JP2980833B2 - Production method of neutral newsprint paper - Google Patents

Production method of neutral newsprint paper

Info

Publication number
JP2980833B2
JP2980833B2 JP7291660A JP29166095A JP2980833B2 JP 2980833 B2 JP2980833 B2 JP 2980833B2 JP 7291660 A JP7291660 A JP 7291660A JP 29166095 A JP29166095 A JP 29166095A JP 2980833 B2 JP2980833 B2 JP 2980833B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
paper
akd
newsprint
sizing agent
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP7291660A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH09111691A (en
Inventor
裕司 小野
孝則 宮西
至誠 後藤
信行 高橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Seishi KK
Original Assignee
Nippon Seishi KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Seishi KK filed Critical Nippon Seishi KK
Priority to JP7291660A priority Critical patent/JP2980833B2/en
Publication of JPH09111691A publication Critical patent/JPH09111691A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2980833B2 publication Critical patent/JP2980833B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は適切なサイズ度を有
する中性新聞紙用紙の製造方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing neutral newsprint paper having an appropriate size.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】新聞用紙の印刷方式はオフセット印刷が
主流になって来ており、それに伴い、湿し水による耐水
性が新聞用紙にとって重要な品質要求となって来てい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art Offset printing has become a mainstream printing method for newsprint, and accordingly, water resistance by dampening water has become an important quality requirement for newsprint.

【0003】一般的な耐水性の付与方法には、内添と外
添の二つの方法が存在する。中性抄紙に於けるサイズ剤
の内添方法の場合にはアルキルケテンダイマー(以下A
KDと称する)やアルケニル無水コハク酸などの反応性
サイズ剤が使用されているが、全てのサイズ剤が紙の中
に歩留る訳ではなく、歩留らなかったサイズ剤が白水中
で加水分解しデポジットを形成し、抄紙機やプレスロー
ルの汚れが問題になっている。また、中質紙の様な機械
パルプに由来するアニオントラッシュ量が多いグレード
では、サイズ剤を内添した場合にはカチオン性に乳化さ
れているAKDが繊維に定着しないで、アニオントラッ
シュに定着してしまうので、有効なサイズ度を発現する
のに必要なAKD量が比較的多くなったり、抄紙系内の
アニオントラッシュ量の変動によるサイズ度の変動が発
生する。更に、AKDサイズ剤を内添した場合にはサイ
ズ度を発現するのに時間が掛かり、オンマシンでサイズ
度が必要な場合には適切なサイズ度を付与することは出
来なかった。
[0003] There are two general methods of imparting water resistance: internal addition and external addition. In the case of a method for internally adding a sizing agent in neutral papermaking, alkyl ketene dimer (hereinafter referred to as A
Reactive sizing agents such as KD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride are used, but not all sizing agents can be retained in paper. It decomposes to form deposits, and stains on paper machines and press rolls have become a problem. Also, in grades with a large amount of anion trash derived from mechanical pulp such as medium-grade paper, when a sizing agent is added internally, the cationically emulsified AKD does not settle on the fibers but becomes fixed on the anion trash. Te want Unode, may become relatively large number AKD amount necessary to express the effective size of the variation of the size of due to variations in the anion trash amount in papermaking system are generated. Furthermore, when the AKD sizing agent is internally added, it takes time to develop the sizing degree, and when the sizing degree is required on-machine, it is not possible to provide an appropriate sizing degree.

【0004】新聞用紙の外添方法としては、高速塗工が
可能な被膜形成転写方式であるゲートロール塗工(以下
GRCと称する)が一般的である。しかし、表面サイズ
剤として知られているスチレン/マレイン酸共重合体、
スチレン/アクリル共重合体、オレフィン/マレイン酸
共重合体等のポリマーサイズ剤は、サイズプレスの様に
低濃度の塗工液で外添され、紙に浸漬した後に乾燥して
サイズ効果が発現する様に設計されているので、ゲート
ロールコーターに適用しても塗工液の紙層内部への浸透
性が低いために、ポリマーサイズ剤とパルプ繊維との結
合が不充分であり、サイズ効果が発現し難い。そこで、
AKDを外添する方法が開発されたが、一般的な新聞用
紙はpHが4.5〜5.5の酸性抄紙で抄造されているため、
紙面のpHも4.5〜5.5でありAKDが適切なサイズ度を
発現するのに必要なアルカリ度に達していないので、効
果的なサイズ度を付与するには、比較的多量のAKD系
サイズ剤を外添しなければならなかったり、サイズ度の
立上がりに時間が掛かるといった問題が存在した。従っ
て、比較的高濃度のAKD系サイズ剤の塗工液を必要と
するため、GRCでの操業中の泡の発生などの問題が発
生するので、塗工液中のAKDを比較的低濃度にし、比
較的低添加量のAKDで有効なサイズ度を発現するAK
D系サイズ剤の外添方法が望まれていた。
As a method of externally adding newsprint, a gate roll coating (hereinafter referred to as GRC), which is a film formation transfer system capable of high-speed coating, is generally used. However, a styrene / maleic acid copolymer known as a surface sizing agent,
Polymer sizing agents such as styrene / acrylic copolymers and olefin / maleic acid copolymers are externally added with a low-concentration coating liquid like a size press, immersed in paper and dried to produce a size effect. Is designed in such a way that even when applied to a gate roll coater, the permeability of the coating liquid into the paper layer is low, so the bond between the polymer sizing agent and the pulp fiber is insufficient, and the size effect is reduced. Difficult to develop. Therefore,
A method of externally adding AKD was developed, but since general newsprint is made with acidic paper having a pH of 4.5 to 5.5,
Since the pH of the paper surface is 4.5 to 5.5 and AKD does not reach the alkalinity required for developing an appropriate sizing degree, a relatively large amount of an AKD-based sizing agent needs to be added to impart an effective sizing degree. There were problems that it had to be added externally and that it took time to rise in size. Therefore, a relatively high concentration of the AKD sizing agent coating solution is required, which causes problems such as generation of bubbles during operation in the GRC. Therefore, the AKD in the coating solution is reduced to a relatively low concentration. AK expressing effective sizing degree with relatively low added amount of AKD
An external method of adding a D-based sizing agent has been desired.

【0005】一方、炭酸カルシウムを填料として使用し
た場合には、炭酸カルシウムの硬度がカオリンやタルク
等の酸性新聞用紙に一般に使用されている填料よりも高
いために、更に重炭酸カルシウム等を粉砕して製造され
た填料の場合は、その比較的粗い形状のために新聞用紙
表面の摩擦係数が高くなり、オフセット印刷時の印刷版
の摩耗が問題になっていた。
On the other hand, when calcium carbonate is used as a filler, the hardness of calcium carbonate is higher than that of fillers generally used for acidic newsprint such as kaolin and talc. In the case of a filler manufactured by the method described above, the coefficient of friction of the newsprint surface becomes high due to its relatively coarse shape, and abrasion of the printing plate during offset printing has been a problem.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、比較的低添
加量のAKD系サイズ剤を用い、有効なサイズ性を付与
、オフセット印刷に適する中性新聞用紙を提供す
ることを目的とするものである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention, using a relatively low amount of AKD-based sizing agent imparts an effective size of, providing a neutral newspaper paper sheets to be also suitable for offset printing It is the purpose.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は前記従来技術
の課題に鑑み、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、表面サイズ剤と
してアルキルケテンダイマー化合物を選択し、このサイ
ズ剤及びデンブンなどの紙面加工剤を、炭酸カルシウ
ムを填料として使用している中性新聞用紙にGRCで
工した後に表面温度50℃以上であるソフトカレンダー
に通紙することにより、酸性新聞紙にアルキルケテン
ダイマー化合物を塗した場合と比較して顕著なサイズ
発現効果があることを見出だした。本発明は斯かる新
たな知見に基づき完成されたものである。
The present inventors SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the problems of the prior art, the results of extensive studies, to select the alkyl ketene dimer compound as a surface sizing agent, a paper table surface, such as the sizing agent and message Apply a processing agent with GRC to neutral newsprint using calcium carbonate as a filler.
Soft calender with surface temperature of 50 ° C or higher after processing
By fed to, significant size compared to the case where the alkyl ketene dimer compound was coated acidified newspaper paper
It has been found that there is a sex expression effect. The present invention has been completed based on such new knowledge.

【0008】[0008]

【発明の実施の形態】即ち、本発明は、炭酸カルシウム
を填料に使用した中性新聞用紙を原紙として用い、ケテ
ンダイマー化合物をサイズ剤成分とし、紙表面加工剤と
共にGRCで外添した後に、表面温度が50℃以上であ
るソフトカレンダーに通紙することを特徴とする中性新
聞紙用紙の製造方法に係るものである。本発明では新聞
用紙の填料として炭酸カルシウムを用いる。炭酸カルシ
ウムの使用によりAKDのサイズ性に必要なアルカリ度
を充分に供給することが出来る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION That is, according to the present invention, a neutral newsprint using calcium carbonate as a filler is used as a base paper, a ketene dimer compound is used as a sizing component, and after externally added by GRC together with a paper surface treating agent , Surface temperature is 50 ° C or higher
The present invention relates to a method for producing neutral newsprint paper, wherein the paper is passed through a soft calender . In the present invention, calcium carbonate is used as a filler for newsprint. By using calcium carbonate, the alkalinity required for AKD sizing can be sufficiently supplied.

【0009】本発明では、新聞用紙の表面サイズ剤とし
てAKD系サイズ剤を用いる。このAKDとしては、一
般式(1): (式中、R1、R2は炭素数8〜30の飽和または不飽和の
炭化水素基を示す。)AKDは各種公知の乳化剤によっ
て、水性分散液として用いられている。AKDの水性分
散化法としては、従来公知の各種方法で行われる。
In the present invention, an AKD sizing agent is used as a surface sizing agent for newsprint. The AKD is represented by the general formula (1): (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms.) AKD is used as an aqueous dispersion by various known emulsifiers. The aqueous dispersion of AKD is carried out by various known methods.

【0010】紙表面加工剤としては、通常の紙加工に使
用されている各種公知のものが挙げられる。例えば、デ
ンプン、酸化デンプン、エステル化デンプン、エーテル
デンプン、カチオン化デンプン、酵素変成の何れ
変成デンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキ
シエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース等のセルロース
誘導体、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシル変成ポリ
ビニルアルコール、アセトアセチル化ポリビニルアルコ
ール等の変成アルコール、スチレンブタジエン共重合
体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合
体、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアクリ
ル酸エステル、ポリアクリルアミド等から選ばれ、接着
剤を含む水溶液、または水性ラテックスの状態で塗
れる。これ等の紙表面加工剤は、表面強度の向上、紙粉
防止などの目的で使用される。更に、表面温度が50℃
以上であるソフトカレンダー装置でクリヤーサイズ表面
を処理することにより、サイズ度を効果的に発現させる
ことが出来る
Examples of the paper surface treating agent include various known agents used in ordinary paper processing. For example, starch, oxidized starch, esterified starch, etherified starch, cationized starch, either modified starch enzyme-modified, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyl modified polyvinyl alcohol, acetoacetyl Modified alcohol such as polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, etc. aqueous solution containing or coating of <br/> be in the form of an aqueous latex. These paper surface treating agents are used for the purpose of improving surface strength and preventing paper dust. Further, the front surface temperature of 50 ° C.
By treating the clear size surface with the soft calender described above , the sizing degree can be effectively developed .

【0011】[0011]

【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明
するが、本発明はこれ等の実施例に限定されるものでは
ない。なお、各例中の%は重量%を表す。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition,% in each example represents weight%.

【0012】実施例1 SGP5部、CTMP10部、TMP15部、DIP60部及
びNBKP10部から成るパルプ組成100部(何れも乾燥
パルプ重量)をプロポミキサーで混合し、硫酸アルミニ
ウムを0.7部プロポミキサーで添加し、マシンチェスト
で染料を添加し、二次ファンポンプ直前にて炭酸カルシ
ウムを10部添加し、坪量48g/m2、厚さ74μm、灰分5
%の紙支持体を製造した。一方、酸化デンプン(日本コ
ーンスターチ社製、商品名SK20)を蒸煮したものを9.
0%濃度に、更にAKD系サイズ剤を0.9%濃度に調整し
クリヤーサイズ溶液を作成し、ゲートロールコーターを
用いて、両面の塗量が0.27g/m2になる様に塗
た。この中性新聞用紙を、ニップ圧90kg/cm 2 、温度53
℃、通紙速度800m/minの条件でソフトカレンダー処理
した。塗工量点滴吸水度を表1に示す。
Example 1 100 parts of a pulp composition composed of 5 parts of SGP, 10 parts of CTMP, 15 parts of TMP, 60 parts of DIP and 10 parts of NBKP (all dry pulp weights) were mixed with a propomixer, and 0.7 parts of aluminum sulfate was added with a propomixer. The dye was added with a machine chest, 10 parts of calcium carbonate was added just before the secondary fan pump, the basis weight was 48 g / m 2 , the thickness was 74 μm, and the ash content was 5
% Paper support was produced. On the other hand, steamed oxidized starch (product name: SK20, manufactured by Nippon Cornstarch Co., Ltd.) was added to 9.
0% concentration, further AKD-based sizing agent to create the adjusted clear size solution in 0.9% strength by using a gate roll coater, was coated so as to the coating amount of both surfaces becomes 0.27 g / m 2 < br /> This neutral newsprint is treated with a nip pressure of 90 kg / cm 2 and a temperature of 53.
Soft calendering at ℃, 800m / min
did. Table 1 shows the coating amount and the drip water absorption.

【0013】比較例1 実施例1のソフトカレンダー処理を施さない中性新聞用
紙の塗工量と点滴吸水 度を表1に示す。
Comparative Example 1 For a neutral newspaper not subjected to the soft calender treatment of Example 1
Table 1 shows the coating amount of the paper and the drop water absorption .

【0014】比較例2 SGP5部、CTMP10部、TMP15部、DIP60部及
びNBKP10部から成るパルプ組成100部(何れも乾燥
パルプ重量)をプロポミキサーで混合し、硫酸アルミニ
ウムを0.7部プロポミキサーで添加し、マシンチェスト
で染料を添加し、二次ファンポンプ直前にて炭酸カルシ
ウムを10部添加し、坪量48g/m 2 、厚さ74μm、灰分5
%の紙支持体を製造した。この紙支持体を、ニップ圧90
kg/cm 2 、温度53℃、通紙速度800m/minの条件でソフ
トカレンダー処理した。塗工量と点滴吸水度を表1に示
す。
Comparative Example 2 5 parts of SGP, 10 parts of CTMP, 15 parts of TMP, 60 parts of DIP
100 parts of pulp composition consisting of 10 parts of NBKP and 10 parts of NBKP
Pulp weight) with a propomixer.
Um with 0.7 parts propo mixer, machine chest
Add the dye and add carbonated carbonate immediately before the secondary fan pump.
10 parts by weight, a basis weight of 48 g / m 2 , a thickness of 74 μm, and an ash content of 5
% Paper support was produced. With this paper support, nip pressure 90
kg / cm 2 , temperature 53 ° C, paper passing speed 800m / min.
Tender calendar processing. Table 1 shows the coating amount and drip water absorption.
You.

【0015】比較例3 比較例2と同じ紙支持体に、酸化デンプン(日本コーン
スターチ(株)社製、商品名SK20)を蒸煮したものを9.
0%濃度に調整しクリヤーサイズ溶液を作成し、ゲート
ロールコーターを用いて塗工し、ニップ圧90kg/cm 2
温度53℃、通紙速度800m/minの条件でソフトカレンダ
ー処理した。塗工量と点滴吸水度を表1に示す。
Comparative Example 3 On the same paper support as Comparative Example 2, oxidized starch (Nippon Corn) was used.
Steamed version of Starch Co., Ltd., trade name SK20) 9.
Adjust the concentration to 0% to create a clear size solution, and gate
Coating using a roll coater, nip pressure 90 kg / cm 2 ,
Soft calendar at a temperature of 53 ° C and a paper passing speed of 800m / min
-Processed. Table 1 shows the coating amount and the drip water absorption.

【0016】表1 Table 1

【0017】この結果から判る様に、AKD系サイズ剤
を塗工した後に、ソフトカレンダー処理を行った実施例
1は、カレンダー処理を行わない比較例1、及び非塗工
品である比較例2、酸化デンプン塗工品である比較例3
に比べ非常に高いサイズ性を示すことが判る。
As can be seen from the results, the AKD sizing agent
Example of soft calendering after coating
1 is a comparative example 1 which does not perform a calendar process, and non-coating
Comparative Example 2 which is a product and Comparative Example 3 which is an oxidized starch-coated product
It can be seen that they exhibit a very high size property as compared with.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】炭酸カルシウムを填料として使用した中According to the invention, calcium carbonate is used as a filler.
性新聞用紙を原紙として用い、AKDを表面サイズ剤とAKD is used as a surface sizing agent, using a conductive newsprint as the base paper.
して選択し、デンプンなどの紙表面加工剤と共にGRCGRC with paper surface finish such as starch
で外添した後に、表面温度が50℃以上であるソフトカAfter the external addition in the
レンダーに通紙することによりクリヤーサイズ溶液に由By passing the paper through the render,
来するGRC回りの泡の発生を最小限に抑え、比較的低Incoming foam around the GRC is minimized and relatively low
添加量のAKD系サイズ剤を用いて新聞用紙に有効なサEffective amount of AKD-based sizing agent for newsprint
イズ性を発現させることが出来る。It is possible to express the noise property.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 高橋 信行 東京都北区王子5−21−1 日本製紙株 式会社 中央研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 平7−119078(JP,A) 特開 平4−257394(JP,A) 特開 平2−169798(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) D21H 17/00 - 19/84 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Nobuyuki Takahashi 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. Central Research Laboratory (56) References JP-A 7-119078 (JP, A) JP-A JP-A-4-257394 (JP, A) JP-A-2-169798 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) D21H 17/00-19/84

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 炭酸カルシウムを填料として使用してい
る中性新聞用紙にケテンダイマー系サイズ剤及び紙表面
加工剤をゲートロールコーターで外添した後、表面温度
が50℃以上であるソフトカレンダーに通紙することに
よりサイズ度を発現させる中性新聞紙用紙の製造方法。
1. A ketene dimer sizing agent and a paper surface for neutral newsprint using calcium carbonate as a filler.
After externally adding a processing agent with a gate roll coater , the surface temperature
Is passed through a soft calendar with a temperature of 50 ° C or higher.
A method for producing neutral newsprint paper that develops a greater degree of size .
JP7291660A 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 Production method of neutral newsprint paper Expired - Fee Related JP2980833B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7291660A JP2980833B2 (en) 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 Production method of neutral newsprint paper

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7291660A JP2980833B2 (en) 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 Production method of neutral newsprint paper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09111691A JPH09111691A (en) 1997-04-28
JP2980833B2 true JP2980833B2 (en) 1999-11-22

Family

ID=17771812

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP7291660A Expired - Fee Related JP2980833B2 (en) 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 Production method of neutral newsprint paper

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2980833B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4821045B2 (en) * 2000-11-27 2011-11-24 日本製紙株式会社 Newspaper for offset printing
JPWO2005003457A1 (en) 2003-07-07 2006-08-17 日本製紙株式会社 Newspaper sized with a cationic surface sizing agent
JP7330786B2 (en) * 2019-07-05 2023-08-22 川崎重工業株式会社 Method for operating pulverization system and method for producing powder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09111691A (en) 1997-04-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2002302892A (en) Sizing agent containing 2-oxetanone sizing agent
JP4600864B2 (en) Coated paper for web offset printing
JP2004250844A (en) Newsprint
JP2003113592A (en) Newsprint for offset printing
JP2980833B2 (en) Production method of neutral newsprint paper
JP6248567B2 (en) Cast coated base paper and cast coated paper for process paper substrate
JP4381385B2 (en) Newsprint paper for offset printing
JPH06248246A (en) Preparation of starch paste solution
JP5955602B2 (en) Newspaper and its manufacturing method
JPH07258997A (en) Production of coated paper
JP5246536B2 (en) Printing paper manufacturing method and printing paper
JP2010031390A (en) Printing paper
JP3205971B2 (en) Neutral paper manufacturing method
JP3005076B2 (en) Transfer paper for electrophotography
JP3829745B2 (en) Method for producing offset printing paper
JP6231834B2 (en) Method for producing uncoated paper for offset printing
JP6793909B2 (en) Manufacturing method of coated printing paper and coated printing paper
JP4093122B2 (en) Coated paper for web offset printing
JP3985150B2 (en) Coated paper for web offset printing
JP3702674B2 (en) Electrophotographic coated paper and method for producing the same
JP2024034577A (en) coated paper for printing
JPH07214892A (en) Transfer sheet
JP5048024B2 (en) Newspaper for offset printing
JP2005179812A (en) Newspaper printing paper
JP2009001938A (en) Method for producing coated paper

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080917

Year of fee payment: 9

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090917

Year of fee payment: 10

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090917

Year of fee payment: 10

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100917

Year of fee payment: 11

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100917

Year of fee payment: 11

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110917

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120917

Year of fee payment: 13

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130917

Year of fee payment: 14

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130917

Year of fee payment: 14

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140917

Year of fee payment: 15

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees