitika Labmat) is laid on the cultivation bed as an infiltration sheet, and a drip tube (NETAF) made of low-density polyethylene is laid above the nonwoven fabric.
IM), and the culture solution was dropped. As a result, the medium was maintained at about 15 ° C. even in the severe winter season in February, and the yield was 4
95 g / strain. In addition, only 20 mm of surplus water was accumulated.

【0025】[0025]

【実施例2】ビニールハウス内で地上で約90cmの高
さに、鉄製パイプ4本を約30メートル程に横架させ、
そこに不透根シートとしてポリエステル繊維(東洋紡B
KS1820)を幅約30cmで高さ15cm程度とな
るよう弛ませてU字型の栽培ベットを2個並べて形成
し、端部をパッカーで固定した。培地には、クリプトモ
スSとパーライト30%を混合させて装填した。同時
に、外層シートとして、高密度ポリエチレンと低密度ポ
リエチレンの二層としたシート(ダイヤテックステルエ
−スブラック)を、上記2個の栽培ベットの下部を囲う
ようにし、最大高さが10cm程度となるよう気層空間
を形成した。該気層空間の栽培ベットの下部の不透根シ
ートから外層シートの液溜まり部に向けて約13cmの
長さでポリエステルの不織布(ユニチカ ラブマット)
を垂下した。そして、該2個の栽培ベットの中間位置に
直径約6cmのチューブ状のポリエチレンをダクトとし
て通し、該ダクトに直径1mmの通気孔を多数穿設し
た。該ダクトは、燃焼型の暖房機に連結した。該栽培ベ
ットの上に低密度ポリエチレンで形成したドリップチュ
ーブ(NETAFIM)を配設し、培養液を滴下させ
た。その結果、実施例1と同様の優れた収量を得ると共
に、余剰水が零となり、更に部品点数が減少し、廉価な
タイプとなった。
[Example 2] Four iron pipes are laid about 30 meters above the ground in a plastic greenhouse at a height of about 90 cm,
There, polyester fiber (Toyobo B
KS1820) was slackened so as to have a width of about 30 cm and a height of about 15 cm, thereby forming two U-shaped cultivation beds side by side, and fixing the ends with a packer. The medium was loaded with a mixture of Cryptomos S and 30% perlite. At the same time, a two-layer sheet of high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene (Diatex stealth black) is used as the outer layer sheet so as to surround the lower part of the two cultivation beds, and the maximum height is about 10 cm. A gas space was formed. A polyester nonwoven fabric (Unitika Labmat) having a length of about 13 cm from the impermeable root sheet at the lower part of the cultivation bed in the gas space to the liquid pool of the outer layer sheet
Drooped. Then, a tube-like polyethylene having a diameter of about 6 cm was passed through a duct at an intermediate position between the two cultivation beds, and a large number of ventilation holes having a diameter of 1 mm were formed in the duct. The duct was connected to a combustion type heater. A drip tube (NETAFIM) made of low-density polyethylene was provided on the cultivation bed, and the culture solution was dropped. As a result, the same excellent yield as in Example 1 was obtained, and surplus water was reduced to zero, the number of parts was further reduced, and an inexpensive type was obtained.

【0026】[0026]

【発明の効果】以上の構成に係る本発明は、下記の如き
効果を奏する。 (a)栽培ベットの底面が直下に形成された気層空間に
全面的に接触し、そこから供給される暖気又は冷気によ
って、培地が均一で且つ効率良く温度管理がなされ、極
めて高い収量を得ることができる。同時に、該気層空間
による暖気又は冷気は、空中に放散することができ、重
い温湯を密閉状のパイプ内で循環させる従来装置と比較
すると、装備が簡便になると共に、暖房機をハウス暖房
用等の既設のものを利用できるので経済的負担を大幅に
軽減させる。
The present invention according to the above configuration has the following effects. (A) The bottom surface of the cultivation bed comes into full contact with the gas space formed immediately below, and the medium is uniformly and efficiently temperature-controlled by warm air or cool air supplied therefrom, and an extremely high yield is obtained. be able to. At the same time, warm air or cool air due to the gas layer space can be radiated into the air, and compared to a conventional device that circulates heavy hot water in a closed pipe, equipment becomes simpler and a heater is used for house heating. Since existing equipment such as can be used, the economic burden is greatly reduced.

【0027】(b)培養液の給液管からの滴下と浸潤性
シートとの組合せにより、培養液の培地への拡散が効率
的となり、培地全体に渡って均一な濃度で培養液が供給
されると共に、過剰な供給をできるかぎり抑制すること
ができるので、経済的であると共に余剰水の発生をも可
及的に少なくする。
(B) The combination of the culture solution dripping from the supply tube and the infiltrating sheet makes the diffusion of the culture solution into the medium more efficient, and the culture solution is supplied at a uniform concentration throughout the medium. In addition, since excess supply can be suppressed as much as possible, it is economical and the generation of surplus water is reduced as much as possible.

【0028】(c)上記浸潤性シートに加えて吸水布を
垂下せさると、該吸水布は毛管現象で水分を吸引し得る
ので、外層シートに溜まった余剰水を再び培地に戻して
培養液として働かせることができ、余剰水の発生を零に
することが可能となり、環境汚染問題を完全に解消する
ことができる。
(C) When a water-absorbing cloth is drooped in addition to the above-mentioned infiltrating sheet, the water-absorbing cloth can suck moisture by capillary action.
Therefore, the excess water accumulated in the outer layer sheet can be returned to the culture medium and used as a culture solution, and the generation of excess water can be reduced to zero, thereby completely eliminating the problem of environmental pollution.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明装置の模式的側断面図。FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of the device of the present invention.

【図2】本発明装置の別の態様の模式的側断面図。FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

【図3】本発明装置の給液部の一態様を示す平面図。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a liquid supply unit of the apparatus of the present invention.

【図4】培地への養液の拡散状態を示す模式的側断面図
で、(A)が従来の装置の場合、(B)が本発明浸潤性
シートを培地上面に敷設した場合を示す。
FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view showing a state of diffusion of a nutrient solution into a culture medium. FIG. 4 (A) shows a case of a conventional device, and FIG.

【図5】培地への養液の拡散状態を示す模式的側断面図
で、(A)が吸水布だけを垂下したの場合、(B)が吸
水布と培地下面に敷設した浸潤性シートとを組合せた場
合を示す。
FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional view showing a diffusion state of a nutrient solution to a culture medium, where (A) is a case where only a water-absorbing cloth is hung down, Is shown.

【図6】従来装置の培地と加温を示す側断面図。FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a culture medium and heating of a conventional apparatus.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 アーム 2 ベットシート 3 培地 4 栽培ベット 5 外層シート 6 気層空間 7 ダクト 7a 通気孔 8 浸潤性シート 9 給液管 10 吸水布 Reference Signs List 1 arm 2 bed sheet 3 culture medium 4 cultivation bed 5 outer layer sheet 6 gas layer space 7 duct 7a vent hole 8 infiltration sheet 9 liquid supply pipe 10 water absorbing cloth

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 稲葉 幸雄 栃木県栃木市大塚町2920 栃木県農業試 験場栃木分場内 (72)発明者 大橋 幸雄 栃木県栃木市大塚町2920 栃木県農業試 験場栃木分場内 (72)発明者 石原 良行 栃木県宇都宮市塙田1−1−20 栃木県 普及教育課内 (72)発明者 畠山 昭嗣 栃木県栃木市大塚町2920 栃木県農業試 験場栃木分場内 (56)参考文献 特開 平8−172949(JP,A) 特開 平10−37(JP,A) 特開 平4−346726(JP,A) 実開 平6−75128(JP,U) 実公 昭58−10445(JP,Y2) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) A01G 1/00 A01G 9/00 - 9/02 A01G 9/20 A01G 25/02 A01G 31/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yukio Inaba 2920 Otsukacho, Tochigi City, Tochigi Prefecture Tochigi Agricultural Experiment Station Tochigi Branch Office In Tochigi Branch (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Ishihara 1-1-20 Hanada, Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture Extension Education Division, Tochigi Prefecture (72) Inventor Akashi Hatakeyama 2920 Otsukacho, Tochigi City, Tochigi Prefecture References JP-A-8-172949 (JP, A) JP-A-10-37 (JP, A) JP-A-4-346726 (JP, A) JP-A-6-75128 (JP, U) 58-10445 (JP, Y2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) A01G 1/00 A01G 9/00-9/02 A01G 9/20 A01G 25/02 A01G 31/00

Claims (2)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 横架させた2本のアーム間に不透根シー
を断面U字型に弛ませて栽培ベットを形成すると共に
該ベット内に培地を装填し、 該栽培ベットの下方を防水性を備えた外層シートで囲繞
させて気層空間を形成すると共に、該気層空間の一部に
暖房機及び/又は冷房機に連結した温風又は冷風を送る
ダクトを配設し、 該ベッドの上方に培養液を滴下させる送液管を配設する
と共に、毛管現象にて培養液を拡散させる浸潤性シート
を培地上面及び/又は下面に敷設し、該ベットの下部に外層シート上で培養液が貯留する箇所
に向けて吸水布を垂下させた ことを特徴とするいちご栽
培装置。
An impermeable root seal is provided between two horizontally mounted arms.
The cultivation bed is formed by loosening the cultivation bed into a U-shaped cross section and a culture medium is loaded into the bed, and the lower part of the cultivation bed is surrounded by a waterproof outer layer sheet to form an air space, A duct connected to a heater and / or a cooler for sending hot or cold air is disposed in a part of the gas space, and a liquid supply pipe for dropping a culture solution is disposed above the bed; A place where the infiltration sheet for diffusing the culture solution by the phenomenon is laid on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the medium, and the culture solution is stored on the outer layer sheet under the bed.
A strawberry cultivation apparatus characterized in that a water-absorbing cloth is hung toward the strawberry.
【請求項2】 横架させた2本のアーム間に不透根シー
を断面U字型に弛ませて栽培ベットを少なくとも2個
以上形成すると共に該ベット内に培地を装填し、 該2個以上の栽培ベットの下方を囲繞させて防水性を備
えた外層シートを配して気層空間を形成すると共に、該
気層空間の一部で上記2個以上の栽培ベットの間に暖房
機及び/又は冷房機に連結した温風又は冷風を送るダク
トを配設し、 該ベッドの上方に培養液を滴下させる送液管を配設する
と共に、毛管現象にて培養液を拡散させる浸潤性シート
を培地上面及び/又は下面に敷設し、該ベットの下部に外層シート上で培養液が貯留する箇所
に向けて吸水布を垂下させた たことを特徴とするいちご
栽培装置。
2. An impervious root seal between two horizontally mounted arms.
Preparative to loading the media into the bet to form a cultivation bet slackened the U-shaped cross section at least two, the exterior sheet having waterproof by surrounding the lower of the two or more cultivation bets And a duct for feeding hot air or cold air connected to a heater and / or a cooler between the two or more cultivation beds in a part of the air space. A liquid supply pipe for dropping the culture solution is provided above the bed, and an infiltration sheet for diffusing the culture solution by capillary action is laid on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the medium, and an outer layer sheet is provided below the bed. Where the culture fluid accumulates
A strawberry cultivation apparatus characterized in that a water-absorbing cloth is hung toward the strawberry.
JP10102048A 1998-03-30 1998-03-30 Strawberry cultivation equipment Expired - Fee Related JP2998084B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10102048A JP2998084B2 (en) 1998-03-30 1998-03-30 Strawberry cultivation equipment

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10102048A JP2998084B2 (en) 1998-03-30 1998-03-30 Strawberry cultivation equipment

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP24397999A Division JP3841984B2 (en) 1999-08-30 1999-08-30 Strawberry cultivation equipment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11275953A JPH11275953A (en) 1999-10-12
JP2998084B2 true JP2998084B2 (en) 2000-01-11

Family

ID=14316893

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10102048A Expired - Fee Related JP2998084B2 (en) 1998-03-30 1998-03-30 Strawberry cultivation equipment

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2998084B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4719327B2 (en) * 1999-12-17 2011-07-06 みかど協和株式会社 Nutrient medium plant cultivation system
JP2002281832A (en) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-02 Jaht:Kk Method and apparatus for elevated cultivation
JP5430919B2 (en) * 2008-12-08 2014-03-05 地方独立行政法人大阪府立環境農林水産総合研究所 Plant cultivation equipment
JP5660558B2 (en) * 2008-12-24 2015-01-28 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Elevated cultivation device and method for constructing moisture permeable waterproof sheet in elevated cultivation device
JP4900735B2 (en) * 2009-03-27 2012-03-21 岩手県 Elevated cultivation apparatus and elevated cultivation method using the same
JP6391996B2 (en) * 2014-06-05 2018-09-19 三菱製紙株式会社 High culture medium holding sheet, high culture apparatus and high culture method
CN105706786A (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-06-29 李志刚 Four-season planting device and method for strawberries
CN108782063B (en) * 2018-06-26 2020-11-27 杨旭 Greenhouse cultivation method for summer squash in early spring stage

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5810445Y2 (en) * 1980-05-31 1983-02-25 小林 秀俊 Soil cover sheet using water-absorbing fabric
JP3028381B2 (en) * 1991-05-22 2000-04-04 有限会社今市農業サービス Plant cultivation container
JPH0675128U (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-25 株式会社誠和 Strawberry cultivation equipment
JPH08172949A (en) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-09 Green Syst:Kk Underground embedded mobile culture medium
JPH1037A (en) * 1996-04-15 1998-01-06 Shikoku Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk Device for plant culture

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