JP2970016B2 - Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool - Google Patents
Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting toolInfo
- Publication number
- JP2970016B2 JP2970016B2 JP6080791A JP6080791A JP2970016B2 JP 2970016 B2 JP2970016 B2 JP 2970016B2 JP 6080791 A JP6080791 A JP 6080791A JP 6080791 A JP6080791 A JP 6080791A JP 2970016 B2 JP2970016 B2 JP 2970016B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cemented carbide
- hard layer
- cutting
- cutting tool
- coated cemented
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、フライス切削などの
断続切削に用いた場合に優れた切削性能を示すことは勿
論のこと、連続切削に用いた場合でも特に中低速の連続
切削に用いた場合に優れた切削性能を示す硬質層被覆超
硬合金製切削工具に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention shows excellent cutting performance when used in intermittent cutting such as milling, and also when used in continuous cutting, particularly when used in medium to low speed continuous cutting. The present invention relates to a hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool that exhibits excellent cutting performance in such cases.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、結合相形成成分として、鉄族金
属のうち１種または２種以上を含有し、さらに必要に応
じて周期律表の４ａ，５ａ，および６ａ族金属の炭化
物、窒化物、炭窒化物を０．５〜３０重量％含有し、残
りが炭化タングステン（以下、ＷＣと記す、）および不
可避不純物からなる超硬合金基体（以下、超硬合金基体
という）の表面に、ＴｉＣＮ層を物理蒸着法により被覆
してなる硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削工具は知られている
（特開昭５２−１０８７１号公報参照）。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, one or more of iron group metals are contained as a binder phase forming component, and if necessary, carbides and nitrides of metals of groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic table are used. , A cemented carbide substrate (hereinafter referred to as a cemented carbide substrate) containing 0.5 to 30% by weight of carbonitride and the balance of tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) and unavoidable impurities. A cutting tool made of a hard layer-coated cemented carbide obtained by coating a layer by a physical vapor deposition method is known (see JP-A-52-10871).
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記の方法で
得られた従来の物理蒸着法により形成されたＴｉＣＮ層
の結晶粒径は粗大であるためにＴｉＣＮ層の靭性が不足
し、従来の物理蒸着法により形成されたＴｉＣＮ層を有
する硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削工具は、フライス切削な
どの断続切削に用いた場合にはＴｉＣＮ硬質層が剥離
し、その部分から欠損が発生し、満足のいく使用寿命が
得られないという課題があったのである。However, since the crystal grain size of the TiCN layer formed by the conventional physical vapor deposition method obtained by the above method is coarse, the toughness of the TiCN layer is insufficient, and the conventional physical A hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool having a TiCN layer formed by a vapor deposition method, when used for intermittent cutting such as milling, the TiCN hard layer peels off, and defects are generated from that part, which is satisfactory. There was a problem that a long service life could not be obtained.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】そこで、本発明者らは、
上述のような課題を解決し、フライス切削などの断続切
削に用いた場合にも一層の長寿命を示す硬質層被覆超硬
合金製切削工具を得るべく研究を行った結果、炭窒化チ
タンの単一硬質層の組成をＴｉ（ＣxＮy）〔ただし、ｘ
＋ｙ＝１〕で表すと、上記Ｔｉ（ＣxＮy）におけるｘを
超硬合金基体に接する最内面から最外面に向かって連続
的に増加するように変化せしめるとともに、ｙを連続的
に減少するように変化せしめて得られたＴｉ（ＣxＮy）
層は結晶粒が微細化し、このＴｉ（ＣxＮy）層を超硬合
金基体の表面に被覆してなる硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削
工具は耐剥離性に優れるという知見を得たのである。Means for Solving the Problems Accordingly, the present inventors have:
As a result of studying to solve the above-mentioned problems and to obtain a hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool that has a longer life even when used for interrupted cutting such as milling, as a result, titanium carbonitride the composition of one hard layer Ti (C x N y) [here, x
+ Y = 1], x in Ti (C x N y ) is changed so as to continuously increase from the innermost surface to the outermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate, and y is continuously reduced. (C x N y ) obtained by changing
Since the layer has fine grains, it has been found that a hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool obtained by coating the surface of a cemented carbide substrate with this Ti (C x N y ) layer has excellent exfoliation resistance. is there.
【０００５】この発明は、かかる知見にもとづいて成さ
れたものであって、超硬合金基体の表面に、Ｔｉ（Ｃx
Ｎy）〔ただし、ｘ＋ｙ＝１〕で示される組成を有する
炭窒化チタン単一硬質層を被覆してなる切削工具であっ
て、上記炭窒化チタンＴｉ（ＣxＮy）単一硬質層におけ
る、ｘは、超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最小値をと
り、かつ最内面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に増加す
るように変化して最外面で最大値をとり、一方、ｙは、
超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最大値をとり、かつ最内
面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に減少するように変化
して最外面で最小値をとる硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削工
具、に特徴を有するものである。[0005] The present invention has been made based on this finding, and Ti (C x
N y ) [where x + y = 1] is a cutting tool coated with a single hard layer of titanium carbonitride having the composition represented by the formula: wherein the single hard layer of titanium carbonitride Ti (C x N y ) , X takes the minimum value at the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate, and changes so as to increase in the layer thickness direction from the innermost surface to the outermost surface, and takes the maximum value at the outermost surface, while y is ,
Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool that takes the maximum value on the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate, and changes so that it decreases in the layer thickness direction from the innermost surface to the outermost surface and takes the minimum value on the outermost surface , Are characterized by:
【０００６】この発明の硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削工具
における炭窒化チタン単一硬質層を形成するには、イオ
ンプレーティング装置等の物理蒸着装置を用いる。上記
物理蒸着装置に導入する反応ガスは、窒素ガスと炭化水
素ガスの混合ガスであり、この混合ガスは、図１のグラ
フに示されるように、物理蒸着の進行にともなって、窒
素ガス導入量を連続的に減少させるとともに、これに反
比例するように炭化水素ガスを連続的に増加するように
供給する。窒素ガス導入量および炭化水素ガス導入量
は、断続的に変化させても良いが、連続的に変化させる
ほうが好ましく、図１のグラフでは、窒素ガス導入量お
よび炭化水素ガス導入量を直線的に連続して変化させて
いるが、これに限定されるものではなく、曲線的に連続
して変化させてもよい。In order to form a single hard layer of titanium carbonitride in the hard layer-coated hard metal cutting tool of the present invention, a physical vapor deposition device such as an ion plating device is used. The reaction gas introduced into the physical vapor deposition apparatus is a mixed gas of a nitrogen gas and a hydrocarbon gas. As shown in the graph of FIG. Is continuously reduced, and the hydrocarbon gas is supplied so as to be continuously increased in inverse proportion thereto. Although the nitrogen gas introduction amount and the hydrocarbon gas introduction amount may be changed intermittently, it is preferable to change them continuously. In the graph of FIG. 1, the nitrogen gas introduction amount and the hydrocarbon gas introduction amount are linearly changed. Although it is changed continuously, it is not limited to this, and may be changed continuously in a curved line.
【０００７】このようにして得られた炭窒化チタン単一
硬質層をＴｉ（Ｃx Ｎy）〔ただし、ｘ＋ｙ＝１〕で表
すと、ｘおよびｙの値は、反応ガスとして窒素ガスと炭
化水素ガスの混合ガスを導入する関係から、それぞれ
０．０５≦ｘ≦０．９５および０．０５≦ｙ≦０．９５
の範囲内の値をとり、超硬合金基体に接する最内面でＴ
ｉＮが最大成分として含まれるために超硬合金基体に対
する付着性が優れ、一方、切削時に直接影響を受ける最
外面で高硬度のＴｉＣが最大成分となるので耐摩耗性が
優れ、単一硬質層でありながら付着性および耐摩耗性の
両方を兼備えた優れた特性を有するのでフライス切削な
どの断続切削に特に有効である。また、上記炭窒化チタ
ン単一硬質層を有するこの発明の硬質層被覆超硬合金製
切削工具は、一般に逃げ面摩耗が激しいとされている中
低速（切削速度：２００ｍ／min 未満）の連続切削にも
有効である。When the titanium carbonitride single hard layer thus obtained is represented by Ti (C x N y ) (where x + y = 1), the values of x and y are determined by reacting nitrogen gas and carbonized gas as reaction gases. From the relation of introducing a mixed gas of hydrogen gas, 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.95 and 0.05 ≦ y ≦ 0.95, respectively.
And the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate
Since iN is contained as the maximum component, the adhesion to the cemented carbide substrate is excellent, while on the other hand, the hardest TiC on the outermost surface, which is directly affected at the time of cutting, is the maximum component, so that it has excellent wear resistance and a single hard layer. However, since it has excellent characteristics having both adhesion and wear resistance, it is particularly effective for intermittent cutting such as milling. Further, the hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool of the present invention having the above-mentioned titanium carbonitride single hard layer has a medium to low speed (cutting speed: less than 200 m / min) continuous cutting which is generally considered to have severe flank wear. It is also effective.
【０００８】この炭窒化チタン単一硬質層の厚さは、２
０μｍ以下であることが好ましい。２０μｍを越えると
切削時に基体との間に熱膨脹の差が大きくなり、亀裂が
生じて剥離しやすくなる。一方、上記単一硬質層が０．
５μｍ未満では硬質層摩耗抑制効果が十分でないために
０．５μｍ以上であることが好ましい。[0008] The thickness of this titanium carbonitride single hard layer is 2
It is preferably 0 μm or less. If it exceeds 20 μm, the difference in thermal expansion between the substrate and the substrate at the time of cutting becomes large, and cracks are generated, which makes it easy to peel off. On the other hand, when the single hard layer is 0.1.
When the thickness is less than 5 μm, the effect of suppressing the wear of the hard layer is not sufficient, so that the thickness is preferably 0.5 μm or more.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】つぎに、この発明の硬質層被覆超硬合金製切
削工具を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明する。Next, a hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
【００１０】原料粉末として、それぞれ平均粒径：３μ
ｍのＣｏ粉末、ＴｉＣ粉末、ＴａＣ粉末、ＷＣ粉末を用
意し、これら粉末を、Ｃｏ粉末：９重量％、ＴｉＣ粉
末：１重量％、ＴａＣ粉末：２重量％、残り：ＷＣ粉末
となるように配合し、混合したのち、圧粉体に成型し、
この圧粉体を通常の条件で焼結して焼結体を製造し、こ
の焼結体を研削してＩＳＯ規格ＴＮＧＡ１６０４０８の
形状を有するＷＣ基超硬合金製チップを作製した。As raw material powders, each has an average particle diameter of 3 μm.
m Co powder, TiC powder, TaC powder, and WC powder were prepared, and these powders were prepared such that Co powder: 9% by weight, TiC powder: 1% by weight, TaC powder: 2% by weight, and remaining: WC powder. After blending and mixing, it is molded into a green compact,
The green compact was sintered under normal conditions to produce a sintered body, and the sintered body was ground to produce a WC-based cemented carbide chip having a shape of ISO standard TNGA160408.
【００１１】つぎに、このＷＣ基超硬合金製チップを通
常のイオンプレーティング装置内の上方に装着し、一
方、上記イオンプレーティング装置内の下方に設置され
たルツボ内には、Ｔｉ金属を充填した。かかる状態で上
記イオンプレーティング装置内を１×１０-5 Torrの真
空に保持し、昇温速度：６℃／min で７００℃に昇温さ
せた。つづいて、この温度に保持しながら、５×１０-2
TorrのＡｒガス雰囲気に保持してボンバードクリーニ
ングし、ついで、Ｔｉ金属を通電等により加熱蒸発させ
るとともに、供給口より窒素ガス：９９．９５容量％、
アセチレンガス：０．０５％の混合ガスとなるように導
入し、イオンプレーティング装置内の圧力を１．０×１
０-4 Torrに維持し、上記窒素ガスは、次第に減少する
ように供給すると同時にアセチレンガスは、次第に増加
するように供給しながら窒素ガスとアセチレンガスの量
を反比例するように連続的に変化させながら物理蒸着を
行い、上記ＷＣ基超硬合金製チップの表面に表１に示さ
れる厚さの炭窒化チタン単一硬質層を被覆してなる本発
明硬質層被覆超硬合金製チップ１〜８を製造した。Next, this WC-based cemented carbide chip is mounted above a normal ion plating apparatus, while Ti metal is placed in a crucible installed below the above ion plating apparatus. Filled. In this state, the inside of the ion plating apparatus was maintained at a vacuum of 1 × 10 −5 Torr, and the temperature was increased to 700 ° C. at a rate of 6 ° C./min. Subsequently, while maintaining this temperature, 5 × 10 -2
Bombard cleaning is performed while maintaining the atmosphere in an Ar gas atmosphere of Torr. Then, while heating and evaporating the Ti metal by energization or the like, nitrogen gas: 99.95% by volume
Acetylene gas: introduced so as to be a mixed gas of 0.05%, and the pressure in the ion plating apparatus was set to 1.0 × 1.
0 was maintained at -4 Torr, the nitrogen gas, at the same time the acetylene gas is supplied so as to reduce gradually, continuously changed in inverse proportion to the amount of the nitrogen gas and acetylene gas while supplying to increase gradually The hard layer-coated cemented carbide tips 1 to 8 of the present invention in which the surface of the WC-based cemented carbide tip is coated with a single hard layer of titanium carbonitride having a thickness shown in Table 1 Was manufactured.
【００１２】上記炭窒化チタン単一硬質層の組成をＥＰ
ＭＡを用いて測定したところ、炭窒化チタン単一硬質層
の炭素は、超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最小値をとり
かつ最内面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に連続的に増
加するように変化して最外面で最大値をとり、一方、窒
素は、超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最大値をとりかつ
最内面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に連続的に減少す
るように変化して最外面で最小値を示す濃度勾配を有し
ていることが分った。The composition of the single hard layer of titanium carbonitride is defined by EP
When measured using MA, the carbon of the titanium carbonitride single hard layer takes the minimum value on the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate and continuously increases in the layer thickness direction from the innermost surface to the outermost surface. So that the nitrogen has a maximum value on the outermost surface, while the nitrogen has a maximum value on the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate and continuously decreases in the layer thickness direction from the innermost surface to the outermost surface. To have a concentration gradient showing a minimum value on the outermost surface.
【００１３】上記炭窒化チタン単一硬質層をＸ線回折
し、（２００）面の半価幅を用いてＳｃｈｅｒｒｅｒの
式により平均結晶粒径を算出してその結果を表１に示し
た。The single hard layer of titanium carbonitride was subjected to X-ray diffraction, and the average crystal grain size was calculated by the Scherrer equation using the half width of the (200) plane. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００１４】［従来例］ 一方、比較のために、実施例のボンバードクリーニング
したのち、窒素ガスおよびアセチレンガスを１：１の容
量比で混合した一定混合比率の混合ガスを流すことによ
り、上記ＷＣ基超硬合金製チップの表面に炭窒化チタン
層からなり表１に示される厚さを有する従来硬質層被覆
超硬合金製チップ１〜４を製造した。この従来硬質層被
覆超硬合金製チップ１〜４についてもＸ線回折し、（２
００）面の半価幅を用いてＳｃｈｅｒｒｅｒの式により
平均結晶粒径を算出してその結果を表１に示したこれら
本発明硬質層被覆超硬合金製チップ１〜８および従来硬
質層被覆超硬合金製チップ１〜４について、下記の条件
で連続切削試験および断続切削試験を実施し、それらの
切削試験結果を表１に示した。[Conventional Example] On the other hand, for the sake of comparison, after the bombard cleaning of the embodiment, a mixed gas of a fixed mixture ratio of nitrogen gas and acetylene gas mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 was flown to obtain the WC. Conventional hard layer coated cemented carbide chips 1 to 4 having a thickness shown in Table 1 and comprising a titanium carbonitride layer on the surface of the base cemented carbide chip were manufactured. This conventional hard layer coated cemented carbide tip 1 to 4 was also subjected to X-ray diffraction to obtain (2
The average crystal grain size was calculated by the Scherrer's formula using the half width of the (00) plane, and the results are shown in Table 1. The continuous cutting test and the intermittent cutting test were performed on the hard alloy chips 1 to 4 under the following conditions, and the cutting test results are shown in Table 1.
【００１５】連続乾式切削試験 被削材：ＳＮＣＭ４３９（ブリネル硬さ：２５０）、 切削速度：１５０ｍ／min 、 送り：０．３mm／rev.、 切込み：１．５mm、 の条件で連続乾式切削し、チップの切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅
が０．３mmになるまでの時間（分）を測定した。Continuous dry cutting test Work material: SNCM439 (Brinell hardness: 250), Cutting speed: 150 m / min, Feed: 0.3 mm / rev., Cutting depth: 1.5 mm. The time (minute) until the flank wear width of the cutting edge of the tip became 0.3 mm was measured.
【００１６】断続乾式切削試験 被削材：ＳＣＭ４４０（ブリネル硬さ：３００）製で軸
方向外周に４本の溝の付いた円柱体、 切削速度：１００ｍ／min 、 送り：０．２１mm／rev.、 切込み：１．０mm、 切削時間：２min 、 の条件で切削し、１０個の試験切刃のうちの欠損発生切
刃数を測定した。Intermittent dry cutting test Work material: A cylinder made of SCM440 (Brinell hardness: 300) and having four grooves on the outer periphery in the axial direction, cutting speed: 100 m / min, feed: 0.21 mm / rev. The cutting was performed under the following conditions: cutting depth: 1.0 mm; cutting time: 2 min.
【００１７】[0017]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】表１に示される結果から、本発明硬質層
被覆超硬合金製チップ１〜８の被覆硬質層の結晶粒径は
微細であり、切削速度：２００ｍ／min 未満の中低速連
続乾式切削において優れた効果を発揮し、さらに断続乾
式切削においても、いずれも欠損発生がほとんどなく、
あってもごく僅かであることから長期にわたって優れた
切削性能を発揮するのに対し、従来硬質層被覆超硬合金
製チップ１〜４は、チップの切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅が０．
３mmになるまでの時間が短く、欠損発生も多く、従っ
て、チップの寿命も短いところから切削性能が劣ったも
のであることが明らかである。From the results shown in Table 1, the crystal grain size of the coated hard layer of the hard layer coated cemented carbide tips 1 to 8 of the present invention is fine, and the cutting speed is less than 200 m / min. Excellent effect in dry cutting, and even in intermittent dry cutting, there is almost no occurrence of chipping,
Even though they are very slight, they exhibit excellent cutting performance over a long period of time. On the other hand, the conventional hard layer-coated cemented carbide tips 1-4 have a flank wear width of the cutting edge of the tip of 0.
It is clear that the cutting performance was inferior due to the short time required to reach 3 mm and the occurrence of many defects, and the short life of the insert.
【００１９】上述のように、この発明の硬質層被覆超硬
合金切削工具は、優れた耐摩耗性および耐欠損性を有す
るので、優れた切削性能を長期にわたって発揮すること
ができ、産業上優れた効果をもたらすものである。As described above, the hard layer-coated cemented carbide cutting tool of the present invention has excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance, so that it can exhibit excellent cutting performance for a long period of time and is industrially excellent. The effect is brought about.
【図１】窒素ガスおよび炭化水素ガスの導入量を模型的
に示したグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph schematically showing the amounts of nitrogen gas and hydrocarbon gas introduced.
Claims (1)
〔ただし、ｘ＋ｙ＝１〕で示される組成を有する炭窒化
チタン単一硬質層を被覆してなる切削工具であって、上
記炭窒化チタンＴｉ（ＣxＮy）単一硬質層における、 ｘは、超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最小値をとり、最
内面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に増加するように変
化して最外面で最大値をとり、 一方、ｙは、超硬合金基体に接する最内面で最大値をと
り、最内面から最外面に向かって層厚方向に減少するよ
うに変化して最外面で最小値をとる、ことを特徴とする
硬質層被覆超硬合金製切削工具。1. Ti (C x N y ) is formed on the surface of a cemented carbide substrate.
A cutting tool coated with a single hard layer of titanium carbonitride having a composition represented by [x + y = 1], wherein x in the single hard layer of titanium carbonitride Ti (C x N y ) Takes the minimum value on the innermost surface in contact with the cemented carbide substrate, changes from the innermost surface toward the outermost surface in the layer thickness direction, and takes the maximum value on the outermost surface. A hard layer-coated cemented carbide, characterized in that it takes the maximum value at the innermost surface in contact with the substrate, changes from the innermost surface to the outermost surface in the layer thickness direction, and takes the minimum value at the outermost surface. Cutting tools.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6080791A JP2970016B2 (en) | 1991-01-11 | 1991-01-11 | Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6080791A JP2970016B2 (en) | 1991-01-11 | 1991-01-11 | Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04236772A JPH04236772A (en) | 1992-08-25 |
| JP2970016B2 true JP2970016B2 (en) | 1999-11-02 |
Family
ID=13152987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6080791A Expired - Lifetime JP2970016B2 (en) | 1991-01-11 | 1991-01-11 | Hard layer coated cemented carbide cutting tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2970016B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4456905B2 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2010-04-28 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | Surface coated cutting tool |
-
1991
- 1991-01-11 JP JP6080791A patent/JP2970016B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04236772A (en) | 1992-08-25 |
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