JP2974699B2 - How to form an image on a plate cylinder - Google Patents
How to form an image on a plate cylinderInfo
- Publication number
- JP2974699B2 JP2974699B2 JP1288974A JP28897489A JP2974699B2 JP 2974699 B2 JP2974699 B2 JP 2974699B2 JP 1288974 A JP1288974 A JP 1288974A JP 28897489 A JP28897489 A JP 28897489A JP 2974699 B2 JP2974699 B2 JP 2974699B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plate cylinder
- image
- cylinder
- transferred
- transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
- B41C1/1091—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by physical transfer from a donor sheet having an uniform coating of lithographic material using thermal means as provided by a thermal head or a laser; by mechanical pressure, e.g. from a typewriter by electrical recording ribbon therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
- B41C1/1075—Mechanical aspects of on-press plate preparation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2227/00—Mounting or handling printing plates; Forming printing surfaces in situ
- B41P2227/70—Forming the printing surface directly on the form cylinder
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、版胴に印像を形成する方法であって、輪転
式オフセツト印刷機内で、熱転写法に則って作動する印
像点伝達ユニットにより、版胴表面の部分上に、印像に
適合しインキ着けされる被転写物質の着肉を行う形式の
ものに関する。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming an image on a plate cylinder, comprising an image point transmission unit which operates in a rotary offset printing press according to a thermal transfer method. The present invention relates to a method of depositing a transfer material to be inked and adapted to an image on a portion of a plate cylinder surface.
従来の技術 このような方法を実行するオフセツト印刷機が、DE−
PS第3248178号明細書に公開されている。この方法にあ
つては、被転写物質部分が、例えばサーモ押圧ヘツドと
して形成されて電子的に制御されている印像点伝達ユニ
ツトにより、デジタルな印像情報に対応して、連続的に
積層された熱転写シートから脱離し、版胴上に直接伝達
されている。2. Description of the Related Art Offset printing presses that perform such a method are known as DE-printers.
It is disclosed in the specification of PS No. 3248178. In this method, the material to be transferred is continuously laminated in accordance with digital image information by means of an electronically controlled image point transmitting unit formed, for example, as a thermo-pressing head. From the thermal transfer sheet and transferred directly onto the plate cylinder.
サーモ押圧ヘッド装置−熱転写シート−版胴の経路に
おいては、間隔の変動及び接触の変動が生じることがあ
る。それは、サーモ押圧ヘツドのピン電極又は加熱部材
と版胴の表面とが、共に剛性で非弾性的に構成されてい
る場合である。関与する部材に形状変位が発生すればそ
れがどんなに小さなものであつても、これが有効な押圧
力と熱伝達とに悪影響を与えることになり、ひいては不
均一に伝達された印像又は劣悪に固着した印像部として
表われることになる。In the path between the thermo-pressing head device, the thermal transfer sheet, and the plate cylinder, a variation in the interval and a variation in the contact may occur. That is, the pin electrode or the heating member of the thermo-pressing head and the surface of the plate cylinder are both rigid and inelastic. No matter how small the displacement of the members involved, no matter how small they can have an adverse effect on the effective pressing force and heat transfer, and thus improperly transferred imprints or poor sticking It will appear as a printed image portion.
発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明の課題は、前述の欠点を除去すると共に、製作
公差が比較的大きくても、被転写物質の伝達に関与する
部材に、均一な伝達を保障することができるような方法
を提供することにある。The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to ensure uniform transmission to members involved in the transfer of the material to be transferred, even if the manufacturing tolerance is relatively large. It is to provide such a method.
課題を解決するための手段 上記課題は、被転写物質の着肉を少くとも補助的に軟
かい表面上で行うことにより解決することができた。Means for Solving the Problems The above-mentioned problems can be solved by at least assisting the deposition of the substance to be transferred on a soft surface.
発明の効果 上記の特徴は実施態様として、１方では印象点伝達ユ
ニツトと、軟かい表面を有する版胴とを、直接的に協働
せしめており、他方では軟かい表面−例えばオフセツト
印刷機のゴムブランケツト胴のような−を備えた別の胴
の中間接続を行い、そこから第２の転写ステツプで版胴
上に伝達を行つている。Advantages of the invention The above-described features, as an embodiment, make the impression point transmitting unit and the plate cylinder having a soft surface directly cooperate on the one hand, and on the other hand the soft surface-for example of an offset printing press. An intermediate connection of another cylinder with a-such as a rubber blanket cylinder is made, from which the transfer takes place on the plate cylinder in a second transfer step.
軟かい表面には圧縮性があるため、直線性の変動は、
印像線に沿つてこれを有効に補正することができる。こ
のため関与する部材には、かなり大きな公差が許容され
る。従つて製作費を著しく減少せしめることができる。Because the soft surface is compressible, the linearity variation is
This can be effectively corrected along the image line. For this reason, considerable tolerances are allowed for the members involved. Thus, the production costs can be significantly reduced.
実施例 本発明の実施例を図面に示し、次にこれを詳しく説明
する。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention is shown in the drawings, and will be described in detail below.
第１図はウエブ輪転式オフセツト印刷機の３本胴型印
刷設備の概略図である。印刷工程の際、被印刷ウェブ３
は圧胴１とゴムブランケツト胴２との間を貫通してい
る。ゴムブランケツト胴２は、版胴４の表面に形成され
るインキ着け可能な印像（版）のための、伝達胴として
使用されている。版胴４は、有利には親水性の特性を備
えた、弾性的な表面を有している。このような表面のた
めの材料としては、例えばアクリルエステルゴム、ニト
リルゴム又は変成ポリ塩化ビニル（PVC）が適合してい
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-cylinder printing machine of a web rotary offset printing press. In the printing process, the printing web 3
Penetrates between the impression cylinder 1 and the rubber blanket cylinder 2. The rubber blanket cylinder 2 is used as a transmission cylinder for inking prints (plates) formed on the surface of the plate cylinder 4. The plate cylinder 4 has an elastic surface, advantageously with hydrophilic properties. Suitable materials for such surfaces are, for example, acrylic ester rubber, nitrile rubber or modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
版胴の表面上に印像を作り出すために、印像点伝達ユ
ニツト５が設けられており、該ユニツト５は、加熱可能
な多数の加熱部材６又はピン電極を備えたサーモ押圧ヘ
ツド７、このサーモ押圧ヘツド７を版胴４の母線に対し
て平行に案内する案内条片８及び制御ユニット９から組
み立てられている。制御ユニット９は、信号導線10を介
して案内条片８に沿ってスライド可能なサーモ押圧ヘッ
ド７に接続されており、また別の信号導線11を介して有
利には電子的な印像記憶装置12に接続されている。In order to produce an image on the surface of the plate cylinder, an image transfer unit 5 is provided, which comprises a plurality of heatable heating members 6 or thermo-pressing heads 7 with pin electrodes, which are provided with a heating element. The thermo-pressing head 7 is assembled from a guide strip 8 for guiding the thermo-pressing head 7 parallel to the generatrix of the plate cylinder 4 and a control unit 9. The control unit 9 is connected via a signal line 10 to a thermo-pressing head 7 which can be slid along the guide strip 8, and via another signal line 11, preferably an electronic image storage device. Connected to 12.
版胴４とサーモ押圧ヘツド７の加熱部材６との間に
は、熱転写シート13が配置されている。熱転写シート13
には、その版胴４に向い合う側部上に、エネルギを供給
すれば溶融可能で、室温では固形状の、有利には親油性
の特性を有する被転写物質14が連続して積層されてい
る。被転写物質14としては、例えばワツクス又は熱可塑
性のプラスチツクが適合している。熱転写シート13は、
ドラム17上に巻き付けられており、版胴４に印像を形成
するため、印像伝達ユニツト５と共に版胴４に当て付け
られていて、熱転写シートの表面自体が部分的に版胴４
と接触している。印像を形成するために利用された熱転
写シート13を巻き付けるために、別のドラム18が設けら
れている。A thermal transfer sheet 13 is arranged between the plate cylinder 4 and the heating member 6 of the thermo-pressing head 7. Thermal transfer sheet 13
The transfer material 14 which can be melted by supplying energy and is solid at room temperature, preferably having lipophilic properties, is continuously laminated on the side facing the plate cylinder 4. I have. As the substance to be transferred 14, for example, wax or thermoplastic is suitable. The thermal transfer sheet 13
It is wound on a drum 17 and is applied to the plate cylinder 4 together with the image transfer unit 5 to form an image on the plate cylinder 4, and the surface itself of the thermal transfer sheet is partially exposed to the plate cylinder 4.
Is in contact with Another drum 18 is provided for winding the thermal transfer sheet 13 used for forming an imprint.
被転写物質14の部分14aを版胴４上に伝達するため、
制御ユニツト９は、先づ印像記憶装置12から、各印像の
ためにそこにデジタルに記憶された印像情報を読み取
り、印像がインキを伝達すべきか否かに応じて、サーモ
押圧ヘツド７の加熱部材６の１つを活性化せしめる。印
像点をインキ着けする必要がある場合には、熱転写シー
ト13に当て付けられた加熱部材にエネルギが負荷され
る。エネルギは、加熱部材内で熱エネルギとして直接作
り出されるか、又はピン電極として形成されている場合
には、該電極が、種種の電気抵抗の多数の層から形成さ
れた熱転写シートと協働して「抵抗リボン法」に基いて
エネルギを放出する。エネルギの作用によつて溶融され
た被転写物質の部分14aは、版胴４の表面上に沈着し、
そこで極めて速かに固化する。In order to transfer the portion 14a of the material 14 to be transferred onto the plate cylinder 4,
The control unit 9 first reads the image information digitally stored therein for each image from the image storage device 12 and, depending on whether the image should transfer ink, a thermopressing head. One of the heating members 6 is activated. When it is necessary to apply ink to the image printing point, energy is applied to the heating member applied to the thermal transfer sheet 13. The energy is produced directly as thermal energy in the heating element or, if formed as pin electrodes, the electrodes cooperate with a thermal transfer sheet formed from multiple layers of various electrical resistances. Energy is released based on the "resistance ribbon method". The portion 14a of the material to be transferred, which has been melted by the action of energy, is deposited on the surface of the plate cylinder 4,
There it solidifies very quickly.
版胴４の表面に軟かい層を装着せしめることにより、
押圧ヘツド、案内ヘツド及び版胴の製作精度に対して
は、厳しい要求を課す必要が全くなくなる。By attaching a soft layer to the surface of the plate cylinder 4,
There is no need to impose strict requirements on the production accuracy of the pressing head, the guiding head and the plate cylinder.
被転写物質の伝達は、像点ずつ行から行へ行われ、多
数の加熱部材６（又はピン電極）を使用する場合には、
複数の行で平行に行われる。１つの（あるいは平行に生
ぜしめられた多数の）像点行が伝達された後の押圧ヘッ
ド７の送り並びに版胴４の回動はやはり制御ユニット９
によって制御される。The transfer of the material to be transferred is performed from image line to image line by image point, and when a large number of heating members 6 (or pin electrodes) are used,
This is done in parallel on multiple lines. After the transmission of one (or a number of parallel-generated image rows), the feed of the pressure head 7 and the rotation of the plate cylinder 4 are again controlled by a control unit 9.
Is controlled by
第２図に図示の変化態様にあつては、第１図と同一部
材は、「′」を付した同一符号で示されている。第１実
施例の印像点伝達ユニツト５に類似の装置５′が、ウエ
ブ輪転式オフセツト印刷機のゴムブランケツト胴に当て
付けられている。被転写物質部分14a′は、第１の転写
ステツプで、印像点伝達ユニツト５′により熱転写シー
ト13′から脱離され、ゴムブランケツト胴２′の軟かい
表面上に伝達される。ゴムブランケツト胴２′と版胴15
との接触線の直前のゴムブランケツト胴２′の上に、加
熱装置16が設けられている。第１の転写ステツプの後
に、ゴムブランケツト胴２′上で固化して中間的にスト
ツクされた被転写物質部分14a′が、前記加熱装置16に
より新たに溶解され、第２の転写ステツプで、版胴15に
走査線状に伝達される。この時、ゴムブランケツト胴
２′の軟かい表面が版胴15の硬い表面に押圧されるの
で、第２の転写ステツプの際にも関与する胴の形状偏位
を良好に補正することができる。In the variation shown in FIG. 2, the same members as those in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same reference numerals with “′”. An apparatus 5 'similar to the image transfer point unit 5 of the first embodiment is applied to a rubber blanket cylinder of a web rotary offset printing press. The transferred material portion 14a 'is detached from the thermal transfer sheet 13' by the image transfer point unit 5 'in the first transfer step and is transferred onto the soft surface of the rubber blanket cylinder 2'. Rubber blanket cylinder 2 'and plate cylinder 15
A heating device 16 is provided on the rubber blanket cylinder 2 'immediately before the line of contact with the heater. After the first transfer step, the intermediately stocked transfer material portion 14a 'solidified and intermediately stocked on the rubber blanket cylinder 2' is newly melted by the heating device 16, and in the second transfer step, The light is transmitted to the plate cylinder 15 in the form of a scanning line. At this time, since the soft surface of the rubber blanket cylinder 2 'is pressed against the hard surface of the plate cylinder 15, the shape deviation of the cylinder which is involved in the second transfer step can be corrected well. .
この両実施例にあつては、有利には、版胴４乃至15と
ゴムブランケツト胴２乃至２′とが共に、継目無しの表
面を有している。In both embodiments, the plate cylinders 4 to 15 and the rubber blanket cylinders 2 to 2 'are preferably provided with a seamless surface.
案内部に沿つてスライド可能な押圧ヘツドの変化態様
として、版胴の全幅に亘る押圧ヘツドを使用することも
できる。該押圧ヘツドは、１体形に形成されているか、
又は転写シートの走行方向でみて、互いにずらされた多
数の部分から組み立てられている。As a variation of the pressing head slidable along the guide, a pressing head over the entire width of the plate cylinder can be used. The pressing head is formed in one body,
Alternatively, it is assembled from a large number of parts shifted from each other as viewed in the running direction of the transfer sheet.
図面は本発明の実施例を示すもので、第１図は１つの転
写ステツプで版胴に直接印像を施す装置の図、第２図は
伝達胴の中間接続のもとに、２つの転写ステツプで版胴
に印像を施す装置の図である。 1,1′……圧胴、2,2′……ゴムブランケツト胴、3,3′
……被印刷材ウエブ、４……版胴、5,5′……印像点伝
達ユニツト、6,6′……加熱部材、7,7′……サーモ押圧
ヘツド、8,8′……案内条片、9,9′……制御ユニツト、
10,10′;11,11′……信号導線、12,12′……印像記憶装
置、13,13′……熱転写シート、14,14′……被転写物
質、14a,14a′……部分、15……版胴、16……加熱装
置、17,18……ドラムThe drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a view showing an apparatus for directly printing an image on a plate cylinder in one transfer step, and FIG. 2 is a view showing two transfer steps under an intermediate connection of a transfer cylinder. FIG. 3 is a view of an apparatus for applying an image to a plate cylinder in steps. 1,1 '... impression cylinder, 2,2' ... rubber blanket cylinder, 3,3 '
Printed material web, plate cylinder, 5,5 'printing unit, 6,6' heating member, 7,7 'thermo-press head, 8,8' Guide strip, 9,9 '... Control unit,
10, 10 '; 11, 11' ... signal conductor, 12, 12 '... image storage device, 13, 13' ... thermal transfer sheet, 14, 14 '... material to be transferred, 14a, 14a' ... Part, 15 ... Plate cylinder, 16 ... Heating device, 17, 18 ... Drum
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ヨーゼフ・シユナイダー ドイツ連邦共和国ミユンヘン45・ライシ ユルヴエーク １‐ベー (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−34169（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭63−125534（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) B41C 1/10 - 1/18 B41F 7/02 B41N 1/14 B41M 5/26 B41J 2/325 Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Josef Schneider, Miyunchen 45, Reishi, Urweg 1-Bee, Germany (56) References JP-A-63-34169 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) B41C 1/10-1/18 B41F 7/02 B41N 1/14 B41M 5/26 B41J 2/325
Claims (6)
式オフセット印刷機内で、熱転写法に則って作動する印
像点伝達ユニットにより、版胴表面の部分上に、印像に
適合しインキ着けされる被転写物質の着肉を行う形式の
ものにおいて、インキ着けされる被転写物質の着肉を少
なくとも補助的に輪転式印刷機の胴の軟かい表面上で行
い、その際、印像点伝達ユニット（５）が、インキ着け
される被転写物質（14）の部分（14a）を版胴（４）上
に直接伝達するか、あるいは印像伝達ユニット（５′）
が、インキ着けされる被転写物質（14′）の部分（14
a′）をゴムブランケット胴（２′）上に伝達すること
を特徴とする，版胴に印像を形成する方法。1. A method for forming an image on a plate cylinder, comprising the steps of: forming an image on a portion of the plate cylinder surface in a rotary offset printing press by an image point transmitting unit that operates according to a thermal transfer method. In the form of depositing a conforming and inked material to be transferred, the inking of the material to be inked is performed at least supplementally on the soft surface of the cylinder of the rotary printing press, The image transfer unit (5) transfers the part (14a) of the material to be inked (14) directly onto the plate cylinder (4) or the image transfer unit (5 ')
Is the part of the substance to be transferred (14 ') (14
a.) A method for forming an image on a plate cylinder, the method comprising transferring a ') onto a rubber blanket cylinder (2').
ムから成っていることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の方
法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the plate cylinder is made of an acrylic ester rubber.
っていることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the plate cylinder is made of nitrile rubber.
（PVC）から成っていることを特徴とする、請求項１記
載の方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the plate cylinder is made of modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
いることを特徴とする、請求項１から４までのいずれか
１項記載の方法。5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plate cylinder is provided with a seamless surface.
しの表面を有していることを特徴とする、請求項１記載
の方法。6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blanket cylinder has a seamless surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3837978A DE3837978A1 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | METHOD FOR IMAGING A PRINT FORM CYLINDER |
| DE3837978.3 | 1988-11-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02172740A JPH02172740A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| JP2974699B2 true JP2974699B2 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
Family
ID=6366798
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1288974A Expired - Lifetime JP2974699B2 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1989-11-08 | How to form an image on a plate cylinder |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0368180B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2974699B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3837978A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19811029C2 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2000-02-24 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Regulation of the speeds in a method and device for producing a thermal transfer print using ribbon-shaped transfer films |
| EP1048458B1 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2003-05-14 | Agfa-Gevaert | Method for making a lithographic printing master |
| DE19947225A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Process for the treatment of printing plates in printing machines |
| DE10030599A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-01-03 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Method and device in printing machines for applying imageable layers |
| DE10030601A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-01-03 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Method and device in printing machines for applying layers bearing image information |
| DE10121827B4 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2005-12-22 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Printing unit with reversible imaging and digital conversion |
| DE10153794A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-22 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Method and device for integrated printing form generation in a processing machine |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR457270A (en) * | 1913-04-30 | 1913-09-15 | J Voirin Des Ets | Method and device for the direct production of printing plates used in transfer machines on rubber or other plastics |
| NL269626A (en) * | 1960-09-28 | |||
| US3299807A (en) * | 1963-10-22 | 1967-01-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Direct imaging of offset plates |
| DE3248178C2 (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1987-02-19 | Forschungsgesellschaft Druckmaschinen E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Image-based coating of printing plates for planographic printing |
| DE3636129A1 (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-05 | Man Technologie Gmbh | PRINT FORM FOR FLAT PRINTING |
| DE3809915A1 (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-10-05 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Method for transferring printing images in lithoprinting |
| DE3834270A1 (en) * | 1988-10-08 | 1990-04-12 | Roland Man Druckmasch | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRINTING FORMS |
-
1988
- 1988-11-09 DE DE3837978A patent/DE3837978A1/en active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-11-04 EP EP89120430A patent/EP0368180B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-04 DE DE89120430T patent/DE58905972D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-08 JP JP1288974A patent/JP2974699B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0368180A2 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
| EP0368180A3 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
| EP0368180B1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| DE58905972D1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| DE3837978C2 (en) | 1990-08-16 |
| DE3837978A1 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| JPH02172740A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
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