JP2977276B2 - Gear abnormality diagnosis device - Google Patents
Gear abnormality diagnosis deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2977276B2 JP2977276B2 JP2337561A JP33756190A JP2977276B2 JP 2977276 B2 JP2977276 B2 JP 2977276B2 JP 2337561 A JP2337561 A JP 2337561A JP 33756190 A JP33756190 A JP 33756190A JP 2977276 B2 JP2977276 B2 JP 2977276B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- gear
- power value
- rotation
- detecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
この発明は、歯車の異常診断装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a gear abnormality diagnosis device.
従来、歯車の異常診断装置としては、歯車からのAE
（アコスティックエミション）をAEセンサで検出し、こ
のAEセンサからのAE信号を周波数解析手段で周波数解析
して、歯車の回転周波数に同期した回転周波数を有する
AE信号を抽出し、このAE信号と基準値とを比較手段で比
較して、このAE信号のレベルが基準値を越えた場合に異
常と診断するようにしたものがある。Conventionally, gear abnormality diagnosis devices have used AE from gears.
(Acoustic emission) is detected by the AE sensor, and the AE signal from this AE sensor is subjected to frequency analysis by the frequency analysis means, and has a rotation frequency synchronized with the rotation frequency of the gear.
Some AE signals are extracted, and the AE signal is compared with a reference value by a comparing means, and when the level of the AE signal exceeds the reference value, it is diagnosed as abnormal.
しかしながら、上記従来の歯車の異常診断装置では、
周波数解析したAE信号のレベルが基準値より大きい場合
に異常があると判断するに過ぎないため、単に傷の有無
しか判断できないという問題があった。ところで、歯車
においては、歯が互いにこすり合うため、例えば平歯車
の場合には、傷は回転方向に細長く延びることになる。
この傷の長さを検出する必要があるが、従来の歯車の診
断装置においては傷の長さを検出することができないと
いう問題があった。 そこで、この発明の目的は歯車の回転方向に沿った傷
の長さを検出することができる歯車の異常診断装置を提
供することにある。However, in the above-described conventional gear abnormality diagnosis apparatus,
When the level of the frequency-analyzed AE signal is higher than the reference value, it is only determined that there is an abnormality. By the way, in a gear, since teeth rub against each other, in the case of a spur gear, for example, a flaw is elongated in the rotation direction.
Although it is necessary to detect the length of the flaw, there is a problem that the length of the flaw cannot be detected in the conventional gear diagnosis device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a gear abnormality diagnosis device capable of detecting the length of a flaw along the rotation direction of a gear.
上記目的を達成するため、この発明の歯車の異常診断
装置は、歯車からのAEを検出するAEセンサと、上記歯車
の回転周波数を検出する回転周波数検出手段と、上記AE
センサからのAE信号を周波数解析して、周波数に対する
パワー値を求める周波数解析手段と、上記周波数解析手
段で求めたパワー値としきい値とを比較する比較手段
と、上記比較手段の出力に基づき、上記パワー値がしき
い値を越えている周波数帯域を検出する帯域検出手段
と、上記帯域検出手段で求めた周波数帯域と、上記回転
周波数検出手段で求めた回転周波数とに基づいて傷長さ
の割合を算出する傷割合算出手段とを備えたことを特徴
としている。To achieve the above object, a gear abnormality diagnosis device of the present invention includes an AE sensor that detects AE from a gear, a rotation frequency detection unit that detects a rotation frequency of the gear, and an AE sensor.
Frequency analysis of the AE signal from the sensor, frequency analysis means for obtaining a power value for the frequency, comparison means for comparing the power value and the threshold value obtained by the frequency analysis means, based on the output of the comparison means, A band detecting means for detecting a frequency band in which the power value exceeds the threshold value, a frequency band obtained by the band detecting means, and a flaw length based on the rotational frequency obtained by the rotational frequency detecting means. And a scratch ratio calculating means for calculating the ratio.
歯車からのAEはAEセンサによって検出される。また、
上記歯車の回転周波数は回転周波数検出手段によって検
出される。そして周波数解析手段はAEセンサからのAE信
号を周波数解析して、周波数に対するパワー値を算出す
る。上記比較手段は周波数解析手段で求めたパワー値と
しきい値とを比較する。上記帯域検出手段は比較手段の
出力に基づき、パワー値がしきい値を越えた周波数帯域
を算出する。このパワー値がしきい値を越える周波数帯
域は、回転周波数検出手段により検出した回転周波数の
両側に広がる領域となる。傷割合算出手段は先に求めた
回転周波数と周波数帯域とに基づいて、傷割合を算出す
る。これにより歯車の回転方向における傷の長さのピッ
チ円に対する割合が算出される。AE from the gear is detected by the AE sensor. Also,
The rotation frequency of the gear is detected by rotation frequency detection means. Then, the frequency analyzing means analyzes the frequency of the AE signal from the AE sensor and calculates a power value for the frequency. The comparing means compares the power value obtained by the frequency analyzing means with a threshold value. The band detecting means calculates a frequency band in which the power value exceeds a threshold based on the output of the comparing means. The frequency band in which the power value exceeds the threshold value is an area extending on both sides of the rotation frequency detected by the rotation frequency detection means. The flaw ratio calculation means calculates the flaw ratio based on the rotational frequency and the frequency band previously obtained. Thus, the ratio of the length of the flaw to the pitch circle in the rotation direction of the gear is calculated.
以下、この発明を図示の実施例により詳細に説明す
る。 第１図に示すように、歯車からのAEはAEセンサ１によ
って検出され、AEセンサから出力されたAE信号はプリア
ンプ２によって増幅され、フィルタ３によって高周波の
雑音等が除去される。フィルタ３から出力された信号は
メインアンプ４で増幅される。このメインアンプ４から
出力された信号はトリガ回路５に入力され、トリガ回路
５においてメインアンプ４から出力されたAE信号と予め
定められた基準値とを比較し、このAE信号が予め定めら
れた基準値を越えた場合にFFT回路（高速フーリエ変換
回路）６にトリガ信号を出力する。上記FFT回路６はト
リガ回路５からトリガ信号を受けると一定期間の間メイ
ンアンプ４から出力されたAE信号を高速フーリエ変換し
て、CPU8に出力する。上記CPU8には歯車の回転検出回路
７からの回転信号が入力される。上記CPU8は上記回転信
号とFFT回路６からの周波数解析された周波数に対する
パワー値のディジタル信号とに基づいて、第２図のフロ
ーチャートに示す処理を行なう。以下、第２図に従って
説明する。 上記CPU8には異常判定のしきい値Ｌおよび歯車のピッ
チ円径ｄが予め初期設定されている（S1,S2）。そし
て、CPU8に歯車の回転数を表わす信号が回転検出回路７
から取り込まれ、また周波数解析したデータがFFT回路
６から取り込まれ（S3）、歯車の回転周波数frが算出さ
れる（S4）。この歯車の回転周期をＴとすると回転周波
数fr＝1/Tと表わされる（第４図参照）。そして回転周
波数近傍の帯域における突出パワー値Pfrを算出する（S
5）。次いで、この突出パワー値Pfrとしきい値Ｌとを比
較する（S6）。突出パワー値Pfrがしきい値Ｌよりも小
さい場合には正常表示を行なう（S7）。一方、突出パワ
ー値Pfrがしきい値Ｌよりも大きくなった場合には、回
転周波数frの位置における突出パワー値Pfrがしきい値
Ｌを越える周波数帯域△ｆを算出する（S8）。次いで、
この周波数帯域△ｆと回転周波数frに基づいて、円周方
向の傷長さ割合ｋを第４図の下段に示す式により算出す
る（S9）。 第４図は周波数帯域△ｆと回転周波数frにより傷長さ
の割合ｋを算出する式の根拠を説明する図である。第４
図において、Ｔは歯車の一回転の周期であり、ｋは周期
Ｔに対して損傷が生じている割合を示す数である。い
ま、A1からA2までの間が一回転の周期Ｔを示し、B1から
B2の間も一回転の周期Ｔを表わしている。そして、A1か
らB1の間に損傷が有り、A2からB2の間に損傷があるとす
る。そうすると、異常を検出する平均的周期はA1からA2
の間の周期にある。そして、異常を検出する最も短い周
期はB1の時点でAEセンサが異常を表わす信号受けてか
ら、次にA2の時点で異常を表わす信号を受ける場合であ
る。また、異常を検出する最も長い周期は、A1の時点で
異常を表わす信号を受けてからB2の時点で異常を表わす
信号を受ける場合である。この各々の場合の周波数を第
４図の下段の式で示すと、A1とA2の間の周期Ｔを持つ周
波数はfr、B1からA2の間の周期Ｔ（１−ｋ）を持つ周波
数はfr/（１−ｋ）、A1からB2の間の周期Ｔ（１＋ｋ）
を持つ周波数はfr/（１＋ｋ）である。したがって、最
小周波数fr/（１＋ｋ）と最大周波数fr/（１−ｋ）との
間の巾、すなわち周波数帯域△ｆは、△ｆ＝fr/（１−
ｋ）−fr/（１＋ｋ）＝fr・2k/（１−k2）となる。した
がって、ｋは第４図の下段の式で示される。したがっ
て、この歯車のピッチ円の直径をｄとするならば、この
円周方向の傷長さ割合ｋ×円周πｄを算出することによ
って、その歯車の回転方向の傷長さが算出される（S1
0）。次いで、表示回路９にこの傷長さｋ×πｄを表わ
す信号を出力して、傷長さを表示する（S11）。 なお、はすば歯車のように歯が斜め方向になっている
場合には、その歯のねじり角をθとすると、このステッ
プS10で求めた傷長さをsinθで割ると、その実際の傷長
さが算出される。 このように、この実施例では、突出パワー値Pfrの大
小によって、異常の有無を判断することに加えて、傷の
回転方向の長さを算出できるので、精度高く歯車の異常
を診断することができる。 なお、上記実施例では周波数帯域△ｆ、すなわち突出
周波数における帯域巾△ｆを算出する際に、異常の有無
を判断するための一つのしきい値Ｌを、突出パワー値Pf
rが越えたときの比較手段の出力により算出したが、異
常の有無を判断するための突出パワー値Pfrの大小を比
較するためのしきい値と、その突出パワー値Pfrの帯域
巾△ｆを算出するためのしきい値とを別にし、異常の有
無を判別するためのしきい値のレベルを高く、突出パワ
ー値の帯域巾を検出するためのしきい値レベルを低くし
てもよい。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, AE from a gear is detected by an AE sensor 1, an AE signal output from the AE sensor is amplified by a preamplifier 2, and high frequency noise and the like are removed by a filter 3. The signal output from the filter 3 is amplified by the main amplifier 4. The signal output from the main amplifier 4 is input to the trigger circuit 5, and the trigger circuit 5 compares the AE signal output from the main amplifier 4 with a predetermined reference value. When the reference value is exceeded, a trigger signal is output to the FFT circuit (fast Fourier transform circuit) 6. Upon receiving the trigger signal from the trigger circuit 5, the FFT circuit 6 performs a fast Fourier transform on the AE signal output from the main amplifier 4 for a certain period, and outputs it to the CPU 8. The CPU 8 receives a rotation signal from a gear rotation detection circuit 7. The CPU 8 performs the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 2 based on the rotation signal and the digital signal of the power value for the frequency analyzed frequency from the FFT circuit 6. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG. In the CPU 8, the threshold value L for abnormality determination and the pitch circle diameter d of the gear are preset in advance (S1, S2). A signal indicating the number of rotations of the gear is sent to the CPU 8 by the rotation detection circuit 7.
And the frequency-analyzed data is fetched from the FFT circuit 6 (S3), and the rotational frequency fr of the gear is calculated (S4). Assuming that the rotation period of the gear is T, the rotation frequency is expressed as fr = 1 / T (see FIG. 4). Then, the protruding power value Pfr in the band near the rotation frequency is calculated (S
Five). Next, the protruding power value Pfr is compared with the threshold value L (S6). When the protruding power value Pfr is smaller than the threshold value L, normal display is performed (S7). On the other hand, if the protruding power value Pfr becomes larger than the threshold value L, a frequency band Δf where the protruding power value Pfr at the position of the rotation frequency fr exceeds the threshold value L is calculated (S8). Then
Based on the frequency band Δf and the rotation frequency fr, the circumferential length ratio k of the circumferential direction is calculated by the formula shown in the lower part of FIG. 4 (S9). FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the basis of the formula for calculating the ratio k of the flaw length based on the frequency band Δf and the rotation frequency fr. 4th
In the figure, T is the period of one rotation of the gear, and k is a number indicating the ratio of damage to the period T. Now, the period from A1 to A2 indicates the cycle T of one rotation, and from B1
The period T of one rotation is also shown during B2. Assume that there is damage between A1 and B1 and there is damage between A2 and B2. Then, the average period for detecting abnormalities is from A1 to A2
In the period between. The shortest period for detecting an abnormality is a case where the AE sensor receives a signal indicating an abnormality at the time point B1, and then receives a signal indicating an abnormality at the time point A2. The longest period for detecting an abnormality is a case where a signal indicating an abnormality is received at a time point A1 and then a signal indicating an abnormality is received at a time point B2. The frequency in each case is shown by the lower equation in FIG. 4. The frequency having the period T between A1 and A2 is fr, and the frequency having the period T (1-k) between B1 and A2 is fr. / (1-k), period T (1 + k) between A1 and B2
Is fr / (1 + k). Therefore, the width between the minimum frequency fr / (1 + k) and the maximum frequency fr / (1-k), that is, the frequency band Δf is given by Δf = fr / (1−k).
k) −fr / (1 + k) = fr · 2k / (1−k 2 ). Therefore, k is given by the lower equation in FIG. Therefore, if the diameter of the pitch circle of the gear is d, the flaw length in the rotational direction of the gear is calculated by calculating the circumferential length k of the circumferential length k × circumference πd ( S1
0). Next, a signal representing the flaw length k × πd is output to the display circuit 9 to display the flaw length (S11). If the teeth are oblique as in the case of a helical gear, and the torsion angle of the teeth is θ, dividing the flaw length obtained in step S10 by sinθ gives the actual flaw. The length is calculated. As described above, in this embodiment, in addition to judging the presence or absence of an abnormality based on the magnitude of the protruding power value Pfr, the length of the flaw in the rotational direction can be calculated. it can. In the above embodiment, when calculating the frequency band Δf, that is, the bandwidth Δf at the protruding frequency, one threshold L for judging the presence or absence of an abnormality is set to the protruding power value Pf
Calculated from the output of the comparing means when r exceeds, a threshold for comparing the magnitude of the protruding power value Pfr for judging the presence or absence of abnormality and a bandwidth Δf of the protruding power value Pfr are calculated. Apart from the threshold for calculation, the level of the threshold for judging the presence or absence of abnormality may be set high, and the threshold level for detecting the bandwidth of the protruding power value may be set low.
以上より明らかなように、この発明によれば、AE信号
を周波数解析手段によって周波数解析し、この周波数解
析手段により求めたパワー値としきい値とを比較手段で
比較し、この比較手段の出力に基づいてパワー値がしき
い値を越えた周波数帯域を求めて、この周波数帯域と回
転周波数検出手段で求めた回転周波数とに基づいて、傷
長さの割合を傷割合算出手段で算出しているので、歯車
の回転方向における傷長さの割合を求めることができ、
傷の大きさを正確に診断することができる。As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, the frequency of the AE signal is analyzed by the frequency analysis unit, the power value obtained by the frequency analysis unit is compared with the threshold value by the comparison unit, and the output of the comparison unit is A frequency band in which the power value exceeds the threshold value is calculated based on the frequency band, and the flaw length ratio is calculated by the flaw ratio calculation unit based on the frequency band and the rotation frequency obtained by the rotation frequency detection unit. Therefore, the ratio of the flaw length in the rotation direction of the gear can be obtained,
The size of the wound can be accurately diagnosed.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例の歯車の異常診断装置のブ
ロック図、第２図は上記実施例におけるCPUによって行
なわれる処理を示すフローチャート、第３図は周波数と
パワー値の関係を示す線図、第４図はこの発明の傷割合
の長さを算出するための原理を説明する図である。 １……AEセンサ、５……トリガ回路、６……FFT回路、
７……回転検出回路、８……CPU、９……表示回路。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for diagnosing abnormality of a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing performed by a CPU in the above embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a line showing the relationship between frequency and power value. FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the principle for calculating the length of the flaw ratio according to the present invention. 1… AE sensor, 5… Trigger circuit, 6… FFT circuit,
7: rotation detection circuit, 8: CPU, 9: display circuit.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) G01M 13/02 G01N 29/14 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) G01M 13/02 G01N 29/14
Claims (1)
と、 上記AEセンサからのAE信号を周波数解析して、周波数に
対するパワー値を求める周波数解析手段と、 上記周波数解析手段で求めたパワー値としきい値とを比
較する比較手段と、 上記比較手段の出力に基づき、上記パワー値がしきい値
を越えている周波数帯域を検出する帯域検出手段と、 上記帯域検出手段で求めた周波数帯域と、上記回転周波
数検出手段で求めた回転周波数とに基づいて傷長さの割
合を算出する傷割合算出手段とを備えたことを特徴とす
る歯車の異常診断装置。1. An AE sensor for detecting AE from a gear, a rotation frequency detecting means for detecting a rotation frequency of the gear, and a frequency for analyzing an AE signal from the AE sensor to obtain a power value for the frequency. Analyzing means; comparing means for comparing the power value obtained by the frequency analyzing means with a threshold; and band detection for detecting a frequency band in which the power value exceeds the threshold based on the output of the comparing means. Means, a frequency band obtained by the band detecting means, and a flaw ratio calculating means for calculating a flaw length ratio based on the rotational frequency obtained by the rotational frequency detecting means. Abnormality diagnosis device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2337561A JP2977276B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Gear abnormality diagnosis device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2337561A JP2977276B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Gear abnormality diagnosis device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04204230A JPH04204230A (en) | 1992-07-24 |
| JP2977276B2 true JP2977276B2 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
Family
ID=18309803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2337561A Expired - Fee Related JP2977276B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Gear abnormality diagnosis device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2977276B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100411057B1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-12-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for detecting gear state by using frequency demodulation method |
| JP5505806B2 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2014-05-28 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Discrimination method of reflection echo |
| CN104792522B (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-05-17 | 北京工业大学 | Intelligent gear defect analysis method based on fractional wavelet transform and BP neutral network |
-
1990
- 1990-11-30 JP JP2337561A patent/JP2977276B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04204230A (en) | 1992-07-24 |
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